How to equip a winter garden in a private house - we reveal all the nuances. How to equip a cozy winter garden in your own house We attach a winter garden to the house

So the warm days are over. Autumn came with dampness and bad weather. Little by little the garden becomes sad, it loses its joyful colors. And we begin to miss the warm summer days full of bright greenery. But there is an opportunity to extend the summer for the whole year - to make a winter garden in a private house. Like all "magic and miraculous" it is not cheap and will require the help of specialists. And in order to make the right decision whether you need a "piece of summer" in winter, let's take a closer look at the complexity of the issue.

The history of winter gardens begins in the 16th century, but then they were just greenhouses for the cultivation of exotic plants. Only in the 18th century the design of the winter garden changed, it became a place of rest, fountains were placed there, comfortable furniture was arranged, and exotic birds were settled. In all the rich estates, they tried to equip such a "corner of paradise".

Now the fashion for winter gardens is back. After all, the rapid pace of modern life forces a person to look for a place where you can relax, be alone with nature, feel harmony and peace.

Do not confuse a winter garden with a greenhouse or greenhouse. The greenhouse is intended only for growing plants in comfortable conditions for them, and a place where a special microclimate is created for exotic specimens. But in these rooms, unlike the winter garden, only plants are comfortable, and a person can stay there for a very short time.

Features of the arrangement of winter gardens

Starting the construction of a winter garden, you need to decide on its location and type of construction.

It can be an independent structure, which should be combined with the general landscape design of the estate. But this option is rarely chosen, since there is no direct connection with the living quarters, which can cause some inconvenience.

Most often, a constructive solution for a winter garden is:

1. Integrated into the house (built-in) - penetrating into the interior of the building. This type of winter garden is laid down at the design stage and is built together with a residential building. It can be integration into the depth of the house, or maybe in height - a two-story solution.
2. Adjacent to the house is the most common option, since the desire to build a winter garden with your own hands most often comes after the construction of a residential building. This connection can be of several types:

• • Adjacent to the house on one side (with a shed, gable or four-beam roof).
  • Attached to the corner of the building (external or internal).
  • Superstructure over the house.

When choosing the location of the winter garden, it is imperative to take into account its orientation to the cardinal points.

North. When placing the garden on this side, you should know that heat will accumulate weakly and quickly be consumed, this will require more intense heating and long-term illumination.

South. In winter, heat will accumulate here well, but in the warm season, plants may suffer from overheating and additional cooling ventilation, watering and protection from sunlight will be required.

West. The heat on this side will be very good, but in summer you will need protection from solar activity (blinds, roller shutters, awnings).

East. This direction is considered to be the best. On this side, there is enough solar heat and light, and the morning sun, even in summer, is not very aggressive.

A characteristic feature of all types of conservatories is the maximum glazing (facade walls and even roofs). In this regard, it is very important to make the correct calculations for the structure, be sure to take into account the loads from strong gusts of wind, snow pressure. In such a matter, creating a winter garden in a private house with your own hands, you cannot do without the help of specialists. In addition, you need to provide adequate protection against overheating or cold, sufficient light transmission, protection from bad weather.

The winter garden should have an area of ​​at least 15 square meters, and a height of at least 3 m. The roof must have a slope of 20-45 degrees, this will provide optimal penetration of sunlight for plants, and avoid the accumulation of snow and stagnant rainwater.

The basis of the structure is a frame (frame) into which light-transmitting glass or polycarbonate elements are inserted. Such a structure is located on a strip concrete foundation.

So that during the construction of the winter garden there is no distortion of the structure as a result of curvature or cracks in the foundation, it is important to know how deeply the soil freezes. The foundation should be at least 0.5 m deep, in addition, it should be laid 15-20 cm below the level of soil freezing.

It is also necessary to make the correct drainage. It is already provided for glass roofs in ready-made structures. The threshold should be at least 15 cm higher than the ground level; if this is not possible, then a drainage groove should be dug in front of the threshold, which should then be covered with a metal grate.

Frame materials

Conducting the construction of a winter garden, traditionally aluminum, wood, steel, PVC, and a combination of these materials are used to form the frame.

Nowadays, winter gardens made of aluminum profiles are especially popular. This material is durable, lightweight, resistant to negative weathering, corrosion and fire. Any size structure can be made of aluminum. The color of the aluminum profile is traditionally white, but it can be painted with a special paint in any shade. The thermal insulation of aluminum is improved with polyurethane foam. Aluminum conservatories have a high price - this is their main drawback.

Plastic profiles are much cheaper than aluminum ones, and the thermal insulation of such a frame is much higher. But they are weaker withstand loads and are susceptible to temperature extremes. To avoid deformation, PVC structures are reinforced with metal inserts. But even after that, when building large winter gardens, plastic structures are not used. To reduce the load, polycarbonate is inserted into such frames instead of glass.

You can make a frame for a winter garden from quality wood. This material is durable, environmentally friendly, expressive, creates a warm and cozy atmosphere. But it is quite expensive, heavy, needs regular care and careful protection from various atmospheric influences. Often, aluminum profile strips are used for external protection of wooden frames. When building a small winter garden with your own hands, you should not use wood for the frame, since the massiveness of such a frame will reduce the amount of light entering the room and will look bulky.

Steel frame structures are distinguished by high strength, fire resistance, modern technologies have made them completely resistant to the harmful effects of natural phenomena. But such structures are very heavy and have a low level of thermal insulation (they need additional insulation).

As you can see, each of the named materials has its positive and negative sides. For this reason, greenhouse frame manufacturers often combine these materials. A winter garden made of aluminum profiles using wood will be very successful. Wood retains heat well and creates comfort, while aluminum protects it from atmospheric influences.

Steel rods or inserts reinforce the plastic structure. And the combination of steel elements with an aluminum profile makes volumetric structures with large spans reliable and strong.

The garden has been known to people since the era of the most ancient civilizations. Most often, however, these were open gardens. Winter Garden -…

Features of glazing of winter gardens

The glazing of the winter garden is a very important stage in construction, since most of the entire structure must be glass. Based on the features of such a design and its purpose, the material must provide a number of important requirements:

• let in a lot of daylight;
• have good thermal insulation;
• be soundproof;
• protect from various natural influences (snow, rain, hail, wind, active solar radiation);
• be durable and safe;
• have an aesthetic appearance.

