In which city was the Sayano Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station built. Cheryomushki and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Components of the structure of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP
The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named after PS Neporozhny is the largest power plant in Russia in terms of installed capacity, and the 8th among the currently operating hydroelectric power plants in the world.
Located on the Yenisei River, on the border between the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia, near the village of Cheryomushki, near Sayanogorsk. It is the upper stage of the Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power plants. The unique arched gravity dam of the station, 242 m high, is the highest dam in Russia and one of the highest dams in the world. The name of the station comes from the names of the Sayan Mountains and the village of Shushenskoye, located not far from the station, widely known in the USSR as the place of exile of V.I.Lenin.
The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP project was developed by the Leningrad branch of the Hydroproject Institute. The builders started work in 1963. The first hydroelectric unit took up industrial load in December 1978, the tenth in 1985.
The Sayan hydroelectric power station was built by young people, in 1967 the Central Committee of the Komsomol announced the construction of the All-Union shock Komsomol construction site. In the summer of 1979, 1700 student construction teams took part in the construction of the largest hydroelectric power station, in 1980 - more than 1300 people from all over the country. By this time, 69 of its own Komsomol youth groups had already been formed on the construction site, 15 of them were registered.
2. The construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which began in 1963, was officially completed only in 2000. During the construction and operation of the hydroelectric power station, there were problems associated with the destruction of spillway structures and the formation of cracks in the dam, which were later successfully resolved.
Monument to the builders of the hydroelectric power station on the observation deck. 
3. On August 17, 2009, the largest accident in the history of the Russian hydropower industry occurred at the station, which caused the death of 75 people. The restoration of the station was completed on November 12, 2014. 
4. On February 10, 2011, 78 km from the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, an earthquake of about 8 points on the MSK-64 scale occurred. In the area of the dam of the hydroelectric power station, the strength of the tremors was about 5 points, no damage to the plant's structures was recorded. 
5. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is a powerful high-pressure hydroelectric power plant of the dam type.
Structurally, HPP structures are divided into a dam, a HPP building with auxiliary buildings, a stilling well for an operational spillway, a coastal spillway, and an open switchgear (OSG). 
6. From time to time in the mass media doubts are expressed about the reliability of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP dam. At the same time, authoritative experts in the field of hydraulic engineering have repeatedly declared the safety of the plant's structures.
Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP has a valid safety declaration. 
7. The pressure front of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is formed by a unique concrete arched-gravity dam, the stability and strength of which is ensured by the action of its own weight (by 60%) and partly by the support of the upper arched part against the banks (by 40%).
The dam has a maximum height of 245 m, its upper edge is outlined by an arc with a radius of 600 m, the width of the dam at the base is 105.7 m, along the ridge - 25 m.The length of the dam ridge, taking into account the coastal incisions, is 1074.4 m. 
8. The operational spillway is designed to discharge excess water inflow during floods and floods, which cannot be passed through the hydroelectric units of the hydroelectric power station or accumulated in the reservoir. The design maximum throughput of the operational spillway is 13,600 m³ / sec, the actual one at a reservoir level of 540 m is 13,090 m³ / sec. 
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10. The dam is cut into the rocks of the left and right banks to a depth of 15 m and 10 m, respectively, and into the foundation rocks - to a depth of 5 m. 
11. Yenisei. 
12. Power lines. 
13. Chapel. 
14. In the building of the hydroelectric power station there are 10 hydroelectric units with a capacity of 640 MW each. 
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17. Hydraulic unit No. 2. It was from this unit in August 2009 that the accident began at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, which disabled all the equipment of the station and killed 75 people. Under the strong pressure of water, the turbine cover was ripped off, the rotor of this machine (weighing 900 tons!) Rose several meters and, rotating, began to destroy the machine room - the ceiling, the walls ... 
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21. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest power plant in Russia, besides generating very cheap electricity - the cost of 1 kWh of electricity in 2001 of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower complex was 1.62 kopecks. 
