How to make rafters for a single roof. Single roof sump system. Diselet and finish coating

If during the construction of the house you think about how it is correct and interesting to make a roof, then you have two common options - this is a single and dupping form of a roof. Although the bartal roof is very popular, it is quite complicated and there will be a lot of time for its construction. Single-planted roof shape is becoming increasingly popular due to the unusual appearance and ease of installation.

Therefore, in this article we will look at a single-piece roof device, how to properly pick up materials for the roof, how to insulate this part, and how to make work with your own hands. And so that the single roof is properly a single roof, we will provide drawings and photos.

Choose the right roof inclination angle

Single roofs are pretty simple, they are easy to construct, but, most importantly, think everything in advance. The angle of inclination of the roof can be determined depending on the snow, wind load and the climatic conditions of your locality. In addition, it is important to take into account that each material for placing a single-table roof has its own minimal recommended inclination angle. Consider some of them:

Slate and Ondulin - at least 6 degrees.
Ceramic or cement-sand tile - minimum 10 degrees.
Bituminous tile - at least 12 degrees.
Metal tile - minimum 6 degrees.
Asbestos cement plates -luimimum 27 degrees.
Copper, galvanized or zinc-titanium sheets - minimum 17 degrees.
Professional flooring - at least 6 degrees.

In the case when the minimum roof inclination angle is more recommended, there will be no problems if less - it is necessary to redo it to get recommended indicators. When you do not adhere to the installation technology of the roof and roofing material, it can not only start leaking at the joints, but also when the large amount of snow is simply deformed. The most optimal roof inclination angle is about 20 °. But before starting work, it is better to calculate that angle that will suit your area. In addition, when buying, specify this information from consultants, as manufacturers sometimes indicate other numbers of inclination of the roof. It happens that manufacturers may indicate a bias of 14 °, although GOST at the minimum angle of inclination of this material is about 6 °.

Tip! With the bias of the roof less than 12 °, all the joints of the roofing material should be missed by a special composition, which will not allow a single-table roof. To do this, you can use bitumen mastic or roofing sealant.

It is very important to make drawings, thanks to which you can choose angle of inclination of the roof and make the right calculations. If you build a new home or agricultural painting, which is planning to install a single roof, then one of the walls should be raised above. For the correct calculation, the formulas of a rectangular triangle can be used. Take into account that when calculating the length of the soles of the roof is not taken into account. They are needed to protect the walls of the structure from snow and rain. The minimum size of the sink should be at least 20 cm. In any case, it should not stand out on a general background and harmoniously look at the roof.

Tip! There are many design programs with which you can see your idea in 3D measurement. These programs will help you decide which sinks of the roof will suit better and will clearly show your home on the monitor.

Single Roof with your own hands step by step

Installation of the rafter system

A single-piece roof device begins with an assembly of a rafter system. This is the main frame of the roof, to which the roofing material will be installed. To work, you will need:

bar 100 × 100 mm or 150 × 150 mm;
nails;
laying boards, with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
thermal insulation and waterproofing materials;
roulette, stapler, construction level;
chisel, ax, roofing hammer;
saw, knife, screwdriver.

The choice of the rafting system for the roof is completely dependent on the size of the construction and roofing material. In addition, consider from what walls are made. As a support for rafters, Maurylalat is always served.

Roofing Mauerlat

Mauerlat is a bar laid on top of the entire perimeter of the wall. He plays the role of lower support for rafters. If the metallic frame of the rafter is used for your construction, then Maurylalat is made from a chapeller or other metallic material. This element binds the roof with the walls and distributes the load on their entire area. When installing roofing Maurolat, it is necessary under the bottom of the waterproof material (waterproofing). Often, the runneroid is used for this, which is placed in several layers. If this is not done, the wood will begin to rot, and the metal will turn rust over time. It is important to associate each link with two adjacent, which, together with rafters, will turn into a fairly reliable design.

In order to understand how to make a single roof, it is important to take into account what building you take. For example, if it is a barn, hozblock or garage - then too large beams are not required for such construction. If the width of the building reaches up to 6 meters, use single-table roof is beneficial. The thing is that the design is quite simple and does not require the use of backups or runs. Because of this, you can save your strength, time and money. If the building is up to 5.5 m, you can use beams from 50 to 150 mm. If up to 4 meters - from 50 to 100 mm. But in any case, take into account weather conditions in a specific area. In addition, if the angle of inclination is small, it is not worth saving on the beams. After all, otherwise, due to the snow, the roof can simply bend and deformed.

For the design of a single-table roof to 4.5 m, there is a fairly simple frame between the walls of the frame. It consists of two Mauerlated logs, which are fixed on the walls, and rafting beams based on Maurylalat.

For the design of a single-table roof to 6 m, it is additionally needed to be a litter and a subset foot, resting in the beam in the middle.

For the design of a single-sided roof from 6 m, it would be good if inside there was another carrier wall, which will be able to open the racks.

For the design of a single-table roof, more than 12 m, the rafter design will be much more complicated due to the presence of additional subcording legs. If the sides are required to be cutting, for this you need to use the wood of the same section. It is important for reliability to consolidate two wooden lining on the sides, the length of which is at least 60 cm.

In order for the rafter timing to attach to Mauerlat, it is necessary to make a neckline in the rafter to make it in Mauerlat. If you do not want to bother with each rafting, create a template for which you will make the necessary cutout in all bars.

Tip! If you make a roof frame on a wooden house, then the rigid fastening of the rafted to Mauerlate cannot be produced. This is due to the fact that the majority of these buildings are signed. Subsequently, the design can shift. Therefore, for such buildings, fasteners are used, which in the people called "sliding". They are corners that are attached to Mauerlat and movingly related metal strips attached to rafyles. "Sliding" is fixed by two on the rafter foot.

Installing timing

Setting the rafter passes as follows: Fresh rafting beams to Mauerlat. Intermediate distance should be defined depending on the selected roofing material. This is usually from 50 to 80 cm. For attachment you will need an anchor or large nails. Stop the rafylane need the end up or, in other words, "on the edge".

It is important to closely monitor the angle of inclination of each rapid board. If it is discharged, it will be difficult to then set a flat surface for laying roofing material. To simplify your work, install the first and last beam and pull the fishing line. This will serve as a guideline and will significantly simplify your work.

