Nicholas 2 death briefly. Is it true that the remains of the royal family may not be their remains? They say someone could have survived and escaped. It is true that Tsarevich Alexei was the last to die.

The Romanov family was numerous, there were no problems with the successors to the throne. In 1918, after the Bolsheviks shot the emperor, his wife and children, a a large number of impostors. Rumors spread that on that very night in Yekaterinburg, one of them still survived.

And today, many believe that one of the children could be saved and that their offspring can live among us.

Anastasia was the youngest daughter of Nicholas. In 1918, when the Romanovs were shot, the remains of Anastasia were not found in the family's burial place and rumors spread that the young princess had survived.

People around the world have reincarnated as Anastasia. One of the most prominent imposters was Anna Anderson. She seems to be from Poland.

Anna imitated Anastasia in her behavior, and rumors that Anastasia was alive spread quickly enough. Many also tried to imitate her sisters and brother. People around the world tried to cheat, but most of the doubles were in Russia.

Many believed that the children of Nicholas II survived. But even after the burial of the Romanov family was found, scientists could not identify the remains of Anastasia. Most historians still cannot confirm that the Bolsheviks killed Anastasia.

Later, a secret burial was found, in which the remains of the young princess were found, and forensic experts were able to prove that she died along with the rest of the family in 1918. Her remains were reburied in 1998.

Many people believed that the Bolsheviks buried the Romanovs in various places in the Sverdlovsk region. In addition, many were convinced that two of the children were able to escape.

There was a theory that Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria were able to escape from the place of the terrible execution. In 1976, scientists attacked the trail with the remains of the Romanovs. In 1991, when the era of communism was over, the researchers were able to obtain government permission to open the burial of the Romanovs, the same one left by the Bolsheviks.

But scientists needed DNA analysis to confirm the theory. They asked Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent to provide DNA samples for comparison with those of the royal couple. Forensic experts confirmed that the DNA does indeed belong to the Romanovs. As a result of this study, it was possible to confirm that the Bolsheviks buried Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria separately from the rest.

In 2007, Sergei Plotnikov, one of the founders of the amateur historical group, made an amazing discovery. His group was looking for any facts related to the royal family.

In his spare time, Sergei was engaged in searching for the remains of the Romanovs in the alleged place of the first burial. And one day he was lucky, he stumbled upon something solid and began to dig.

To his surprise, he found several fragments of the bones of the pelvis and skull. After the examination, it was found that these bones belong to the children of Nicholas II.

After an analysis of the bones of Alexei and Mary, it was found that the bones were badly damaged, but in a different way than the bones of the emperor himself.

Traces of bullets were found on the remains of Nikolai, which means that the children were killed in a different way. The rest of the family also suffered in their own way.

Scientists managed to establish that Alexei and Maria were doused with acid, and they died from burns. Despite the fact that these two children were buried separately from the rest of the family, they suffered no less.

Archaeologists found 9 skulls, teeth, bullets of various calibers, fabric from clothes and wires from a wooden box. The remains were found to be those of a boy and a woman, estimated to be between 10 and 23 years old.

The probability that the boy was Tsarevich Alexei, and the girl Princess Maria is quite high. In addition, there were theories that the government managed to find the place where the bones of the Romanovs were stored. There were rumors that the remains were found as early as 1979, but the government kept this information a secret.

In 1990, another group of archaeologists decided to excavate, hoping that they would be able to find some more traces of the location of the remains of the Romanovs.

After a few days or even weeks, they dug up a field the size of a football field, but never completed the study, as they ran out of money. Surprisingly, Sergei Plotnikov found bone fragments in this very area.

The Russian Orthodox Church refused to accept the fact that the bones really belonged to the Romanov family. The Church demanded more evidence that these very remains were indeed found in the burial of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.

The successors of the Romanov family supported the Russian Orthodox Church, demanding additional research and confirmation that the bones really belong to the children of Nicholas II.

The reburial of the family was postponed many times, as the ROC each time questioned the correctness of the DNA analysis and the belonging of the bones to the Romanov family. The church asked forensic experts to conduct additional examination. After scientists finally managed to convince the church that the remains really belonged to the royal family, the Russian Orthodox Church planned a reburial.