22. The hydroelectric power station is the most powerful source of coverage for peak power fluctuations in the Unified Energy System of Russia. The hydroelectric power plant is the basis and source of energy supply for the Sayan territorial-production complex, which includes large aluminum plants - Sayan and Khakassky (owned by the Russian Aluminum company), Abakanvagonmash, coal mines, iron mines, a number of light and food industries. 
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25. The dam of the hydroelectric power station forms a large Sayano-Shushensky reservoir. 
26. The coastal spillway is located on the right bank and is intended for the passage of floods of rare recurrence. 
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31. Coastal spillway.
Structurally, the spillway consists of a water intake structure, two free-flow tunnels, a five-stage drop and a discharge channel. 
32. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the favorite station of the head of RusHydro Evgeny Doda. 
33. Night view of the coastal spillway. 
34. Having seen this colossus once, you fall in love with it for the rest of your life, and all the time you are drawn again to return to the banks of the Yenisei. 
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SSHGES them. PS Neporozhny is a high-pressure hydroelectric power plant of the dam type, the most powerful power plant in Russia. The main structures of the station are located in the Charles section, in this place the Yenisei flows in a deeply cut canyon-like valley. It is rather difficult to convey the scale of this gigantic structure with the help of a photograph. For example, the length of the crest of the dam is more than one kilometer, and the height is 245 meters, higher than the main building of Moscow State University.
1. The pressure front of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is formed by a unique concrete arch-gravity dam, which is the highest dam of this type in the world. If you climb one of the slopes of the gorge, a beautiful view opens up of the dam itself, the lower pool and the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir, with a total volume of 31 km³.
3. In the body of the dam, about eleven thousand different sensors are installed that monitor the state of the entire structure and its elements. 
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4. Construction of the dam began in 1968 and lasted seven years. The amount of concrete laid in the dam - 9.1 million m³ - would be enough to build a highway from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok.
5. The diameter of such a "pipe" of the turbine conduit is 7.5 meters.
6. Top view of the turbine hall and the administrative building of the station.
7. A few words about the principle of operation of the dam. Any dam, in addition to accumulation, must pass a certain amount of water. Each of the ten hydroelectric units of the SSHGES can pass 350 m³ of water per second. Now 4 out of 10 hydroelectric units are in operation, and in winter their capacity is quite sufficient.
The white area is a stilling well of an operational spillway, this site can easily accommodate a football field for the World Cup, although it will turn out to be "football on ice".
8. During floods and floods, the gates of the operational spillway are opened. It is designed to discharge excess water inflow, which cannot be passed through the hydroelectric units of the hydroelectric power station or accumulated in the reservoir. The maximum design capacity of the operational spillway is 13,600 m³ (this is five 50-meter swimming pools with 10 lanes) per second! Costs 7000 - 7500 m³ are considered to be a gentle regime for a stilling well located under the operational spillway.
9. The length of the dam crest, taking into account the coastal incisions, is 1074 meters, the width at the base - 105 meters, along the ridge - 25. The dam is cut into the rocks of the banks to a depth of 10-15 meters.
Stability and strength is ensured by the action of the dam's own weight (by 60%) and partially by the support of the upper arched part against the banks (by 40%). 
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11. Coastal fortifications.
12. From the dam you can see the village of Cheryomushki, which is connected to the hydroelectric power station by a road and an unusual tram line.
In 1991, several city trams were purchased in Leningrad and converted into two-car trams for the railway track without turning rings, left over from the construction of the hydroelectric power station. Now free trams run from the village to the hydroelectric power station every hour. Thus, the transport problem for the station workers and residents of Cheremushki was solved, and the only tram line in Khakassia became an attraction of the village.
13. View of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir from the entrance portal of the coastal spillway. 
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14. The coastal spillway consists of an inlet head, two free-flow tunnels, an outlet portal, a five-stage drop and an outlet channel. 
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16. Despite the frosts, the ice on the reservoir rises quite late - as a rule, at the end of January.
19. The coastal spillway during the period of large floods will allow for additional discharge of flows up to 4000 m³ / s and, thereby, reduce the load on the plant's operational spillway and provide a gentle regime in the stilling well. The inlet head serves to organize a smooth entrance of the water flow into two free-flow tunnels.
