Screed smooth floor. How to make a smooth floor: Types of screed. Reinforcement of screed metal nets

Floor screeds are performed with the purpose of base equalization or give it a certain rigidity. Such works allow you to obtain the prepared surface and provide the normalized heat heat. In addition, the creation of a screed contributes to the formation of the desired slope and the shelter of most communications.

Types of hardware

the multilayer type of screed is a few successively laid layers with the mandatory interlayer clutch.

Chatters can serve as the finishing surface of the floors or be used as an intermediate layer, followed by a decidant of the selected finish coating (for example, for).

According to structural features, all ties for the floor are divided into a solid type, including multi-layer and single-layer species, as well as a collection type.

the single-layer type of screed is styled throughout the thickness simultaneously and one layer;
the multi-layer type of screed is a few successively laid layers with the compulsory interlayer clutch;
the collection type of the screed includes several elements that are absolutely ready to perform direct laying on the floors.

The type of clutch with overlaps allows you to divide the screed into the following categories:

covered with a screed

Characterized by the absence between the base and the cutting of the separation layers and are highly dependent on the humidity of the overlap themselves. Such ties are perfectly maintained by heavy loads, but are characterized by an uneven shrinkage, which can provoke the formation of numerous cracks.

screeds on dividing layers

It is help to reduce the dependence of the screed from the moisture content of the base itself and are based on the use of the separation layer preventing adhesion between the screed and overlap. The separation layer can be represented by bituminized or washes, as well as polyethylene films. The specified strength is based on thickness, which with such a type of screeds should be more than three centimeters.

"Floating" on an insulating layer tie

Are independent building structures in which the underlying layer is represented by heat and soundproofing materials. As a layer from concrete floors to the "floating" screed, stone or mineral wools, foamed polystyrene, cork or any fibrillery plates can be used. The thickness of such screeds should not be less than five centimeters.

"Floating" ties are characterized by a high degree of heat and sound insulation of overlaps and do not depend on the indicators of the moisture content of the concrete base. The main disadvantage is the alternate degree of compressive strength and the considerable thickness of the entire design. For the top layer, the screed may require additional reinforcement.

In addition, there are several varieties of tie to align the floor (read by the self-leveling floor), which are most often performed during the repair of apartments, baths (about laying the tiles on the walls of the bathroom) and other residential premises, as well as small offices. The varieties of such ties include cement screeds, dry and semi-drying options.

Traditional cement screed based on ready dry mixes

The optimal option is a mixture of M - 300, but the use of M - 200 or M - 150 is allowed.

They came to replace the standard cement-sand mix - concrete, which was made directly at the place of repair work or delivered in the prepaid for the fill. The basis of such mixtures is represented by cement, sand and gravel small fractions. The optimal option is a mixture of M - 300, but the use of M - 200 or M - 150 is allowed.

The main advantages of such mixtures are as follows:

the presence of an optimally selected composition;
the weight is lower than that of standard concrete solutions (read also a useful article about technical), which allows to reduce transportation costs, labor costs and loads on the slabs of overlaps;
no need to knead Use a special techniqueand the whole process is easily performed by an ordinary building mixer or a mixing nozzle on the electric drill;
the ability to reduce the thickness of the flooded layer to five millimeters without losing the strength and qualitative characteristics;
the presence in the composition of a dry mixture of special additives allows to increase the strength and monolith of the base for any finishing finish;
the ability to choose the optimal variant of the mixture under the planned conditions of floor operating conditions or the type of finishing;
the use of dry mixtures allows to reduce the timing of screed;
there is no need for any construction skills, and the process of independent fill is based on the strict observance of the instructions attached to the mixture.

Modern dry mixes, depending on the category of basic binding components, are divided into cement and gypsum.

Cement-based mixtures:

with the presence of large fractions of sand, clay or granite crumb to perform a "coarse" alignment with a layer thickness from three to eight centimeters;
with the presence of filler of small fractions to perform finishing alignment with a layer thickness of about five millimeters;
self-spoken mixtures with good spreadability and samonization of the layer of five millimeters;
ready dry mixes of special purpose for the screed in the "Warm floors" system.

Gypsum-based mixtures:

short timing;
environmental harmlessness;
excellent thermal insulation properties.

Self-tie

Such mixtures are characterized by a high level of self-leveling and have a variety of purpose. Self-leveling ties based on dry building mixtures are used to obtain a smooth horizontal base. The composition of these screeds includes a cement base and a coarse mineral filler, having a fraction size of less than 0.5 millimeters.

Equipment should be equally equal to the surface of the floor in apartments, private houses, garages, public or industrial premises with large height differences. The drop indicator may vary from three to fifteen centimeters.

Modern dry tie

The main advantage is to fulfill finishing work immediately after dry alignment.

A fairly widespread option for floors for floors, including wooden coatings. It is characterized by the lack of need to use water, and the level of alignment is performed by installing special lighthouses.

