The use of geotextiles for various purposes. Features of the use of geotextiles in landscape design Geotextiles in the garden and vegetable garden

Gardeners and summer residents constantly use industry innovations to decorate and facilitate work on the garden plot. Among the many advanced materials, the most popular today is the use of geotextiles in horticulture. As the functions and capabilities of this fabric, it can be used in the arrangement of a home outside the city or a garden plot.

Types and properties of geotextile fabric

Geotextile is a synthetic material used in construction, industry and horticulture for working with soil. There are three main types of geotextile fabric:

• Needle-punched geotextile. It is made of polyester fibers using a needle-punched method through the basis of the fabric. Such material passes moisture well, but has average strength characteristics. Used in gardening and gardening.
• Thermally bonded geotextile. This type is thermally bonded, therefore it has lower moisture permeability, but it has high strength. Widely applicable in construction and earthworks.
• Knitting and stitching geotextiles. Fibers are held together by filaments using a bonding method. Such geotextiles are very durable, but if the fastening thread is damaged, the entire canvas can bloom. It is used in the economy and construction only in Russia.

The popularity of geofabric is growing due to its versatile properties and capabilities:

• High strength and resistance to external influences. Geofiber does not rot, does not deteriorate from time to time and does not attract the attention of rodents and other pests. Thermally bonded geotextiles, as the most durable, are used for insulation, reinforcement and preservation of soil layers.
• Environmental friendliness. When wet, warming up or overcooling and experiencing the influence of UV radiation, geotextiles do not emit harmful chemical gases or substances, do not decompose into components harmful to the environment.
• Water and breathability. Geotextile is a breathable, permeable material, so it is good for use in gardening as drainages, restrictors of root and weed growth, and site division.
• Ease of use and cost effective. Geotextiles are affordable for any average family. This material is sold in convenient rolls, it is easy to cut and fits evenly.

The high functionality of geotextile fiber makes it possible to use it in various areas of the economy. Gardeners use agrofibre for garden beds, flower beds, garden paths, makeshift ponds and fountains.

Geotextiles are popular for use in the installation of paving slabs. Geotextile fabric is laid on a layer of crushed stone, and a layer of sand is poured on top. This prevents mixing of materials and significantly saves their consumption. The tile lays down easily and evenly, without changing position over time

When planning a garden with the help of geotextiles, you can solve the problems of tree roots growth, leaching of the fertile soil layer and the growth of weeds in the beds.

Geotextiles are effectively used to decorate the design of the courtyard, dividing architectural structures, recreation areas, strengthening mobile soil covers and concrete floors

Variants of using geotextiles in the country

Option # 1 - garden landscape layout

The use of agrofibre allows you to solve many problems that are encountered when planning a landscape and garden buildings:

• This material can reliably insulate the foundation and concrete floors from excess moisture and the destructive effect of tree roots.
• Geotextile is widely used to contain moving soils and to create the desired landscape of sloping areas.
• Indispensable for geotextiles when creating garden paths and lawns. A granite path cannot be washed away by rain, and it will not mix with the ground if a geotextile cloth is laid on the lower layer. Geofiber is also often used in lawn planning to protect against weeds and simplify lawn maintenance.
• It is also possible to save materials when laying paving slabs using geotextiles. To do this, lay agrofibre on a flat gravel base, and then fill in a small layer of sand (5-10 cm). Now you can safely lay the tiled pattern.

For laying heavy paving stones between the lower layers of sand and a special mixture, dense agrotextiles must be lined. So mixing sand with other materials will be excluded, and the work itself will be easier and faster.

Option # 2 - arrangement of artificial reservoirs

It is very beneficial to use agrofibre for arranging decorative waterfalls, home ponds and swimming pools. A bowl of pools and fountains is covered with geotextiles over insulating materials. Such a surface holds well decorative stones and equipment for ponds. Also, geotextiles are laid out under the stone steps of the waterfalls to provide more reliable insulation.