There are many types of glass with various additional properties, namely: sun-protection, colored, energy-saving, reinforced, laminated, covered with a special film, and others. Therefore, by glazing the winter garden, you can choose the one suitable for each specific type of building, its purpose, climatic zone and other conditions.

Coping with the problems of sound insulation and heat preservation, an ideal solution was found - double-glazed windows with energy-saving glasses (best of all, two-chamber). There is an inert gas with a very low thermal conductivity inside the glass unit.

The glazing of the winter garden has one important principle: the larger the span, the thicker the glass should be.

For side (vertical) surfaces, shatterproof glass is preferable, but for the roof, the glazing should be even more durable, reliable and safe. In such double-glazed windows, tempered glass is used on the outside, and its inner side is made of impact-resistant triplex (triple laminated glass).

If desired, the glasses can be given a certain color - this will add a decorative touch to the design of the winter garden. Glass can be made mirrored (or tinted) to protect from the scorching sun in the summer heat or from prying eyes. If available in the winter garden, electrically heated double-glazed windows are installed. And for the glazing of the roof, which is difficult to care for, a novelty is well suited - self-cleaning glass.

If financial possibilities permit, then a very interesting solution would be to use glass with variable transparency. "Smart Glass" has collected the best qualities of modern glazing materials. Its main disadvantage is the high price.

A good alternative to glass is a polycarbonate winter garden. Cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 10-25 mm is a relatively inexpensive, but at the same time strong, shock-resistant, flexible and lightweight material. It has more thermal insulation than glass.

Polycarbonate is:

• Transparent. The most widely used type of this material.
• Matt. Weakly transmits light, therefore it is used in places with increased solar activity.
• Dark. Transmits very little light, creates twilight. In a winter garden, only small decorative inserts can be made of this type of polycarbonate, emphasizing the design intent.

In addition, polycarbonate can be of different colors, which also allows you to make the glazing of the winter garden very original.

But polycarbonate also has some disadvantages:

1. In dark, shaded areas, polycarbonate turns green (microscopic algae appear from dampness).
2. It gets dirty quickly, rubbed out, and after prolonged use (after 10 years) it begins to turn yellow.
3. Slightly lower density than glass.

When creating a polycarbonate winter garden, one should take into account all its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, experts advise using this material for the roof, and glass for the walls.

Creating the right climate: heating, ventilation, lighting

Arrangement of the frame and glazing of the winter garden is only half the battle. Now you need to create suitable conditions for the development of plants and human recreation, that is, a comfortable microclimate.

In the cold season, if the glazing was done correctly, the sun's rays will penetrate through the glass and heat the objects located there (for example, furniture, floor) and this heat will accumulate. But it will not be enough and additional heating will be needed. But in the summer, the penetrating sun rays will no longer carry heat, but a very strong increase in air temperature, which can adversely affect plants and human health. This is where you need to think about shading. And, of course, at any time of the year, ventilation is very important for a comfortable microclimate.

Let's take a closer look at all the components of comfort in the winter garden.

Heating

The heat accumulated from the sun's rays and coming from the residential building through the doorway will clearly not be enough in the winter. When choosing options for additional heating, you should take into account the size of the winter garden, what types of plants will be there (for example, tropical ones require a higher temperature), will you go there only to care for the plants, or will it become a resting place.

The types of heating can be different and each of them has positive and negative sides:

Stove heating. Firewood and coal are not very expensive. In addition, the stove can create an interesting decoration for the winter garden. But such heating requires constant attention and is fire hazardous. And the inability to regulate the heating temperature can be detrimental to the plants.

Electric heaters. They can be easily carried to any place, there is no need to specially install them, the heating temperature can be adjusted. However, such heaters dry up the air a lot and consume a lot of electricity, which is unprofitable financially.

Conditioners and UFOs. Such heaters do not dry out the air, but they are expensive in terms of electricity consumption, in addition, the equipment itself is also expensive.

Steam heating. By equipping a winter garden with radiators and connecting them to a home heating system, you will eliminate temperature differences between rooms, and get relatively inexpensive heat. In this option, the costs and some difficulties will be during installation and cutting into the overall system.

- "Warm floor". This system can be electric or with a heat transfer fluid. This heating has many advantages. The main one is the correct distribution of heat. But the arrangement of a warm floor is quite expensive; this should be done at the stage of construction of a winter garden. In addition, the repair of such a system is difficult.

Often, choosing the best heating option, they combine several types.

Ventilation

Furniture placed in the conservatory and tall plants disrupt the circulation of warm air, as well as the difference between outside and inside temperatures contributes to the formation of condensation and "stagnant zones". Therefore, it is very important to make ventilation.

At any time of the year, it is impossible to create a comfortable microclimate without proper ventilation in the winter garden. Following the laws of physics, warm air is at the top and cold air is at the bottom. Based on this law, the ventilation system is equipped. It can be of two types: natural and forced.

Natural ventilation is achieved by opening equipped vents or transoms at the top and bottom of the room.

But for this type of ventilation to be effective, several conditions are necessary:

• the height of the room is not less than 2.5 m;
• open sash area at least 15% of the entire glazing area;
• the temperature difference is not less than 5 degrees.

The disadvantages of this system include the need to equip open openings with mosquito nets, the threat of penetration, the inability to open the vents in bad weather.

Forced or mechanical ventilation consists of supply and exhaust units. A technical device is placed in the inlet opening, and a fan in the exhaust outlet. According to the principle of placing these units, forced ventilation is of two types:

1.The hood is installed on the ridge of the roof, and the air inlets (most often two) in the lower part of the front wall. In this case, the natural airflow direction is used.

2. Transverse ventilation implies the arrangement of nodes on the opposite side walls of the building, and the exhaust opening must always be higher than the supply opening, and the distance between the nodes should not exceed 6 m.

The disadvantages of modern mechanical ventilation systems are significant energy consumption and the need for maintenance.

Progress is moving forward and by now the very idea of ​​creating a summer shower for a heated summer cottage does not look scary….