The mixture aligned with such elements is covered with sheet material, which is allowed to use drying sheets or OSB plates. Such materials can act as the base under the finishing floor covering.

The composition of the mixtures is based on certain proportions of clay sand or polystyrene granulate, which makes a dry screed with excellent thermal insulating and noise absorbing material. The main advantage is to fulfill finishing work immediately after dry alignment.

Performing alignment with your own hands

The required amount of the mixture for a dry screed is calculated as follows:

calculate the planned volume by multiplying the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in square meters to the required layer thickness in meters;
the desired value is divided by 0.1, and is multiplied by the flow rate of the mixture per square meter with the screed thickness parameters in one centimeter. The value obtained as a result of the calculations in kilograms to correlate in the weight of the mixture in bags.

The technological process on the device screed based on ready-made dry mixes is similar to work with concrete solution. At the initial stage, the zero level is determined and the system of beacons is set up, according to which fill and alignment is performed.

The main difference is to prepare the working solution from the finished optimized composition. After adding to a mixture of the required, according to the instruction, the amount of water is made by stirring with a construction mixer or a nozzle on a drill followed by an insisting of a solution for five minutes. The finished solution must be thoroughly mixed again.

Basic mistakes

Most often, the technology of preparing the working solution and the execution of alignment is violated.

Most often, the technology of cooking the working solution and the execution of alignment is violated in the following situations:

the solution thoroughly imparted to the desired consistency did not have time and immediately used to fill;
ready mixes based on plaster divorced in large and not spent for a short time, which contributes to excessive thickening of the finished solution;
increase the time interval of the fill of two adjacent surfaces of the surface, which disrupts the monolith of the resulting coating;
in addition to periodic stirring, an additional amount of water is added to a highly thickened working solution, which makes the working mixture of unsuitable use.

Material consumption and indicative cost

cement mixture with polystyrene fillers "KNAUF-UBO" -7.5 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. At the price of 357 rubles. for 25 kg.;
gypsum mixture for the finishing screed "KNAUF-BODEN 15" - 16 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. At a price of 557 rubles. for 25 kg.;
the mixture is universal with the effect of self-leveling "Ceresit-CN 175" - 16 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. At a price of 437 rubles. for 25 kg.;
a superproof universal mixture for a screed "Bergaufbase" - 20 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. at a price of 237 rubles. for 25 kg.;
high-strength cement screed "Best-StarToline T41" - 20 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. At a price of 207 rubles. for 25 kg.;
screed for reinforcing fiber fiber "Armix-floor" - 22 kg with a thickness of 1 cm / sq. m. At the price of 327 rubles. for 50 kg.

The concrete surface located directly under the floor coating is called a screed, from the quality of which the appearance of the floor in the apartment directly depends. No wonder before laying carpet, linoleum, parquet or other material checked the quality of the floor screed and, if necessary, it is replaced or repair.

In what cases is the screed of the floor to be replaced and repair?

The screed under the floors is repaired if various elevation, tubercles, cracks, irregularities, defects and other local destruction are found in it.

The complete replacement of the screed is made in the event that its surface has lost its horizontal or considerably collapsed and stumbled.

Methods for preparing the base for the floor

Modern technologies make it possible to prepare the basis for the floor independently or with the help of specialists. However, the screed of the floor with their own hands requires careful preparation. To begin with, it is necessary to determine which method of the floor screed is better to use.

Screed is the leveling or alignment-thermal insulation. If it is required to correct the defects of the base and align the horizon of the floor, the leveling of the floor is used. If the leveling screed is done in multi-storey buildings, it is necessary to lay waterproofing. The result is the smooth and smooth surface of the screed, which will eliminate possible problems when laying the floor covering.

The leveling thermal insulation screed not only makes the surface of the floor perfectly smooth, but also performs the function of thermal insulation. As a rule, it is used in single-storey residential buildings or on the first floors of high-rise buildings. Also, this type of screed is used for flooring with heating.

Floor screed: Technology application of the working mixture

Floor screeds and technology used in the process of applying a working mixture are different. So, it is distinguished by the usual, monolithic, national and floating tie tie.

For premises in which the floor has good adhesion and does not require the use of additional materials, use the usual screed. A bright example of such a screed can serve a bulk floor, which does not require additional work, as it is a fill and subsequent alignment of a special mixture.

The team or dry floor screed in the apartment is a design in the form of flooring from materials such as boards, CSP, chipboard and similar materials, as well as bulk floors and so on.

The monolithic screed is similar. Its difference lies in the fact that the material for it is exclusively concrete mixes that give the tie of the floor durability and increased strength.

Floating screed involves the presence of a layer performing the function of heat and waterproofing and an increase in adhesion.

How to make a light tie?

Floor screed is a three-step process. First, it is necessary to place the level of the screed and set the beacons, then prepare and pour the solution, which at the final stage should be frozen.

