Correct wiring diagram for heating radiators. Connection options for heating radiators for efficient heating of the home. Differences Between Basic Battery Connections

Usually, the heating system in private houses is autonomous, therefore, to organize it, it is required to purchase a boiler of sufficient power and determine what the heat transfer of heating radiators should be. Then the matter remains small - you just need to connect the heating devices to the boiler with the help of a pipeline and fill everything with a coolant. The most optimal connection scheme is a two-pipe one, when there is both supply and return.

Types of heating systems

One-pipe and two-pipe options are used, which can have both advantages and disadvantages. The structure can be mounted both with the lower wiring and with the upper one. However, the latter is used most often, as it is more convenient and practical.

As you know, the principle of operation of an autonomous heating system is the constant circulation of water or other coolant from the boiler to the devices and vice versa. At the same time, it can move by gravity, or forcibly, which is achieved by connecting a pump.

Two-pipe connection option

Consider its features:

The installation instructions for the circuit imply the presence of two separate pipelines to which each of the devices is connected.
In this case, one water supply system is supplying, from where hot water comes, and the other is return, giving off already cooled water.
Since the paths traversed by the coolant, both in the supply pipe and in the return pipe, are equal, their hydraulic resistance is the same. That is, such a scheme is hydraulically balanced, which makes its application the most optimal.

Correct connection of heating radiators with a two-pipe system - diagonal method

Tip: using in this case the diagonal method of connecting heating devices will make the system more efficient.

However, the schemes can be dead-end, which means that the most:

a long path is made by already cooled water, leaving from the last heating device in the chain;
short - runs from the first.

For this reason, you will have to regulate the supply of hot water with your own hands in each of the battery with taps or use thermostatic valves.

Wiring

The circuit can be forced (a pump is built in) and gravity, the main advantage of the latter is that it does not require electricity. For this, the top is made, as in the previous case, they are connected diagonally.

It is used most often in small residential buildings with no more than two floors. Although it will be ideal in settlements experiencing power outages, it is not often used due to the large amount of materials required and unaesthetic appearance.

It is used not only in residential buildings, but also in any other buildings, regardless of their purpose. Its organization requires a lot of materials and efforts, but still the advantages of such a system are undeniable.

Tip: you can easily choose it for any buildings, no matter how complex they are.

A large number of heating devices can be located on one branch, and this does not require additional installation of hydraulic pressure regulators. The water supply and return outflow in such schemes are connected separately, which makes it possible to regulate the heating of all rooms in the house automatically. In this case, thermostats will not have any effect on other devices, and their price will only slightly increase the cost of installation.

Options for connecting heaters to the system

We often say the words - "connect" and "connect", implying performing the same action - connect the radiator with.

However, this approach is amateurish, since there is a certain technical difference between the two:

attach a radiator- bring the tube of the supply line and the "return line" to it. An example is the lateral version of the radiator, when the pipes come to the device from one side above and below, or diagonal.
connect the heating device- to create a connection unit in which there is a supply or return flow, as well as control ball valves, valves or other similar elements are used.

There are two main options for the heating system, on which the final assembly of the heating scheme for a house or apartment depends:

Top - the supply line is located above the upper level of the radiator.
In this case, the following options for connecting a radiator are used:

one-sided side (bottom and top) - the method is most effective when using no more than 10 sections in a battery. Otherwise, the heating of the distant ones does not occur completely, due to which the efficiency of the device is significantly reduced;

diagonal (top and bottom) can be of two ways, each of which is considered the most effective with this method of routing. You can use devices with more than 10, the number of sections and they will all warm up to the maximum.

Bottom - the supply line approaches the radiator from below, usually used when installing a pump:

one-sided side (top and bottom) - in this case, as in the previous one, the maximum effect from this method can be obtained only with the number of sections in heating devices no more than 10, otherwise the coolant simply will not have time to warm them up;

diagonal (top and bottom) - the effect is the same as with the top wiring;

The choice of installation method for radiators depends on the configuration of the heating system, which can be one-pipe, two-pipe, collector, with natural or forced circulation of the coolant. Important parameters are also: the length of the system, the method of laying the pipes supplying and removing the coolant, the dimensions and number of radiator sections. The heating battery connection diagram should contribute to the maximum heat transfer of the devices.

