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Introductory words EGE Russian. Introductory words, introductory and plug-in structures. The general concept of circulation and the basic rule of its allocation

The seventeenty task of the exam in the Russian language is aimed at checking the knowledge of graduates in the field of input words, namely, the ability to distinguish the introductory words from homonymous members of the sentence. For it you can get one primary score; You can prepare for this task using the theory below.

Theory for the task number 15 of the Russian language

Words that can be both introductory and not introductory

Introductory wordNot an introductory word
The comma is needed!The comma is not needed!
butIt is impossible to replace the union "but"Can be replaced by the union "but"
We, however, are very tired today.The shower stopped, but the wind is still strong.
ReallyIn the meaning "in fact"; stands at the beginning of the sentenceStands in the middle or at the end of the sentence
Indeed, he knows nothing.He really knows nothing
SoIn the meaning "therefore"In the meaning "means it"
If winter has come, then the new year is soon.Loose - it means not to have time.
FinallyIndicates the connection to the outlined thoughts, in the meaning "and more"In the meaning "In the end, after all, at the end"
I need to wash the dishes, climb and finally go to the store.We finally got to our hotel.

Words that are always introductory / not introductory

Introductory (comma needed)Not introductory (the comma is not needed)
SureFor the most part
FirstlyLike
SecondlyLiterally
ThirdlyTo top off
soIn the end
HenceIn addition
LikeSuddenly
ApparentlyAfter all
You are welcomeHere
UndoubtedlyIt seems
Unlikely
Does not matter
Still
Even
Hardly
Exactly
Sometimes
Exclusively
As if
As if
In addition
Only
Meaning
Surely
Night
Be sure to
Before
Definitely
Partly
At least
Still
Nearly
therefore
Practically
Simply
Let be
Decisive
Like
However
Only
Jacob

Punctuation

The introductory word is separated by a comma if it can be removed from the sentence without losing sense.We decided to get to the hotel by bus, but unfortunately, we left the wrong side. (We remove the introductory word - we decided to get to the hotel by bus, but did not go to the other side.)
Separate the introductory word of the comma from the Union is not necessary, if you remove the introductory word from the sentence you can not; Also, the semicolons from alliances is not separated by the introductory word at the beginning of the sentenceFirst, you need to read the textbook, and secondly - to make an exercise in the notebook.
If one word is missing in the introductory word, the dash is raised instead of the commaOn the one hand, he wanted to go to visit, and on the other - there was no desire to leave the house in such weather.
If the introductory word stands after the listing of homogeneous members and before the comma, it is rated before it, and after it - the commaIn the forest, in the park, in the courtyard - the word, everywhere you can meet this plant.

Introductory words

Mera talk aboutAt least the most unusual, most amazing, at least
Attracting the attention of the interlocutorYou see (-the), you know (-the), you see (-l), understand (do), believe in), listen (do), agree (), imagine (do), imagine ( -t) yourself, imagine (-t), do you believe (- Seek) if, you know (or), I repeat, emphasize, between us speaking
Sourse of informationAccording to ..., according to ..., according to ..., according to rumors, in accordance with ..., they say, they say, they are reported, in my opinion, in my opinion, in my opinion, I remember, I remember, as you know, in terms of
Connectivity SpeechTherefore, so, thus, it means, finally, it became further, by the way, by the way, in general, in general, in particular, in general, on the contrary, on the contrary, for example, Example, first, secondly, on the one hand, on the other hand
The frequency of what is said aboutIt happens, it happened, it happened, it happened, according to custom, as usual, as a last resort
Degree of opportunityWithout a doubt, without any doubt, it certainly definitely, of course, of course, it is probably probably probably true, probably probably, in all likelihood, perhaps it seems to be, maybe maybe , it is necessary to believe, you can believe, it is necessary to think, (I) I think (I) I suppose, (I) I hope, I think
Emotions, feelingsFortunately, to joy, unfortunately, to chagrin, to the annoyance, unfortunately, to a shame, to surprise, to amazement, for happiness, for joy, surprisingly, fortunately, in truth, on conscience, by justice, which is good , a strange thing, an amazing thing, ridiculously say, not in the reproach

Appeal - Word or combination of words, calling a speech addressee. Not a member of the sentence. Appeal can be removed from the offer without loss of meaning.