Location the level of the floor screed!

To date, the best way to perform a floor screed through beacons is possible only with the use of Eashaustik fasteners.

To fulfill all types of work, you can use the Bosch brand tools, as well as the Ushastik fasteners.

Consider creating a gear screed on an example of a room of 75 meters long, with a thickness of a screed no more than 5 cm. For the accuracy of the lighting installation, to avoid the error of increasing the thickness of the laser level of the Bosch 3-80p, it is necessary to install intermediate labels every seven meters.

The profile lights for the floor tie can use a height of one centimeter, the self-tapping screws long nine and a half centimeters with a plastic dowel six to forty.

Based on the size of the room and the rule tool used, two and a half meters long, you need to decompose the lighthouses along the length of the room. At the same time, on the left and right, we make an indentation from the wall of about twenty centimeters. The width between the beacons should not exceed two meters of thirty centimeters.

Then it is necessary to clean and apply primer to the entire surface of the room.

Designed lighthouses use as a reference point for smooth drilling holes with a diameter of six millimeters. Distance between holes make forty - fifty centimeters.

The drilling is carried out as follows, lightly, naked we are on the lighthouse, so as not to damage the guide integrity of the lighthouse.

For the convenience of setting the screws to a given height, we use a fifteen-salted meter for a screwdriver. Making a red marker on the nozzle to control the screwing in the laser level of the laser level. It is advisable to make a mark with a red marker, since when you get to the laser beam, it is very clearly visible.

We produce screwing each score before matching with a laser beam.

The next step is applied by the lighthouse to "Eashastics" and crimp it.

In general, the installation of one lighthouse, with the help of the "Eashastik" fastening takes no more than three and a half minutes.

Cook and pour the solution!

To improve the quality of stirring, the solution is prepared using the pneumatic pump of the mortar pump. It should be remembered that the unnecessary amount of water can reduce the strength of the floor tie.

A well-mixed solution is poured into a space located between beacons, and recalls using the rule. The solution must be used for one and a half - two hours at a time. Leave surplus to use next time it will not work.

In general, the time for which the floor screed is produced in the same room does not exceed one day. In no case cannot expect that some of the premises will be filled today, and the remaining - the next day. This approach to work will only lead to one: the screed under the floor is cracking very quickly.

Grappling tie.

The third stage of work is the longest time. Since the screed requires a significant amount of concrete, it will take it from seven to ten days.

In order for the floor screed to become quite strong and did not crack in the future, it must be wrapped with water. This procedure will be required at least twice a day. This is done in order for the screed does not dry.

Two - three days it is necessary to extract beacons from the screed. Formed recesses need to be processed primer and fill with a solution that is preparing specifically for this and immediately used.

In order for irreversible gripping processes in the solution correctly, the presence of water is necessary. One of the best ways to preserve humidity is the use of a polyethylene film, which you need to cover the screed in three days and leave for two weeks if time allows.

In order for your Paul to serve you a large number of years, and looked perfectly smooth, before planning the floor tile, first it is necessary to produce preparatory work, and align the floor surface. Now let's try to consider how to competently approach the solution of this task. Let's go with the portal to learn to produce a floor tie in the room.

What is the screed

If you do not know how to make a light tie with your own hands, then you should watch the video that is below. Before you begin to talk about this process, you need to talk about what is the floor screed.

So, the band screed can be made by using all sorts of materials and the use of various techniques. There are the following types of screeds:

Concrete screed. This type of screed is one of the most common. Such a screed is used mainly for the initial leveling of the surface part of the floor. If the surface has a large set of differentials, then this method can be called the most appropriate. Fillers of the mixture for this method of alignment, as a rule, are sand and cement. But to perform this work it will be necessary to spend a lot of time and strength.

Screed self-leveling it is performed mainly from the cooked mixtures. The thickness alignment layer is approximately 3 cm. It is used to complete the work for aligning various floor surface drops. This method is suitable for almost all types of outdoor coatings.

Dry screed It is mostly produced if you need to align the floor having very large irregularities with a height of 4 to 11 cm. There are two options for the manufacture of this type of screed.

A) Lagam alignment. Materials such as plywood, chipboard or various other types of sheet materials are used.

B) Alignment using gypsum fiber sheets. For this type of screed, German materials of the company Knauf are often used. To correctly select the material required for floor alignment, you need to know what the general condition of the floor surface and what kind of floor covering will be used at the end of all work.

Appointment of tie

In order to make a difficult repair of your floor, in any case, you should make a screed of its surface. Now let's try to find out how this screed has functions.

The main purpose of the tie is the formation of a smooth floor surface. For example, such material as laminitis, parquet or linoleum requires an ideal-smooth base on the floor surface.
Another main function of this foundation is an increase in stiffness of structures.
The base has excellent heat and sound insulation properties.
Thanks to the use of a screed, you can make a raising floor to any level without any space.