20. In winter, the portals are covered with heat shields.
21. The length of the two tunnels is 1122 meters, with a section of 10x12 meters each, which is enough to accommodate 4 metro tunnels.
23. Exit portal. The estimated speed of water movement at the exit from the tunnel is 22 m / s.
24. The five-stage drop consists of five damping wells 100 m wide and 55 to 167 m long, separated by spillways. The drop will provide damping of the flow energy and a calm interface with the river bed. The maximum flow velocities at the entrance to the upper well reach 30 m / s, at the interface with the river bed they decrease to - 4–5 m / s.
Three-dimensional video about the launch of the first line of the coastal spillway. 
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25. For a better understanding of the scale: this is an earlier photograph of the construction of the lower well. author gelio_nsk .
27. Two gantry cranes are installed on the crest of the dam to open the gates.
28. The Yenisei is one of the largest rivers in Russia. The area of its basin, providing an inflow to the hydroelectric station, is about 180 thousand km², which is three times the size of the Republic of Khakassia.
29. Yenisei - border between Western and Eastern Siberia. The left bank of the Yenisei ends the great West Siberian plains, and the right bank represents the kingdom of the mountain taiga. From the Sayan Mountains to the Arctic Ocean, the Yenisei passes through all climatic zones of Siberia. Camels live in its upper reaches, polar bears live in the lower reaches.
30. The work of shamans ...
32. Thanks to photographer Valery from the press service of the SSHGES, who took me to this slope. The view is excellent. True, it was not easy to walk knee-deep in the snow, and sometimes waist-deep. 
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34. Public observation deck.
35. The generated current from the station is transferred to the open switchgear (OSG 500).
36. ORU 500 provides power delivery of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP to the power systems of Kuzbass and Khakassia.
37. View from the observation deck, which is 1600 meters from the dam. The coastal spillway is highlighted on the left. 
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Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Recovery.
At the time of the accident, which occurred on August 17, 2009, nine out of ten hydraulic units were in operation (No. 6 was in reserve). As a result of damage to hydraulic unit No. 2, a large amount of water was released from the turbine crater, which destroyed part of the roof and damaged the bearing columns of the turbine hall. As a result of water ingress, all hydroelectric units of the hydroelectric power station received electrical and mechanical damage and failed.
A year and a half has passed since the accident, during which time the first stage of the station reconstruction was completed and 4 hydroelectric units were put into operation. Unlike last winter, the passage of water through the dam is carried out in a normal mode through culverts of operating hydraulic units without idle discharges.
1. Initially, 10 hydroelectric units with a capacity of 640 MW were placed in the turbine hall of the HPP. The maximum water flow through the turbine is 358 m³ per second, the efficiency of the turbine in the optimal zone is about 96%.
2. The building of the power plant's turbine hall is impressive - almost 300 meters in length. On the right side of the panorama, you can see a section of the roof that was restored after the accident. 
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Section of the dam and the turbine hall with a hydraulic unit.
3. Section of the hydraulic unit. The investigation showed that the direct cause of the accident was the fatigue failure of the pins for fastening the cover of the hydroelectric unit No. 2 (the places are marked with arrows), which led to its breakdown and flooding of the turbine hall.
4. Today, the station is actively working on the restoration of the turbine hall. This is how the installation site of the hydroelectric unit No. 2 looks like.
5. Comparison with what was a little over a year ago. Photo by gelio_nsk .
Oleg Myakishev, an eyewitness to the accident, describes this moment as follows:
“… I was standing at the top, I heard some kind of growing noise, then I saw the corrugated cover of the hydraulic unit rising and reeling. Then I saw the rotor rise from under it. It was spinning. The eyes didn’t believe it. He rose three meters. Stones flew, pieces of reinforcement, we began to dodge them ... The corrugated line was somewhere under the roof, and the roof itself was blown apart ... I figured: water rises, 380 cubic meters per second, and - dera, in the direction of the tenth unit. I thought I wouldn’t have time, I climbed higher, stopped, looked down - I saw how everything collapsed, water was coming, people were trying to swim ... I thought that the gates should be closed urgently, manually, to stop the water ... Manually, because there is no tension, no protection worked ... "
Video taken by an eyewitness to the accident:
6. Another comparison.
7. Streams of water quickly flooded the machine room and the rooms below it. All hydroelectric units of the hydroelectric power station were flooded, while short circuits occurred on the operating hydroelectric generators, which disabled them. There was a complete load shedding of the hydroelectric power station, which led to a power outage of the station itself.