The successors of the family tree of the Romanov dynasty live among us. One of the heirs of royal genes is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and he provided his DNA for research. Prince Philip is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, grand-niece of Princess Alexandra, and great-great-great-grandson of Nicholas I.

Another relative who helped with DNA identification is Prince Michael of Kent. His grandmother was a cousin of Nicholas II.

There are eight more successors of this kind: Hugh Grosvenor, Constantine II, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich, Olga Andreevna Romanova, Francis Alexander Matthew, Nicoletta Romanova, Rostislav Romanov. But these relatives did not provide their DNA for analysis, as Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent were recognized as the closest relatives.

Bolsheviks executed royal family in Yekaterinburg, and they had to somehow hide the evidence of the crime.

There are two theories about how the Bolsheviks killed children. According to the first version, they first shot Nikolai, and then put his daughters in the mine, where no one could find them. The Bolsheviks tried to blow up the mine, but their plan failed, so they decided to douse the children with acid and burn them.

According to the second version, the Bolsheviks wanted to cremate the bodies of the murdered Alexei and Maria. After several studies, scientists and forensic experts concluded that the cremation of the bodies did not work.

To cremate a human body, it takes a lot of heat, and the Bolsheviks were in the forest, and they did not have the opportunity to create the necessary conditions. After unsuccessful attempts at cremation, they nevertheless decided to bury the bodies, but divided the family into two graves.

The fact that the family was not buried together explains why not all family members were initially discovered. This also refutes the theory that Alexei and Maria managed to escape.

The secret of the Romanov dynasty rests with their remains in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in St. Petersburg. After numerous studies, scientists still agreed that the remains belong to Nicholas and his family.

The last farewell ceremony took place in the Orthodox Church and lasted three days. During funeral procession many still questioned the authenticity of the remains. But scientists say the bones are 97% identical to the members' DNA. royal family.

In Russia, this ceremony was given special meaning. Residents of fifty countries around the world watched the Romanov family go to rest. It took more than 80 years to debunk the myths about the family of the last emperor of the Russian Empire. Together with the completion of the funeral procession, an entire era has gone into the past.

Almost a hundred years have passed since terrible night when the Russian Empire ceased to exist forever. Until now, none of the historians can state unequivocally what happened that night and whether any of the family members survived. Most likely, the secret of this family will remain undisclosed, and we can only assume what really happened.

According to official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nicholas II, along with his wife and children, was shot. After the burial was opened and identified, the remains were reburied in 1998 in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. However, then the ROC did not confirm their authenticity.

“I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as authentic if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said the head of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, Metropolitan Volokolamsky Hilarion. In December, all the conclusions of the Investigative Committee and the commission of the Russian Orthodox Church will be considered by the Council of Bishops. It is he who will decide on the attitude of the church to the Yekaterinburg remains.

Almost a detective story with the remains

As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church did not participate in the burial of the remains of the royal family in 1998, explaining this by the fact that the church is not sure whether the true remains of the royal family are buried. The Russian Orthodox Church refers to the book of the Kolchak investigator Nikolai Sokolov, who concluded that all the bodies were burned. Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the place of burning are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined.

For the first time, researchers were led to the place of discovery of the remains (on the Old Koptyakovskaya Road) by Yurovsky's note, in which he describes in detail where and how he buried the corpses of the royal family. But why did the malicious murderer give a detailed report to his descendants, where should they look for evidence of the crime? Moreover, a number of modern historians put forward the version that Yurovsky belonged to an occult sect and certainly was not interested in the further veneration of holy relics by believers. If he wanted to confuse the investigation in this way, then he definitely achieved his goal - the case of the murder of Nicholas II and his family under the symbolic number 18666 long years shrouded in a halo of mystery and contains a lot of conflicting data

Is Yurovsky's note authentic, on the basis of which the authorities were looking for a burial place? And now, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Buranov, finds in the archive a handwritten note written by Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovsky, and by no means Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky. The grave is clearly marked there. That is, the note is a priori false. Pokrovsky was the first director of the Rosarkhiv. It was used by Stalin when history had to be rewritten. He has a famous expression: "History is politics turned into the past." Since Yurovsky's note was a fake, it was impossible to detect a burial from it.