Lighting

Light is vital for plants, so in winter and cloudy days, they need additional lighting. Lighting in the winter garden should be as close to natural as possible, it is also necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the plants located there.

It is important to choose the right lamps for the winter garden, because lighting in this type of garden is primarily functional rather than decorative.

Incandescent lamps do not have blue rays important for plants in their spectrum, and they also emit a lot of heat, which can lead to leaf burns. Therefore, they are not suitable for a winter garden.

Fluorescent lamps of blue-blue increased spectrum are more suitable option, but they are very sensitive to voltage fluctuations and flicker constantly. This negatively affects people's eyes and reduces lamp life. When using them, light-limiting caps must be used.

Metal halide lamps are representatives of gas discharge lamps, small in size but with very high luminous efficiency. They have a radiation spectrum close to natural. Suitable for very large rooms.

High pressure sodium lamps give a lot of light. Their reddish emission spectrum has a beneficial effect on root formation and flowering. These lamps are manufactured with a built-in reflector. They are recommended for use with metal halide lamps to balance the spectrum.

Metal halide lamps are ideal for plant illumination. They have an improved radiation spectrum, high power. However, they have a high price tag.

Phytolamps are specially designed for plant illumination. There are fluorescent and energy-saving LEDs. However, they are not suitable for lighting the recreation area in the conservatory.

Plant lamps are best used with mirrored bulbs (reflectors) - they prevent light from scattering and direct it towards the plants.

The placement of the lamps must be carefully considered. The main rule is that there should be at least 20 cm between the lamp and the plant.

Of course, in addition to plant lighting, general and decorative lighting should be present in the winter garden, as well as local lighting for recreation areas.

Protection against strong solar radiation

Protection from strong solar radiation is also a very important issue. If in winter the plants need to be warmed up and additionally illuminated, then in summer the effect is the opposite - the plants must be protected from overheating and active solar flux.

In this matter, glazing of winter gardens with "smart glasses" would be a very good solution. But since this is not available to everyone, and such glass will not completely solve the problem, we will consider other options for protection.

The winter garden can be protected from overheating and excessive sunlight both from the inside and outside.

External remedies are more effective. But these are expensive structures that require special installation and durable, weather-resistant materials with a reflective surface. Most often these are systems of vertical curtains, awnings, awnings. Awnings, creating a shade, do not interfere with admiring the beauty of the surrounding nature. The fabric on such awnings does not heat up and protects the walls of buildings from heating. When creating a winter garden with your own hands, you can use natural barriers as means of external protection from the scorching sun - tall, spreading trees and shrubs, dense weaving plants. This will not only create shading, but also brighten the facade.

Internal protections are less effective, but much cheaper and easier to install. These are various curtains and blinds made of fabric, plastic, thin wood, bamboo. Do not use aluminum blinds, as they quickly heat up and give off heat to the room. Internal protective equipment performs not only a practical function, but is an excellent decorative element when decorating a winter garden, creating a cozy atmosphere in the room.

Rooftop winter garden

The area of ​​the personal plot does not always allow making a winter garden in the form of an extension or a separate structure. In such a situation, the solution would be a winter garden on the roof of a private house. It can be the roof of not only a house, but also a garage or other room. An important point that requires careful verification is how strong the foundation of the building is and whether it will withstand the additional load. Be sure to take into account the possibility of carrying out the necessary communications in the winter garden on the roof.

For installation on the roof, you should choose a winter garden made of aluminum profiles. Since this is a fairly light material (it is advisable to minimize the additional load on the foundation). The frame is assembled and painted on the ground.

Glazing of this type of winter gardens is also carried out on the ground. Glass or polycarbonate is used as materials. The glass is always transparent, denser and more resistant to rubbing. The main advantage of polycarbonate in arranging a winter garden on the roof is its lightness and good thermal insulation properties. But any of the selected glazing materials must necessarily be covered with a film that reflects ultraviolet radiation.

The structure of the winter garden, completely assembled on the ground, is installed at the top of the house. Then they proceed to the installation of communications. The rooftop conservatory also needs heating, ventilation and shading.

Ventilation in this case is natural enough with the required number of openable transoms. Shading is only available internally. The best heating option would be to arrange a warm floor.

As a winter garden on the roof of the house, you can use an anti-aircraft lantern (a dome consisting of a frame and glass). Skylights can even be installed on inclined roofs with any angle of inclination. The variety of their forms is almost limitless.

We tried to figure out in stages how to make a winter garden in a private house. Of course, this is a complex and costly process. But a wonderful green oasis is able to bring calmness and balance to your soul, drive away the blues and despondency, give strength and vivacity. Taking care of your favorite plants or relaxing in the middle of greenery and flowers, you will receive a sea of ​​positive energy, then it will become clear that all the efforts to build a winter garden were not in vain.

Keeping the summer in one separate corner of your own home is a troublesome undertaking, but worth it! From the outside, the winter garden seems to be a beautiful toy for the owners, a whim that emphasizes status. In fact, this is a zone of high-quality rest, restoration of mental and physical comfort, mental balance. In practice, it is a serious engineering solution that requires a competent approach. However, even the very process of planning and landscaping this green corner is already a joy from the fact that children's dreams of eternal summer come true.

A greenhouse or, in a simplified version, a greenhouse is, as a rule, a free-standing room, focused on the cultivation of certain crops (for example, tomatoes, oranges, ornamental plants). The greenhouse can be adjacent to the house and located on the roof, and its purpose is, in fact, the same - to protect plants from cold and other unfavorable natural factors. However, its main task is to create a special microclimate for grown crops, to maintain optimal climatic conditions precisely for their better development and fruiting. It is physically difficult for a person to be in such conditions for a long time.

As for the winter garden, its microclimate is rationally oriented towards a person, towards his positive state of health. At the same time, it is also selected in such a way that ornamental plants with a rather "complex character" feel good in it. In fact, it is an artificially created landscape based on a collection of plants within its own living space.

The winter garden may well combine additional functional loads - a green living room, a pool, etc.

Orientation to the cardinal points

This issue is one of the key and must be resolved competently and accurately, taking into account the design of the house.