Tip! If all the walls are smooth, and you do not want to take one of the walls above, then there is a way out. Stropil farms save you both money and strength. Farms can be bought ready or make it yourself. For a garage or shed, wood is suitable as a material. For residential premises it is better to use metal.

Selection of roofing material

When choosing a roofing material, it is important to take into account the type of construction. For example, if this is the structure of the shed type - then you can choose not too expensive roofing material. If this residential building is needed to choose a durable, aesthetically beautiful roofing material that will have good sound insulation. The most common materials for the roofing device are submitted below:

All that is required of you is to weigh everything and against, decide on the budget and choose the appropriate material for yourself. After that, you can start a single-piece roof device.

Installation of crates

It is very important to align the base under the roofing material. Otherwise, the roof will be uneven and even droplets are possible. In addition, when installing roofing, it is important to adhere to the technology recommended by the manufacturer.

Hearth roofing

For residential premises, the roof is better insulated. The insulation process is performed in the following order:

Stapler Fresh waterproofing.
Install the insulation.
Put a counterclaim.
We establish a parobarrier.

The most common insulation material is a mineral wool or foam. Usually, 10 cm layer is enough for the roof, but for each region, information should be specified. Below is the scheme of proper insulation.

Output

As we saw from this article, a single roof shape is perfect for a garage or a barn and a roof of private houses. Do not forget to make an inspection of the already made surface for damage. In addition, timely repair is important and with the correctly selected material and technology execution, the excellent result is provided to you!

The simplest coverage used in the construction of new buildings is a single roof, which each master of the host can build it yourself. If you feel about such homeowners and decided to independently make a roof with one slope, then first go through 3 preparatory stages:

Make sure this technical solution is suitable for your home.
Think up the design of the rafter system and perform its drawing.
Check out the nuances of the selection of materials and the construction itself.

All listed information can be found in our article.

Scope of application and disadvantages

The undoubted advantages of a single-sided roof shown in the photo is the simplicity and low cost of building. And the truth is, compared to the broken attic, and the usual duplex roof, it consumes a significantly smaller number of building materials. This is one of the reasons why this design is applied in most budgetary structures.

The roof with one oblique slope is customary to do in the following types of buildings:

in separate baths, garages and sheds;
in the arbor and verandas attached to residential buildings;
at the objects of commercial real estate - pavilions, small stores and warehouses.

The picture is clearly noticeable, how much one facade is above another

But in private houses and large country cottages, a single roof is quite rare, despite the low cost. The reason for this is somewhat significant drawbacks of the design:

Appearance. To ensure the slope of the only slide, it is necessary to withstand the height difference between the facial and rear facade from 0.4 to 2 m. This design is not like everyone.
The device of a residential attic room is practically excluded due to the features of the rafter system.
The roofs with a small bias do not have a useful attic space.

If you know about the following shortcomings in advance, then you can fully put up with them, because for budget and economic buildings they do not play a big role. But there is a nuance, which under certain conditions levels the main advantage of single-sided roofs - low cost.

One slot looks very harmoniously on a attached veranda

With the width of the overlapping span from 4.5 to 6 m, the rafter is sufficiently reinforced by pins. If the distance between supports exceeds 6 m, you will have to collect a rigid roofing design - a farm, which will increase the consumption of timber. If the cost of increasing the facade increases here, then the financial picture will be released too irident.

Council. By making the decision to build a single-piece roof with your own hands, weigh everything in and against, compare with the costs of the bounce roof of a residential building. If the width of the span does not exceed 6 m or the carrier wall is in the center of the building, the hard frame is not necessary to make a rigid frame.

Choosing a rafter system

When erecting any roofing, 2 types of systems are hissing. The first have only 2 points of the support in the form of outer walls, while the second are put on 3 walls (sometimes more), one of which is the inner partition.

If the width of your home or veranda does not exceed 6 m, then boldly take the hanging rafter system shown in the diagram. With a length of up to 4.5 m, the rafter do not need additional backups, and with a width of a span from 4.5 to 6 m, the installation of a pylon is required. This is the cheapest option of the roof, suitable for all sorts of attacks, sheds and small baths.

Note. The span to 7.5 m can be overlapped with a hanging system if you arrange a frame ceiling from the beams and build a so-called shrgel farm. The point is that the middle of the rafters are packed with a grandmother - a rack with a pink, fixed on the ceiling beam.

The spills up to 18 m are divided into areas with a length of not more than 6 m and overlapped with a change in the removal, whose device is shown in the picture. Under a long rafting beam made of two or three boards, additional supports are put on the inner wall partitions. For the rigidity of the farm, the runs are connected to each other, which is shown in the drawing.

As for the installation step rafters, it is better to take a 600 mm interval for single and northern latitudes. In the southern regions where the snow load on the coating is small, this distance can be increased to 1-1.2 m. The roof shake angle takes from the range of 8-45 °, depending on the designation of the building and other conditions. Step-by-step calculation of the angle is described.

On the schedule you can determine the minimum angle of the slope for various coatings

Instructions for performing work

Before making a single roof, it is necessary to correctly select lumber for the rafter system and crate. To this regard, we will give such recommendations:

for a span of a width of up to 4.5 m, rafters from a bar of 15 x 5 cm are suitable, up to 6 m - from the boards of 200 x 50 mm, sprong in pairwise or long;
on the wall strapping (Maurylalat) and Legeny will go a ram 150 x 50 mm;
the cross section of racks, pods and runs - 10 x 5 cm;
the lamp is made from the boards with a thickness of 20-25 mm and 10-15 cm width.

Council. Fastening the frame elements among themselves on nails or with galvanized screws and bolts through metal plates and corners.

For waterproofing, you will need a runneroid and superdiffusion membrane, and for the flooring of the finish coating - metal tile, professional flooring or other roofing material. If we are talking about a residential building, do not forget about insulation: Prepare Minvatu the desired thickness (or other insulation) and vapor barrier film.

Laying Mauerlat.

The strapping bar should be put on the 2 opposite walls where the lumpy legs are based on. If it is planned to be a rejoice in the inner partitions, then the board called the Lena is also laid on them. Exception - log and skew houses, whose walls are ready for mounting rafters.