Punctuation signs when appeals

  1. Several appeals are separated by commas or exclamation marks: "Mute, dear, my torment, my longing," she read. Handling connected by the Union and, not separated by the comma: Rid, kabatsky violins and harp, over black asra with hairstyle "Afro".
  2. If after the appeal there is a definition or application, it is isolated; Such a definition is perceived as the second appeal: Grandfather, nice, where were you?
  3. Parts of the dissected appeal are highlighted separately, each in itself: Hear me, good, hear me, beautiful, dusting my evening, Love is restless!
  4. If the appeal finishes a question mark, then a question mark is raised after it: Hear, Dmitry Petrovich? I will come to you in Moscow.

The assignment algorithm

  1. Carefully read the task.
  2. We carry out partial syntactic analysis of the proposals to determine whether the proposed word or phrase is a member of a sentence.
  3. We analyze proposals, arrange punctuation marks.
  4. Record the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options of task №17 of the Russian language

Seventeenth Task Demonstration 2018

Arrange all the missing punctuation signs: Specify the number (s), on the place of which (s) in the sentences should (s) stand comma (s).

Cute birch (1) thicket!

You (2) Earth! And you (3) Sand plains!

Before this sitm

(S.A. Yesenin)

Task Performance Algorithm:

Cute birch thickets!

You, land! And you, sand plains!

Before this sitm

I am unable to hide my longing.

  1. Thickets - It is not separated by the comma, since it is part of the common circulation. Land - Appeal, stands out with commas, is not a member of the sentence. Sand plains - Appeal, is not a member of the sentence, separated by the comma.

Answer: 2, 3.

The first version of the task

Best (1) get here on the minibus. The volcano is visible (2) practically (3) from everywhere, so the path will indicate (4) Probably (5) any local resident.

Task Performance Algorithm:
  1. It is necessary to set the punctuation marks and specify the numbers on the place of which are commas.
  2. It is best to get here on the minibus. Volcano is visible almost everywhere, so the path will indicate probably, Any local resident.
  3. The best thing - the circumstance of the image of action ( get as? the best thing) - not an introductory word, you can not remove from the proposal, therefore, do not put a comma. Almost (visible as? practically) - the circumstance of measures and degree. Probably - Not a member of the sentence, expresses the attitude of the speaking, the word can be removed from the offer without losing sense.

Answer: 4, 5.

Second version of the task

Put the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

Russian language (1) As you know (2) ranks second in the World Wide Web: almost 6% of all sites have been created on it. And the first place (3) naturally (4) belongs to English, whose share is almost 55%.

Task Performance Algorithm:
  1. It is necessary to set the punctuation marks and specify the numbers on the place of which are commas.
  2. Russian language, as known, ranks second in the World Wide Web: almost 6% of all sites have been created on it. And first place, naturally, Belongs to English, whose share is almost 55%.
  3. As is known, naturally - Are not members of the sentence, express the attitude of the speaker, these words can be removed from the offer without losing sense.

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4.

Third version of the task

Put the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

Photo (1) From the point of view of specialists (2) consists of three conditional independent components: light, colors and forms (3) However, (4) the simple presence of these components is not enough so that it is truly good, memorable work.

Task Performance Algorithm:
  1. It is necessary to set the punctuation marks and specify the numbers on the place of which are commas.
  2. The photo, from the point of view of specialists, It consists of three conditional independent components: light, colors and forms, but the simple presence of these components is not enough enough to be truly good, memorable work.
  3. From the point of view of specialists - Not a member of a sentence, expresses the attitude of the speaker, the phrase can be removed from the offer without losing sense. And here butin this sentence, it is easily replaced by the Union "But", and, it means that the introductory word is not. It is not necessary to separate it with commas, but we will put a comma in front of him: it will separate two parts of a challenging offer apart.