East

The most optimal option, allowing you to maintain a given microclimate, since in the daytime the sun will not overheat the room through the glass.

West

The advantage of this arrangement is comfortable night temperatures, since the heat accumulated during the day does not go away immediately.

South

In this case, you will have to take care not to allow daytime overheating. It will require the arrangement of sufficiently powerful ventilation and the provision of abundant watering. But the heat will last for a long time, and the climate will be truly tropical.

North

Worst case and generally a bad idea. Even with a well-equipped heating system, plants will not have enough light. The heat will build up quickly and leave even faster. Permissible in the most extreme case with a system of additional lighting with phytolamps.

Varieties of designs

It is customary to divide them into two large groups, since each of them makes significant adjustments to design and construction:

• freestanding;
• closely adjacent to a residential building (or located on its roof).

They have many varieties in shape, we will list the most common.

In fact, each house has its own design features, and there can be much more options for the forms of extensions. You can order ready-made designs, or you can create your own options, for example, we combine two ready-made solutions into one.

The optimum angle of inclination of the roof is about 30º. On the one hand, it will ensure the flow of water and the sliding of snow, on the other, it will be able to provide a sufficient amount of light. To avoid deformation and snow breakage, it is recommended to equip it with an anti-icing system.

Types of light-transmitting materials

For cladding the frame with light-transmitting panels, the modern market offers the following materials.

Glass

A popular option for all types of all-season plant growing rooms.

Good:

• transmits up to 98% of the sun's rays - this is the maximum indicator;
• high bearing capacity;
• fast heat dissipation;
• transparency, which enhances visual contrast.

Badly:

• high price;
• complex processing requiring professional skill;
• fragility.

The cost can be reduced due to the smaller thickness of the glass used, and the strength can be increased by reducing the area of ​​its individual parts and strengthening the frame structure.

Polycarbonate

A relatively recent innovative development that is rapidly gaining popularity.

Good:

Badly:

• flammability, high degree of fire hazard;
• transparency is significantly inferior to glass;
• a high rate of thermal expansion (it is greatly shortened in the cold, in the heat it increases the area);
• without special protection from ultraviolet radiation, it becomes cloudy, cracked and quickly deteriorates;
• easy to scratch (snow caking must not be allowed);
• strongly reflects the sun's rays; in winter, there may be a lack of heat and light.

Double-glazed windows

The advantages and disadvantages are obvious here. These are the best indicators of reliability, quality and performance, but the highest cost.

Different types of glass for the manufacture of insulating glass can be used: energy-saving, reflective, so-called. float glass and multifunctional options.

Frame materials

It is important that the structure is stable, durable, translucent, ethereal (visually light). It must withstand overheating, cooling, other atmospheric conditions and largely resist mechanical stress. The most common building structures are the following frames.

• Metal-plastic... It keeps heat well, has good sound insulation. These indicators can be improved by using additional built-in cameras.
• Plastic... UV and moisture resistant, good sound and heat insulation. The disadvantage is the low load-bearing capacity, which sometimes requires reinforcement with metal profiles.
• Aluminum profile... It resists weather conditions well, does not rust, does not allow condensation to pass through, does not need painting, and is easy to clean. But the heat and sound insulation will be worse.
• Wood... It is used less often due to the high cost of high-quality finishes, susceptibility to decay and fragility. In addition, wooden structures "play" with changes in temperature and humidity.
• All-glass partitions... They are not cheap, but they look very impressive, creating the appearance of a transparent lock. Fastening is done using hardware, assembly is done quickly and without significant restrictions. Doors can be made in any version: folding, sliding or swing.
• Steel structures... They are used when it is necessary to withstand high bearing loads. However, they are prone to corrosion and are heavy.

Thermal calculations

The future heating option must be calculated at the zero stage of construction and take into account a number of parameters, including the location on the cardinal points, materials used, climatic conditions, additional functional purpose of the room and much more.

Consider the pros and cons of the most commonly used heating systems.

Electric heaters

Advantages:

• Can be moved as needed to different areas of the room.
• Adjustable power.
• Simple operation.

Disadvantages:

• Deterioration of air humidity indicators.
• The high cost of both the equipment and its power supply.

U FO and Split systems

Advantages:

• Heating occurs quickly and evenly.
• Adjustable temperature regime.
• Does not reduce air humidity.

Disadvantages:

• Price.
• High consumption of electricity.

Water heating

Pros:

• Stable heat mode.
• Lack of temperature differences in relation to the rest of the premises.

Minuses:

• The need to attract specialists for installation, welding, etc.

Warm floor

Apart from the high cost and technical difficulties of laying in already built premises, this is an ideal option.

In addition to a stable and evenly distributed air temperature, additional heating of the soil and the root system of plants is provided. In addition, the water in the irrigation system is heated and the risk of icing on the walls and roof is minimized.

The combination of several heating options will create optimal conditions and reduce current energy costs.

Ventilation

Arrangement of ventilation is necessary to eliminate condensation due to vapors and high room humidity. When using natural ventilation (vents, transoms, air vents, etc.), it is necessary to take into account the proximity of thermophilic plants and the movement of air - most of them are afraid of drafts. Artificial ventilation can be provided by various supply and exhaust systems, the arrangement and laying of which must be thought out at the design stage.

Lighting

Even in galleries specially built from light-transmitting materials, natural light is not always enough. Winter time, cloudy weather, fogging - all this significantly worsens this indicator, so it is advisable to supplement natural lighting with artificial lighting. Among all the variety of artificial lighting sources, preference should be given to one type - fluorescent lamps of the so-called daylight. With low heat transfer, they provide high luminous flux rates and are at the same time classified as energy-saving equipment.

Recently, you can buy special phytolamps of the same principle of action. Their advantage is that they stimulate plant photosynthesis!

Irrigation system

If the owner of the winter garden is not particularly pleased to personally monitor the watering and walk on it every day with a watering can (for many it is really a great pleasure), it is necessary to provide for a forced drip irrigation system.

The winter garden in the house is a composition of all kinds of plants, combined with each other in a special way. They are located in a pre-designated place, which, as a rule, is structurally fully suited to the design of the entire room.