Mauselata laying technology on the walls from different materials looks like this:

In the brickwork, the studs are mixed in advance to which the strapping bar is attached. Before mounting, the stone wall is covered with 2 layers of rubberoid. If the studs were not supplied, then Mauerlat is fixed with anchor bolts or attracts steel stripes.
Porous walls built from aerated concrete, before assembling Maurolala, it is supposed to be associated with a reinforced concrete belt, as done in the diagram. Studs for fastening are laid in monolith when pouring.
In wooden extensions (verandas, terraces), erected with their own hands, for supporting rafters, it is necessary to attach the second board of the same width to the upper strapping beam of the wall. To establish the upper end of the rafter foot, it is necessary to screw the horizontal agent of 15 x 5 cm to the wall of the existing building. More details this operation is demonstrated below on video.

Note. When laying additional boards on the top of a wooden wall of bars or logs, waterproofing is not necessary to lay waterproofing.

Installation of rafted step by step

Before building a frame, you need to determine the real length of the rafter, taking into account issues for walls forming the cornese skes. However, the visors can be increasing after installation, having sliced \u200b\u200bon the size of the board, the so-called kills sliced \u200b\u200bto the rafter feet. The minimum length of the roof of the roof is 300 mm.

Council. When you need to dock boards in length, overlap them to each other in such a way that the length of the general fit plane is at least 50 cm.

To increase the inner partition to the height of the inclined plane of the roof, collect the frame from the vertical supports connected to the bottom of the ice, and from above - a run. The location of each rack should coincide with the rafal step, which will rely on them. For stability, fasten the frame with a row.
Synod a rafter and cut it from below in three reference points, in order to increase the area of \u200b\u200bfitting to Mauerlat and Lecky, as depicted in the photo.
Install the rafter foot and attach it using screws on steel corners, repeat the operation at 3 points, then go to the next beam.
Cut the legs of the cornice skes, and after they are squeezed below and on the sides of the clapboard. It is more convenient to do it until the roofing coating is laid.

Note. If it is planned to make a smooth ceiling in the room, then you must first install the beams of the overlap, and then build a frame.

If the side frontones are not laid under the slope of the future roof, they should be bred immediately after assembling the rafter system. Otherwise, then you will have to do this work with stairs or build forests. Installation of the solid building of a large building of a large building, see the next video:

Diselet and finish coating

Before laying boards on the roofing skate, the rafting system is covered with a superdiffusion membrane web, providing protection against wind and moisture in the attic space. The canvases need to be treated horizontally, starting from the bottom, and secure a cross segment with a cross section of 5 x 5 cm. The membrane should slightly burn between the rapid legs for water drain, and the adjacent canvas are rolling with each other (the alternation is 15 cm).

Note. For single-sided roofs of sheds, garages and other non-residential and unheated structures, the waterproofing membrane is not necessarily.

The shells of the crates are nailed to rafters with a step depending on the type of roofing:

under metal tile - 35 cm;
for professional flooring and slate - 50-60 cm;
under duch, bituminous and ceramic tiled, the lamp is performed solid.

The last step is a coating device and insulation (if necessary). The thermal roof thermal insulation is better to do in the ceiling, leaving the undeveloped attic cold. How to warm the ceilings, tells.

Conclusion

Installation of a single-table roof of the economic building or an open terrace will not become a big problem. Even if you just started to carpenter, you can build such a roof yourself or together with an assistant. Another thing is a residential building or a bath, here you have to pretty work with the fitting of the frame and insulation. Learning about the assembly of frame roofs, see the learning video:

Designer engineer with experience in construction for more than 8 years ..
He graduated from the Eastern Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dalya in the specialty "Equipment of the Electronic Industry" in 2011.

Related records:

It is planned to build a roof, need a simple design with good characteristics of strength and reliability? In this case, a single option will be a single roof. It will make your home, garage, an extension or other design in its own way. In addition, the Single Roof Single System is simple in the installation. You can do it without having a building experience.

In this article

Why Singo-Powder

The design of the roof of 1 skate has such advantages:

When building, any kind of roofing material can be used on a single-pate roof. Because the angle of inclination may be the smallest, you can build a practically flat roof.
The sailboat of such a design is much less than that of two-tie. This option can be used locally with strong winds.
Ease when installing and operating. You can build it with your own hands.
Little weight compared to other types of roof.
For a single-pate roof, you can build up slots in several floors. This decision will give design to your home.
Construction of a single-table roof is the most economical and does not require much time.
In such a design, water rolls only on the first side.
The roof is suitable for building any type.

Like any other design, a single-sided roof has several minuses:

With a small angle of inclination, the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic room is minimal.
It has a less attractive view. What can be corrected in the presence of a designer's fantasy.

Design calculation

The lines of a single-table roof, in fact, consists of rafting the legs of the weak type. Bashed rafters need to be parallel to each other. She raftered, in turn, have a support for two points. We mainly perform the bearing walls of the building.

Creating an angle of inclination

The required angle of the slope of the skate is achieved in some ways:

When developing a project of a building, one of the walls on which the rafter legs will fall, is made a little higher. This method is common, since it greatly simplifies the design of the rafter. But in this case, there will be more material on the construction of walls. Side walls that are parallel to the rafters attacked the form of a trapezoid.
This method is a type 1. Also, when planning, the frame racks are taken into account. In this embodiment, the extreme racks on one side is higher, and on the other they are lower at a certain height.
At the same height of the walls on one of the walls, vertical racks of the required height are installed. At first glance, such a design is unstable, since the rafting triangles have a free move right and left. But this design of the design is eliminated when the framework of the frame and the trimming tree of the frontal part of the roof is fixed.
You can use single-table farms. This method is quite good in that you can build one farm, to fit it under the desired size and use it as a pattern. And with the help of a template, the rest of the farms can be on Earth. There are ready-made terry farms. They are perfectly fitted for any type of roof. For them, it is enough just to make installation and consolidation to Mauerlat. Next, you can freely wash a single-sided roof of the crate.
When erecting an extension near the house, this method is used. In this case, on one side of the extension, a rack or wall can be scheduled, and on the other - we already have a capital wall of the finished building. Mounting to it can be made using a well-fixed horizontal run or individual attachments, also aligned horizontally. All attachments on the wall of the building are made above the racks or walls of the opposite side.