An example of a lower radiator connection when installing an autonomous heating system in a country house

Heat sink connection: serial and parallel

In a one-pipe system, the coolant heated by the boiler passes sequentially through all radiators, therefore, such a connection of batteries to the heating system is called sequential. The coolant cools down as it passes along the circuit, which leads to uneven heating of heating devices (OP). Rooms located closer to the boiler will be warm or hot, and in remote rooms it will be cool or even cold.

In a two-pipe system, through one pipe (supply), hot water enters the OP, and through the other (outlet) the cooled coolant returns back to the boiler. This piping layout assumes parallel connection of batteries, which ensures uniform heating of all rooms in the house, regardless of their distance from the boiler. To reduce the temperature in the room, any battery can be shut off with a valve that blocks the hot flow, while the rest of the system will work as usual.

Where and how heating devices (OP) are installed

Regardless of the type of connection, radiators are usually installed under the windowsill to block the cold path with warm air. Warm air currents rise upward, forming an invisible protective shield. In order for the "thermal curtain" to work efficiently, it is necessary to maintain the installation distances prescribed by building codes. Correctly located OP is spaced:

100 mm from the bottom of the window sill;
120 mm from the floor surface;
20 mm from the plane of the wall.

Important! It is impossible to violate these standards, otherwise the installed equipment will not work at full capacity.

Three ways to connect heating batteries

Method # 1: one-way connection

The supply and return lines are connected to one side of the radiator. In this case, the supply of the coolant goes to the upper part of the battery, and the outflow - along the return line, which is connected to the bottom of the OP. This installation method ensures uniform heating of all sections. This option for connecting accordion batteries is especially good for single-story houses.

Important! Do not use one-sided type of connection if the number of sections exceeds 15. Ignoring this recommendation leads to significant heat losses.

Diagram of one-sided connection of the heater

Method # 2: bottom connection

Suitable for pipes hidden in the floor. The saddle type is included in the same group, but the pipes go above the floor surface. In this case, the inlet and outlet pipes are connected at the bottom of the battery: one on the left, the other on the right. Heating batteries with a bottom connection can heat up unevenly in the upper part, and up to 15% of heat can be lost.

Bottom connection diagram, which shows the direction of movement of the coolant in the device

Method # 3: diagonal connection

They are used when installing long heaters with a large number of sections. The coolant supply pipe is connected to the upper part of the radiator, and the outlet pipe is connected to the lower branch located on the opposite side of the device. Result: water or antifreeze heats the convector surface more evenly. The amount of heat loss is only a couple of percent.

How does the circulation of the coolant affect the installation of equipment

If a circulation pump is installed in the heating system of a private house, forcibly driving water or antifreeze along the thermal circuit, you can choose any method of connecting radiators. The efficiency of the system in this case will not depend on the installation scheme of the OP to the pipeline. With natural circulation of the coolant, it is better to use the diagonal method of connecting the batteries.

The heating system is necessary in order to provide the most comfortable temperature in the house, which depends on many factors. These include the method of laying pipes, and the number of radiators, and the total length of the system, the area of the house, etc.

This means that a system is selected individually for each house, so many people ask themselves the question - how to properly connect the heating battery?

Connection methods

There are ways to connect heating batteries with your own hands, which can often be found in private houses:

Unilateral... It consists in the fact that the supply pipe and return pipe are connected from one side to the first section: the straight one is connected to the upper part, and the reverse one - to the lower one.
In this way, uniform heating of all radiators is carried out. However, it is recommended to use this connection when there are many sections or in tall buildings with a parallel connection;
Saddle and bottom connection ideal for a system where the pipes are hidden under the floor. In this case, both main pipes are connected to the branch pipes of opposite sections in the lower part. This method is ineffective, since power losses are within 15 percent;
Diagonal... It is used when there is a large heating system with an appropriate number of sections. This method of connection produces an even distribution of the coolant and maximum heat transfer from the devices.