And now, in the upcoming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the Russian Orthodox Church has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, research has been conducted for several years. Once again, historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists are rechecking the facts, powerful scientific forces and prosecutors are again involved, and all these actions again take place under a dense veil of secrecy.

But at the same time, no one remembers that after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Whites, in turn, three commissions of the Whites made an unequivocal conclusion - there was no execution. Neither the Reds nor the Whites wanted to disclose this information. The Bolsheviks were interested in the money of the king, and Kolchak declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, which could not be with a living sovereign. Before investigator Sokolov, the only investigator who published a book about the execution of the royal family, there were investigators Malinovsky, Nametkin (his archive was burned along with his house), Sergeev (dismissed from the case and killed). The investigating commissions cited facts and testimonies refuting the execution. But they were soon forgotten, since the 4th commission of Sokolov and Diteriks essentially fabricated the case of the execution of the Romanovs. They did not bring any facts to prove their theory, just as the investigators did not bring any facts in the 90s.

In the fall of 2015, investigators resumed the investigation into the death of members of the Romanov family. Currently, research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the ROC. At the beginning of July 2017, the secretary of the church commission for studying the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsk, said: a large number of new circumstances and new documents were discovered. For example, Sverdlov's order to execute Nicholas II was found. In addition, according to the results of recent research, forensic experts confirmed that the remains of the king and queen belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber blow he received when visiting Japan. As for the queen, dentists identified her by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins. Currently, expert examinations are also being carried out related to the establishment of the authenticity of the remains found in 2007, possibly Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Mary.

Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial in 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. In the same conclusion, severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai by periodontal disease was noted, since this person never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, whom Nikolai turned to, remained. In addition, the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth has not yet been found. Shevkunov did not say a word about the genetic examination, and this despite the fact that the genetic studies of 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged Empress and her sister Elizabeth Feodorovna do not match, which means there is no relationship.

In addition, in the museum of the city of Otsu (Japan) there are things left after the injury of the policeman Nicholas II. They have biological material that can be examined. According to them, Japanese geneticists from the Tatsuo Nagai group proved that the DNA of the remains of "Nicholas II" from near Yekaterinburg (and his family) does not 100% match the DNA of biomaterials from Japan. The publication by Japanese geneticists of the results of a study of human remains, which the official Russian authorities recognized as the remains of the family of Nikolai Romanov, made a lot of noise. After analyzing the DNA structures of the Yekaterinburg remains and comparing them with the DNA analysis of the brother of Nicholas II, Grand Duke Georgy Romanov, the natural nephew of Emperor Tikhon Kulikovsky-Romanov, and DNA taken from sweat particles from the imperial clothes, Tatsuo Nagai, a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Microbiology, came to the conclusion that the remains , discovered near Yekaterinburg, do not belong to Nicholas II and members of his family. The results of this examination showed the obvious incompetence of the entire government commission, which was created under the leadership of Boris Nemtsov. Tatsuo Nagai's conclusions are a very strong argument that is difficult to refute.

This gave particular weight to the arguments of that group of historians and geneticists who are sure that in 1998 absolutely alien remains were buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress under the guise of the imperial family with great fanfare. Neither the leadership of the Russian Church, nor representatives of the Romanov family came to the pretentious burial of the Ekaterinburg remains. Moreover, then Patriarch Alexy II took the word from Boris Yeltsin that he would not call the remains royal.