Determine the side of the roof of the roof

Often the question arises, in which direction to identify the roofs of the roof? In the case of an extension to the house there is no special options. The skate is made in the direction of the building to ensure the free flow of water during the shower.

If a separate building is planned, then you can choose the side. Basically, the location of the skate is made on the back of the building. Although there are cases when the skate is produced on the facade. In such a situation, the choice relies, based on the design style of the building, the territorial features of the site, which is more convenient to pave the system of communications and the like.

But in this case, you should not lose some nuances:

It will be more correct to the location of a single roof in a windy side. Thus, the impact of wind is minimized. After all, the wind, directed in the root with a small angle, is practically not acting on it.
For a rectangular building, you can choose the location of the skate along or across. But here it is necessary to remember that the haltering roof rafters cannot have a limit length. For a certain distance, their gain is required. According to the rules, the free size of the rafter is 4.5 meters. When installing a rafter system, up to 6 meters is required to have a substropyle foot. It is located at an angle of 45 degrees on the support timber.

Crudy scalp

If we are talking about a single-piece roof, then in most cases the angle is not up to 30 degrees. Such a choice is explained by the fact that the roof is strongly vulnerable from the facade side of the building to the wind load. Although the slope of the skate and try to build with a windy side, but this does not exclude the presence of wind from the facade. Therefore, the steep angle of inclination creates high podhing strength. With a strong wind, a high load falls on the roof design.

The skate below is 10 degrees is also unacceptable, as the load on the system rafters during snowfall is immediately increasing. With the beginning of thawed on the edge of the roof, an ice crust appears, which prevents the free gathering of melt water.

It is important to determine the roofing coating angle. After all, for different materials, the manufacturer is also indicated by the manufacturer.

Depending on the material, some standard magnitudes of the corner of the skate can be distinguished:

Up to 2 degrees - almost flat roof. It requires at least 4 layers of coating a roll bitumen. It is necessary to apply it in hot technology. Also required gravel sprinkle, recessed into mastic.
3-5 degrees - suggests three layers of roll coating. Gravel powder can not be used.
9-15 degrees - 2 layers are enough for rolled material. You can also use some types of professional flooring or metal tile.
10-17 degrees - you can drain the wavy slate of the reinforced profile.
11-20 degrees - soft bitumen tile.
14-25 degrees - asbestos-cement slate, with 25 degrees, professional flooring and metal tile lie almost without restrictions.
27-50 degrees - ceramic, cement tile.

Installation

When building a single-table roof with your own hands, with your own hands, you need to use drawings and detailed instructions, where all sizes and the amount of the desired material will be indicated. You can create a diagram to create yourself or find the finished sample on the Internet. You can also order it with construction professionals.

Before starting the construction, you need to choose a ventilated or not ventilated type of roof. The first is perfect for a dwelling, as ventilation provides a comfortable microclimate inside the building. All this is achieved with the help of gaps between waterproofing materials. The second type is suitable for the facilities of the terrace or warehouse.

Construction rafted with a single roof

The solid system of a single-table roof involves a couple of popular ways to install it:

Fastening of a sidnose roof rafted on the bearing walls. In this case, the roof will turn out more economical and there will be less lumber to it. The carrier wall should be at the height level of the roof. Since it rests on the upper part of the rafter.
A triangular farm is constructed, which includes beams and racks. It will unite the construction of the rafter. With this method, it is not necessary to build a carriage wall to the height of the roof, but more wood will go. This method is convenient, as you can mount all farms at the bottom using the template.

When erected, the rafter will need additional supports and soars. The number of such complementary elements depends on:

Slope slope.
Weight rafters.
The length of the roof adjustment nodes with the wall.
Roof material.
Materials of the heat insulating layer.

Step rafal

The distance between the rafters can be determined by the box on which the roof is erected. So that the distance between the rafters was the same, the skates, which relieve the rafting legs are divided into equal sections. Depending on the materials installed, some values \u200b\u200bcan be distinguished:

For rafters from a bar, a step ranges from 1.5-2 meters.
When using paired boards, the distance between the rafters is 1-1.75 meters.
The use of single boards relies on step 0.6-1.2 meters.

Also on the distance between the rafters is influenced by the type of insulation. It is recommended that the heat insulation layer is rigidly installed between the rafalines. After installing the rafter system, you can go to Mauerlat. It will help distribute the load on the walls.

Mounting nuances Mauerlat

Maurylalat is an complementary element of any roof. The bottom edge of the rafter is installed on it. Its fastener is produced to the bearing wall or between the beams of the rafted system. For mounting Maurolalat, it is necessary to use fittings if the walls of the house of a porous material, a corroded wire, if brick walls, anchor bolts for a wooden house.

To extend the service life of Mauerlata, it is necessary to establish it on the waterproofing layer.

Overlapping beams, install them

In addition to Mauerlat, for some constructions of single-table roofs, it is implied for the installation of beams of overlapping. They are based on rafting legs. Such beams are mounted with a step such a rafter system. Fastening rafters to Mauerlat is always made with the help of driving. The clearance between rafters and Mauerlat is minimized.

With a rapid system, more than 4.5 meters are installed subcording legs. They attach strength and exclude the deflection of the rafted timber. The installation site depends on the width of the spans. Single roofing of a huge area without exceptions should include subcording legs. Otherwise, it faces her breakdown or collapse.

It is necessary to remember with increasing the step between the rafters will have to reduce the shaft step or to make it solid.

Mounting a single-table roof, do not forget about some nuances:

Locate the skate with a windy side. In order for the roof does not break with wind.
When you calculate the solry system, you need to consider climatic conditions. This is the amount of snow dropped, storm rains, wind power. The uniform distribution of the load on the rafter will increase the service life.
Taking into account the nesting when calculating materials.
A smaller step of a sindinent roof rafters allows you to withstand the load higher.

Sample Garage Design Example

The walls are built of foam block. First of all, you need to install Mauerlat. With a single-sided roof, it is 2 bars laid on the walls of different heights.