8. The measures taken after the accident exclude a complete blackout of the station. Additional diesel electric generators are installed, which automatically start when the main power supply is lost, whatever this may be.
10. Also, thirty-nine sensors were added to the vibration control system, installed on each hydraulic unit, which track the movements of the shafts and vibrations of the entire structure. The protection is triggered if, in the steady state operation of the hydraulic unit, an increased level of the maximum permissible vibration is maintained for more than 15 seconds.
11. JSC RusHydro signed a contract with JSC Power Machines for the supply of equipment to HPPs. During 2011 the company will manufacture six new hydraulic units.
13. Two gantry cranes with a lifting capacity of 500 tons are operating in the machine room.
14. The cranes can work in pairs and lift 1000 tons at once.
15. To disassemble over 5,000 cubic meters of rubble, in the area of the 10th hydraulic unit, a technological entrance for trucks was organized.
16. Since the entrance was not initially provided, there is practically no room for maneuvering. You need to try very hard to drive a truck with a semi-trailer into the hall ...
19. Part of the technological equipment is assembled directly at the installation site of the station, and part is brought from St. Petersburg. For example, the impellers of hydraulic turbines, the diameter of which is more than 6 meters, are delivered by water transport.
21. The plant's capacity is now 2560 MW.
23. Zone of operating hydraulic units.
25. Turbines drive synchronous hydrogenerators with a rotor diameter of 10.3 meters, delivering a current of 15.75 kV. According to the test results, the new hydroelectric units are capable of developing a capacity of up to 720 MW.
26. Technical premises in the area of the operating hydroelectric unit.
27. Cylindrical walls of the hydraulic unit and various equipment.
As a result of the accident, all these rooms were flooded with water. 75 people were killed.
31. It is quite noisy inside the working hydraulic unit ...
32. One of the technical galleries.
33. Central control point of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. 
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35. The modernized protection system stops the unit when the supply voltage is lost, including in an emergency situation: when a cable breaks, fire, flooding and short circuit. The action of all protections leads to the closure of the guide vane, emergency repair shutter and disconnection of the generator from the network.
37. Even if for some reason the automation does not work, you can stop the hydraulic unit and reset the emergency shutter using special keys located on the central control panel. Emergency keys existed before, but they were located directly at the hydraulic units. During the accident, these marks were flooded, and it was not possible to use the keys.
The capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest in Russia. She is also the sixth largest in the world. The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located in Khakassia, on the Yenisei River, not far from Sayanogorsk.
Composition of station structures
The main object of the station is a concrete arched gravity dam with a height of 245 meters and a length of 1066 meters. The width of the dam is 110 meters at the base and 25 meters along the ridge. The dam can be divided into four parts. The left-bank and right-bank blind parts are 246 m and 298 m long, respectively, the spillway is 190 meters long, and the station - 332 meters.
The dam is adjacent to the dam building of the hydroelectric power station.
Tourism
The station itself and its turbine hall are interesting as tourist sites. The power plant also has its own museum. Since the facility is restricted, it can only be visited through regional tour operators.
The area where the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located (the map is located below) is a place that has gained popularity among tourists. Previously, there was even a special observation deck from which one could best see the station. Now in this place, next to the dam, a memorial has been erected, dedicated to the builders of the hydroelectric power station. On the banks of the Yenisei, the five-headed peak Borus rises, which is considered by the Khakass a national shrine, like the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. The map of Khakassia allows you to know better where these places are.