Geotextiles are useful for creating a small pond in the garden with steps over which water jets will flow. The bottom and steps are lined with dense geotextile and fixed with stones

It is beneficial to cover the areas around the reservoirs with a layer of agrofibre so that weeds and roots do not harm the equipment and the pool bowl.

Drainage or plumbing systems on the site are arranged using geofiber. Fabric is laid out in the trench, rubble is poured, pipes are mounted and wrapped around with geotextiles along with rubble

Option # 3 - growing fruit trees and horticultural crops

And the most widespread use of agrofibre today is observed in horticulture. Growing seedlings, organizing fertile beds and flower beds, isolating the root system, planting grapes, dividing plantings and much more without the use of geotextile fabrics:

• If the bottom of the garden bed or flower garden is covered with agrofibre, you will provide protection from weeds, good drainage and a warming effect for the plants;
• The hole for fruit trees and shrubs can also be laid out with geotextile, which will help solve the problem of root growth and protect plants from pests;
• You can cover plantings and heat-loving trees for the winter with a layer of geotextile. This will reliably insulate the beds and provide the necessary microclimate for plants in winter;
• Geotextiles can also be used to retain moisture in the roots of fruit bushes of currants, strawberries, vegetables, melons. For this, the soil is covered with agrofibre, in which small cuts are made. Garden crops are planted in them. The weed problem is also being successfully solved.

How to lay geotextiles in the country

In construction, before working with geotextile fibers, the soil is carefully leveled and covered with a layer of sand and gravel. For garden work, precise alignment and planning of the base is not required, but some points must still be taken into account.

To effectively lay out garden paths with tiles, geotextile is lined on the bottom layer of rubble. Sand or a dry mixture of tile glue is poured on top. Now you can lay out the sidewalks of your garden easily and evenly

Method # 1 - laying geofiber for beds and flower beds

For the formation of beds and flower beds, the layer of earth is removed by 30-50 cm. The bottom of the future flower bed or vegetable garden is covered with sand by 5-10 cm and laid out with agrofibre so that its edges cover the entire ditch, reaching the surface layer of the earth. Then the remaining layers of the bed are laid: drainage (if necessary) and chernozem.

Agrofibre will help to significantly increase the yield of garden strawberries. You need to cut small holes in it and lay out the material on the prepared soil. Fruit bushes are planted in the holes. The soil and roots retain moisture in this way, and weeds cease to bother plantings and owners

Method # 2 - installation of geotextiles for summer cottages

A layer of gravel and sand is poured into the prepared pit for the bowl of a garden fountain or pool. A high-quality waterproofing material is laid out and geotextile fiber is placed on top.

The creation of reservoirs in the garden is also not complete without geotextile fabric. So, you can create a real mountain stream with a bottom made of decorative stone, if a layer of geotextile is lined on the waterproofing, and covered with beautiful stones on top.

Now you can decorate the bottom of the pool with granite or pebbles. A ready-made capital pool can also be covered with geofiber if you want to decorate the bottom with stone or glass boulders, pebbles, granite or multi-colored stones.

Geotextile is an inexpensive, innovative material that will help create a unique design and a flawless landscape for your garden. Affordable price and simplicity of working with agrofibre makes it especially attractive for gardeners who do not have construction skills and special equipment. Working with geotextile fabric in the garden is new opportunities for the modern summer resident.

(19 estimates, average: 4,18 out of 5)

Geofabric is a building material that is made in the form of a solid or woven fabric of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or other polymer substance. Geofiber found wide application in landscape design, arrangement of pedestrian paths, highways and communications, gardening and other fields of land use.

Applications

Density of the canvas

The key parameter of geotextiles is density. It affects what kind of load the material can withstand and, accordingly, its purpose. Conventionally, canvases are divided into three types:

Application in the country

Garden geotextiles are used in cases where the composition of the soil does not allow growing cultivated plants in it. The upper layer of alkaline or acidic earth is removed, a geomembrane is spread and covered with a layer of fertile soil. The sealing property of the material does not allow plant roots to come into contact with unsuitable soil, due to which they develop normally.