The phased construction scheme of the System of the Scroll consists of:

From the inner sides of both walls set the timber 100x150 mm. Its installation is produced to the waterproofing material of the ruberoid. This will be our Mauerlat. Maurelated fasteners are made using reinforced corners of 90x90. To do this, use a dowel with a diameter of 14 mm.
We take a 50x200 mm board and install 50-60 cm on Mauerlat with a margin. The reserve must exceed the planned sizes of the eaves. After all unnecessary is cut.
We march further drums on the board, the depth of which should not be greater than 1/3 of the boards width.
We make the mark of the walls so that the last rafters do not touch them. Recommended distance 4-5 cm.
With the help of the template we produce the rest of the rafters. Fastening produce brackets or corners.
Considering the width of the sink, we produce the mare. We mount all the elements of the eaves, so that there is a layer of waterproofing between the tree and the wall.
Cut off all surplus and secure a windscreen 25x100 mm.

The simplest scheme of the garage design is made. The following steps will install the crate and flooring roofing material.

Among the high diversity of the roof types, a single roof is considered the most simple and economical. The design requires a minimal amount of materials with simple installation technology. The construction of a single-piece roof can be a good lesson for a beginner roofer. But success, even in a simple matter can be achieved only under the observance of strict technological prescriptions. For high-quality execution of the work and reliability of the roof, it is necessary to know the features and basic rules for the installation of the charter system of a single-table roof.

Roofs with one slope for low-rise construction

Single roofs are most often used in the erection of small-sized buildings, such as terraces, garages, verandas and household facilities. At residential buildings, such a roof can be seen very rarely, most often it is modern construction facilities and high-tech.

An attic room under the roof of a single-sided type has a small area, so it is very difficult to equip the room in this space. In this case, the question may arise, or whether to make the overlap between the attic and the main construction. If the overlap is not advisable, then it can be replaced by its struts and ending legs. This option is very often used by builders in practice.

In general, the solid roof system is similar to the ceiling or half of the sleeve system under the angle, that is, it is a structural element of the structure. For its construction requires removal rafting legs. In other words, a sample roof frame is constructed from strings, which have a solid support at the top and bottom.

As a support for a sideline roof rafters can be used as follows:

Two bearing walls. In this case, the intermediary between the elements of the rafter and walls can be a double mauelalate, an upper timber or a log design of a wooden structure, a reinforced concrete belt, which should be arranged in the construction of walls.
One bearing wall and opposite supports. This method is used in the construction of attachments and canopies. The support of the top heel of the rafter legs falls on the steel bracket, which is screwed to the bearing wall, or on the socket selected in the bearing wall. At the bottom of the landlock relies on the strapping of the support pillars.
Two rows of supports. Support for the upper and lower heel of the rafter feet is the blocking pillars. In this case, you can use supports as elements for fastening and forming a frame.

In private construction, there are most often found small buildings, therefore it is worth getting much easier to get acquainted with the device of the charter system of a single-piece roof. If you understand this issue, you can make all the work with your own hands, bringing the necessary additions and changes.

By making the scheme of the rafted one-piece roof, it is worth considering the direction of the wind and position the slope so that the roof is not reduced with a strong rush.

Approximate parameters of a single-table roof elements

It is possible to make sputum rafylics from sawn timber 2 varieties. Most often it is round dyed logs, plates, which are dyed in two sides log, bar or boards, stitched by a pair.

The cross section of the stringin is determined by the load on the roof from the wind, snow and roof. To determine the parameters of the elements of a single-table roof, you can use the computer program.

But in most cases these values \u200b\u200bare constant:

The rapid frame, overlapping the span of more than 4.5 meters, should be built from the log and plates with a diameter of 18-20 cm and the bar section 10 * 15 cm or 15 * 15 cm.
For smaller spanters, it is possible to build a frame of logs and plates with a diameter of 12-18 cm and a timing of 10 * 10 cm.

And in that, and in another case, a bearing of a bar on dual boards is allowed, the final size of which is similar to the desired section of the beam.

It is very important to understand that it does not follow from the components of a smaller size to construct the rafter systems for single-sided roofs. Even for minor buildings, the specified parameters are the lowest border.

For the manufacture of Maurolat, it is recommended to use a timing by a cross section 18-20 cm. For trenches on the roofs of a large length, it is allowed to take a timber with a cross section of 8 * 8 cm, the logs with a diameter of 10 cm or dual boards, the final size of which is 2.5 * 15 cm.

Rams of Bolshevolnaya Single Roofs are arranged parallel to the skates. In this case, they are used as an additional support and increase the strength characteristics of the structure. For fastening of the runs, the installation of supports and a liter perform, relying on the technology of the construction of a double roof. In this case, no formation of the skate occurs, but is ensured by the Long Skate Plane support. For the manufacture of the runs, a timber segment 18 * 18 cm is used or a diameter with a diameter of 20-26 cm. Racks for runs can be made from a bar with a cross section of 12 cm or logs with a diameter of 13-20 cm. In this case, you can use different methods for fastening a single-table roof. Frequently, the installation of rafters on the beams of overlapping is performed, which facilitates installation.

Distance between Single Roof Slingers

The rafters are installed at a certain distance from each other, which depends on the size of the box, over which the roof is erected. Skat, which will serve as a support of rafalines, must be divided into segments so that the system elements are located at the same distance from each other. It should take into account the dimensions of the materials used and their appearance:

If a timber or plate was used for the manufacture of rafinil, then the distance between them should be 1.5-2 meters.
When using dual rafting boards, there are 1-1.75 meters increments.
If the rafters are made of single board, the distance decreases to 0.6-1.2 meters.

As with all the roofs of the pitched type, the attachment of the sinus-aged roof rafter is performed by the anchor bolts laid in the wall when they are erected, or crutches that are driven into a wooden wall. In addition, each second rafaline is fixed with an annealed wire twist. The mounting of the rafylic to the wall is performed at the point below the Maurolalat by 0.2-0.3 meters. Welts are fixed depending on the material used to build walls. In brick walls, the twist is laid in the process of masonry, the wire is fixed to the wooden walls with a bracket.

To better understand the device rafted a single-piece roof, it is worth considering the options for mounting such structures.

Mounting rafters for a single garage roof

Very often, the garages are erected from foam concrete blocks, so you should find out how the lifting system is arranged in this case. If the reinforced concrete belt does not flood the reinforced concrete belt in the upper part of the walls, then Maurylalat should be put in obligatory. A single roofing system involves the use of a bar laid on the front and rear walls of the garage that have different heights.