Usually, a winter garden is a resting place, respectively, when arranging it, it is imperative to provide a place for chairs, a table, armchairs and other furnishings. The ideal option is to use wicker furniture that tolerates high humidity.

Winter garden with wicker furniture

In the event that the garden is intended, for the most part, for receiving guests, then a smaller part of the space should be left for the plants. If you are going to grow certain types of plants in it, then you need to take into account the temperature regime, the level of humidity and illumination necessary for the good development of these plants.

After you have determined what kind of functional purpose your garden will carry, it is time to choose a suitable room for it and start preparatory work, which includes the arrangement of irrigation, heating and ventilation systems.

Winter garden located outside the house

One of the most popular location options is the arrangement of a winter garden in glass annexes to the house, which are connected to the rooms through arches, doors and galleries. You can often find other options: a winter garden scheme in the form of a circle or a polyhedron, a two-façade winter garden, which is placed outside the perimeter of the house and is arranged at the corner of the building, etc. The design, functionality of the garden and the choice of plants may vary depending on which side of the house it is located on.

If the winter garden is located on the south side of the house, then you need to think about the possibility of shading it by installing special shading devices, since in summer, even the most light-loving plants, can get various burns. One of the important points that will serve as a good protection of plants from overheating is the shade of the glass used. The ideal option would be glass in a delicate emerald hue, which will weaken the effects of too strong sunlight.

A winter garden in a private house on the north side is good if it is supposed to carry out any work. Sunlight in this case will be diffused and soft, but the heat may not be enough, so you need to take care of arranging an additional heating system in advance. With this arrangement, it is recommended to give preference to orange or warm yellow glass shades, which will enhance the effect of sunlight.

If you decide to create a winter garden in a private house, then we congratulate you! Regardless of whether you live in a village or in a big city, this way you fill your life with joyful and pleasant moments. Fill your winter garden with exotic plants, make an additional living room out of it - at any time of the year you will be in harmony with nature. Whether you are hiring builders or building your own winter garden, we have some good tips for you.

Natural stone walls add coziness to the winter garden

Glazing of the winter garden

The key point in creating a winter garden is, of course, glazing. Glass must certainly be insulated. When designing a roof, its slope plays an important role. Calculate how the sun's rays fall in winter: the roof should be at right angles to them. Then in winter you will be able to collect all the heat from the sun, and in summer - to hide from the scorching sun. Your garden will be kept at an optimal, comfortable temperature all year round.

Add a couple of fresh accents with furniture

Durability

Despite the fact that we are talking primarily about southern regions with mild winters, nevertheless pay attention to a very important point: cheap materials are not even considered here! The glass and movable mechanisms must be of the highest quality if you want to spend time in your winter garden all year round. For the choice of materials, we recommend contacting our partners: oknafdo.ru.

Enjoy a delicious breakfast or read a great book in this conservatory

Why not celebrate the New Year in the winter garden?

Winter garden decoration

Of course, the conservatory can be used to store plants during the winter. It can also be used as a greenhouse where you grow your own vegetables all year round. However, let's consider the option where the interior of the winter garden resembles a living room, where the whole family can gather, enjoy nature and fresh air at any time of the year and in any weather. In the first place - comfort and coziness! Use comfortable soft furnishings or pretty rattan garden furniture. Set up a comfortable table and don't forget the lamps. Thus, the sockets will be useful to you too.
Plants are, without a doubt, the soul of the conservatory. Fill the room with greenery. The very embodiment of comfort, a round full of flowering plants, your winter garden will become an oasis where you can fill with strength for new achievements!

Do you think the vine is an exclusively summer plant? Far from it!

Great idea: dining room in the winter garden

Glazed terrace as a winter garden

If you already have a wonderful veranda or terrace where you like to spend time in good weather, then why not glass it? A small family does not need a large winter garden, a glazed veranda is enough - a calm corner with fresh air where you can spend winter evenings.

Winter garden protected from the scorching sun

We publish for you photos of completely diverse, but, without a doubt, the best winter gardens and greenhouses.

Classic elegance in dark brown tones

House with attached glass veranda

Lounge style winter garden

Greenhouse - a green oasis

Large colonial-style winter garden

Little space? No problem!

A winter garden in a private house, apartment, dacha or balcony is a particle of summer all year round. The creation of a cozy place of beauty and relaxation implies the implementation of a serious engineering solution and requires scrupulousness at all stages, from the creation of the project to the implementation. Considering all the nuances, a home greenhouse will become a highlight of home ownership, and caring for it will become a favorite hobby. This article will help you to correctly design, create and equip a garden indoors.

A winter garden is a room with a specific purpose. Serves to accommodate exotic, indoor and thermophilic plants, requires special heating, water supply and lighting systems with the most rational use of natural solar heat and light. Usually it is a glass structure in a metal, aluminum, wooden or metal-plastic frame. It can be a continuation of the living room in the form of a terrace.

The winter garden is not a separate building, but an integral part of the house. It is protected from atmospheric influences (rain and wind) by a glass roof and walls.

The beauty and aroma of flowers have a positive effect on the human nervous system. The green zone serves a number of positive functions, in particular:

• enriches the room with oxygen;

• prevents dust from entering the dwelling;
• caring for plants becomes a useful and original hobby;
• the green zone is a territory of comfort, relaxation at any time of the year and in any weather.

Helpful advice! For the construction of a winter garden, it is not necessary to have a spacious house or yard. You can even create a cozy summer corner on the balcony or loggia of the apartment.

Winter garden in a private house:history of occurrence

The first winter garden appeared in the 4th millennium BC. Pictures depicting stone vases in the palaces of Ancient Egypt clearly testify to this. The followers of the Egyptians are the ancient Romans, who began to place mini-gardens on the windowsills. Wealthy owners of estates could afford a peristyle - a garden in the middle of a building, surrounded by columns.

Winter gardens reached Europe already in the 11th century. King Wilhelm of Holland set up a flower greenhouse in his palace. Soon, "orange houses" appeared - these are buildings where citrus fruits bloomed all year round.