Floor screed requirements

To fulfill its functions, the screed is obliged to meet all the necessary requirements and standards. Namely:

The screed must be stronger in order to withstand the compression load installed.
The density of the component of the tie over the entire surface of the room should have the same thickness.
If the fill of the screed is made according to the sound insulation layer, it should be at least 4 cm in thickness and not more than 2.5 cm, overlap stoves.
The screed must have a thickness, 2 cm larger than the diameter of those pipes that need to be hidden in it.
When performing the fill on the sound insulation layer, from the edge of the wall you need to retreat 3- 6 cm. This indent will also be filled with sound insulation.
The waterproofing is made of the monolithic layer. For this, as a rule, a film of very thick polyethylene is used or rubberoid is used. The waterproofing layer in this case is raised by 6-11 cm on the walls of the room.
Surface layers of screed should not have chips and cracks.

Required preparatory work

The number of works, which, as a rule, should be made before starting the screed, depends mainly on its type and on what state has the floor surface. But still it will be necessary to resort to the following actions:

To begin with, there should be a sex survey, and if necessary, dismantling the old coating.
After dismantling, it is necessary to complete the complete cleaning of the construction trash.
Now it is worth producing a wet or dry cleaning of the floor surface with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
Doing the definition of the desired floor level for its subsequent lifting, by applying a laser roulette.
Now it is worth installing beacons.

Technology of work and features

In this article we are talking about how the screed of the floor should look like their own hands in the apartment. In addition to our advice in this article there is a video that will also help see it.

Proper fulfillment of the floor screed depends on the execution of all standards provided for this work. It should be known which composition of the mixture should be used at the same time, as well as how to correct it and carry it out. Because what kind of screed you chose, the order of your further action will depend on.

Conducting work on laying a concrete screed.

Floor alignment This way is very popular and fairly common, despite the fact that this work is quite complex and long. First of all, it is necessary to make a complete exemption from the items of the entire surface of the floor: to bring furniture from the room, various interior items, etc. Then begin to remove its old coating from the floor, while painstakingly examine its bases. The composition of the concrete screed, as a rule, includes the following components: sand, cement and other fillers. To perform these works, you will need:

Building level.
Roulette.
Lights.
Spatula and trowel.
Cookware for the mixture.
Construction knife.
Drill having a nozzle for a mixture kneading.

Most of the construction stores are selling already cooked mixtures of sand and cement for the manufacture of concrete mortar. In them, as a rule, all these elements are already present. But if you do not want to spend money, then this solution is quite possible, make it yourself, with all the necessary ingredients in the desired proportional ratio.

Basically, three parts of the sand should be taken on one part of the cement. And plasticizers will help the mixtures of becoming more elastic, and it will not harde it quickly, which will prevent the appearance of chips and cracks on it. If you need to install the floor with the presence of large drops (more than 6 cm), then the fiber should be added to this mixture, which has reinforcing properties, or apply for laying a metal mesh.

Pay attention to becoming the site: how to perform glazing the balcony with your own hands

Changing the floor surface in the room with a solution of concrete should be made in the following sequence:

The surface of the floor is measured using a construction level, then all existing differences and irregularities are determined.
All scoles and cracks available on the floor surface are carefully cleared and expand.
The surface of the floor covering is cleaned of garbage and dirt.
Laying the waterproofing layer (if necessary).
With the help of the construction level, the installation and fixation of beacons on the floor surface occurs.
Now they produce gentlemen.
After that, a concrete solution is made of dry finished mixtures and additional components. As a rule, immediately after the manufacture of the mixture, it is laying it on the floor surface.
When aligning the solution, pay attention to the installed beacons. In one room, the solution must be tried for one day. In order for the adhesion of individual sections, lined with a solution, it happened better, it is necessary to use a metal grid or fittings.
After all the work on the pouring of the floor is over, you need to start laying on the entire surface of the film from polyethylene and leave until it fully solidifies. This procedure will help you avoid cracks.

It should also be ensured that the room is fully protected from drafts and the sun. Depending on which the mixture was used to fill the floor, the first steps on it can be implemented only after 4 days. With the help of a building level, you must once again carefully check the floor surface on that object whether it is smooth, or somewhere there are small irregularities that immediately after detection, it will be necessary to lose a special device. It is always necessary to remember that the time of complete secretion of the screed of concrete is 25-30 days. Only after the end of the specified period, you can begin laying the flooring or laying the heat insulation. The exceptional option in this case is the laying of ceramic tiles. This work can be done 6 days after the screed.

Laying self-leveling tie

This screed is used mainly in order to get a perfectly smooth floor surface. In this case, it is refers to the finish laying of linoleum, laminitis, or any polymer coatings. The main part of the construction stores is engaged in the sale of a variety of self-leveling mixtures, the preparation of which is made at home through the instructions attached to them. It is necessary to make these work in the following order from the entire floor surface should be removed all the garbage and dirt. This work must be carried out with special care, as the small garbage that can remain after cleaning can float to the surface of the flooded layer.