Place to connect

In principle, the connection of the heating battery should be carried out in a certain place where it is possible to create protection against the access of cold air from the street and at the same time heat the room well. That is why radiators are often located under windowsills.

At the same time, it is necessary to observe a certain distance from the device to the wall - up to about 5 centimeters, and to the floor - 10 centimeters. If you adhere to these recommendations, then the warm air from the radiator will create a kind of thermal curtain.

Important. The window sill should not obscure the battery or overlap it, as this will significantly reduce the efficiency of heat generation.
In some cases, the radiators are covered with a screen, usually this is done when they are very hot.

The main types of heating systems

Today there is a connection of heating batteries in a private house for two heating systems: one-pipe and two-pipe.

In the first option, water enters the pipes from above (the tank is on the hill) and thus spreads through the pipes.
This is a fairly common system, but with this option there is no way to adjust the temperature, since this requires additional options.
The second option is that warm water flows through one pipe, and cooled water goes through another. In this case, the batteries are connected in parallel.
Such a scheme for connecting heating batteries is common in cottages and houses. It is characterized by the same temperature of all radiators, and the temperature is controlled in the supply pipe using a thermostat.

In any case, the heating battery connection diagrams can be designed in a vertical or horizontal system. In the first, heating devices are connected to a vertical riser, and in the second, they are connected to horizontal pipelines.

Any scheme for connecting a heating battery can be carried out by connecting pipes with an energy carrier to the radiator in a lower or lateral way.

Radiator structure

Typically, a standard heater consists of the heating element itself (radiator) and additional parts, as shown in the figure below.

In this case, the installation is carried out when a thermostat is needed in the heat supply system. Since many people connect heating batteries with their own hands, this scheme will be interesting for them.

But before you understand and determine for yourself how to properly connect the heating batteries in your particular case, you need to familiarize yourself with a variety of videos and photos in our site gallery. They will tell you in detail about the pros and cons of a particular system, as well as help you choose pipes and other additional elements.

Naturally, it is better to start installation in the warm season, so that later in the cold season you will not be left without heating. Therefore, prepare everything in advance, buy everything in order to quickly carry out all the necessary work.

The big advantage is that the scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house can be very different, and you are not in a certain "technical" framework.

Advice!
When replacing batteries, do not forget to install the Mayevsky tap, with which it is easy to bleed air from the system.
And so that the room is not very stuffy, a valve is installed that partially or completely blocks the heat supply.

Shut-off valves

Everyone understands that shut-off valves play an important role when connected, since they not only provide water supply, but also distribute the coolant through the radiator. Control and shut-off valves are located on the return and supply branch pipes. Shut-off valves are necessary to cut off the water supply to the battery in order to carry out its replacement or repair.

The piping of the heating battery with bottom connection may not imply the installation of a bypass and adjusting devices. Shut-off valves are provided in most two-pipe systems with lateral or diagonal connection. Usually, the instruction requires always easy access to the shut-off and regulating elements, even if the radiators are closed.

Battery selection

This is an important stage in the construction of heating, because the material from which the radiators are made directly affects their heat transfer, and, accordingly, the temperature in the room. Also, you must correctly calculate the number of sections in the room.

According to the material from which the batteries are made, they can be divided into:

Cast iron;
Bimetallic;
Aluminum;
Steel;
Copper-aluminum.

Aluminum batteries have a power of about 192 W in one section, and a working pressure of 16 atm. They are distinguished by good heat dissipation and fast heating. They are used in autonomous and central heating systems.

Their main disadvantage is that they are sensitive to the composition of water, so they are quickly destroyed by internal corrosion. Also, these devices are subject to sudden changes in system pressure.

Cast iron batteries have a section power from 79 to 160 W, and a pressure from 10 to 15 atm. They can operate at high coolant temperatures - up to 150 degrees Celsius. Their minus is a lot of weight, and their plus is the usual installation and resistance to various pressure drops.

Bimetallic radiators have a power of about 200 W and a working pressure of about 35 atm. They have a steel core and an aluminum body. Often such batteries are used in offices or apartments with central heating.

Their advantages: lightness, practicality, resistance to the internal environment, high heat transfer. The downside may be a higher price compared to the rest.