The conservatory at Versailles from the time of Louis XIV is considered the most beautiful in history and has survived to this day. No less famous are the greenhouses of the Potsdam Palace Sanssouci. In the 18th century, citrus fruits replaced tropical plants. Winter gardens were considered a luxury until the 19th century, when Nathaniel Ward tried growing plants under a glass dome.

In 1854, the Englishman Joseph Paxton built the Crystal Palace, the prototype of a modern winter garden.

Today almost everyone can attach a winter garden to the house. It can also be placed on a balcony or terrace.

Winter garden and greenhouse in the house: similarities and differences

There are certain differences between a greenhouse, a greenhouse and a winter garden, despite the fact that these concepts are related. All premises have the same purpose in terms of plant cultivation in the intermediate zone between housing and open area. At the same time, the greenhouse and the greenhouse are independent buildings, and the winter garden is an integral part, a harmonious continuation of the living space.

Greenhouses, for the most part, have a temporary purpose for growing different types of crops in special conditions at a certain stage. From the photo of the greenhouse, it can be seen that this is a place for growing exotic varieties of plants, for example, orchids or citrus fruits. For this purpose, special climatic conditions with high humidity and temperature are created, which can be difficult for the physical condition of the human body. Long-term stay in them is uncomfortable and undesirable.

The main purpose of the winter garden at home is to give pleasure from the contemplation of the lush greenery of small trees, the beauty of bright flowers and their fragrance. The microclimate of the garden under glass is selected rationally, having a positive effect on both cultivated plants and the well-being of people. Such harmony can be created only if all the rules of construction and improvement are strictly observed.

Note! The winter garden should not be confused with a greenhouse, which is located outside the house and serves for growing seedlings of garden crops and flowers. A flower greenhouse differs from a garden in a tropical microclimate with high humidity and air temperature.

Winter garden in a private house: photo, varieties and features

A winter garden is a rather complex engineering and technical structure. The main feature of the future building is keeping plants in comfort, protection from frost and other negative environmental influences. Therefore, during the design, the following conditions must be observed:

• compliance with a constant temperature regime;

• constant air circulation;
• adequate lighting;
• optimal air humidity;
• sealed frame.

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The construction of the winter garden, regardless of where it is located, must be transparent, sufficiently illuminated, aesthetically designed, resistant to the influence of external factors.

The winter garden conventionally has several internal zones:

• communicative - performs a function that connects with the house. These are paths that lead to the house on one side and to the street on the other;

• recreational - part of the interior where furniture items are located for relaxation, meetings, meals;
• decorative - the main area where the plants are actually located;
• office - a place where inventory, fertilizers, access to communications are located.

There are many projects of houses with a winter garden, which imply their construction along with the main room, but glass extensions for growing plants are more popular.

Layout of the winter garden attached to the house

Before attaching a winter garden to a house, it is necessary to decide not only on the size and landscaping, but also on its location, so that all of the above conditions are met.

The most optimal side of the winter garden is the eastern side. The structure in this area will not overheat. Plants will receive the necessary solar energy from the cool morning sun.

The western side is also quite acceptable and successful, the second one is optimal. But such a placement project will succumb to excess heat, especially in summer, and therefore will require additional watering.

The south side is often considered the most suitable for a winter garden. This opinion is very misleading. The south of the house is an unsuitable area for arranging a winter garden. Direct sunlight, especially in summer, tends to overheat the plants. To avoid this, you will have to provide additional ventilation and watering. It should be noted that in winter, it is in the southern garden that the warmth is well and for a long time.

North. The garden on this side is placed only as an exception, when there is no other alternative. The accumulation of heat in this area is the smallest, therefore, an additional heating system should be taken care of. Sunlight will also be minimal. Therefore, shade-loving plants are planted in such a garden.

Helpful advice! It is possible to arrange a small winter garden on the loggia, even if it is located on the north side. Phytolamps will help to provide a sufficient amount of sunlight. Their service life is about two years, they are expensive, but they consume little electricity. At the same time, they perfectly help plants in the process of photosynthesis.

Winter garden attached to the house: photos, views, location

Depending on the function performed and its location, the winter garden has several types.

Buffer is a winter garden attached to the house in the form of a glazed terrace or veranda. Mini-option - vestibule or balcony.

A winter garden in a private house is a specially designated room or part of a room, fully or partially glazed. It can be a living room or a dining room.

The greenhouse at home is a non-residential extension with an artificial microclimate, where exotic plants are cultivated.

Rectangular conservatory annex to the house. This design is a versatile and most popular option. The building has a transparent pitched roof.

Angular. A green space can be created using an extension to the outer corner of the house.

Two-façade extension. This option implies an extension to the inner corner of the house. Another name for the extension is a quarter polygon with a combined four-beam or gable roof.

The three-façade design is the most efficient in terms of lighting. Three walls of the extension are glass, and the fourth is one of the walls of the main building.

The winter garden can be a structure adjacent to the house or a free-standing building connected by a corridor or glass passage to the main room. Each option affects the design and arrangement of heating, water supply and ventilation systems. For a complete presentation, you need to study in detail examples of different projects of houses with a winter garden. Photos clearly illustrate this variety.

Helpful advice! A veranda can be an ideal place for a winter garden in a country house. Its creation is quite simple and does not require a lot of investment. You just need to install ventilation and heating. Another simplified option is a winter garden on the roof, which makes it possible to save on the foundation, however, the frame and the roof will still have to be built. You also need to think about how to build a staircase.

Features of creationwinter garden project

There are more than a dozen projects for a winter garden attached to the house. Photos show their diversity:

1. Rectangular lean-to annex.
2. Rectangular lean-to annex with a break
3. The rectangular annex is gable.
4. A lean-to winter garden attached to the inner corner of the house.
5. A lean-to winter garden attached to the outer corner of the house.
6. A lean-to bay window extension to the outer corner.
7. Single-window corner lean-to building.
8. Single-slope double-window construction.
9. Shed single-window corner extension.
10. A gable winter garden with a bay window.

The roof of the lean-to annex has one roof slope with a minimum slope of 10 °. Builders recommend maintaining an angle of at least 25 °, and the most optimal one is 45 °. A gable roof, as a rule, has two slopes, block extensions - three or more roof slopes.