According to the instructions, it is necessary to prepare a solution. With its manufacture, in order to avoid the appearance of lumps, a mixture should be added to the liquid, but not vice versa. The building mixer will help you thoroughly stir the mixture. The resulting solution should look like a creamy mass. It is saturated with oxygen, leaving for 10 minutes.

They produce fill, as a rule, starting from the very long corner of the room to the corner of the door along its entire wall.

Thanks to the use of a metal brush and needle-shaped roller, the solution is aligned, and its thickness. Based on this, the surface of the floor dries sufficiently enough, unlike concrete. Perform the first steps on the floor will be 9-10 hours later. These dates can be drilled from the internal climate in the room and the thickness of the resulting layer. After filling the floor, it needs to be protected from sunlight and draft, as well as water from its surface.

If you try to fulfill all of the above recommendations, then you will have a very rigid surface that will not further absorb any moisture.

There are many reasons why in the room you need to make a light tie. This process is quite complicated and requires special skills, especially in cases where the screed is performed on large areas. But in relatively small rooms, such as apartments or a private house, you can cope with all the works with your own hands.

It is fairly accurate to comply with technology, after reviewing the detailed recommendations for beginners.

Features

The main purpose of the screed is to make a concrete base under the floor covering as smooth as possible. It is made from both aesthetic and practical considerations: on a flat surface the furniture will not be fused, and the decorative floors will last much longer and are not deformed.

The screed is mandatory in the following cases:

On earth ground in a private house, garage and other premises;

Under parquet, laminate, linoleum and other modern coatings, according to the laying technology, requiring an absolutely smooth surface of the base layer;

When in the room it is necessary to make waterproofing or heat insulation of the floor, including when installing a system of warm water or electric floors.

Features of laying and selecting materials depend on a variety of factors. It is necessary to take into account such characteristics of the room as the condition of the old coating, the height of the ceilings, the floor and the presence of the basement. Based on this data, the required thickness of the screed is calculated and the necessary materials are selected.

The budget options, tested by time - cement-sand or concrete mixes, are stacked on the primer in a private house and the garage. They can be used in the apartment on the first floor.

For apartments on the second floor and above it is better to make the fill of the floor with more expensive, but light self-leveling mixtures or dry ties.

According to the laying method, three types of screed are distinguished:

Dry or team screed. This is a design of durable construction plates of drywall or plywood coated with waterproofing composition. Plate thickness is 15-30 mm. The laying is made on a layer of dry polystyrene or claying with a scanner of sheets on each other so that the joints are completely closed. The precast method is the easiest and not requiring drying before the finish coating. It is possible only in rooms with reduced humidity. In cases where the coating is turned out not to be smooth, it is poured with a liquid self-leveling mixture.

Semi-dry tie It is a concrete or cement-sand mixture with a minimum amount of water. For the device of such a gender, considerable experience and many special devices are required, so in this way the professionals are mostly used.

Depending on the method of laying the screed can be made both single-layer and multi-layer. The multilayer screed is made from a rough concrete and smooth finish layer. The rough layer is used to correct large floor defects and imparting the necessary stiffness of the structure. Its thickness should be at least 2 cm. The finishing layer, the thickness of which - from 3 to 15 mm, is needed that the surface becomes perfectly even smooth.

Also distinguish between three ways of tie in the nature of the clutch with the base:

Related or solid screed. In this case, the direct grip of the material with the main coating occurs. It is important to ensure good adhesion and uniformity of the screed.

It is possible to use this method only on a dry basis not lower than the second floor of the building.

Screed on the divided layer. As such a layer, waterproofing materials can act, in rare cases, washing paper. The layers of base and screed are obtained independent of each other. According to the laying technology, the minimum layer is 30 mm, reinforcement may be mandatory.

Floating screedit is performed on materials intended for heat, hydro and noise insulation with a wall allowance of about 15 cm. Thus, the concrete layer and the floor itself is not associated with the base. The minimum layer thickness is 5 cm, reinforcement is required. It stacked on the first floors of residential and utility rooms along a concrete and soil base.

Characteristics of flooring

The choice of floor decorative coatings in the modern market is quite wide and is limited to the fantasy of the owner and the operational characteristics of the room. Under any of the coatings, the tie of the floor should be done correctly. And since they have different requirements for materials and evenness, it is necessary to carefully approach the selection of leveling composition.

So, for laying parquet, laminate and bulk polymer floors, you need an ideal smooth and horizontally flat surface. For the device such a screed use self-controlled liquid mixtures. At the same time for polymer bulk sex the self-leveling mixture should be based on the same polymers.

For laying linoleum, carpet or tile in the bathroom, there will be a smooth concrete or cement-sand tie.