Important!
Even if you choose the right battery and calculate the correct number of sections, you should know one piece of advice - the better the thermal insulation of your house, the higher the efficiency of your system.

Conclusion

The installation of heating elements is a crucial step towards creating an efficient heat supply. To carry out these works, it is necessary to calculate everything to the smallest detail and consult with several specialists.

In practice, the efficiency of even the highest quality heating system becomes obsolete over time. For this reason, the owner of the house often faces the problem of replacing some of its individual components.

It is very easy to change the heating radiator: you just need to follow the step-by-step instructions, at least understand a little about the specifics of this area and have the appropriate tool.

Types of heating systems

Modern methods of connecting a heating radiator are extremely important nuances in providing home heat. In construction practice, two types of heating systems are most common - one-pipe and two-pipe.
It depends on which one specifically appears, according to which scheme the integration of the radiator will be carried out.

By the way, even if you do not connect the battery yourself, but with the help of professionals from a specialized company, you should still be aware of what kind of heating system you have installed. For clarity, we will consider each of these types in more detail.

One-pipe heating

This type works on the principle of supplying water to a modern radiator, as a rule, integrated in a high-rise apartment, that is, in a high-rise building. This connection of the heating battery is considered the most accessible and simple type.

But this system also has its drawbacks: taking into account such seemingly simple installation work, a one-pipe system does not imply the possibility of independent regulation of the supplied heat. That is, this type of heating does not provide for any additional devices that can provide the homeowner with such a service. In view of this, the heat transfer in the apartment is supplied in accordance with the originally laid down.

Two-pipe heating

The activity of this system is based on the movement of the hot coolant through the first pipe, while the second pipe in the opposite direction - the already cooled liquid is removed. In this type of heat supply, a parallel way of connecting heating devices takes place.

A characteristic feature of a two-pipe system is the methodical uniformity of heating of all its components. Plus, the owner of such a heating has the ability to independently regulate the heat in the apartment using a specific valve mounted near the radiator itself.

A detailed review - read on our website.

Advice: Pay attention to the document regulating the norms for the correct connection of heating radiators. Its name: SNiP 3.05.01-85.

Radiator integration point

Whether you have a series connection of heating batteries or a more complicated parallel connection, in any case, remember that heat supply is not the only function of these units. An additional bonus of such devices is that the radiators provide good protection against the "cold" intrusion of winds and drafts.

Therefore, it is not surprising that it is under the windowsills that these saving devices find their refuge. Heating radiators are capable of providing an excellent thermal curtain, especially in the localization of window openings.

Advice: Do not mount two radiators close to each other - this is fraught with the loss of expensive heat: the density of the hot air flow will decrease significantly, which will entail a sharp drop in the efficiency of the heat supply itself.

Before using a specific type of connection, make a schematic plan on which clearly and visually mark the locations of the devices, make the correct calculations of the installation distance.

The radiators are located correctly in the following cases:

devices are located at a distance of 100 mm from the bottom line of the sill;
distance to the floor - 120 mm;
distance to walls - 20 mm.

We connect radiators to different water circulation systems

The heating medium, which is usually ordinary water, circulates in the system in two ways - either forcedly or naturally.

Forcibly, the work of the coolant is carried out thanks to a water pump pushing water through the pipe. Of course, such a pumping device is part of the overall heating circuit. Installation of such a unit is either carried out directly near the heating equipment - a boiler, for example, or is initially included in its "original" package. you will find out in a separate article.

1. One-pipe sequential heating system with natural circulation
2. Two-pipe parallel natural circulation heating system

Another system, which has natural circulation, is very efficient and effective in places where power surges occur most often. In the indicated scheme of such circulation, there is no pumping device, but there is a place for a non-volatile boiler. The movement of liquid through the system is carried out due to the displacement of the cooled heat carrier by a hot stream of water.

Factors to consider when implementing radiator connections:

the specifics of the laid heating main;
its length and so on.

Heating radiator connection diagrams

Any of the radiator connection schemes listed below is quite capable of being implemented in a heating system with a "forced" approach, that is, in the presence of a pump:

Due to the universal design of this design, the coolant fills the radiator evenly, which, of course, contributes to the maximum degree of heat transfer. The crossover circuit significantly increases the efficiency of the system: heat losses are reduced by up to 2%!