Projects of winter gardens in the form of gazebos are quite common, their classification depends on the number of faces and the method of extension:

• multifaceted;

• hex;
• triangular.

Winter garden design in a private house

The aesthetic function of the conservatory implies compliance with style. There are several of the most common style options for the winter garden.

Classic style. It implies the location of the greenhouse in a spacious room, with many plants that grow in the same climatic zone. Clear symmetry, austere design are the hallmarks of the classics. An element of decoration for such a garden can be parrots or canaries in cages or a pond with fish. Hemp, driftwood, stones, small trees serve as decor.

Japanese style. The presence of free space, good ventilation, brevity and asymmetry are the main distinguishing features of a Japanese winter garden. At the same time, the apparent external simplicity requires a professional approach to its creation.

Hi-tech. Exotic plants, clear geometry. Concrete, metal and combined materials are used in the design. Such a garden is a great addition to an office.

Modern. The style was popular at the turn of the millennium. Distinctive features are the clarity of lines, the presence of air space and a minimum of decor.

Before making a winter garden in a private house, you need to design it - this is a laborious and most crucial stage of creation, which includes:

1. Sketch stage. When creating a sketch, special design programs are used. The most popular of them are Solid Works, Auto Cad, Pro Ingeneer, 3Ds Max. The sketch shows the number of windows, transoms and hatches.
2. The creation of a project is a clear drawing of the schemes for the contiguity of the winter garden to the wall of the house, the dimensions of the structures and the intended material. Lighting, dimming, water supply and heating systems are planned. It is necessary to calculate the power of the racks and transoms.
3. At the design stage, drawings are directly drawn up, in accordance with which you can build a winter garden in a private house with your own hands.

Helpful advice! It is quite possible to build a winter garden with your own hands, having a detailed and detailed project, but it is better to entrust the creation of a project to experienced architects.

Step-by-step instructions for making a winter garden

How to make a winter garden - the best advice will be given by experts, since a professional approach requires not only design, but also installation. Guided by the advice, following the instructions clearly, you can get the desired result.

Depending on the location of the winter garden to the main room, calculations are made and materials are selected. The adjoining structure has no more than three common parts with the house. The extension being created should not reduce the thermal insulation characteristics of the main room, but, on the contrary, help to reduce heat loss. It depends on engineering calculations and materials.

The construction of a winter garden, in addition to the construction of the foundation and direct installation of the supporting structure, includes the following stages:

• glazing and insulation of the extension;

• installation of a heating system;
• installation of water supply and irrigation systems;
• electrical wiring and lighting;
• ventilation system equipment;
• installation of protection against excessive exposure to sunlight;
• selection of plants and garden decoration.

Foundation construction and frame installation

The foundation of the winter garden is the basis on which the strength and durability of the entire structure depends. The cost part can be one fifth of the total construction budget.

For such buildings, a shallow strip foundation is used. Ready-made reinforced or reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of more than 20 cm are suitable. The choice of depth is influenced by the composition of the soil, climate, relief.

The building frame can be purchased ready-made. Fortunately, the modern market offers many models. Installation does not take much time and effort, but you can't do it alone - you need support. Structural details are attached to special connections in the foundation.

Glazing of the winter garden in the house

Glass is one of the main materials used in the construction of a winter garden. Even when designing, it should be taken into account that this material is quite weighty and can create a certain load on the supporting structure, it is also enhanced by the effects of wind and snow.

The assumed loads at the joints are calculated according to the same method as for metal-plastic glass structures, where the post-transom serves as a connecting link of the load-bearing ones. Thermal characteristics correspond to the glazing of the living space. To compile the calculations, SNiP 2.01.07-85 is used, taking into account the changes of 05/29/2003.

The construction of a winter garden implies the presence of openwork supporting structures. This can become a problem, especially in regions with a temperate climate, where the temperature difference during the year is 50 ° C or more. Therefore, vertical supports must create resistance to heat transfer (Rwr, m 2 K / W) from 0.4 (SP 23-101-2004).

Such parameters have structures of single-chamber double-glazed windows, but they require the installation of a bearing brick support with a side of at least 230 cm, which can negatively affect the illumination. Combining wood and aluminum will help to solve the problem.

Additional insulation must be provided at the junction of the glass wall and the pitched roof.

Note! The roof requires special attention when glazing. Shed with one run - the most economical. When choosing a glass, you need to take into account the snow load in the region. The ramp angle is at least 20 degrees. It should be noted that slopes with transitions will create problems when snow melts.

Winter garden heating

Glass or polycarbonate can store enough heat for more than six months, from mid-spring to mid-autumn. In cold weather, you need to worry about efficient heating.

When choosing a heating method, it is necessary to take into account the size of the room and the type of plants grown. If this is a small greenhouse on the balcony, then a simple heater is enough, if the winter garden is in a private house, then you cannot do without a heating system.

You can heat the greenhouse in one of several ways.

Electric heaters. Convenient in terms of their mobility, ease of installation and use if necessary. At the same time, the operation leads to significant financial costs. Frequent use dries the air, which has a negative effect on plants.

UFO air conditioners and heaters. With their help, you can regulate the temperature without drying out the air, however, they are expensive to purchase and operate.

Hot water heating is often used to heat conservatories and terraces in a private house. Such a system involves connection to the main heating system, which allows you to maintain a constant temperature, without differences between living rooms and the garden. This terrace is a great place to relax. The location of heating pipes along the walls protects the walls and roof from icing.

By placing a "warm floor system" under the top covering, it is possible to significantly simplify the control over maintaining a stable air temperature in the winter garden.

Stove heating is the possibility of using alternative raw materials. The design of the stove will add a special flavor to the garden. At the same time, uneven heat distribution can be observed, the stove requires close attention, due to the high fire hazard.

Air heating is the distillation of warm air from the main heated room or using an air heater. The system is inexpensive, but it implies additional insulation, the air ducts are quite voluminous and can spoil the appearance.

Underfloor heating in the garden is laborious in design, installation and connection. Installation must be carried out prior to setting up the garden. The system allows you to create an optimal thermal regime in the garden, promotes the development of roots.

Helpful advice! Combining several types of heating will create an optimal heating system. It should also be noted that heating is closely related to the ventilation system.