There are also results of a genetic examination of the President of the International Association of Forensic Physicians, Mr. Bonte from Düsseldorf. According to German scientists, these are the remains of the Filatovs, the twins of Nicholas II. Nicholas II had seven families of twins. The system of twins began with Alexander the First. Historically, it is known that there were two assassination attempts on him. Both times he remained alive, because doubles died. Alexander II had no twins. Alexander the Third had doubles after the famous train crash in Borki. Nicholas II had twins after Bloody Sunday 1905. Moreover, these were specially selected families. Only at the last moment did a very narrow circle of people find out which route and in which carriage Nicholas II would go. And so the same departure of all three carriages was made. In which of them Nikolai II was sitting is unknown. Documents about this lie in the archives of the third branch of the office of His Imperial Majesty. The Bolsheviks, having seized the archive in 1917, naturally received the names of all the twins.

Perhaps, from the remains of the Filatovs in 1946, the “remains of the royal family” were created? It is known that in 1946 Anna Andersen, a resident of Denmark, tried to get royal gold. By starting the second process of recognizing himself as Anastasia. Her first process did not end with anything, it lasted until the mid-30s. Then she paused and in 1946 filed a lawsuit again. Stalin, apparently, decided that it would be better to make a grave where "Anastasia" would lie, than to explain these issues to the West.

Further, the very place of execution of the Romanovs, the Ipatiev House, was demolished in 1977. In the mid-70s of the XX century, the government of the USSR was very worried about the increased attention of foreigners to the house of engineer Ipatiev. In 1978, two round dates were planned at once: the 110th anniversary of the birth of Nicholas II and the 60th anniversary of his assassination. In order to avoid the excitement around the Ipatiev house, KGB chairman Yuri Andropov proposed to demolish it. final decision about the destruction of the mansion was accepted by Boris Yeltsin, who then held the post of first secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the Communist Party.

The Ipatiev House, which stood for almost 90 years, was razed to the ground in September 1977. For this, the destroyers took 3 days, a bulldozer and a ball-woman. The official pretext for the destruction of the building was the planned reconstruction of the city center. But it is possible that this is not the case at all - the microparticles that meticulous researchers could find could already at that time refute the legend of the execution of the royal family, and give other versions of events and their defendants! Then there was already, albeit inaccurate, genetic analysis.

Financial background

As you know, in the bank of the Baring brothers, there is gold, personal gold of Nicholas II weighing five and a half tons. There is a long-term study by Professor Vladlen Sirotkin (MGIMO) "Foreign Gold of Russia" (M., 2000), where the gold and other holdings of the Romanov family accumulated in the accounts of Western banks are also estimated at no less than 400 billion dollars, and together with investments - in more than 2 trillion dollars! In the absence of Romanov heirs, the closest relatives turn out to be members of the English royal family... These are the interests of which may be the underlying reason for many events of the 19th-21st centuries... But the bank cannot give them this gold until Nicholas II is declared dead. According to the laws of Great Britain, the absence of a corpse and the absence of documents declaring a wanted list means that the person is alive.

By the way, it is not clear (or, on the contrary, it is understandable) for what reasons the royal house of England denied asylum three times to the Romanov family. And this despite the fact that the mothers of George V and Nicholas II were sisters. In the surviving correspondence, Nicholas II and George V call each other "Cousin Nicky" and "Cousin Georgie" - they were cousins, almost the same age, spent a lot of time together and were very similar in appearance.

At that time, 440 tons of gold from the gold reserves of Russia and 5.5 tons of personal gold of Nicholas II were in England as collateral for military loans. Now think about it: if the royal family died, then to whom would the gold go? Close relatives! Isn't that the reason why Cousin Georgie was denied admission to Cousin Nicky's family? To get gold, its owners had to die. Officially. And now all this must be connected with the burial of the royal family, which will officially testify that the owners of untold wealth are dead.

Versions of life after death

The first version: the royal family was shot near Yekaterinburg, and their remains, with the exception of Alexei and Maria, were reburied in St. Petersburg. The remains of these children were found in 2007, all examinations were carried out on them, and they, apparently, will be buried on the day of the 100th anniversary of the tragedy. When confirming this version, it is necessary for accuracy to once again identify all the remains and repeat all examinations, especially genetic and pathological anatomical ones.

The second version: the royal family was not shot, but was dispersed throughout Russia and all family members died of natural causes, having lived their lives in Russia or abroad, while a family of twins was shot in Yekaterinburg.