In the new buildings, the screed floor may not be needed, but, unfortunately, it happens not always. Well, if the apartment is purchased with a draft finish, then you can make a minimal screed and proceed to further repair. Worse when the apartment is turned turnkey, and the quality of the finished coating leaves much to be desired. Then it must be redoing, completely dismantling the poor-quality layer.

In a private house, in order to save, you can make a concrete or cement-sand tie. On earth ground, it is necessary to make a concrete base on a multi-layer cushion from gravel, rubble, crumples and waterproofing materials. Lightweight mixtures may only be needed in the second and third floors.

The device of floors can be carried out almost on any surface, you only need to correctly select the composition. The exception is wooden flooring. On such surfaces, the finished coating can quickly deform and crack, and to make a tree under it. Of course, there are special mixtures, but they can cost quite expensive. Therefore, if there is the possibility of dismantling to a concrete base or to the soil, then it is best to do this.

If you remove the wooden floor there is no capacity, then it needs to be very carefully prepared. To do this, it is necessary to replace all the fallen and spoiled elements, the surface of the tree bother and coat with a special primer.

Where to begin?

To fulfill work in a short time, preparing the premises, materials and tools. All communications are laid, such as electrical wiring, water supply, sewage and heating, and repairs all the premises. There are also requirements for the microclimate of the room: the air temperature is within 5-25 ° C, the humidity is 60%, without sudden drops. The absence of drafts and direct sunlight is not allowed.

The most difficult is the preparation of the primer base. First of all, you need to remove the top layer of the soil, the thickness of which can reach 40 cm. In cases where the distance from the soil to the alignment of the screed is greater than 35-40 cm, the sand layer of the desired thickness is poured. After that, the entire surface is thoroughly tamped using a special vibration machine or a heavy log length of 1 meter. The surface is considered sufficiently rammed if there are no traces from shoes.

To calculate the materials that will be needed for a device for a concrete base, the highest point of the floor is determined. This is the mark required in order for the finished coating to be smooth. It is usually in one of the corners or one of the walls. It is determined as follows:

From the threshold of the room vertically on the wall you need to measure 1 meter and make a note with a pencil. With the help of a construction or laser level on the wall to read the smooth horizontal line;

With the help of a roulette, make measurements from the conducted line to the floor for every 10-15 cm. Point, the distance to which will be the smaller and there is the highest point of the floor;

The resulting measurements mark less as much as the floor will be raised;

With the help of the same rail, make the highest point of the floor all over the perimeter of the walls and to read the control line. Clear the wall from plaster by 0.2-0.3 cm above the marks made.

Also, to calculate the height of the screed, it is necessary to consider that at the junctions of different rooms after laying the flooring there should be no flooring drops. An exception is a bathroom and a toilet, where the level should be lower to avoid leakage in the event of unexpected accidents of water supply and sewage pipes, and some design solutions. It takes into account the thickness of the coatings, and the difference is compensated by the screed levels.

Materials

Depending on the features of the room and the selected floor covering, one or more possible options for group screed formulations can be selected, additional materials may be needed:

Concrete screed:the M400 brand cement is used, with large loads on the floor - M500. Depending on the fillers, there are several mixture preparation recipes. The most common - 3 parts of the sand to 1 part of the cement, 2 liters of water are added to 10 kg of the mixture. Using large inclusions, such as crushed stone, crushes or gravel - 1 part of cement, 4 parts of large filler, 2 parts of sand, 0.4 parts of water. For strength to such mixtures, fiber fiber from polypropylene at the rate of 50 g per 100 kg of the mixture is added. For plasticity, plasticizers are used, the required number of which is specified in the instructions.

Cement-sand screed: 1 piece of cement, 4 pieces of perlite, 2 pieces of sand, 13 parts of water. The preparation of the mixture is made in several stages, the order of which must be accurately observed. You may also need to change the amount of water to achieve the desired consistency. You can add plasticizers. The layer of such a floor is made from 2 cm, the reinforcement is recommended only at a layer of 4 cm or more. Dries over 3-7 days.

Self-leveling mixes Sold already in the finished form and are divorced by the necessary amount of water specified in the instructions. There are mixtures based on cement, gypsum or their combination, as well as using polymers. Gypsum-based screed is forbidden to use in rooms with high humidity, since in the case of wetting plaster acquires the consistency of sticky test. The thickness of the mixtures can be from 0.3 to 30 cm, which is indicated in the manufacturer's instructions, but taking into account their high cost it is advisable to make a layer of up to 3 cm. In this case, the thickness of the draft layer is 5-25 mm, and for the finishing surface, 1-2 mm. Drying time - from 10 hours to 3 days, depending on the composition.

Dry screed- These are large sheets of drywall or plywood, which are placed on a layer of bulk materials, such as polystyrene or clay. For further work on such a screed, you can proceed immediately after it laying.