Even at the stage of selecting materials, you should take into account the different coefficient of thermal elongation. So, taking into account the temperature difference up to 50 ° C, the thermal expansion of aluminum per meter of length is 1.2 mm, steel - 0.65, glass - 0.45. These data must be taken into account in order to avoid deformation. Air temperature during installation must also be taken into account. Gaskets and sealants serve as sealing.

Installation of water supply and irrigation systems in the winter garden

There are many different irrigation systems that allow irrigation to be carried out automatically, using different irrigation modes according to the moisture requirement.

The most popular is automatic. It is a hose with perforation through which irrigation is dosed. Water gets exclusively to the roots of plants, and special sensors allow you to monitor the moisture level in the soil.

For water-loving plants that require irrigation of the vegetative part, special fountains are installed. The devices simultaneously humidify the air and serve as a decoration for the garden. Excess water must be discharged through an equipped drainage system.

The winter garden with a swimming pool does not require additional moisture. A reservoir with internal circulation and a connected drainage system will provide the necessary water cycle in the greenhouse.

Wiring and lighting: savings and efficiency

Plants in the cold season and cloudy weather lack sunlight, which negatively affects their growth and requires the installation of additional lighting in the winter garden.

For this, you should not take ordinary incandescent lamps. They do not promote photosynthesis, but on the contrary can harm tall plants with excessive heat.

Fluorescent and metal halide lamps are also not suitable due to their relatively short lifespan. Sodium lamps, sensitive to voltage drops, should also be excluded from the list.

But phytolamps were specially invented as an additional source of light for plants. They are divided into LED and fluorescent.

The functioning of most of the life-supporting systems in the garden depends on the power supply, therefore, even during the design, you need to think about the type of electrical wiring, where to connect sockets and lamps.

Helpful advice! To illuminate an area of ​​5 m², 4 metal halide lamps with a power of 40 W or only one sodium lamp of 250 W are required.

Ventilation system equipment

A winter greenhouse or a garden, wherever they are - in an annex, a separate building or a balcony of an apartment - requires ventilation. Ventilation can be done in one of two ways.

Natural ventilation is carried out by opening vents or windows. In this case, the area of ​​the opened places should be at least a quarter of the area of ​​the walls. Supply and exhaust ventilation is also considered natural. Fresh air enters through special openings in the walls and through the vents in the roof. Such a system does not cause noise and drafts. It should be remembered that the window doors can be damaged by the wind.

Mechanical ventilation involves the use of fans to extract air. At the same time, he acts in a natural way. Such a system requires an electrical connection and generates noise.

Protecting the winter garden from strong solar radiation

Plants can suffer from both lack and excess of sunlight and heat, especially during hot summer months. For this, means of protection from the sun's rays have been invented. Curtains and blinds that can block 40% of the light provide internal protection. They are made from fabric, plastic, bamboo or metal alloys.

External protection in the form of awnings and awnings prevents the penetration of up to 90% of light. They are made from reflective fabric. This protection also prevents the walls from getting too hot.

Plants for the winter gardenand decoration

Along with heating, lighting and irrigation, you need to take care of high-quality soil, provide it with sufficient fertilization and oxygen enrichment. It is best to use special soil-wood mixtures. When choosing plants for a winter garden in a private house, you need to be guided not only by taste, but also by the ability of different species and varieties to coexist.

Regardless of the size, design and location of the greenhouse, the combination of colors for a winter garden in a private house should be a well-composed composition, and not present a tastelessness in the form of a bunch of pots. It is simply unrealistic to collect plants from different parts of the planet in one place, because representatives of different species and climatic zones require special conditions.

The greenhouse at home assumes the constant presence of exactly flowering plants, therefore experienced florists plant plants, depending on the season.

In winter, they prefer primrose, Kalanchoe, daffodils and tulips. With the advent of spring heat, hyacinths, lilies, hydrangeas, pelargoniums, astilbe, schizanthus are additionally planted. In the summer, one bulbous is replaced by another. Oriental and Asian lilies, begonias, zinnias, perilla, vinca, salfia, echinacea grow well. Autumn is the time of cyclamens, kochii, gomphenes, chrysanthemums. With this approach, exotic flowers will be fragrant in the winter garden all year round.

Helpful advice! It is very difficult to create several microzones in the winter garden, so it is better to choose plants belonging to the same category. For example, for the growth of tropical plants, the optimum temperature is 22 ° C, for subtropical plants - 10 ° C.

Winter garden in the apartment: rational arrangement and design

You can create a piece of summer not only in a house with a yard, but also in an apartment. To do this, it is enough to have the desire to rationally distribute the space by filling the space with flowers. The climbing plants on the walls will create a vertical garden. The pots can be placed at the bottom and allow the stems to be pulled up on the special supports. If the flowerpots, on the contrary, are hung, then the plants will simply fall freely downward.

It is better to place light-loving flowers in an apartment closer to the windows, creating a background. In the second row from the window, the place for lush flowering plants will be optimal. It is better to arrange large-leaved flowers in the third row, and provide the central part to large and attractive representatives of the fauna.

Winter garden on the balconyor loggias

A spacious balcony or loggia is the best option for placing a winter garden in an apartment. Here you can place a different number of ornamental plants, having previously prepared the area. It is also worth taking care of insulation, heating and additional lighting.

Loggia is a great place to create a greenhouse in an apartment. The main thing is freezing temperature and a sufficient amount of light, which can ensure the placement of the garden in the east or west. The southern side will allow growing thermophilic cacti and phlox, and the northern side - conifers.

Helpful advice! You can create a greenhouse in a house with your own hands in any free corner or throughout the apartment, using additional functional features of plants. For example, curly ivy or sprawling fern will become a "living" drapery in an unsightly corner.

The winter garden is a great place for rest and relaxation. The process of its creation in a private house is laborious, requires attention and some effort. If we take into account all the engineering features, have the means and time, then it is quite possible to independently create a private greenhouse. In this matter, you should not neglect the advice of specialists. You can create a small garden in an apartment with the help of imagination and rational use of space for plants that will delight you with flowers and greenery all year round, reminding you of summer.