The surviving members of the royal family were watched by people from the KGB, where a special department, disbanded during the restructuring. The archive of this department has been preserved. The royal family was saved by Stalin - the royal family was evacuated from Yekaterinburg through Perm to Moscow and fell into the hands of Trotsky, then People's Commissar of Defense. To further save the royal family, Stalin carried out a whole operation, stealing it from Trotsky's people and taking them to Sukhumi, to a specially built house next to the former house of the royal family. From there, all family members were distributed according to different places, Maria and Anastasia were taken to the Glinskaya hermitage (Sumy region), then Maria was transported to the Nizhny Novgorod region, where she died of illness on May 24, 1954. Anastasia subsequently married Stalin's personal bodyguard and lived very secluded on a small farm, died

June 27, 1980 in the Volgograd region. The eldest daughters, Olga and Tatyana, were sent to Serafimo-Diveevsky convent- the empress was settled not far from the girls. But they did not live here for long. Olga, having traveled through Afghanistan, Europe and Finland, settled in Vyritsa, Leningrad Region, where she died on January 19, 1976. Tatyana lived partly in Georgia, partly on the territory Krasnodar Territory, buried in Krasnodar Territory, died September 21, 1992. Alexei and his mother lived in their dacha, then Alexei was transferred to Leningrad, where he was "made" a biography, and the whole world recognized him as a party and Soviet leader Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (Stalin sometimes called him a prince in front of everyone). Nicholas II lived and died in Nizhny Novgorod (December 22, 1958), and the tsarina died in the village of Starobelskaya, Lugansk region, on April 2, 1948, and was subsequently reburied in Nizhny Novgorod, where she and the emperor share a common grave. Three daughters of Nicholas II, except for Olga, had children. N.A. Romanov talked with I.V. Stalin, and wealth Russian Empire were used to strengthen the power of the USSR ...

Historically, Russia is a monarchical state. First there were princes, then kings. The history of our state is old and diverse. Russia knew many monarchs from different characters, human and managerial qualities. However, it was the Romanov family that became the brightest representative Russian throne. The history of their reign has about three centuries. And the end of the Russian Empire is also inextricably linked with this surname.

Romanov family: history

The Romanovs, an old noble family, did not immediately have such a surname. For centuries, they were first called Kobylins, a little bit later Koshkins, then Zakharyin. And only after more than 6 generations they acquired the name of the Romanovs.

For the first time, this noble family was allowed to approach the Russian throne by the marriage of Tsar Ivan the Terrible with Anastasia Zakharyina.

There is no direct connection between the Rurikoviches and the Romanovs. It has been established that Ivan III is the great-great-grandson of one of the sons of Andrei Kobyla - Fedor on the maternal side. Whereas the Romanov family became a continuation of another grandson of Fedor - Zacharias.

However, this fact played a key role when, in 1613, on Zemsky Cathedral the grandson of Anastasia Zakharyina's brother, Mikhail, was elected to reign. So the throne passed from the Ruriks to the Romanovs. After that, the rulers of this kind succeeded each other for three centuries. During this time, our country changed the form of power and became the Russian Empire.

The first emperor was Peter I. And the last was Nicholas II, who abdicated as a result of the February Revolution of 1917 and was shot with his family in July of the following year.

Biography of Nicholas II

In order to understand the reasons for the deplorable end of the imperial reign, it is necessary to take a closer look at the biography of Nikolai Romanov and his family:

1. Nicholas II was born in 1868. From childhood he was brought up in best traditions royal court. From a young age he became interested in military affairs. From the age of 5, he took part in military training, parades and processions. Even before taking the oath different ranks, including was a Cossack chieftain. As a result, the rank of colonel became the highest military rank of Nicholas. Nicholas came to power at the age of 27. Nicholas was an educated, intelligent monarch;
2. To the bride of Nicholas, a German princess who received Russian name- Alexandra Fedorovna, at the time of the marriage she was 22 years old. The couple loved each other very much and reverently treated each other all their lives. However, the environment treated the empress negatively, suspecting that the autocrat was too dependent on his wife;
3. There were four daughters in the family of Nicholas - Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and the youngest son Alexei was born - a possible heir to the throne. Unlike strong and healthy sisters, Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia. This meant that the boy could die from any scratch.