Comfortable living conditions in a country cottage cannot be created without a high-quality heating system. It must be sufficiently effective and economical so that during the heating season it is warm in the living rooms, and the energy consumption does not go too high. To achieve this, you need to choose the right type of heating system, and then choose the most suitable option for connecting heating radiators in a private house.

Types of heating systems

The heating system in a private house can be:

air;

electric;

Air system

This option operates without a coolant. The air in the house is heated directly from heating devices - ovens or convectors. With such a system, heating radiators are not used. Air heating is convenient for heating compact country houses. It is rarely used for large cottages.

Electrical system

In such a system, heat is transferred through the current conductors. Electric floor heating works according to this principle. Heating with an electrical system can be quite convenient. But its arrangement requires increased attention to safety rules, and in the process of operation it costs dearly to the owners of the house.

Water system

A type of heating system in which heat is transferred through water (sometimes steam) as a heat carrier. The coolant flows from the heating device through the pipes to the heating radiators. This option is considered the most convenient and practical. Most often, in country houses, heating is equipped in this way.

Types of heating boilers

The central element of the heating system is the boiler - a heating device in which the coolant reaches the desired temperature. The heating connection diagram in a private house largely depends on what kind of boiler is used in it.

By design, boilers are divided into double-circuit and single-circuit. The first option is equipment designed for both heating and water heating. A single-circuit boiler only heats the heating medium for heating. According to the method of installation, they are divided into floor and wall.

Boilers also differ in the type of fuel with which the coolant is heated. There are boilers of the following types:

electrical;

solid fuel;

liquid fuel;

combined.

For the operation of solid fuel boilers, coal, firewood, less often peat and other options for solid combustible materials are used. Diesel or waste oils are used as liquid fuel for boilers of the corresponding type.

Most of the country cottages are heated by gas boilers. In non-gasified areas, heating with electricity is often used. Solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers are completely independent from communication networks. The first option is more attractive in that it requires traditional firewood and coal, rather than hazardous flammable liquids.

The most prudent homeowners install combi boilers in their homes that are designed to operate on different types of fuel. For example, you can install an electric boiler, supplemented with a combustion chamber for solid fuels, so that in the event of a power failure, you can switch to wood heating.

Double-circuit boilers, which provide a home with warmth and warm water, are mainly gas devices. They are versatile as they save homeowners from having to buy and install a separate water heating boiler.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of house insulation

Heating radiator device

The heating radiator consists of several heat exchange sections. The more sections, the, respectively, the higher the battery power. There are such models of radiators that can be "extended" with new sections, if necessary, already during operation.

All sections are crossed by one collector at the top and one at the bottom. Each section has a vertical duct connecting the upper and lower manifolds. This applies to all sections, including the extreme ones. Therefore, the radiator has 4 outputs, but only two of them are used. One is connected to the coolant supply pipe, and the second serves to drain the cooled water back into the boiler. Unused outputs are closed with plugs. This is how most radiators work.

Types of pipe system

In the heating system diagram, the interposition of the coolant supply inlet and the "return" outlet is of fundamental importance. It depends on the direction of the heating medium and on the type of piping system.

One pipe system

This is a simplified version of the heating arrangement in the cottage. This option is quite economical, since it requires fewer pipes for wiring and is performed with less labor costs for installation work. The system is a chain of radiators connected by a single pipe. The coolant heated in the boiler enters each radiator in turn, flowing from one to the other. That is, the "return" from one battery becomes the supply for the next one, and so on.

A single-pipe connection diagram for heating radiators in a private house has one significant drawback - with it, the radiators heat up unevenly. The first radiator will always be the hottest, and further from the battery to the battery, the temperature will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is impossible to maintain the same temperature in all rooms with one-pipe heating.

For certain planning considerations, a one-pipe system may be quite suitable. So, if in a small house the radiator chain starts from living rooms and ends with technical rooms, this option may be optimal. But in spacious cottages it is better to install two-pipe heating.