The use of geotextiles is also justified to protect crops from pest birds. The pores of the film allow water to pass through and allow the earth to breathe, while it has sufficient transparency so that the seedlings receive the right amount of heat and light from the sun. When the plants sprout the geomembrane is removed... At the summer cottage, greenhouses and hotbeds are made with the help of film. Due to its tightness, it retains heat well and protects plants from frost. With reliable fixation, it is not afraid of sudden gusts of wind, and if the thickness of the sheets is chosen correctly, then suddenly snow falls.

Due to its insulating property, the material is used to protect garden plants - trees and beds are wrapped with it, protecting them from bad weather. Sometimes the root system of shrubs and trees is covered with a film - it retains moisture and does not allow the soil to dry out.

Garden path geotextiles prevent surface erosion and weed growth. This path turns out to be smooth and neat. More material can be used to create artificial reservoirs and fountains- they line the bottom and seal the communications.

The microporous membrane can be used to organize drainage and filtration fields - it prevents soil erosion and distributes water evenly over the surface. The use of material for this purpose is very justified, because it is not afraid of moisture, mechanical stress, the effects of rodents and insects. You can put the material on either side.

Dornit can be used for drainage - an invention of domestic scientists. This is a needle-punched geosynthetics that does not act as part of the drainage system, but itself is a full-fledged drainage layer. It is laid on a prepared area and covered with gravel or sand in accordance with the instructions for creating drainage.

Special tools and skills are not required to work with geotextiles. Any complex shape can be cut using an ordinary clerical knife. The material is relatively lightweight and therefore easy to transport. Before purchasing geotextile for a specific type of work, find out its characteristics - it must be of the appropriate thickness.

Characteristics affecting cost

1. Density. The higher the density, the higher the price.
2. Type of. Standard geotextiles will be cheaper than with additional additives that improve its properties.
3. The quality of the raw materials. Sheets made of polymer monofilament will cost more than those made from waste from other industries.

Laying rules

Geotextiles are laid on a flat, previously prepared surface. The sheets are overlapped on top of each other - this increases their consumption. An alternative way of joining is welding or stitching joints. The material is fixed to the soil using anchors - they are inserted every 1.5-2 running meters of the canvas. This measure increases the wind resistance and low tension of the material.

In stores, geotextiles are sold in rolls with a width of 2 to 12 m and a web length of 2-150 m. As you can see, this is a universal material - its use in everyday life and construction is unlimited. The owner of the garden plot himself can be smart and use the material where necessary. The main thing here is to choose the right type of material, based on its characteristics.

All owners of their own home or suburban area dream of making garden and construction work as simple as possible. One of the popular ways to simplify the process of arranging the territory, as well as the design of artificial reservoirs, and other important landscape works will be the use of geotextiles. This material is safe, environmentally friendly, and is widely used in the garden and vegetable garden. We propose to consider the advantages of agrofibre, features and methods of its operation on the site.

There are several technologies for the production of raw materials - woven and non-woven geotextiles, based on which it is classified:

• Needle punched nonwoven. Its manufacture consists in pulling the fixing threads through the warp using serrated needles. This material guarantees strength, excellent water permeability. Needle-punched geotextiles have found application in the formation of drainage.
• Thermally bonded nonwoven. The production of the material consists in the heat treatment of the canvas. During its implementation, the fibers are melted, their rigid adhesion to each other. Such raw materials are durable, but have more reduced filtration qualities.

Due to its own properties, Dornit geotextiles have found application in construction, gardening, and other areas of the suburban area arrangement. It should also be understood that the material is divided by density - from 80 to 600 g per m². The scope of use of raw materials also depends on this indicator. For example, the most popular application of geotextiles is 100, 150 g / m2, 200 g / m2. These nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, they are actively used as a filtering material in drainage systems, to protect the territory from weeds, and arrange different paths.