When working with any type of screed, primer and putty will be needed. For a concrete and cement-sand screed, a universal primer or concrete contact will be suitable. Suitable types of primer for bulk floors are indicated on the packaging of mixtures.

Putty must be selected on a resin or adhesive basis.

Also need mounting foam to pour large cracks near the heating pipes. For laying the reinforcing layer, it is easiest to use a special fine-piece mesh from wire or plastic. For floors with high load, a steel welded grid is needed or a design from the reinforcement, which is welded at the site of work. To fix the reinforcing design, you need to prepare special supports that can be made of plastic, wire or metal. Per quarter. m It is necessary from 3 to 5 units of such clamps.

In cases where it is necessary to pave a layer of waterproofing materials, the choice is limited to the state of the base and the selected way of the screed. In composition, 4 types of waterproofing are isolated:

Polymer;

Bituminous;

Bituminous polymer;

Mineral.

Also there are differences in the method of laying material:

Roll or film. This is the most sought-after waterproofing method using a plastic film or runner. Modern types of polymeric multilayer membranes are also characterized by thermal insulating qualities. Such materials are used for laying on earth ground and on the first floors of apartment buildings. Self-leveling mixtures and cement-sand screed with a thickness of less than 2 cm on this form of waterproofing are not used due to poor clutch and risk of surface deformation;

Liquid. These are special compositions that differ in virtial degrees of viscosity and possess water-repellent properties;

Mastics and powder. The latter are crumbly compositions based on plasticizers and various binding components that are bred by water according to the instructions immediately before use.

In some cases, materials with the heat insulating effect are placed on top of the waterproofing layer. This is a mandatory procedure when applying a screed on the ground and for the designs of warm floor systems. You can choose from the usual bulk materials, such as perlite, crumbs, rubble coating or large sand. Some prefer insulation in the form of plates, which can be made of mineral wool, polyurethane foam or extruded foamed polystyrene - Penoplex.

Instruments

The list of necessary tools depends on the selected method of the device and some other factors:

Sander. It will be needed to process a concrete base before work. If the room is small, at this stage, instead you can use a metal brush. And the concrete screed must be treated with a grinding machine after full of frozen.

Industrial or powerful household a vacuum cleaner.

Lighthouses. It is possible to use T-shaped aluminum profile, round or rectangular tubes made of steel in diameter up to 70 mm, wooden rails, dowel-nails. It should be borne in mind that pipes and rails are dismantled from a partially frozen solution. If the screed is performed by self-leveling mixtures, lighthouses may not be needed, or special reference beacons are used.

Building level. The bubble building level is required, the recommended length is required - from 2 m. For more convenience, you can additionally use the laser level, it is much easier to install beacons with it.

Roulette. The minimum length is 8 meters.

Spatulas, trowel.

Rule and building mixer or drill with a microscale nozzle.The latter is needed to mix the mixtures components. For a concrete screed, it will be more convenient to use the concrete mixer.

Rolls and brushesfor applying primer and waterproofing compositions.

Needle roller, paint-access, rake and reference lighthouses to work with the level.

Construction Gloves, respirator, safety glasses.To protect the skin, respiratory tract and organs of vision.

Capacity For mixing.

How to calculate the flow?

For bulk mixtures, average consumption values \u200b\u200bfor a coarse level - 2-5 kg \u200b\u200bper 1 kV. m of rooms with a layer thickness of 1 mm. For the finishing level - 1.5-1.7 kg per 1 kV. m per 1 mm layer. All that remains to do is count the amount.

Example: Consumption of a coarse level 5 kg Multiply on the thickness of a layer of 3 mm, and then multiply on the room area in square meters. It turns out the following: 5x3x10 \u003d 150

Total, you will need 150 kg of self-leveling mixture to a room of 10 square meters. m. With the fact that in the package 25 kg of a dry mixture, then these are 6 bags of level. Calculations for the finish layer are made according to the same scheme.

For a classic concrete screed for 1 square meters. M and a layer thickness of 5 cm will need 22.5 kg of cement, sand 47.5 buckets of 10 liters, water 10 liters. For a screed using large inclusions in the form of a rubble per 1 kV. M and layer thickness will need 8.5-9.2 kg of cement, 40.7-46.1 kg of rubble, 22.8-26 kg of sand.

These calculations are given approximately, the exact calculations must be independently based on the recommendations of building materials manufacturers.

Important nuances

If the indoor height difference exceeds 4 cm, then you need to select a starting level for a black floor layer. Cement-sand and concrete composition are always laid by lighthouses. In rooms with high humidity, such as bathroom, toilet, kitchen, work with cement-based solutions. In residential rooms it is possible to use a screed using gypsum.

With a multi-layer screed device, you need to choose such solutions that have a smaller weight. It will be better to stop your choice on the compositions using clay or polystyrene bapton.