Why was the Romanov family shot?

Nikolai made several fatal mistakes, which as a result led to a tragic end:

• The first ill-conceived oversight of Nikolai is considered a crush on the Khodynka field. In the first days of his reign, people went to Khodynskaya Square for gifts promised by the new emperor. As a result, pandemonium began, more than 1200 people died. Nicholas remained indifferent to this event until the end of all the events dedicated to his coronation, which lasted for several more days. The people did not forgive him for such behavior and called him Bloody;
• During his reign, there were many strife and contradictions in the country. The emperor understood that it was necessary to urgently take measures in order to raise the patriotism of the Russians and unite them. Many believe that it was for this purpose that the Russo-Japanese War was unleashed, which as a result was lost, and Russia lost part of its territory;
• After the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, on the square in front of the Winter Palace, without the knowledge of Nicholas, the military shot people who had gathered for a rally. This event was called in history - "Bloody Sunday";
• First world war The Russian state also entered carelessly. The conflict began in 1914 between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. The sovereign considered it necessary to stand up for the Balkan state, as a result of which, Germany stood up to defend Austria-Hungary. The war dragged on, which ceased to suit the military.

As a result, a provisional government was created in Petrograd. Nicholas knew about the mood of the people, but could not take any decisive action and signed a paper about his abdication.

The Provisional Government placed the family under arrest, first in Tsarskoe Selo, and then they were exiled to Tobolsk. After the Bolsheviks came to power in October 1917, the whole family was moved to Yekaterinburg and, by decision of the Bolshevik Council executed to prevent a return to royal power.

The remains of the royal family in our time

After the execution, all the remains were collected and transported to the mines of Ganina Yama. It was not possible to burn the bodies, so they were thrown into the mine shafts. The next day, the villagers found the bodies floating at the bottom of the flooded mines and it became clear that a reburial was necessary.

The remains were again loaded into the car. However, having driven off a little, she fell into the mud in the area of ​​the Porosenkov Log. There they buried the dead, dividing the ashes into two parts.

The first part of the bodies was discovered in 1978. However, due to the long obtaining of permission for excavations, it was possible to get to them only in 1991. Two bodies, presumably Maria and Alexei, were found in 2007 a little further from the road.

Over the years, many modern, high-tech examinations have been carried out by different groups of scientists to determine the involvement of the remains in the royal family. As a result, genetic similarity was proven, but some historians and Russian scientists still do not agree with these results. Orthodox Church.

Now the relics are reburied in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

Living members of the genus

The Bolsheviks sought to exterminate as many representatives of the royal family as possible so that no one would even have the thought of returning to their former power. However, many managed to escape abroad.

In the male line, living descendants descend from the sons of Nicholas I - Alexander and Mikhail. There are also descendants in the female line, which originate from Ekaterina Ioannovna. Most of them do not live on the territory of our state. However, representatives of the genus have created and are developing public and charitable organizations that carry out their activities, including in Russia.

Thus, the Romanov family is a symbol of the bygone empire for our country. Many are still arguing about whether it is possible to revive imperial power in the country and whether it is worth it. Obviously, this page of our history has been turned over, and its representatives are buried with appropriate honors.

Video: the execution of the Romanov family

This video recreates the moment of the capture of the Romanov family and their further execution:

Exactly one hundred years have passed since the death of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II and his family. In 1918, on the night of July 16-17, the royal family was shot. We talk about life in exile and the death of the Romanovs, disputes about the authenticity of their remains, the version of the “ritual” murder, and why the Russian Orthodox Church canonized the royal family as a saint.

CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

What happened to Nicholas II and his family before death?

After abdicating the throne, Nicholas II turned from a tsar into a prisoner. The last milestones in the life of the royal family are house arrest in Tsarskoe Selo, exile in Tobolsk, imprisonment in Yekaterinburg, writes TASS. The Romanovs were subjected to many humiliations: the soldiers of the guard were often rude, introduced household restrictions, the correspondence of the prisoners was looked through.