Non-woven fabric with medium density - from 200 to 350 is actively used to protect the soil from erosion, separate soil layers, and strengthen the earth. A dense type of material - from 350 to 600 - is actively used as cushions in geomembranes to equip dams, pools, coastal zones.

Benefits of using geotextiles in garden design

The use of geotextiles largely depends on its characteristics. The special technology of creating the material guarantees several advantages of the raw material:

• High level of environmental friendliness. The canvases are not subject to decomposition into chemical elements, so they do not harm human health and nature.
• Strength. Nonwoven fabrics are resistant to deformation, mechanical flaws, piercing and tearing loads. This eliminates damage to the material during installation.
• Resistance to environmental factors. The canvases do not die, do not rot, do not silt, they are very resistant to ultraviolet rays, acids of various types, alkalis, substances of organic origin.
• Ease of installation. Raw materials are sold in the form of small and light rolls, so they are extremely convenient to transport, cut with a knife or scissors.
• Low pricing policy. The material will become an ideal ratio of price and quality, therefore it is actively used in industrial construction, for household needs.

The wide field of operation makes the purpose and application of geotextiles a universal solution to many problems.

The use of road geotextiles on your site

Since this material is actively used in road construction, a popular area is the use of geotextiles for garden paths. The canvases allow the layers to be separated in order to reduce the level of stress on the base of the structure. Also, such raw materials are an excellent solution, if necessary, to perform soil reinforcement, which is especially important with an increased level of moisture.
When arranging garden paths, you can profitably use another property of the canvas - not to allow crushed stone to be pressed, thereby guaranteeing a higher level of compaction. In addition, thanks to the use of raw materials, it will be possible to achieve the following results:

• reduce the cost of purchasing sand or gravel;
• reduce the time of the construction process;
• reduce the level of costs for further maintenance of the parking lot or garden path.

Also agrofibers are actively used for the formation of open adjoining areas, the formation of rocky gardens. Thanks to this material, it will be possible to create beautiful patio areas, divide and build all kinds of embankments, and strengthen surfaces. The creation of playgrounds in suburban areas cannot be imagined without the exploitation of agrofibre.

The use of geotextiles in landscape design is a solution to many problems. For example, when improving a site on low-fertile lands, there is always a need to increase the upper yield layer. In order to prevent it from being washed out, agrofibre is spread under the ground.

You cannot do without this canvas even with sharp frosts in the spring, in order to protect plants from temperature changes. Having covered the plantings with agrofibre, you don't have to worry about their full development. It will also save the material in the summer, they cover the delicate leaves of vegetable or flower crops in order to keep them from scorching ultraviolet rays.

Application of non-woven geotextile in waterproofing of reservoirs

Various artificial reservoirs are popular when creating an original landscape of the territory. When forming miniature reservoirs or large ponds, you cannot do without special waterproofing work.
During the construction of such water elements, the bottom of the pit is lined with a layer of sand or gravel, and then agrofibre is placed there. This guarantees reliable protection of the waterproofing layer from stones and other decorative elements that will be used to decorate reservoirs.

Greening the roof - another option for using geotextiles in the country

Green roofs are very popular in summer cottages. To make them, you cannot do without non-woven fabrics. Agrofibre is used to separate layers. It fits between the humus and the drainage layer.

Also, nonwoven fabrics are used to form inverted roofs. They prevent the ingress of loading material and insulation between the located plates.

Formation of foundations and drainage systems

Any building is erected on a reliable and solid foundation. For example, the concrete look of the foundation often suffers from groundwater. To improve monolithic foundations, a thermally bonded type of raw material is used.
It not only guarantees high-quality drainage properties, but also separates the layers, does not allow prolonged contact between moisture and the concrete surface. In the construction of drainage systems, needle-punched material is also often used. With its help, soft drainage is created, it is also used to create sewer systems for a private house.

As you can see, the use of geotextiles can solve several problems in landscape design at once. Agrofibre will simplify the process of arranging the site, help fight weeds, become an excellent drainage and protect crops from bad weather.