By solving the task, how to properly install rafters on a single-piece roof, you need to follow the following order:

The timing with a cross section of 10 * 15 cm is placed flush with the inner surface of the walls. As a result, Mauerlat roofs with one slope is formed. To protect the wooden elements from the effects of foam concrete, laying on the waterproofing material. For mounting Mauerlat, it is recommended to use roofing corners with a size of 9 * 9 cm, setting the fastening at a distance of 0.8 meters. Additionally, they can be strengthened with cast jumper. To the wall corner is attached to dowels with a diameter of 14 mm.
Make a pattern of rafter legs using a 5 * 20 cm board. The length of the single-table liner is determined as follows: the workpiece is installed on the Mauerlat, leaving the reserve at the top and bottom to half a meter. This stock must slightly exceed the standard width of the cornese swell, 0.4-0.5 meters. After installing all the rafter, unnecessary areas are cut.
Mark on the rainbar sites rafter, remembering that the insertion should not be very deep. Most often, this parameter is the third part of the boards width.
Perform the marking of the walls, following the distance between the rafters and the wall, it was at least 5 cm.
Using the template, make rafters on the entire roof, install and fix them using the bracket or corners.
Determine the width of the sink and make the pattern of the mare. To do this, you can use barking boards. The finished pattern is used for the manufacture of all cornice elements. When they are installed, it is necessary to put waterproofing material that exclude the contact of the tree with a concrete wall.
Align the size of the rafted for a single roof and all over the perimeter nourishes the wind board using a size of 2.5 * 10 cm for this.
The solo system for a single-piece roof over the garage of foam concrete blocks is considered ready. Next to the rafters are styled by the crate, determining the step depending on the roofing material.

In the case under consideration, the eaves were formed by the mares. You can use another option that implies the removal of Mauerlat for the perimeter of the construction. The removal is determined by the width of the cornese swell. The length of the rafter in this case also increases on the width of the sink. Between two extreme rafalines need to be made. All other actions are performed according to the standard plan.

Installation of a single rafter system over an extension

Very often there is a need to make an extension to the main building. To match the additional building, the general exterior is recommended to do a single roof. In addition, such a design will not delay the precipitation.

The rafter system of the frame house in this case should have a slope of about 20 degrees. The support for the rafter feet will be the carrier wall of the house and the opposite wall of the extension. If the extension has a length of more than 4.5 meters, then it is necessary to install a pitch, which will ensure the rigidity of the rafter system. The pump is recommended to be installed at an angle of no more than 45 degrees.

For the manufacture of rafting legs, the boards 5 * 20 cm are used, which are installed in 0.7 meters increments. Slopes can be made of 5 * 15 cm boards, and it is better to choose a 2.5 * 10 cm board for the crate.

The construction of a rafter system with one slope is as follows:

The brick wall of the extension is laid by waterproofing material, and the walls with the inner wall plane are installed on top of the wall with a cross section of 10 * 15 cm. The fixation of the timber is performed by bolts installed with an interval of 8-10 cm.
In the carrier wall of the house make grooves depth 12 cm and a slightly more than the thickness of the rafyrene. The distance between the grooves should be about 0.7 meters. Another answer to the question how to fix rafters on a single-piece roof can be the use of P-shaped metal brackets fixed on the wall.
From the board size 5 * 20 cm make the pattern of the rafaline.
According to templates, it is made of all the rafyroids and install them according to the grooves or brackets. The upper part is fastened with metal corners, screwed on one side to the wall, and the other to the rafylic. At the bottom of the fixation performed by brackets or corners.
Using the cutting board, make a pan pattern. In this case, it should be remembered that the angle of inclination should not exceed 45 degrees, and the emphasis below should be positioned below the height of the opposite wall by 0.2-0.3 meters.
To determine the location of the grooves under the soot, you need to visually hold a vertical line from the top groove and retreat for 5 cm in any side. The grooves should also be located 0.7 meters away from each other.
To install a scope in the groove, you need to do the bottom corner of the pan. In this case, the size of the sleeve should be 0.1 m.
To determine the top line, the scrooped was installed in the groove, and the top is applied to the rafylane. The place of their intersection determines the top speaker.
According to this template, you need to make the rest of the sozer and install them using metal gear plates.
Eaves are formed with the help of kills installed on the inclined walls of the extension. Under the kobinki, it is necessary to lay waterproofing.
Next, we are swayed with a rapid system of wind board throughout the perimeter and stipulate the crate.

According to the above scheme, it is possible to install a single-sided rafting system over the verandas and economic blocks.

How to fix a single shed sling system

Minor household buildings and summer kitchens do not need a powerful roof, so it is better to use a single-piece roof for them. For example, you can consider the scheme of a chart of a single-table roof over a barn, designed to store garden inventory. This building is made according to the principle of the construction of a frame for greenhouses, in which the vertical racks are connected by the strapping around the perimeter. The front wall has a slightly larger than the rear wall, so the racks are connected by separate cross.

The algorithm of the device of the rafter system for a single-sided roof over the shed implies the following actions:

Make a chalk leg pattern. To do this, applied the board to the end and mark the locations of the marbles at the top and bottom.
The templates are made by the rest of the rafyled. Make marking on the walls of the barn and fix the rafter legs. During the construction of light buildings, it is enough to use nails or self-tapping screws.
The wind board is naked after mounting the trim around the perimeter of the construction.

The examples of the examples can be used as a basis for individual structures, so the device of a single sump system must be known in detail.

Single roof is quite reasonable to discharge the simplest and economical designs. It attracts the minimum consumption of material and a simple construction process. The construction of a single-sided version can be the first confident step towards an independent roofer.

However, without compliance with the technological prescriptions, there will be no positive result even in elementary business. In order for the result to please reliability, you need to know what is a challenge system of a single-table roof and what claims must be taken into account when it is constructed.

Single roofs are a faithful companion of household structures, terraces, garages attached and separate veranda. Above residential buildings on the expanses of the Fatherland, they are too far rarely, although the number of adherents of Modern styles and Hai-tech tend to grow.

Despite the belonging to the scope category, single-table roofs cannot be unconditionally called attic: the space under the roof is too small for organizing the room. And since the attic does not make sense, it is not always appropriate to separate its overlapping from the construction. Therefore, in practice, the builders of single-table roofs instead of overlapping often install struts and subcording legs.