The observation deck on the left bank allows you to see a white rock two hundred meters high. It represents part of the Kibik-Kordon marble deposit, which occupies several kilometers of the Yenisei coast. One of the parts of the road leading from Sayanogorsk to Cheryomushki lies directly along the marble deposit. It was hampered by difficult geological conditions and rocky spurs, which made it one of the most expensive in the world.
Construction
The final decision to start the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was made in 1962. Construction began in 1968. In 1975, during the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the Yenisei riverbed was blocked off, and already in 1978, with the launch of the first hydroelectric unit, the station gave the first current. From 1979 to 1985, nine more hydraulic units were launched in sequence. In 1988, the construction of the station was basically completed. In 2005, work began on the construction of a coastal spillway, which should increase the reliability of the station. In 2011, the spillway was commissioned.
Exploitation
In 2006, serious miscalculations were discovered in the turbine hall and the station's spillway. In 2007, a scheduled inspection revealed significant wear of the booms, which were 20 years old. The design of the hydroelectric units, which was equipped with the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, turned out to be not very successful, prone to increased formation of cracks. Photos published after the accident allowed judging the extent of their destruction.
A large program of modernization and technical re-equipment of the station was developed, the implementation of which began, but the accident at the power plant made its own adjustments to the plans of the builders.
Crash
The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, the accident at which occurred on August 17, 2009, caused great destruction.
In the morning in August 2009, an accident occurred at the hydroelectric power station. The second hydroelectric unit was destroyed, and the turbine hall was flooded with a large amount of water. The 7th and 9th hydraulic units were badly damaged, the third, fourth and fifth hydraulic units were filled up with debris. This led to the destruction of the turbine hall from which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was controlled. The accident resulted in the death of 75 people.
The tragedy has been thoroughly investigated. The investigation report was published in October 2009.
Recovery
New hydraulic units to replace the damaged ones were ordered to Power Machines. Already in 2010, units No. 6, No. 5, No. 4 and No. 3 were in operation, which made it possible to increase the plant's capacity to 2560 MW - 40% of the nominal. At the same time, work was underway to dismantle unit No. 2 and erect a coastal spillway, which ended with successful hydraulic tests. The station generated 10 billion kWh of electricity.
So the first stage of reconstruction was completed, as a result of which four hydroelectric units of the station were put into operation, which suffered the least.
In 2011, the second stage of reconstruction started. The construction of the second stage of the spillway was completed, and by the end of the year the entire spillway complex was put into operation.
In addition, a new hydroelectric unit (No. 1) was put into operation.
Electricity generation in 2011 amounted to more than 18 billion kWh.
In 2012, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, after which the capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP amounted to 3840 MW.
In 2013, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 10, No. 6, No. 5, which made it possible to increase the capacity of the station to 4480 MW.
In 2013, the station produced more than 24 billion kWh.
In 2014, the third stage of the station's reconstruction started. As part of its implementation in 2014, hydroelectric unit No. 4 gave current.
At the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, a complete re-equipment was carried out with new hydraulic units of OJSC Power Machines, which have the best parameters and meet stringent safety and reliability requirements. The capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP became equal to the nominal - 6400 MW. The maximum efficiency of the new hydro turbines reached 96.6%, and the maximum service life of the machines was increased to 40 years. Now the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the photo of which immediately after the accident and today is strikingly different, is operating at full capacity.
The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, located on the Yenisei, in the Western Sayan region, bears the title of the largest hydroelectric power plant in Russia in terms of capacity; it occupies an honorable seventh place among world competitors. Located near the village of Cheryomushki in the Republic of Khakassia, the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP belongs to the upper stage of the cascade of hydroelectric power plants of the Yenisei River. Today this hydroelectric power station belongs to JSC RusHydro.
The creation of this hydropower complex dates back to November 4, 1961. It was on this day that a group of specialists from Lengidproekt, headed by the famous engineer Pyotr Vasilyevich Erashov, went to the village of Maina. They surveyed 3 sections of the Yenisei River. Forwarders performed their work in rather harsh conditions: severe Siberian frosts did not stop. It is worth noting that not only experts, but also local residents took part in the search for an ideal place for construction, about 600 people worked for the good of the fatherland. July 1962 was marked by the final choice of location, academician A. Belyakov, together with an expert group, chose the Karlovsky alignment.