Getting ready for EEG: Tasks 17

Task number 17.

1.

Meetings with painting art give the joy of discovery (1) exclusively (2) attentive and patient viewer. A visit to the Art Museum (3) for example (4) requires from us the ability and willingness to perceive and worry seen.

2. Dast punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

On the street, we were surrounded by a ring and the slightest desire (1) seems to be (2) they did not recognize familiar in us. Their militant mood was (3) seen (4) to each passing.

3. Draw punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

It should be recognized that we live in a world where a person is not insured against dangers. Currently (1) However, (2) has accumulated extensive experience in preventing the consequences of a catastrophe. In Mexico (3), for example (4), the earthquakes cost almost no victims, because classes are constantly held with the population.

4. Dentify punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

In Nature (1) undoubtedly (2) there is nothing more musher than the upcoming early morning. People are also sleeping in stone houses, and the forest (3) opposite (4) is full of life: they begin to sing the birds happily, the foliage rustling, butterfly tremble.

5 .Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

Almost every hall of the museum you (1) Surely (2) will see the statues. In sculpture, each side of the figure (3) without a doubt (4) has its own special expression that you need to catch, peering in creation from all sides.

6.Tust punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentences.

Today in the literature (1), according to critics (2), the type of writer and the reader type changes dramatically. The educational mission of literature (3) apparently (4) goes into the past.

7. Dentify punctuation marks:

Roman M.Yu. Lermontov (1) According to scientists (2), the unity of thought will be imbued, and therefore it is impossible to read it in the same order, in which it is the author himself located: otherwise you will read two excellent (3) in my opinion (4) Tale and somewhat no less Excellent stories, but the novel know will not be.

8.Tust punctuation marks:specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The Bear Stone on the Tagil River is (1) without a doubt (2) one of the highest rocks of the Middle Urals. Here (3) by legend (4) Winter with his army Ermak.

9.Tust punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Tretyakovskaya Gallery (1) As you know (2), called Pavl Mikhailovich Tretyakov - merchant, his wealth of consistent to society. Painted painting, he laid the beginning (3) Truly (4) a wonderful collection of paintings.

10 Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Beasts in the forest makes it might (1) should be (2) even rustling of falling leaves. The outline of the built house (3) seemed like (4) similar to the ship.

11. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Here (1) It seems (2) the sun touched the quiet water at the shore. The ocean (3) seems (4) who fell asleep, quiet, not even a splash waves.

12 . Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

When (1) finally (2) the sun was and warmed up the land, the trees and herbs were struck by such strong dew, such a luminous patterns were glanced from the dark forest of the branches of firings, that (3) seemed to be (4) the diamonds of our whole Earth.

13. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

In such a silence, when without a grasshopper in the grass in his own ears (1), it seemed (2) the grasshoppers (3) probably (4) with birch, lured with high firs, flew slowly down the yellow leaf.

14. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

From all the roads (1) I remember (2) the black tape of asphalt, wet from dew, and the leaves of the asphalt on it, the road on which (3) I remember (4) we went in the morning, and you were afraid that you would be with you tomorrow , and tomorrow was not, it was only today, happy today.

15. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The listeners were amazing (1) True (2) about their past, so unexpectedly heard. However, (3) the narrator noted that some (4) of course (5) were very embarrassed.

16. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

According to the Japanese researchers (1), ice in the Arctic Ocean this year is faster than usual. This (2) of course (3) is concerned about the fact that now (4) is obvious (5) the area not covered with ice part of the ocean will be more.

17. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The teacher (1) obviously (2) was perfectly educated and read. According to many (3), his influence on students was (4) obviously.

18. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The wasteland stretched almost (1) in front of the house. Nearby dogs bathed in dust, residents did not drive them and (3) opposite (4) even watched this picture.

19. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

However, (1) Nature's unhealthy makes today talk about the catastrophic state of flora, fauna, soil, water. Apparently (2) only the global nature of the problems whose unresolutions threatens the very existence of humanity, forced to realize the danger (3) of possible (4) in the future of the ecological catastrophe.

20. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Rita (1) seems (2) not upset. After all, (3) this phrase is pronounced (4) by the way.

21. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The book was (1) According to him (2) the only decoration of lonely evenings ... About the approaching arrival of guests, everyone understood (3) According to (4) and the host action.

22. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The new book of a famous publicist writer (1) may be (2) you will like it. The sun in the hot July day (3) seemed to (4) the Rubber-red.

23. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

I (1) confess (2) I don't even love aspen with its pale purple trunk and gray-green metal foliage. Aspen is good only in a windy summer day, when each sheet of her (3) seems to be (4) wants to break and die away.

24. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Good books (1) Of course (2) develop the mind and produce taste. At the end of April (3), all the same (4) is already warm.

25. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The memory of how he accepted his first book V.G. Belinsky, stayed with F.M. Dostoevsky (1) apparently (2) forever. The writer (3) exclusively (4) was gratefully recalled about the enthusiastic recognition of his talent by a famous critic.

Answers:

3 ) 1,2, 3,4

4) 1,2, 3,4

6) 1,2.3,4

7)1,2,3,4

8) 1,2,3,4

11) 1,2

12) 3,4

13) 1,2,3,4

14) 3,4

15) 4.5

16) 1,2, 3,4,5

17) 1,2,3

18) 3,4

20) 1,2

21) 1,2

22) 1,2

23) 1,2

24) 1,2

Sources http://rus.reshuege.ru/test?Theme\u003d223 RTUM EME

http://www.fipi.ru/content/otkrytyy-bank-zadaniy-Bank Open Bank Tasks (FIPI)

Introductory words express the different attitude of the talking to the reported, for example: Today it is likely to rain.

§ one. Introductory words on the letter are allocated by commas.

How to find out the introductory word? §2. Introductory word can be removed from the text without breaking the sense of the sentence.2.1 Usually it can be replaced by words from its group: Today, perhaps / maybe it seems, I think I believe, perhaps /,it will be raining.

2.2 To introductory words, it is impossible to put a question from other words in the sentence.

2.3 It is necessary to check whether this word is an exception (that is, from a group of words, never input).

Some and the same words may be introductory, then members of the sentence: In May, possibly, There will be freezes - Introductory word can be removed, while maintaining the proposal structure. As a result of rapid snow possibly flood.Word "possibly"you can not withdraw. Yesterday I according to Obustry was a photorobote of a suspect. Was (for what?) According to (eyewitnesses) - these are members of the sentence, they can put a question. There are no introductory words, although " according to eyewitnesses, " You can withdraw without violation of the proposal structure. Yesterday, according to eyewitnesses, Passed storm. « According to eyewitnesses, "-these are introductory words from the "Source Source" group. They can be removed, not to put the question to them (for what?) From members of the sentence: after all, not according to words she was storm. But without changing the meaning can be replaced: Yesterday, they say / report / , Passed storm.

Basic groups of input words:

1) Confidence: Of course, obviously, there is no doubt, of course, of course, indeed, it is indisputable, whether others are not true.Uncertainty: probably probably maybe it seems to think it should be apparently I guess I hope, perhapsand etc.

2) the source of the message: they say, according to, according to the report, according to the report, in my opinion, according to rumors, it is remembered, heard, etc.

3) Various feelings: fortunately, to surprise, to horror, to a shame, unfortunately, to joy, to chagrin, to Zakorbyya, to the annoyance, unfortunately, on trouble, which is good, a strange thing, an amazing thing, there is nothing to hide sinand etc.

4) Call to the interlocutor to attract attention: Listen, sorry, please, forgive, let me see (Lee), you understand (Lee), you know (Lee), imagine, agree, etc.