A simplified rafting skeleton roof frame can be called under the angle of overlapping or half the weed system, which is much closer to the constructive essence. Construct it exclusively from the revolving rafting legs, i.e. From rafaline, which have reliable supports for upper and lower heels.

Among the options for supporting the rafter feet of single-table roofs mean:

Two brick, concrete, wooden walls of different heights. In this case, the solid roof rafylics are based on the walls through Mauerlat laid two unrelated bands. Opportuning can be carried out through a concrete reinforced belt, pre-designed and arranged during the construction period, as well as through the top rows of bruschers or log boxes.
One carrier wall made of concrete, wood, bricks and located opposite the support. It is clear that in this way the extensions and canopies are built. The upper edges of the Stropilin in such cases are based on the steel brackets screwed to the bearing wall or the nests selected in it. Bottom heels are based on the strapping connecting the support pillars.
Two rows of concrete, brick, wooden supports. Both heels of Stroplines are based on the strapping. Moreover, supports can simultaneously serve elements for fastening the skin and forming frame walls.

In private construction, single-sided structures are most often used if the span overlapping does not exceed 4.5 m. The overlap of a more serious span is quite real: for its implementation, it will be necessary to simply increase the system by running, supports, pins.

However, among private traders, few lovers are so large-scale single-sided roofs, because we will consider the simplest representatives and the principles of their structure. Having understood with their design, it will be possible to create your own project by upgrading and making add-ons.

A competently designed project takes into account the need to have a lonely slut from the windward side so that the roof does not break and did not take the imaginary wind.

The average size of the constituents

For the manufacture of utility strings, the forest and sawn timber of the 2nd grade are used. Skar logs are suitable, the plates are the same logs, but dying from two sides. The timber and pairwise stitched boards are used.

The cross section of the rafter legs to build a single-sided roof over the buildings must be calculated taking into account the weight of the roof, snow and wind load. The listed values \u200b\u200bin the medium of folk crafts simply add up and are entered into one of the numerous settlement programs, which are slightly smaller than the legion. In order not to laugh with computing, we present the average cross sections of the rafter legs and related elements used for the construction of single-sided roofs in the middle lane, this is:

The logs and the plates squeezed from them Ø 180-200mm, the timber 100 × 150mm (150 × 150 mm) are used to build a rafter frame, overlapping the span of 4.5m and more.
The logs and plates Ø 120-180mm, the timing of 100 × 100 mm is used if the span is needed to 4.5 m.

The bar in both cases is permissible to replace the pairs of cross-linked board, the sizes of which will eventually allow the beam required by the segment.

It should be remembered that the log Ø is less than 120mm, the plate is less than 70mm thick and the cross section of menene 40 × 150mm in the construction of the rafter structures is not used. Even for inappropriate canopies suitable on the grounds in the middle lane, the specified dimensions are minimum.

If the diagram of the solid sowing roof system predetermines the run device, it is installed parallel to the skates. It is needed to increase the stiffness of the structure as an additional reference system. To fix the run, the supports and the liter are assembled in the same way as dictated. Only the goal is not to form a skate fracture, but in maintaining a large-rod plane. Broadstroke designs are made from a bar of 180 × 180mm or a log of Ø 200-260mm. For the manufacture of racks for runs, the timber is taken with a side of 120mm or a log 130-200mm in diameter.

Single Shot Step Step

The setting step of the rafter legs is determined in accordance with the geometric data of the boxed box. The skates on which the rafylans will have to be opened, they are divided into equal sections so that the distance between the rafters was the same. The breakdown of the skates to their installation is performed, given the size and type of materials used:

For rafting legs made of timber, log logs, installation steps from 1.5m to 2m.
If the rafters are made of a paired board, an installation step from 1m to 1.75m.
For rafaline from a single board, a set step from 0.6m to 1.2m.

The choice of the installation of the rafter feet of warmed roofing structures is influenced by the size of the insulation. It is very convenient if you are installed between the rafters rigidly, with a slight compression. This is a very economical solution, because two layers do not need to be laid, and heat loss are excluded, thanks to the exclusion of the causes of the formation of cold bridges.

Do not forget that with increasing the recommended distance between the rafalines, you will have to reduce the setting step of the crate or to make it solid. A similar choice is not always appropriate from the point of view and costs of labor, and construction costs. It is better to adhere to technological recommendations and calculate in advance that it is more profitable: to install less or strengthen the lining of the skates on one or two rafyrs.

As is customary in the construction of pitched roofs, rafylics are attached to the crutches chopped into a wooden wall or laid in brickwork traffic jams with anchors. Fixation is performed through one rafter foot with an annealed wire twist. The attachment points of the rafter feet to the walls are located below Maurolat for 20-30 cm. Wire twists can be laid during brick masonry. To walls from a bar or logs allowed to be secured by brackets.

Options for single sump frames

In order for the information better to be absorbed, we will analyze several common examples of the device of rafting systems for single-pate roofs. Consider simple construction objects, with the construction of which the master will be able to cope.

Design # 1 - single garage sump

We will analyze the device of the rafter skeleton roof frame over the garage, the walls of which are composed of foam concrete blocks. The reinforced reinforced belt is not covered by the regulatory belt, which is why the procedure of laying Mauerlat is to be. In single roofing structures, it is constructed in the form of two bars laid on the bottling walls.

The process of building a rafter system in stages:

Flush with the internal planes of high and low walls are labeled the timber 100 × 150mm. This is a mauelalate of a single-table roof. Because Brus is to be in contact with foam concrete, it stacked on a rubberoid or similar waterproofing gasket. Breeping a timber than 80 × 90 roofing corners of 90 × 90, enhanced cast jumper. We screw the corners with dowels Ø 14mm.
From the board with a cross section of 50 × 200mm Let's make a pattern of rafters. We install it on Maurylat so that on both sides there was a stock about 55-60cm. The stock must be somewhat larger than the planned width of the cornese soles. It is usually equal to 40-50cm. Surplus after mounting all rafaline cutting.
We note on the installed workpiece of the point of future marks, not forgetting that the depth of the word should be no more than 1/3 of the boards width.
We carry out the marking of the walls so that the extreme rafters on both sides did not touch the concrete wall. It is desirable that between wood and concrete there is a distance of 4-5 cm.
According to the template, we produce rafting legs, install them and secure to Mauerlat with brackets or corners.
From trimming boards, we make the pattern of the mare, taking into account the width of the sink. On the template we make all the cornice elements. Then mount, not forgetting the waterproofing gaskets between wooden parts and a concrete wall.
Spiltivate the surplus of the rafter and nail around the perimeter a wind board with a cross section of 25 × 100mm.