The history of the creation and construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP
The St. Petersburg branch of Gidroproekt has developed a unique arched dam scheme that has no analogues in the world. The construction promised to be laborious: the Yenisei section was very wide, and the climate of Siberia was very harsh. But that didn't stop anyone.
Preparation began in 1963, mainly infrastructure was built (roads, housing for workers). The main work began on September 12, 1968. The ditching of the foundation pit was carried out. Then the concrete was laid, in 1970 the first cubic meter was already ready. After 5 years, when the Yenisei was being prepared for overlap, the construction of the part of the dam responsible for water discharge was completed.
In the fall of 1978, the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP began to fill with water. By 1986, the station managed to recoup all the costs spent on its construction. The official completion of construction is dated 2000, and since 2001 it began to bear the name of P.S. Neporozhny (Minister of Energy of the USSR).
Characteristics of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP
The height of the station's arch dam is about 250 m, the length is 1074 m, and the width is 106 m. The radius of the arch stretches for 600 m at an angle of 102 degrees.
The water pressure at the hydroelectric power station is very strong (30 million tons), so the complex is quite stable. This property is achieved due to the structure's own weight (60%) and the transfer of part of the load to the rocks (40%). The dam goes into the rocks 15 m deep.
Power and economic value
In the period before the accident at the station in 2009, when one of the units broke down and was thrown from its place under the pressure of water, the hydroelectric power station produced 15% of the energy generated by hydroelectric power plants in Russia, and 2% of the energy of the entire country.
The capacity of the complex is 6400 MW, the station produces 24.5 billion kWh per year. In 2006, the maximum generation was reached in the amount of 26.8 billion kWh of energy. There are 10 hydroelectric units inside the station, each of which has a capacity of 640 MW. The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP also includes the Mainskaya HPP with a capacity of 321 MW. She is a counter-regulator.
The 2001 statistics show that the cost of energy at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is 1.62 kopecks per kWh, its profitability is two times higher than that of thermal power plants. Most of the energy produced at this station (75%) is consumed by the aluminum plant in Sayanogorsk.
Tourism object
Today, you can visit the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP as a tourist. Travelers manage to visit the station itself, its museum and even the turbine hall. However, it should be borne in mind that the station can only be accessed by agreement with regional tour operators.
The area in which the hydroelectric power station is located has long been popular with tourists. Several years ago, not far from the station, there was even a special observation deck, from which a picturesque view of the complex was opened. Today, there is a memorial on this site, reminiscent of the builders of the hydroelectric power station.
Excursion programs in most cases include the following activities: a story about the history of the construction of the world famous hydroelectric power station, a visit to the Church of St. Evdokia, located on the territory of the station, tasting of trout, as well as rest on the banks of the Yenisei River.
Environmental impacts after construction
After the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, an ice-free ice hole began to form in its lower section in winter. Its appearance began to lead to flooding of nearby territories. In order to prevent this phenomenon, special dams were installed. The emergence of the ice hole also led to a change in the climate in the vicinity of the hydroelectric power station: the continentality of the climate decreased, the humidity increased, and fogs began to appear more often in the downstream in winter. Nevertheless, all these phenomena did not spread further than 2 km from the reservoir. Sharp climate fluctuations have been avoided thanks to the construction of the aforementioned Mainskaya HPP with an additional reservoir. In the lower section of the reservoir, the appearance of a large number of waterfowl was also noted.
In 1976, the Sayano-Shushensky Biosphere Reserve was organized, with an area of 3904 km². Its purpose is to monitor changes in nearby ecosystems caused by the construction of a hydropower complex. The director of the reserve, A. Rassolov, claims that there are no global problems with the emergence of hydroelectric power plants in nature.
Friendship and Mutual Assistance Agreement
In the spring of 1974, a very significant event took place for all employees of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: the signing of the so-called "Agreement of Twenty-Eight". It provided for hard collective work for the good of the industry with the involvement of all available and reserve forces. The treaty also supported various trends in the development of technology.