During his life in Tsarskoye Selo, Alexander Kerensky forbade Nikolai and Alexandra to sleep together: the spouses were allowed to see each other only at the table and speak to each other exclusively in Russian. True, this measure did not last long.

In the house of Ipatiev, Nicholas II wrote in his diary that only an hour was allowed to walk a day. When asked to explain the reason, they replied: "To make it look like a prison regime."

Where, how and who killed the royal family?

The royal family and their entourage were shot in Yekaterinburg in the basement of the house of mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, RIA Novosti reports. Together with Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna died, their children - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, Tsarevich Alexei, as well as the life doctor Evgeny Botkin, valet Alexei Trupp, room girl Anna Demidova and cook Ivan Kharitonov.

The commandant of the House of Special Purpose, Yakov Yurovsky, was entrusted with organizing the execution. After the execution, all the bodies were transferred to a truck and taken out of Ipatiev's house.

Why was the royal family canonized?

In 1998, in response to a request from the Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, Vladimir Solovyov, the senior prosecutor-criminalist in charge of the investigation of the Main Investigation Department of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, replied that “the circumstances of the death of the family indicate that the actions of persons involved in the direct execution of the sentence (choosing the place of execution, teams, murder weapons, burial sites, manipulations with corpses), were determined by random circumstances, ”quotes“, it is said that the twins of the royal family could have been shot in the Ipatiev house. In the Meduza publication, Ksenia Luchenko refutes this version:

This is out of the question. On January 23, 1998, the Prosecutor General's Office submitted to the government commission headed by Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov a detailed report on the results of an investigation into the circumstances of the death of the royal family and people from her entourage.<…>And the general conclusion was unequivocal: everyone died, the remains were identified correctly.

On the night of July 16-17, 1918 in the city of Yekaterinburg, in the basement of the house of mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, their children - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, the heir Tsarevich Alexei, as well as the life medical doctor Evgeny Botkin, valet Alexei Trupp, room girl Anna Demidova and cook Ivan Kharitonov.

The last Russian emperor, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II), ascended the throne in 1894 after the death of the emperor's father. Alexander III and ruled until 1917, until the situation in the country became more complicated. On March 12 (February 27, old style), 1917, an armed uprising began in Petrograd, and on March 15 (March 2, old style), 1917, at the insistence of the Provisional Committee State Duma Nicholas II signed the abdication of the throne for himself and his son Alexei in favor of his younger brother Mikhail Alexandrovich.

After his abdication from March to August 1917, Nikolai and his family were under arrest in the Alexander Palace of Tsarskoye Selo. A special commission of the Provisional Government studied materials for the possible trial of Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on charges of treason. Not finding evidence and documents that clearly denounced them in this, the Provisional Government was inclined to deport them abroad (to Great Britain).

In August 1917, the arrested were transferred to Tobolsk. The main idea of ​​the Bolshevik leadership was an open trial of the former emperor. In April 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the Romanovs to Moscow. For judgment on former king Vladimir Lenin spoke out, it was supposed to make Leon Trotsky the main accuser of Nicholas II. However, information appeared about the existence of "White Guard plots" to kidnap the tsar, the concentration of "officers-conspirators" in Tyumen and Tobolsk for this purpose, and on April 6, 1918, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the royal family to the Urals. The royal family was moved to Yekaterinburg and placed in the Ipatiev house.

The uprising of the White Czechs and the offensive of the White Guard troops on Yekaterinburg accelerated the decision to execute the former tsar.

It was entrusted to the commandant of the House of Special Purpose Yakov Yurovsky to organize the execution of all members of the royal family, Dr. Botkin and the servants who were in the house.

© Photo: Museum of the History of Yekaterinburg

The execution scene is known from investigative protocols, from the words of participants and eyewitnesses, and from the stories of direct perpetrators. Yurovsky spoke about the execution of the royal family in three documents: "Note" (1920); "Memoirs" (1922) and "Speech at a meeting of old Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg" (1934). All the details of this atrocity, transmitted by the main participant at different times and under completely different circumstances, agree on how the royal family and its servants were shot.