Today, an increasing number of land owners are using geotextiles to protect against weeds and improve their plots. It is a material that is unique in its performance and allows solving many issues related to gardening and landscaping. Even the most well-groomed garden area is gradually overgrown with weeds. This problem is as old as agriculture. At different times, people fought unwanted vegetation in different ways - it was weeded, trampled, burned and poisoned. Thanks to the invention of geotextile, all of this is now a thing of the past. It allows you to quickly and efficiently destroy weeds over large areas, without spending effort and money.

This material is marketed in long strips of various widths rolled into rolls. Geofabric is made from an innovative material - polypropylene.

According to the manufacturing method, the following types of canvases are distinguished:

1. Needle-punched. The material is obtained by a woven method, when polypropylene threads are fixed to a dense base with a special needle. Black geotextiles of this type are moisture permeable and are used to create drainage systems.... As a rule, it is laid in the ground at different depths, depending on the characteristics of the task being performed.
2. Thermally bonded. It is a set of long threads welded together under pressure. It has limited culverts and increased strength. The finished material is green, gray, brown and black, which allows it to be used in the ground and on the surface.

To understand why it is worth making our choice in favor of geofabric, we should briefly dwell on its merits.

Benefits of geotextile

The use of new technologies in the production of geotextile made it possible to create a material with a mass of unique performance characteristics.

Geotextile fabric has the following advantages:

The wide color range of geotextile allows it to be laid on the ground without further masking. The canvases faithfully imitate a green lawn or a dug-up bed. This allows you to effortlessly and cost-effectively create a beautiful and exotic landscape on your personal plot.

Geotextiles in garden paths

There is no adjoining territory that its owners do not equip with paths. As a rule, tiles of various configurations are used for this. There is no greater enemy for these engineering structures than weeds. Their roots lift the cover, and the stems go into the seams, causing the tiles to crack and break. In addition, there is a constant leaching of the soil and the underlying cushion.

These factors lead to the fact that in a few years the tracks come to a deplorable state. The use of geotextile fabric will help to avoid expensive and lengthy repairs.

A strip of material is laid at the bottom of the pit under the path. Gravel and sand are poured over it. The fabric ensures uniform pressure of the covering cushion on the ground and prevents it from being washed out by melt and rainwater. The geotextile will be pressed so tightly against the ground that the weed sprouts have no chance of lifting or cutting through the fabric.

With little additional cost, the savings are clear - no repairs or weeds are needed. The tracks will always be dry as the woven fabric is water permeable.

Protection of artificial reservoirs

Today, most outdoor pools and artificial ponds are created with PVC sheeting. It is placed in a bowl of a reservoir, the bottom of which is covered with a layer of gravel and sand. The spreading cushion keeps its shape and external pressure well. But, the film is easily torn by the stems of germinating plants and the sharp edges of stones that bulge out during seasonal ground movements.

There is only one way to solve this problem - by laying thermally bonded geotextiles.

To permanently protect the PVC film from external factors, the canvas must be put in 2 layers:

1. The first one is laid directly on the compacted soil of the reservoir bowl. He, serving as a reinforcing level, will protect the film from any plants, be it grass or a sprouting tree.
2. The second is placed on top of the covering cushion. It will protect PVC from sharp stones and stray weeds caught in the bedding cushion.

In addition to strengthening the bowl, tufted fabric is used to fix the shape of the pond bank or pool side. Sand is poured on top of the canvas, stones are laid or flowerpots with flowers are placed. A natural or artificial turf is a good solution.

Agrofibre in horticulture

With the help of this unique material, you can significantly simplify the process of growing a wide variety of flower, berry and vegetable crops. The use of geotextile allows you to increase productivity and significantly reduce the labor intensity of work. And this will allow you to spend more time enjoying a pleasant vacation or doing other housework. Preventing the development of weeds, the canvas ensures the safety of fertilizers and free access of water to the roots of cultivated plants.

You can use geotextile fabric in gardening and landscaping in the following ways:

1. To create and maintain a fertile layer. This decision is taken in areas where the soil is extremely poor and not intended for cultivation. Large areas are covered with canvases, which are covered with fertile soil. Agrofibre prevents mixing of good and poor soils, leaching of soil and fertilizers. Weeds will be reliably isolated from cultivated plants with a dense layer of cross-linked polypropylene.
2. To limit the growth of the roots of shrubs. The roots of berry and flowering plants can be up to several meters in diameter. This is fraught with damage to paths, lawns and flower beds. To prevent this, the bushes are closed in a confined space. For this, a hole is dug, the bottom and walls of which are reinforced with geotextile. A bush and fertile soil are placed in a reinforced pit.
3. For growing berries. Immediately after the snow melts, the beds are covered with a continuous layer of geotextile. Due to the lack of access to the sun's rays, all weeds die. When it comes time to plant, cross-shaped incisions are made in the tissue, into which the seedlings are immersed. So you can successfully grow peppers, tomatoes and strawberries without wasting time on endless weeding.

Polypropylene canvases can protect plants from sudden changes in temperature. It is enough to cover the lawn with geotextile. It will protect plants from the scorching sun rays and night cold.

Weed protection of buildings

Agrofibre can be used as a base for gazebos, terraces and awnings. The canvas is laid under the boards and slabs of these structures. Thanks to this solution, property owners will be spared the grass and bushes sprouting through the boardwalk. It is recommended to lay the canvas inside the strip and pile foundations, if the screed is not equipped.

In connection with the existing trend of increasing the popularity of landscape design, there is an increase in the demand for modern, technologically advanced materials that make it possible to qualitatively equip both private houses themselves and the surrounding land plots.

These innovative materials include geotextiles, which have excellent qualities and useful properties necessary for the formation of the most exclusive landscape design projects.

Composition and types of geotextiles

The unique material geotextile looks like a classic fabric, however, its structure can be both woven and non-woven.

The fabric consists of ultra-thin compressed synthetic yarns of polypropylene or polyester nature.

- polyester geotextile- mainly contains thin fibers made of polyester (polyester). Such material is more environmentally friendly, but less resistant to the aggressive effects of alkalis or acids;

- polypropylene geotextile- it is a very durable material resistant to all kinds of influences. It never decays, the mold “doesn’t like it”, it has an excellent filtration coefficient;

- multicomponent (mixed) geotextile- the technology of its industrial production implies the inclusion in the composition of all kinds of safe recyclable materials, for example, cotton products, viscose waste items and woolen waste. This material is cheaper than polyester (polyester) and polypropylene analogs, although it is inferior to them in durability or insufficient strength reliability.

The additives included in the component composition are natural, and therefore quickly break down (rot). In these places, voids are formed, which increase the risk of product destruction.

Recommendation! Geotextiles of domestic production in many parameters (stiffness, modulus of elasticity, frost resistance, etc.) are superior to foreign counterparts and are much more profitable for the buyer at cost!

Geotextile classification

In addition to the component classification, it is customary to distinguish types of geotextiles by type of production:

- needle-punched geotextile- consists of the smallest fibers of polypropylene or polyester, held together in a special "needle-punched" way. The technology creates a structural fabric capable of passing moisture only across and along. During operation, the structure is not flooded with water and is not clogged with soil particles;

- geotextile "Doronit"- the material is very elastic and can act as a reinforcing substrate. It has excellent filtering properties, which are not affected in any way by high loading pressure or regular vibration. The isotopic nature of the material allows to ensure equal properties in all directions of the web;

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- heat-set geotextile- a material in which structural fibers are firmly fused with each other during the production stage. Due to this production technology, heat-set geotextiles have poor filtration (only in the transverse direction), but they have exceptional strength;

- heat-treated geotextile- this material is produced by pressing components with their simultaneous fusion. It turns out a very durable canvas, suitable exclusively for waterproofing;

- knitting geotextile with stitching- here polypropylene and polyester fibers are stitched with strong threads. The resulting product passes moisture well, but is extremely unstable to external (mechanical) influences;

- construction geotextile- it is used for waterproofing any structures on the site. The material does not damp, does not accumulate moisture, and only passes water from the inside to the outside.