To this day, the aforementioned museum of the hydropower complex contains a steel rod donated to the builders of the hydroelectric power station, tightened into a knot. It symbolizes the friendship that has developed and developed between different groups of workers. For example, cooperation agreements were concluded between concrete carpenters and fitters of the Leningrad metal plant. By 1977, mutual assistance was carried out between 50 teams, and after two years, 170 organizations collaborated!
This amazing object is actually the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Its rich history and technical characteristics are a real reason to be proud of your country!
The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP named after PS Neporozhny is the largest power plant in Russia in terms of installed capacity, and also ranks 7th among the operating hydroelectric power plants in the world. The hydroelectric power station is located on the Yenisei River, on the border of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia, near the village of Cheryomushki.
The station is the upper stage of the Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power plants. Its unique 245-meter arched gravity dam is the tallest dam in Russia and one of the tallest dams in the world. The hydroelectric power station owes its name to the Sayan Mountains and the village of Shushenskoye, located not far from the station, to which V.I.Lenin was once exiled.
Currently, 10 hydroelectric units with a capacity of 640 MW each are installed in the building of the hydroelectric power station, but only 8 of them are in working order. In this regard, the installed capacity of the station as of July 2013 is 5120 MW. The design annual electric power generation of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is approximately 23.5 billion kWh, however, due to the work on the replacement of the main equipment, which began on August 23, 2009, in 2012 the station generated 19.1 billion kWh. ∙ h
Each unit includes a RO-230 / 833-0-677 radial-axial turbine, which operates at a design head of 194 meters and is driven by a water-cooled SVF-1285 / 275-42UHL4 synchronous hydrogenerator.
The construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was started in 1963, but it was only put into permanent industrial operation on December 13, 2000.
The official start-up of the first hydroelectric unit of the hydroelectric power station, which was originally equipped with replaceable impellers RO-140 / 820a-605, operating at a head of 60-120 m, took place on September 20, 1979.
The commissioning of the hydroelectric unit No. 2, on which a changeable impeller was also installed, took place on November 5, 1979. The start-up of the 3rd hydraulic unit with a permanent impeller was carried out on December 21 of the same year.
In 1980, hydroelectric units No. 4 (October 29) and 5 (December 21st) were included in the network, and on November 6, 1981, hydraulic unit No. 6 was put into commercial operation. Hydraulic units No. 7 and 8 earned on September 15 and October 11, 1984, respectively, and No. 9 and 10 - on December 21 and 25, 1985. The replacement of temporary impellers of hydroelectric units No. 1 and 2 with standard ones was carried out in 1987. The Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir was filled up to the level of the NPU in 1990.
By 1986, the station generated 80 billion kWh, thereby recouping the costs of its construction. On May 18, 2001, the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was named after P.S. Neporozhny. In 2003, the enterprise was reorganized into JSC Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which was liquidated in early 2008 by merging with the Russian energy company JSC HydroOGK, which was later renamed JSC RusHydro.
On August 17, 2009, the largest accident in the history of the domestic hydropower industry occurred at the station, as a result of which 75 people died. After that, restoration work began at the station, which should be completed in 2014.
So, on February 24, 2010, the start-up of the recovery hydraulic unit No. 6 took place, while the start-up of the hydraulic unit No. 5 took place on March 22, 2010. The restored hydroelectric unit No. 4 was reconnected to the grid on August 2, 2010, and the hydroelectric unit No. 3, which received a new hydro-generator, was reconnected on December 25 of the same year. Further commissioning of the restored units was carried out in the following order: No. 1 - December 19, 2011; No. 7 - March 15, 2012; No. 8 - June 15, 2012; No. 9 - December 21, 2012; No. 10 - March 4, 2013; No. 6 - in July 2013.
In December 2013, it is planned to completely replace the previously restored hydraulic unit No. 5, the reconstruction of which began in 2012, and in 2014, hydraulic unit No. 2 should be put into permanent operation, as well as replace the previously restored hydraulic units with stationary numbers No. 3 and 4.