Elementary rafter design for the garage is ready. It remains on the installed rafters to fill the crate to cover a single-piece roof. It can be solid or rarefied. The installation step of rarefied reshetin depends on the type of roofing material.

Eaves in the first example, we formed by mounting the mare. There are a slightly different way that the Mauerlat beams are installed with the removal of the perimeter of the box. The removal is equal to the width of the cornese swell. The rafters are placed so that the extreme elements are just above the edges of Mauerlat. In the space between the extreme and neighboring rafyrene, short deposits are mounted. Further, everything is according to the standard plan.

Design # 2 - Single Roof over an extension

No less often than the previous example, the task of building an extension to an existing building arises. At quite explained reasons, the roof will be a single one. It will fit perfectly in any architectural and landscaped conditions, besides, it will not create threats to accumulate precipitation.

Constructed a rafting system at an angle of 20º, because On top of it will be produced. Removal rafters will be on the capital and located opposite the brick wall of the extension. In the example of a single-table design proposed by us, the span of 4.75m is overlap, it is more than 3.5 m. It means that the hardware is required to provide stiffness. Design and installation of sub-veins are carried out with the condition that their inclination is not desirable to exceed 45º.

The cross section of the chalkboard for the manufacture of the rafting legs is 50 × 200mm. They will be installed after 70cm. Troops Let's make 50 × 150mm from the board, and for the construction of the crates with a 25 × 100mm board.

Algorithm for constructions of a single sump frame:

We set the timing of 100 × 150mm flush with the inner plane of the extension wall, not forgetting pre-lay waterproofing. Fix the bar with bolts through 80-100mm.
In the overhaul on the planned height, they hollow out the grooves for the installation of the upper heels of Stropilin. The depth of grooves 12cm, the width is slightly more than the thickness of the board, step 70cm. Instead of the grooved grooves, you can use metal brackets that are simply screwed to the wall. In shape, they resemble an inverted Literature "P", in which the upper edge of the rafter is placed.
Let's make a pattern of rafting legs. Put a 50 × 200mm board to the place intended for it and celebrate the pressure from both edges. The depth of the top washed, necessary for the installation of the rafylic in the groove, 10 cm. You do not need to do deeper, otherwise the rafaline will be stolen into the wall, and this is undesirable. The size of the top was transferred to the bottom. At the same time we celebrate the vertical line across the width of the cornice.
Taking advantage of the template, we make all the rafter legs and install on the places. For mounting at the top we use metal corners, one side of which is screwed to the wall, the second to the rafylic. Below is fixing the corners or brackets.
We are trying to trim the boards to the overhaul and one of the rafter feet to determine the deforestation point of the groove under the pump. We do not forget that the angle between the wall and the subproof should not exceed 45º, and the lower heel of the pier must continue to the wall at 20-30 cm below the opposite wall.
Having retreated from an imaginary vertical spent through the upper groove, 5-6cm in any direction, damasim the lower row of grooves. We have them every 70cm.
Spil up from the blank of the pierce the lower angle so that the line of the spike is 10 cm.
We try using the workpiece by setting the edge with a marking to the lower groove. On the line intersection of the rafter foot and the workpiece, fade up the top drink.
According to the verified scheme, we make and install all the scrolls. Confirm them to rafalines with metal gear plates.
We form eaves by means of installing the kills on the inclined walls of the extension. Do not forget about the mandatory waterproofing between the brick or concrete wall and made of wood elements of the roof.
We are cutting the perimeter with wind board and mount the crate.

The technology provided in the example is valid not only for the device of single-table roofs over capital extensions. Similarly, covered covered verandas with terraces, shopping blocks.

Much merges are promoted by work if the walls of the main building are composed of a timber, a log or are made on a Canadian frame method. Under the top heels of Stropyl trite, the brackets are installed: the wrows less and the process is moving significantly faster.

Design # 3 - Single Design for Shed

Single roof - an excellent option for the arrangement of household buildings, taking place, summer kitchens. The fundamentalities of such structures need rare units. The simplest options are more active, with the construction of which the owner of the country site will easily cope.

Consider a single-piece roof device over a small barn to storing cottage inventory. Its walls are built on a frame-greenhouse principle by installing vertical racks connected at the perimeter of the strapping. The front and rear walls of the barn differ in height, therefore it is connected not to a single strapping, but separate transverse straps.

The crossbar of the high wall is laid at an angle, which makes it possible to do not do anything for the support of the upper heels of Stropilin. To formed the angle, the high-wall racks are wedged from above under the projected angle.

The algorithm of the device of the solo system is typical. First, the cutting of the board is applied to the end of the construction and outline the lines of the marbles. Then the desired amount of rafter feet was washed down the template. They are installed in the traditional way according to the markup in advance on the walls. For fastening the elements of the rafter system over light household buildings, sufficient nails or self-tappings. Screw or scoring hardware at an angle, trying to not be gaps between the parts connected.

The wind board mount is performed around the perimeter after mounting the walls of the walls. The shed presented in the example there is no cornice soles. However, if you wish, you can make them, setting the rafylic length that takes into account the formation of the soles. Planned laying of a soft roof, which is suitable for a solid crate. The size of the crates from plywood, GVLV, boards or OSP-3 determines the outer plane of the wind board.

The angle of inclination is small, so the use of waterproofing is extremely preferably even if the wetting of items stored in the barn is not too bothering. Waterproofing will protect the wooden details of the construction from rotting and the subsequent inevitable failure.

Visually with the construction of a rafter system for a single-row roof will introduce the video:

We reviewed the most characteristic examples, topical and affordable for its own execution. The technological nuances of typical situations described in detail. These are basic options that can be able to become the basis for our own developments. Dimensions are changed due to individual needs, but the principles of the construction of rafter frameworks for single-sided roofs are stable. To know their useful and independent craftsmen, and the owners who want to competently monitor the work of the builders.