Benefits of geotextile

Regardless of the manufacturing method and the materials used, the material has a huge list of advantages that affect the quality improvement of landscape design:

- lightness and compactness;

- decent strength and good ability to withstand tensile loads;

- cost efficiency;

- "Doronit" allows water and air to pass through, while retaining even microscopic particles of soil;

- ease of installation and ease of transportation;

- maintains optimal heat exchange and ensures uniform soil temperature;

- good resistance to mechanical (shock) and chemical influences;

- inhibits the germination of weeds and many others. dr.

Disadvantages of geotextiles

For such a versatile material as geotextile, certain disadvantages are inherent:

- instability to the direct (direct) action of UV radiation;

- the high cost of some material options, for example, a polypropylene cloth costs approximately 83–122 rubles. sq. m.

Geotextile for garden paths

It is difficult to imagine a beautiful, exclusive garden without well-equipped paths. They can be built in different ways from a wide variety of materials. Often, the intended strip is covered with gravel or pebbles, and then the surface is carefully leveled.

It is possible to use paving with basalt or granite paving stones. In any case, the track should be beautiful and comfortable. The main requirement for the structure is the feasibility of natural water flow and service life.

Attention! When creating garden paths from gravel and pebbles, it is enough to install one geotextile layer! When paving with any type of paving slabs is carried out, the formation of an additional substrate cushion is required. In this case, for the quality and durability of the track, you need to use two layers of compacted geotextile!

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Arrangement of crushed stone paths on clay and sandy soils should be very careful, since the coating can quickly sink into the main layer. As a result, the very first rain will cover the entire path with irregularities, pits and puddles.

It is unacceptable to lay tiles on a dry mortar mixture, since the very first frosts will provoke cracking of its surface, and a solid concrete substrate will greatly impede the local descent of water. Such tracks cannot be repaired pointwise, so you should not skimp on quality.

Step-by-step instructions for the device of garden paths

For high-quality performance of the work, you must first prepare the following tools and materials:

- suitable geotextiles;

- paving stones or tiles;

- fine sand;

- medium-fraction crushed stone;

- rubber mallet;

- a shovel.

Arrangement of tiled and crushed stone paths using geotextiles

The method of building a road from crushed stone with a geotextile backing consists of sequential technological stages:

1. On unprepared ground, paving slabs or paving stones are laid out. This is necessary to identify the exact boundaries of the laying.

2. A groove of sufficient depth (34.5–40.0 cm) is dug along the measured track width.

3. The bottom of the created trench is carefully leveled, and debris, unnecessary objects, plant roots are removed from it.

4. A layer of selected geotextiles is laid. It is necessary to ensure the protrusion (elevation) of the edges of the canvas above the soil surface (about 5.0 cm) on both sides.

6. Then, the second layer of geotextile is lined.

7. On top of the formed "sandwich" in the ditch of the canvases, fine-grained sand is poured, with an approximate layer of 11.7 cm.

8. Having completed the compaction of the created "pillow", you can start laying paving stones or sidewalk tiles. It is important to remember that each decorative element to be laid should be well tamped with a rubber mallet for a more dense immersion in the sand.

9. After finishing the laying, it is necessary to cut off the protruding geotextile linen edges.

10. It is necessary to fill the dry fine sand into the inter-tile gaps and carefully tamp it with a rubber mallet. This manipulation must be repeated until all cracks are completely, evenly filled with fine sand.

11. The resulting flat garden paths only have to be beautifully decorated with unsightly edges. Plots of soil along the paths should be covered with fertile soil with seeds of lawn grass embedded in it.

Features of the walkway with a geotextile backing

The track created according to the above-described technology will maintain its ideal configuration for a very long time due to the use of non-woven material.