Two-pipe system

More expensive to equip, but simple and easy-to-use option. In this system, two pipe lines function simultaneously. The first supplies hot water to each battery. That is, there is one pipe entering each radiator. The coolant, before entering the radiator, regardless of its location in the circuit, does not enter the neighboring radiators, but goes directly. The second pipe collects return flow from all radiators and delivers it to the heating manifold.

The advantages of the bottom type of distribution are that practically the same temperature is achieved at all points of heat exchange. Such a system lends itself better to regulation and provides uniform heating of the entire building.

Beam (collector) system

The collector circuit is a variant of a two-pipe connection, but with more complex wiring. It is used when pipes need to be hidden, for example, under flooring. In this case, two collectors are equipped - for supply and for return, and one pipe extends from each radiator to the first collector, and one more to the second.

In some connection schemes, two types of system are used. The whole house can be heated according to the two-pipe principle, but for a separate area, for example, a veranda or a large living room, a bunch of several radiators are used according to the one-pipe principle. When developing a two-pipe scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house, the main thing is not to get confused in the supply and return collectors.

Diagram of connecting radiators to the heating system

The coolant moves through the pipes and channels of the batteries due to two factors. The first is the fluid's tendency to fill the voids. In the absence of air locks, a natural dynamic pressure of the coolant is created. The second factor is the movement of streams of different temperatures. Hot water tends upward, displacing cold water into the lower stream.

Diagonal top connection

Diagonal connection of radiators with top flow allows you to equip the most efficient space heating. Hot water is supplied to the upper inlet, inside it spreads through the sections, and when it cools down, it goes down, after which it is displaced into the lower inlet to the return manifold located on the other side of the radiator.

Bilateral bottom connection

The supply is carried out to the bottom inlet on one side, and the return flows from the bottom inlet on the other side of the battery. The efficiency in this case is lower than in the previous version. But such a connection allows you to hide the pipes as much as possible.

One-way bottom top connection

It is mainly used in multi-storey buildings. In cottages with 2 or 3 floors with one-pipe heating is also sometimes used. The difference between the bottom and top connections is that in the first case, hot water is supplied to the lower inlet, and is discharged under pressure through the upper inlet, and in the second case, the opposite happens. In both cases, the plant and the coolant outlet are located on the same side. It is worth noting that of all the existing options, one-way bottom connection is the most ineffective.

Video description

Which radiator connection system to choose

Other options

In theory, it is also possible to use a diagonal connection with a bottom feed or a double-sided connection with a top feed. These two options will work too if done correctly. However, the functioning of the system will be greatly hampered by the intersection of streams. Therefore, it is better not to experiment and take a diagonal top connection or a two-way bottom connection as a basis.

Radiator location

For high-quality heating of a cottage, it is necessary not only to correctly choose a heating scheme, but also to correctly position the batteries in the premises. The installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out on the basis of calculations made by specialists. The number of radiators and sections for each radiator is determined taking into account various factors:

volume of premises;

the level of heat loss of the building;

radiator inset diagram;

at what height the batteries will be installed, and much more.

Video description

Typically, radiators are located under windows. This creates a barrier to the cold air flow coming from the window. In addition, the air coming from the window opening is "dried" by the heat from the radiator, as a result of which condensation does not collect on the surfaces in the room. The battery should be slightly narrower than the window and should be centered in relation to the window opening.

The radiator should not adjoin the upper part to the window sill, as this complicates the process of heat spreading. The distance from the floor to the bottom level of the battery should be about 100 mm. A higher location will cause the air directly above the floor to warm up poorly. If the radiators are installed too low, it will be difficult to remove the accumulated dust under them.

When planning the installation of batteries, it is necessary to take into account the features of the wall. Modern batteries are not very heavy, but in some cases the characteristics of the wall require reinforcement of the surface on which the bracket for the heating elements will be mounted.

Video description

Installation of heating radiators

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer water supply installation services, sewerage and heating... You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

The process of calculating, designing and installing a heating system can only be trusted by qualified specialists. But the simplest rules for connecting radiators should be known to every homeowner. The effective principle of connecting and locating heating equipment is a guarantee that a favorable and comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house.