5) The sequence of phenomena: first, secondly, etc., on the one hand, on the other hand, I repeat, further, finally, the connection between them: therefore, on the contrary, so, it means, on the contrary, on the contrary, I emphasize etc.

6) Method for creating thoughts: between us speaking, gently expressing, if you can put it, in other words, to briefly saying what is called, it is better to say, in a word, in other words, simply speaking, etc.

7) at least at least at least it happens, it happens, in truth, on conscience, except for jokes, thank God, etc.

The names of groups of input words are quite difficult, for example: "order of phenomena and the relationship between them", "Evaluation of the statement style". M.come up with drawings prompting values \u200b\u200bof words from these groups. It helps to recognize the introductory words. Using the consonance of the words "introductory" and "water", put the drawings on this topic in the "water drops".

Call to lesson. 5 minutes passed ... there are no teachers.

  1. Some confident: sure, come, others are not sure: possibly, does not come (see fig.)

Viochka is broken: "Marivna, according to the director, got sick. " (2. Message source).

3. Various feelings : To surprise, unfortunately, to chagrin, to joy, ...

I, unfortunately, I will not have time to fix the top to Saturday.

Included heads: " You are welcome, listen to Instead of Russian there will be a geometry lesson. " (four. Call to the interlocutor to attract attention).

5. In the geometry lessons, the teacher who consistently explaining the solution of the problem is not to do without the introductory words expressing The sequence of phenomena and the relationship between them: First, secondly, therefore, therefore.

6. But two friends who, without tired, can talk for hours about the same, inserting emotional assessments, probably, they will need such introductory words: between us speaking shortly speaking, if you can put it,to put it mildly. The way of making thoughts.

After memorizing the main groups of input words, you need to go to a more detailed acquaintance with each group, for example: "According to the director, the teacher got sick" (Group 2). In this phrase you can insert other introductory words from the same group: according to the report of the director, in my opinion, by rumors etc., but you can not insert according to the Council, on the instructions, on request, by decision, on the proposal, by decree and so on - these words are not introductory. Those. Either remember the phrase or these words.

Note 1. Do not perform in the role of introductory words and are not allocated by commas the following words: Avos, I suppose, in addition, to top item, suddenly, after all, ultimately, so, it is unlikely that, after all, even if it is, just, besides, meanwhile, simply, (with a shade comparison) (alliances) Moreover, and therefore. ,

Note 2. Are not introductory words Decisively, approximately (approximately), solely, literally. For memorization:I solve an example, excluding the letter "A": A log a b + 2b \u003d 3

The words finally, in general, however, it means are introductory if:

INTRODUCTORY WORDS Not introductory
Finally \u003d more. To the house brought water, gas and finally (more), Internet. Indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of presentation (in the meaning "and more") or gives an assessment of the fact from the point of view of the speaker. Finally \u003d at the end , after all As a result of all. After a long expectation, we finally connected the Internet. Close to the value "finally".
Generally \u003d generally speaking. I, in general, it seems strange. Generally \u003d in general, in general: In general, right, but in this case it is not. Generally \u003d usually, constantly, always:The weather here is generally cold. In general \u003d at all, under what conditions: He does not want to be treated at all.
Weather, BUT, in May unstable. However \u003d no . I was slow, but I managed. At the beginning of the offer always \u003d BUT: However, the weather in May is unstable
So \u003d therefore, it became. In the desert, a cold wind blew, it means that the sun village. So \u003d means. Change of wind direction means changing weather.

Common drawing.

Note 1. Do not perform in the role of introductory words and are not allocated by commas the following words: maybe, in addition, in addition, to top item, suddenly, after all, ultimately, it's hardly, after all, even if it was, just, besides, meanwhile, just (with tint comparison) as if, as if, as if, alleged, as it were, almost (alliances) Moreover, and therefore. According to the Council, on the instructions, on request, by decision, on the proposal, by the decree. R extremely, approximately (approximately), solely, literally.

Words that are always introductory: generally speaking, firstly, in recent, however, in fact, they say, so it would seem, as they say, of course, in short, it is also necessary to believe, first of all, therefore, actually it became other.

May be introductory words: finally \u003d more Generally \u003d generally speaking, So \u003d Consequently, but (not as well), on the contrary, on the contrary \u003d as opposed to said

A21. Changing signs in sentences with words and structures, grammatically associated with members of the sentence.
Maximum number of points: 1 out of 30.

Difficulties in contrast to the introductory words from the service parts of speech, as well as on some words - members of the sentence.

Pay attention!

List of words and expressions that never act in the function of introductory words and are not allocated by commas:

Example:

maybe, literally, as if, in addition, in conclusion, suddenly, after all, ultimately, so, hardly, still, even if, exclusively, it is, as if, as if, just, besides Meanwhile, I suppose, on the proposal, by decree, by decision, approximately, approximately, almost, therefore, simply, decisively, as if allegedly.

The difference between the same forms in the role of introductory words and the role of members of the sentence

Example:

He_ obviously_ rests. His superiority to everyone is obvious.
I_ seems to be understood. She_ seems to be tired.

Communications members are related to the syntactic connection, so each of them can be put on the question from another member of the sentence. Omonial words, members of the sentence often play the role of the faraway.

Example:


I seem to understand you. It seems tired.

Words in general, by the way, in fact, in short, in truth, in essence, are more accurates are introductable and allocated with commas if you can add a word to them. Speaking , eg:
By the way, you could not hurry. (by the way)
Otherwise, the listed words are members of the sentence and are not allocated by commas:

Example:

You came very by the way.

Role in the proposal of the word however

The wind buzzed all night. However, the rain never gathered.
The wind buzzed all night, the rain_ however_ did not get together.

However, it may be a union that is close to the meaning of the Union but. In this case, after it, the comma is not put.
The wind buzzed all night, but the rain did not come together.
However, it may be an introductory word if it stands in the middle or at the end of the sentence and does not serve to communicate homogeneous membership members or parts of a complex proposal. In this case, it is allocated by commas.
The wind buzzed all night, the rain, however, did not come together.

The role in the proposal of the word finally

They walked, they went and_ finally they went to the forest.
First, he is old, secondly, it is weak. Finally, he has a bad memory.
Finally, there may be a time circumstance in the value of "finally", "at the end." In this case, it does not stand out by commas.
They walked, they walked and finally went to the forest.
Finally, it may be an introductory word that is not a member of the sentence and reflects the procedure for filing the material speaking. In this case, it is allocated by commas.
First, he is old, secondly, the weak, finally, he has a bad memory.

Punctuation signs with introductory words

Introductory words and combinations are allocated by commas.

Example:

Amber, actually, is not a real stone.

If the introductory word stands after a series of homogeneous members in front of a generalizing word, then instead of the first semicolons put a dash.

Example:

Gingerbread, judge, a caretaker of God-in-law - in a word, all officials in the city take bribes.

If the introductory combination is not fully implemented, then after it is rated.

Example:

On the one hand, it is quite ordinary heroes, on the other hand, their usability is intentionally exaggerated.

Some and the same forms in the role of introductory words and the role of members of the sentence

Example:

He obviously rests. His superiority is obvious.
I seem to understand you. It seems tired. It seems that the wind subsides.

Words that are usually not introduced:

perhaps, literally, as if, in addition, to top item, suddenly, after all, ultimately, it is unlikely that, nevertheless, even if, exclusively, it is, as if, as if, just, besides Meanwhile, I suppose, on the proposal, by decree, by decision, approximately, approximately, almost, therefore, simply, decisively, as if allegedly.

Words However finally

However, it may be a union that is close to the meaning of the Union but.
However, it may be an introductory word if it stands in the middle or at the end of the sentence and does not serve to communicate homogeneous membership members or parts of a complex proposal.

Example:

The wind buzzed all night, however (but) the rain never gathered. The wind buzzed all night, the rain, however, did not come together.

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