According to documentary sources, it is possible to establish the time of the beginning of the murder of Nicholas II, members of his family and their servants. The car that delivered the last order to destroy the family arrived at half past two in the night from July 16 to 17, 1918. After that, the commandant ordered the life doctor Botkin to wake the royal family. It took the family about 40 minutes to get ready, then she and the servants were transferred to the semi-basement of this house, overlooking Voznesensky Lane. Nicholas II carried Tsarevich Alexei in his arms, because he could not walk due to illness. At the request of Alexandra Feodorovna, two chairs were brought into the room. She sat on one, on the other Tsarevich Alexei. The rest lined up along the wall. Yurovsky led the firing squad into the room and read the sentence.

This is how Yurovsky himself describes the execution scene: “I suggested that everyone stand up. Everyone stood up, occupying the entire wall and one of the side walls. The room was very small. Nikolai stood with his back to me. Urala decided to shoot them. Nikolai turned and asked. I repeated the order and commanded: "Shoot." I fired the first shot and killed Nikolai on the spot. The firing lasted a very long time and, despite my hopes that wooden wall will not ricochet, bullets bounced off it. For a long time I could not stop this shooting, which had taken on a careless character. But when I finally managed to stop, I saw that many were still alive. For example, Dr. Botkin was lying, leaning on his elbow right hand, as if in the pose of a rester, finished him off with a revolver shot. Alexei, Tatyana, Anastasia and Olga were also alive. Demidova was also alive. Tov. Ermakov wanted to finish the job with a bayonet. But, however, it did not work. The reason became clear later (the daughters were wearing diamond shells like bras). I had to shoot each one in turn."

After the statement of death, all the corpses began to be transferred to the truck. At the beginning of the fourth hour, at dawn, the corpses of the dead were taken out of the Ipatiev house.

The remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra Feodorovna, Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia Romanov, as well as those from their entourage, who were shot in the House of Special Purpose (Ipatiev House), were discovered in July 1991 near Yekaterinburg.

On July 17, 1998, the remains of members of the royal family were buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

In October 2008, the presidium Supreme Court The Russian Federation has decided to rehabilitate the Russian Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family. The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia also decided to rehabilitate members of the imperial family - the Grand Dukes and Princes of the Blood, who were executed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution. The servants and close associates of the royal family, who were executed by the Bolsheviks or were subjected to repression, were rehabilitated.

In January 2009, the Main Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation stopped investigating the case on the circumstances of the death and burial of the last Russian emperor, members of his family and people from his entourage, who were shot in Yekaterinburg on July 17, 1918, "due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for bringing to criminal liability and death of the persons who committed the deliberate murder" (subparagraphs 3 and 4 of part 1 of article 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR).

On January 15, 2009, the investigator issued a decision to dismiss the criminal case, but on August 26, 2010, the judge of the Basmanny District Court of Moscow decided, in accordance with Article 90 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, to recognize this decision as unfounded and ordered to eliminate the violations committed. On November 25, 2010, the decision of the investigation to dismiss this case was canceled by the Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee.

On January 14, 2011, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation announced that the decision was brought in accordance with the court decision and the criminal case on the death of representatives of the Russian Imperial House and persons from their entourage in 1918-1919 was terminated. Identification of the remains of members of the family of the former Russian Emperor Nicholas II (Romanov) and persons from his retinue has been confirmed.

On October 27, 2011, the decision to close the investigation into the case of the execution of the royal family was. The ruling on 800 pages contains the main conclusions of the investigation and indicates the authenticity of the discovered remains of the royal family.

However, the question of authentication still remains open. The Russian Orthodox Church, in order to recognize the found remains as the relics of the royal martyrs, the Russian Imperial House supports the position of the Russian Orthodox Church in this matter. The director of the Chancellery of the Russian Imperial House emphasized that genetic expertise is not enough.

The Church canonized Nicholas II and his family and on July 17 celebrates the feast day of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources