Correct wood floor pie over logs. Floor insulation cake in a wooden house. Concrete screed in a wooden house - reliability and functionality

40% of the heat escapes from the heated room through the walls and floor. The lack of insulation leads to an increase in electricity bills, inefficient use of resources and discomfort in winter and autumn. The floor insulation cake in a wooden house is a multi-layer structure that protects the foundation of the house, eliminates heat leakage and guarantees comfort and convenience.

Insulation material selection criteria

When purchasing building material, you need to pay attention to environmental friendliness and durability. Harmful vapors, dust, odor will cause poisoning, deterioration of health in people and pets. The service life of the insulation should coincide with the duration of the use of the topcoat. Otherwise, it will be necessary to repair the filler, dismantling the laminate, parquet or linoleum, which will cause damage. Waterproofing precedes the installation of insulation and helps to preserve its properties. It protects against moisture, mold and mildew. Microorganisms shorten the life of the foundation materials, cause unpleasant odors and are harmful to health. The process of installing the insulation begins after fixing the screed and pouring or at the time of laying the finishing floor covering. The type of material depends on the moment of installation.

What ingredients are included in the floor insulation cake?

- the base (foundation) of the box of the house. Concrete blocks are common as a base surface. Before laying the floor, the base is cleaned of dust, dirt, paint, varnish, solvents;
- a rough layer of wooden boards;
- waterproofing;
- insulation;
- vapor barrier;
- wooden boards;
- soundproofing;
- finishing decorative layer.

The lack of a layer will lead to problems during the operation of the house. Without waterproofing, the foundation will gradually rot; without soundproofing, you should not expect silence in the room. An incorrectly laid heat-insulating layer will cause drafts along the cold bridges.

For insulation, double floor technology is used. The first layer is laid with rough boards, 20mm thick. A substandard board will do. The rough layer does not need to be reinforced with lags. By means of self-tapping screws, a crate is installed, boards are laid on it. The subfloor should be treated with an antiseptic and it is not recommended to leave gaps of more than 1 cm between the boards. Waterproofing is followed by. The joints are sealed with tape. Logs are installed, empty compartments are clogged with insulation. The next step is to lay a vapor barrier and a finishing floor covering.

Builders resort to a different method of insulating the floor of a wooden house along the logs. They are fixed at a distance of 50 cm on the base or in the log house, the same subfloor is laid and the voids are insulated with material. Does not exclude the need for hydro and vapor barrier. At the end of the work, the finishing layer is laid. It is not necessary to lay the logs on the foundation, they can be held on brick posts. Due to this technology, the space from the foundation to the finishing flooring increases.

To lay the floor insulation cake in a wooden house, you need to buy: logs without defects and deformation, antiseptic, scotch tape, bars, wooden boards, insulation material, vapor barrier, waterproofer, self-tapping screws, materials for the topcoat.

Materials for insulating the floor of a wooden house

The effectiveness of the cake, the service life, and the method of laying depend on the type of material. The construction industry develops every day, and today it will not be difficult to choose a suitable insulation.

- expanded clay. It is filled up during the installation of wooden formwork or during the insulation of the house from the basement. It has a low cost, is easy to fit without construction skill, evens the surface, is an environmentally friendly material. Expanded clay is obtained from clay shale by firing. Thermal conductivity index 0.12W / m * K. A layer of 10 cm is enough for comfort and coziness. Such a layer is identical in characteristics to a thicker solid wood. The density of expanded clay is 250-60 kg per cubic meter. The material has good fire resistance, heat resistance, does not lose its characteristics when exposed to low temperatures. Before laying, the probable load on the floor is calculated, the required layer thickness is determined. Deep unevenness of the base is eliminated, waterproofing is laid. The floor on the logs with their subsequent dismantling is insulated after laying a layer of roofing material and expanded clay is poured next. If the lags are supposed to be left, then the roofing material is placed only in the gaps between the structures. The next layer of the cake includes foil, additional insulation in the form of foam and cement screed. In the case of fixing the log on a brick base, expanded clay is poured into the compartments and the flooring and standard layers of cake are laid on top.

- penoplex. Differs in high density 38kg / m3, low thermal conductivity 0.030 W / m * 0С, hygroscopicity 0.4% of the total volume per day, good sound insulation up to 41dB. It is produced in the form of plates with a width of 600mm, a length of 1200mm. Sheet thickness from 20 to 100mm. The material does not have toxic fumes, is durable, resistant to water, does not become a home for the reproduction of microorganisms, fungi, mold. More expensive than expanded clay. Insulation is mounted on a sand cushion from the side of the door. For sealing, the joints are glued with metallized tape.

- mineral wool. Differs in increased vapor permeability, thermal conductivity 0.032 W / m * K, has a fibrous structure. Easy to fit, has a long service life, does not wrinkle or crumple over time. The amount of harmful impurities in the composition does not exceed the threshold minimum permissible for use in residential premises.

- sawdust. An outdated budget method that is a thing of the past due to the appearance of rodents in the presence of small cracks in the base. Thermal conductivity 0.065 W / m * K. The advantages are affordability, environmental friendliness and availability in any volume. The release of compressed sawdust in the form of granules impregnated with an antiseptic solution improves the performance of the material.

- expanded polystyrene. Does not deform during use, easy to fit, cut to size, safe for health, has an extended service life, is not afraid of moisture, fireproof, not subject to decay. The density of the material is 25-40 kg / cubic meter, the thermal conductivity is 0.042 W / m * K. The material is made from styrene granules filled with gas and processed at high temperatures. Extruded polystyrene foam is resistant to mechanical stress. Stacked polystyrene foam between the beams-lags, the layer thickness is not less than 10 cm. It is important to leave gaps for the material to expand when exposed to high temperatures. Improves sound insulation, retains heat inside the house.

- polyurethane foam. It is applied in a thin layer and hardens in 10 minutes. Density 8-100 kg / cubic meter. The thermal conductivity index is 0.028 W / m * K, the service life is 25-50 years. The material is lightweight, environmentally friendly, not affected by chemical compounds, is not afraid of moisture, low temperatures.

- isolon. It is in demand due to its low cost, thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.040 W / m * K, vapor permeability of 0.001 mg / m * h * Pa and the ability to use at temperatures from -80 to + 80C. Versatile material, easy to fit into hard-to-reach places, safe for humans. Includes a composition of polyethylene foam and a reflective aluminum foil layer.

- thermo foam. Required for sealing air gaps, thermal conductivity index 0.033W / m * K, environmentally friendly composition in accordance with European standards. The basis of the material is waste paper and additive mixtures.

Be sure to leave a 10 cm gap between the insulation and the floor for air circulation. During the design of the foundation of the house, it is necessary to calculate the amount of material for insulation and decide on the installation technology to eliminate errors. Insulation materials with a minimum weight (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene) are easier to install similar products.

A vapor barrier layer will protect the insulation from creating a "plastic bag" effect. Mistakes associated with ignoring the waterproofing layer cost expensive re-repairs and waste of material. The process of laying the insulation cake is consistent, does not tolerate unsealed joints and holes. On a flat base, the layers are stacked easier and faster.

No one disputes the triumphant return of wood flooring, their environmental friendliness and durability have been proven over decades of use. It will be no secret that such "revolutionary materials" as carpet, laminate and are made on the basis of polymers and contain substances harmful to the environment. Whether it's a classic - the warmth and cozy color of natural wood will make the interior of any home comfortable for living.

General requirements

Any objects made of wood means, first of all, installation of floors in a log house from a similar material. This solution will create harmony between the walls and the flooring. The technology of laying wood flooring has been known for a long time, but the improvement of technological procedures continues to this day. The structural diagram of the arrangement of the covering made of wood consists of:

• preparatory (draft) layer;
• finishing flooring.

Regardless of execution the flooring must meet these requirements, how:

• water resistance;
• aesthetics;
• abrasion resistance;
• hygiene;
• durability;
• manufacturability of laying.

In addition, the coating must be warm, easy to clean, have high sound insulation properties and match the interior of the building.

Options for flooring in a wooden frame and the main structural elements

Masters advise using the two most common techniques arrangement of boardwalk in a private house:

• on the ground using logs;
• on floor beams.

The choice of option depends on the design of the object and should be carried out at the initial stages of design construction... In buildings with two levels and rooms with a basement the second way is almost always used - on floor beams... His advantage consists in complete isolation from the ground, moreover, such a structure increases the rigidity of the entire structure. Flaw such installation of floors on logs in a wooden frame consists of increased noise, but the use of special noise-absorbing gaskets will reduce the noise level.

Option with decking on the ground provides for the equipment of supports, on which logs are subsequently laid. Thus, communication with walls is excluded and, accordingly, sound and vibration vibrations are minimal... The basis for the supports can be red brick or concrete masonry. Important! Supports are formed in rows with spans equal to the distance between the lags, usually 0.5-1 meter. A layer of roofing material should be laid under the base of the lag. During work, regularly monitor the lag horizon with a level, their joints should be located only on the support posts.

It will not be superfluous to remove the soil layer to a depth of about 40-50 cm, followed by backfilling the underground space with gravel, crushed stone or river sand.

Depending on the conditions of the functioning of the dwelling plank flooring is divided into two types:

• single- for objects intended for seasonal residence;
• double- for premises with a permanent mode of residence.

First option flooring in wooden log cabins most often used in summer cottages where people spend the summer season. Double construction formed in capital buildings and implies the use insulation, as well as layers of steam and sound insulation.

Single wood flooring technology

In rooms with a small area, beams are mounted and attached directly to the wall. If laying the lag on the support posts is considered, then it is necessary to take into account the requirements that will ensure the reliability of the overall structure. Let's say the gap between the posts is 0.8 m - the bearing beams must have a cross section of at least 100X100 mm. With an increase in the parameters between the supports to 1 meter, 120X120 mm beams will already be required. Lags are mounted across the room at intervals corresponding to the thickness of the boards. For example, a distance of 0.5 m will be sufficient for installing a 28 mm cover. For quality flooring in a wooden frame grooved lumber is used from coniferous or deciduous species with a thickness of 28-40 mm... Traditional location - perpendicular to the wall with windows... The material is fixed with nails, their length is taken from - 2.5 times the thickness of the lumber. Possible two fastening methods:

• normal;
• parquet.

The essence of the conventional method is that the nail is driven into the face of the board. Second option- this is driving a nail at a 45 ° angle into the corner of the ridge.

Important! The very first plank is laid at a distance of 10-15 mm from the wall. It is recommended to initially lay the flooring using a parquet method, i.e. only every sixth board is fixed. As the material dries, the floor is re-paved with less labor. Wedges are used to compact the rows, the gap should not exceed 1 mm.

In order to ventilate the underfloor space, it is necessary to arrange openings in the corners of the floor, which are closed with decorative grilles. Its design should prevent the ingress of foreign objects and water during cleaning. It should be remembered that vents in the flooring are not enough, and provide windows for ventilation in the basement of the building in advance.

Of all the possible options for arranging flooring, it is the simplest and most practical. As a rule, such floors are widespread in the construction of private houses and baths, especially wooden ones, from a log house, or a bar.

This article describes the technology for arranging an insulated log floor. You will learn all the stages of doing the work with your own hands, insulators that are optimally suited for thermal insulation of a log floor in a private house will also be considered.

1 Why is it necessary to insulate a lagged floor?

In general, among the advantages that determine the rationality of arranging a lagged floor, one can single out the possibility of doing all the work with your own hands, without the need to contact construction companies or rent expensive equipment.

Also, an important factor is the speed of arrangement and the simplicity of the technology by which a wooden floor is built with.

Such a design is not deprived of disadvantages - a lagged wooden floor has an order of magnitude less bearing capacity than a concrete screed. Also, due to the peculiarities of wood, it is not recommended to equip a lagged floor in rooms with high air humidity.

Such a floor, in comparison with a concrete screed, dampens impact noise worse, but this issue is solved by high-quality heaters, which in most cases have good sound insulation properties.

Any floor, including a lagged one, is the coldest inner surface in a private house, which, in addition to discomfort, especially in the winter season, can negatively affect health, since a person's feet react very painfully to constant walking on a cold surface.

1.1 Features of insulation

When performing thermal insulation of the floor with materials and, the thermal conductivity of which ranges from 0.3 to 0.4 W / mk, you will need to lay a layer of insulation 150 mm thick if the flooring is located above a cold basement, or 100 mm if the floor is on concrete screed.

The plate insulation is laid between the logs in two layers so that the middle of the upper plate falls at the joints of the lower layer - this technology guarantees the absence of cold bridges (zones with higher thermal conductivity than the main part of the structure), which can be the joints of the insulation.

Also, when insulating a wooden log floor in a private house, a vapor barrier is mandatory. For this, special vapor barrier membranes (films) are used, which are laid on top of the insulation, and protect the material from condensation.

Condensation is the main enemy of any thermal insulation, since when moisture is absorbed, the insulation is prone to loss of its thermal insulation characteristics, weight gain and decay.

Lay a vapor barrier membrane and may also be needed under the insulation. This is necessary in cases where a wooden lagged floor is installed immediately on the surface of the ground, or in a private house, on top of a concrete floor slab located above a damp basement.

To improve the sound insulation properties of the insulation, you can use special acoustic spacers that fit under the logs and contribute to more effective noise reduction. This is a good option if there is some kind of production equipment located under your floor or in the basement of your house.

2 Types of heaters for a log floor

Considering all the requirements that thermal insulation must meet, it is better to carry out the insulation of a lagged floor with the following materials:

• Expanded clay;
• Mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex).

2.1 Expanded clay

Expanded clay is a loose insulation, as a result of which the technology of thermal insulation with expanded clay is fundamentally different from the technology inherent in other heaters.

Thermal insulation of a wooden log floor in a private house with expanded clay, which is made by swelling clay rock, is quite simple - you need to equip the supporting frame, and just scatter the insulation between the logs themselves.

When insulating with expanded clay, the presence of a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer is mandatory, since the porous structure of this material contributes to the fact that the insulation freely absorbs any moisture.

To insulate a wooden floor, it is necessary to use expanded clay with different sizes of fractions. In this case, small pebbles of expanded clay will fill the joints between large elements, while with homogeneous fractions, there will be many air channels in the thermal insulation.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of this material is 0.19 W / mk, which makes expanded clay insulation quite effective, even with a minimum layer of thermal insulation.

2.2 Minvata

2.3 Styrofoam

Foam insulation is an excellent option for budget thermal insulation. At a low cost, this material has relatively good technical characteristics.

The thermal conductivity of the foam is 0.4 W / mk, this material is vapor-tight, and practically does not absorb moisture - when fully immersed in water for 24 hours, the material picks up liquids by no more than 1.5% of its volume.

When insulating a wooden floor with polystyrene, it is necessary to take into account that the effectiveness of this material is somewhat less than that of more expensive heaters, and you will need to use a thicker layer of insulation (which means that the cake will take up more space in the room).

For thermal insulation of the floor in a private wooden house, the best option is PBS S-30 foam (they are made).

2.4 Penoplex

Penoplex is an improved version of conventional foam. This material is rightfully considered one of the best insulation materials, since in terms of technical characteristics it surpasses most of the thermal insulation materials.

Penoplex thermal conductivity is 0.28 W / mk, moisture absorption in 24 hours - 02%. Also, the material is characterized by a high vapor-insulating ability, since the insulation consists of completely closed cells, through which neither steam nor moisture penetrates.

In addition to effective thermal insulation, foam insulation solves the issue of sound insulation - such a cake is able to muffle airborne noise within 41 dB.

In general, if your finances do not limit the choice of insulation, then it is better to insulate the wooden lagged floor in the house with either penoplex or mineral wool. Penoplex insulation will cost a little less, since such a cake does not require additional vapor barrier.

2.5 Technology of arrangement of insulated lag floor

The creation of an insulated lagged floor does not require special construction skills. If you have the necessary tools with your own hands, you can make such a cake for the floor in 1-2 days.

To insulate a lagged floor with mineral wool (insulation with penoplex requires the same), you will need the following materials:

• Slab mineral wool with a density of about 20 kg / m³;
• Vapor barrier membrane;
• Waterproofing film;
• Polyurethane foam, or liquid foam insulation;
• Reinforcing aluminum tape;
• Wooden bar (the thickness of the bar is determined based on the desired floor height and the thickness of the insulation used, optimally 15-20 centimeters);
• Nails, screws.

Depending on the characteristics of the house, the technology for fixing the lags on the floor may differ. There are several ways to fix the frame:

• In a wooden house, logs can be installed on load-bearing beams;
• Spacers made of boards are installed between the lags (the simplest option)
• In a brick house, where a screed is used as a subfloor, the logs are fixed with dowels, using a metal corner;
• Also, logs are sometimes cut into the basement of the house, but this technology is very rarely used due to its laboriousness.

2.6 Stages of creating an insulated lag floor

1. A lagged frame is created. The pitch of the frame can vary between 50-100 cm. It is optimal if the pitch between the lags corresponds to the width of the heat-insulating material (mineral wool, as a rule, is produced in slabs with a width of 61 cm).
2. From below, on each side of the timber, slats are nailed - cranial bars, on which the subfloor covering is installed.
3. It is recommended to leave 5mm gaps between the subfloor boards, which will serve as ventilation.
4. A waterproofing film is rolled out over the entire surface of the subfloor. It is most convenient to fix it with a construction stapler.
5. The joints of the film are glued with a reinforcing tape.
6. On top of the fixed waterproofing, insulation is tightly laid between the logs.
7. A vapor barrier membrane is fixed on top of the insulation.
8. The joints between the film and the walls are foamed with liquid penoizol, additionally protecting the cake.
9. The logs are sheathed with a front floor covering made of boards.

2.7 Features of warming a lagged floor with your own hands (video)

When constructing wooden and frame houses, standing on a reinforced concrete "tape" or piles, it is important not to make a mistake in the construction of the subfloor and correctly insulate it. Not only the comfort of living, but also the durability of the building directly depends on this.

Option for the construction of the first floor overlap

The floor of the first floor, which is not supported along the entire plane, must be strong enough to take all the load. In addition, it must be reliably insulated, otherwise in cold weather the house will freeze through the "sole" and organize ventilation of the subfloor. Otherwise, due to stagnant air, wooden beams will damp and rot. How can these complex requirements be met?

First of all, the strip foundation of the house is covered with shut-off waterproofing, on top of which a strapping is laid, assembled from a bar with a cross section of 75 × 100 mm to 200 × 220 mm (depending on the expected loads).

When creating a floor on logs, it is necessary to use a fine-mesh metal mesh to protect against rodents.

The next step is installation beams... For these purposes, boards or timber are usually used with a thickness of 50 mm and a width of 150 mm. They are inserted into the grooves cut in the strapping beam. The step between the lags can be 40, 50 and 60 cm.

Then proceed to the device of the black floor, which serves as the basis of the "pie". Today, many builders prefer to use the technology of laying sub-floor boards on cranial bars, which are attached on both sides of each log, and boards, OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood are already laid on them.

The installation of the cranial bars is a relatively easy job, and the desire of the builders to make their life easier is understandable. But there is one very important point: the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of the floor directly depends on the height of the log. For central Russia, the minimum insulation layer is 150 mm, the recommended one is 200 mm. The size of the cranial blocks is 50 × 50 mm, which means that the thermal insulation automatically becomes 5 cm thinner. You also need to subtract the thickness of the subfloor boards - 25 mm. All this leads to the fact that you have to make a thinner layer of insulation or, in the case of mineral wool, press down the slabs so that you can lay a vapor barrier and put a floor covering. But the higher the density of the insulation, the lower its effectiveness. In addition, in such a design, it is no longer possible to make a ventilation gap between the insulation and the vapor barrier.

Without proper air exchange, the subfloor "suffocates", which inevitably leads to the appearance of condensation and wood decay

In an effort to minimize the problem, some manufacturers use 40x40mm or even 20x40mm bars. But there are also disadvantages here. The thinner the bar, the less stress it can bear. This means that you have to narrow the step between the beams. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the total number of lags, and, as a consequence, to additional costs.

The second option for creating a black floor is a solid flooring device made of inch boards or moisture-resistant plywood, OSB-3 boards with a thickness of at least 16 mm, screwed with self-tapping screws along the lower plane of the log. Installation of such a "carpet" is a rather laborious process, but the result is worth the effort. Indeed, in this case, you can make a layer of insulation of the proper thickness and not be afraid of freezing even in the most severe frosts. In addition, it should be borne in mind that this option involves installation work from the underground, and this is possible only when technological manholes are provided in the foundation.

As far as the subfloor material is concerned, it must be well dried. Permissible humidity - no more than 20%. Before installing the subfloor boards and the logs themselves, the antiseptic should be impregnated twice with an interval of at least 5 hours in order to reliably protect against moisture, rot and wood-boring insects. The choice of antiseptic should be taken seriously, since the beams will be hidden under the flooring. The owners of the house will learn that they are rotten only after the fact, when the floor begins to bend, or even completely fail.

When choosing an antiseptic for the subfloor, you should not save money by purchasing dubious products from little-known manufacturers.

There are two main groups of antiseptics. Organic preparations they penetrate deeply into the wood, but exude a pungent and unpleasant odor, which, however, disappears rather quickly. Application with these chemicals is best done by dipping, but if this is not possible, roller or brush application is acceptable. Water-soluble products are odorless. They do not seep into the thickness of the material, so they need to be rubbed vigorously with a brush until foam appears. It indicates that the drug has entered into a chemical reaction with wood, which means that antiseptic treatment is going well.

Another key element of the sex pie is hydrosolation... The tree must be protected from moisture. Many people use plain plastic wrap for cost reasons. But it should be borne in mind that this material does not tolerate negative temperatures poorly. In a country house that is not heated in winter, as well as in a house with a cold cellar, such protection will not last long. However, polyethylene is quite acceptable for cottages designed for year-round living. And yet it would be wiser to use special waterproof membranes.

Correct laying of insulation

Now is the time to talk about insulation... In temperate climates, there is enough expanded clay, covered between the beams. But for central Russia, mineral (stone wool) is more suitable. In this case, the step between the lags should be about 55 cm. The fact is that the slabs are 60 cm wide and between the lags they are laid by surprise, thus excluding the appearance of cracks and the formation of cold bridges in the future.

The slab insulation should be laid in two layers, with an offset of the seams, in order to prevent the formation of through cracks

More budgetary (but less efficient and durable) Styrofoam can also be used as insulation. In this case, it is advisable to close all joints with polyurethane foam in order to create a continuous heat-insulating layer without thermal breaks.

Some construction companies prefer to insulate subfloors with so-called ecowool, a relatively new material for us, based on recycled paper. This heat insulator has been used in Europe and the USA for many decades and has earned its well-deserved popularity there.

Cork agglomerate also shows itself well. This is an almost eternal material that is not afraid of water, cold or heat. But unfortunately, it is very expensive, so it is rarely used in private housing construction.

"Pie" floor with ventilation gap

Ventilation gap... To prevent the insulation from getting wet and, as a result, rotting of wooden structural elements, you need to make an air gap, more precisely, a gap of 50 mm, which will ensure the removal of steam. Usually it is created by means of bars with a cross section of 50 × 50 mm, nailed to the beams.

Subsequently, when it comes to laying the finished floor, it will be necessary to ensure the flow of fresh air into the underground space. To do this, it is enough to make a small gap between the flooring and the wall, and cover it with a plinth. Alternatively, ventilation grilles can be placed in two or three places.

The next layer of the "pie" - vapor barrier membrane... It serves to prevent water vapor from entering the thickness of the insulation. There are much more of them in the house than you might imagine: using taps and showers, hanging laundry after washing, indoor plants, human breathing, etc. Without a vapor-permeable coating, the heat insulator will accumulate this moisture in itself. And in a wet state, it loses all its properties.

The vapor barrier should be laid with an overlap of the canvases of 20-30 cm.For greater reliability, the seams are glued with special tape

And finally, the final stage of work is laying flooring under the final floor... It can be moisture resistant plywood, particle board, gypsum board, edged board and chipboard. The thickness of the material is selected based on the distance between the beams. And it is important to comply with these standards, otherwise the flooring will bend, which will inevitably lead to damage to the finish coating.

Subfloor subfloor thickness depending on the beam pitch

Finally, after laying the flooring, you can start finishing the floor, and if done correctly, the structure will last for many decades. If parquet or PVC tiles will be used as the topcoat, the flooring should be two-layer. In this case, the plates, of course, need to be laid apart. And one more important requirement. In chipboards, the formaldehyde emission should be as low as possible. Only materials of groups E0 or E1 are allowed. Failure to comply with this condition is fraught with unpleasant odors in the room and, in the long term, damage to the health of residents.

A clean wooden floor is laid on logs in various ways. Which of the technologies is optimal in a particular case depends on many factors, including the financial capabilities of the owner, geological and climatic features. All technologies are always based on the classical method. What options for flooring in a wooden house are most often used, we will consider their design features in this article.

It is customary to understand lags as a rectangular bar, but in fact this concept includes several design solutions at once:

1. The thinnest part of the log has a cross section of at least 150 mm;
2. A log hewn on both sides with a cross section of at least 150 mm;
3. Spliced ​​in pairs boards with a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 25 mm;
4. A bar of rectangular cross-section, of various cross-sections, depending on the future load. The cross-section of the sex lags is calculated depending on the load and the step width. In accordance with GOST, the minimum applied section is 100x150 mm with a step of 60 cm;
5. I-beam metal channel;
6. Slats used during dry leveling and insulation;
7. Plastic long-dimensional elements used in the complete set of screeds in the factory.

Lag laying method

Any logs made of various materials have one functional purpose: fixing and installing the final and subfloor in a wooden house.

According to the installation design, the beams are divided:

• Laying on wooden beams;
• Laying on slabs;
• Laying on a support post;
• Laying on prepared ground.

Relationship between floor structure and groundwater occurrence

From the proximity of the occurrence of groundwater and the design features, it is determined whether or not there will be a subfloor. The smaller the distance from the log to the ground, the less labor-intensive the installation. The structure according to GOST is distinguished by the level of the seasonal arrangement of groundwater, they also dictate the type of construction:

1. If the groundwater is low, then the simplest floor structure without a subfloor can be made. This option can be observed in suburban construction or in garden houses. For the southern regions and in central Russia, this method is advisable in residential construction if the basement of the house is higher than 1 m.
2. If the groundwater is close to the surface of the soil, then the wooden floor and logs must be protected from harmful effects. In this case, support posts made of silicate bricks or concrete are laid out.

You can find out the level of groundwater in the area and determine which floor device is most suitable for the implementation of construction on a map at the local meteorological service.

Classic floor construction

As we have already said, all floor structures are divided into: with and without underground space. Without the underfloor device, it is cold and needs to be insulated. Several ways have been invented for this. More interesting are floors with an underground floor. They are made thermally insulated and not. Heat-insulated ones are subdivided depending on the location of the insulating part: between supports or lags. Among the greater variety, the simplest is the cold floor device.

Features of the installation of a classic cold floor

Laying on dry soil is carried out in several stages:

1. Soil preparation: the soil-vegetation layer is removed and the earth is rammed,
2. The second step is to fill up the sand pillow; as an economy, you can use construction waste by mixing it with sand or crushed stone with sand. This pillow is again carefully tamped. You can ram the layers with a hand tool, which is made from a heavy block and a bar. which is attached from the top across.
3. A frame for the floor is made from another layer of sand or clay or slag. This layer should have a thickness of d 2-3 times more than the cross-section of the timber used as a lag. The main thing is that this layer is dry enough and protects the wooden floor from moisture. This layer is filled in flush with the lags of the future floor.

The most economical construction option is the use of slag, but it needs to lie down before use, so you need to purchase it a year before laying.

Since wood is susceptible to fungi and mold, before laying wooden logs in the finishing layer, you need to cover with an antiseptic and dry. Logs are laid with a step of 60-65 cm, this is enough for a sheet pile construction with a width of 35-40 mm. If you use a wide board for the floor in a wooden house in a cold way, then over time it will warp. Do not forget that such a tan must have ventilation. Ventilation acts as a hood, it must be done in the form of holes in the baseboards on both sides.

When laying genital lags an important point is an their location. Each board is cut out of wood, which has annual rings, and should be guided by them. Laying should be such that the pattern is directed in opposite directions at each subsequent board, so they will not let each other warp.

Features of installation of an insulated classic floor

This version of the flooring in a wooden house is laid on a kind of cake on wooden beams. The construction of a pie for hydro and thermal insulation of a wooden floor is intended. The main layers of the pie on the beams are performed in stages:

1. A pit is being dug, the bottom of which is lined with insulating material, for example, roofing material or bags of lime or cement. If bags are selected, then they are laid out in 2 layers.
2. The next step is to fill in a black pillow with a thickness of 8-10 cm and carefully tamp it and fill it with a solution of lime (5 parts of water x 1 part of lime).
3. All this is covered with a waterproofing layer, for example, from roofing material. the joints are glued with a bitumen solution.
4. The next layer of the cake consists of fiberboard. Plates are taken with a thickness of 30 mm.
5. On the fiberboard, an expanded clay pillow is poured from a material of a fine fraction in a thickness of 8-9 cm.
6. The most final layer of the cake will be concrete pouring, the main part of which is sand.
7. Then the logs are laid with a step of 60 cm, on which the floor is attached.

These are schemes of a classic floor construction without an underground with insulation. But for residential buildings, this option is not the best. For a wooden house in urban areas, it is better to use a structure with an underground, where insulation occurs along the beams from above, which we will talk about below.

Classic floor construction with underfloor

For this design, soil preparation is performed in the same way as in the first two cases. The most important design difference is that instead of a sand cushion, in this case, lined columns or solid concrete ones are used. The pillars are laid on a pre-poured foundation, each has its own or common to all. The width of the foundation device should be wider by 5-6 cm of the pillar.

In the construction of a floor with an underfloor, finishing boards must be laid “in a cross” with logs. It is good if the direction of the wooden floorboards is parallel to the light falling from the window in the room. If the floor does not have a crate on top for additional insulation, then the joists are mounted across the direction of the boards. All measurements are carried out starting from the central axes of the columns and the lag. From above, the pillars are covered with a layer of waterproofing from roofing material. The first lag is mounted with a gap of 10-20 cm from the wall, the same is done with the opposite end lag.

The underfloor of a cold structure is covered with a pillow of expanded clay or slag. But you always need to leave 5-6 cm to the lag not covered, this will be a ventilated gap. To make the ventilation of the underground space better, holes are made in the baseboard. According to GOST, ventilation for an area of ​​15 m2 involves 2 holes. For better ventilation, they are made on opposite sides of a wooden house. And in order to prevent rodents from climbing into the ventilation, a metal mesh is installed in the device.

There is a more modern method of ventilation, when the main pipe is taken underground and ventilation is carried out under the influence of natural draft.

The main difference between the underfloor heating device and the cold one is an additional lathing on the joists along the beams, not from the side of the underground, but from the side of the house, where the insulation is placed. For such a design, a rail is nailed on both sides along the beams, which will hold the crate. Waterproofing from an ordinary PVC film is laid on the crate, on top of which mineral wool is laid or expanded clay from a fine fraction is poured. But between the upper point of the log and the insulation, a ventilated gap should remain. To ventilate the underground space, in this case, ventilation is done in the basement of the house with a step of 5-6 m. In the winter season, the perfumes in the basement are closed, the easiest way is to do it with foam, in the spring it is just cut out with a clerical knife.

These are the main design options for a classic floor model in a wooden house, which are complemented by different components. Wooden floors in the house are environmentally friendly and beautiful, but after installation, various problems may appear, for example, creaking. We will talk about how to deal with this further.

How to deal with a squeaky floor

To understand how to eliminate the squeak, you need to find its cause. And there may be several of these: the board rubs against the nail, the floorboard itself creaks, the logs creak, the baseboards are improperly mounted, the ventilation is not equipped and the floor gets wet, etc.

If the reason is in the lags, you need to carefully examine the lags of the wooden floor and if there are any irregularities they are trimmed. If the creak does not stop after that, then the lag needs to be replaced.

If the reason is in the board, you need to carefully examine how the boards move when a person passes over them and see if they rub against each other. To solve the problem, you can try to pour talcum powder between the boards or pour PVA glue. In fact, there are many ways, but there are several traditional ways to deal with the squeak of a wooden floor:

1. A wooden wedge is hammered into the gap between the creaking boards.
2. If this does not help, a screw is driven in between the boards, the head of which bites off, and the hole is putty and painted over.
3. This is the most time consuming method with pins. The joints of the floorboards are shot with holes of 10-15 mm with a step of 15-30 cm. Round pins are made of wood and carefully coated with PVA glue and hammered into the holes. The surface is sanded and painted.
4. The floorboard in the creaking places is additionally screwed to the logs with hardened self-tapping screws with a pitch of 50 mm.
5. Thin strips are cut out of felt, which are laid out along the length of the floor in increments of 40-50 mm and covered with fiberboard.

Any of the methods is considered effective against squeak, but with proper installation of a wooden floor on logs, even a structure made of ordinary boards will be quiet.