If the floor surface drops are small, it is better to pour self-leveling mixtures. They can be based on cement, gypsum, sand, with additives for plasticity and cutting or increasing drying deadlines. Polymer bulk floors based on polyurethane, epoxy resin or methyl methacrylate, despite the high cost, have a large number of benefits.

At the expense of a thin bulk layer, they are great for apartments with low ceilings. The finished surface is characterized by good waterproof properties and special strength, is not subject to temperature drops, deformations, the effects of the aggressive environment.

For the finish alignment of the surface, bulk self-election mixtures are usually used. Such a composition can be made with an independent decorative coating when using pigments to create a color background or pattern. When the mineral crumb to the standard cement mortar or other inclusions and subsequent grinding after the solvent is frozen, the surface can be achieved like a natural stone.

If the room area is too big and work will take more than one day, the surface is broken into several sections with closed lighthouses or partitions.

Preparatory work

Preparation of the premises when the device is screed on the ground begins with styling of the airbag from heat and waterproofing. Materials can be selected at their discretion, but there are several general recommendations. Layers can be changed in places, use different fillers or change the thickness.

A layer of gravel or rubble with a thickness of 5-15 cm is falling asleep on the surface prepared in advance. 10-15 cm of sand is poured, which can be moistened and a layer of 10-15 cm from rubble or clay. Each layer is thoroughly tamped with a vibrator or heavy log. Crushed stone needed with a 40-50 mm fraction.

The layers of rubble or clamzite are recommended to be sprinkled with crubbed crumbs or sand. The last layer is well to dissolve and monitor the absence of sharp corners on the crushed. If sharp stones remain, the waterproofing material can break. For better clutch, it is recommended to shed a top layer with liquid cement and wait for drying.

For waterproofing on the soil, you can use rolled materials or a film with a density of 200 microns. Material must be kept on the base with overgrowth on each other, the edges rise above the level of the future screed by 15 cm and attach to the walls to the walls. At the level of the screed with a small margin of height to attach the damper tape. It compensates for compression and expansion of the screed, thereby preventing the deformation of the walls and the floor when the temperature and humidity drops.

Over the waterproofing, the reinforcing layer is stacked. The finest steel welded grid is best suitable, which has the necessary rigidity. A steel grid is installed on a height of 1/3 from the thickness of the screed with the help of special highchair lining. If the design of the reinforcement is used, Concrete after the fill you will need to compact with special vibration equipment.

Too large room can be broken into square or rectangular parts, which are also called cards. One card must be in time to fill in one day and its size depends only on the performance of employees.

The map is cooed with a formwork from a wet tree or laminated plywood height in the level of a screed, after setting cement, the formwork must be removed.

To prepare a room for a screedwork begin with a dismantling of an old coating. Linoleum and wooden floorboards are pretty easy, but the tile will have to beat the perforator. Plinth and doors together with slopes also need to be removed.

Under the dismantled layer, there may be a slab of overlapping, which will strongly simplify the task and the old screed. In the second case, the concrete must be carefully examined. If it crumble or there is a large number of defects in the form of cracks and chips, you should knock off the entire layer using a perforator. If the old screed in good condition, you can only fill the light thin layer mixtures on it.

After cleaning the construction trash, it is necessary to clean the surface with a grinding machine or brush. Remove crumbling concrete, remnants of glue, mixtures and spots. Make cleaning with a vacuum cleaner and degrease the floors with soap solution or solvent. Small cracks, chips, potholes and shakes of the floor with walls to divide up to 5 mm, primed and smeared with a thin layer of putty on the basis of a resin or adhesive solution. To correct large defects, it is more expedient to use cement-sandy solution or self-leveling mixture.

The next step is to process the surface of the primer with a roller or painting brush. Any universal primer or concrete contact will be suitable for a concrete or cement-sand tie, a special polymer primer should be used for self-leveling bulk floors. With a multi-layer screed, the surface priming is required before each layer. The average surface drying time is two hours.If necessary, you can apply a primer with a second layer after complete drying of the first.

With the help of a mounting foam, it is necessary to close all the holes through which the mixture for a screed can flow into another room or to neighbors from below. Most often, such places are located near the heating pipes.

It is necessary to wait for a complete drying of foam, cut off protruding excess and only after that begin to other works.

A layer of waterproofing is placed on the prepared surface. This is necessarily in the following cases:

If there are large slots on the joints and walls;

In the bathroom and in the kitchen;

On the first floor of the house;

When arranging warm floors.

For these four cases, it is best to use rolled or film materials. They need to lay the brackets on each other, bringing the edges of the material on the walls with a margin of up to 15 cm and attaching scotch. In some cases, you can use liquid waterproofing, which is applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction. On top of the waterproofing layer on the walls, it is recommended to attach the damper tape, the protruding part of which is cut after the end of the work.

At this stage, a system of warm water or electric floors is installed. Under them is necessarily the heat insulation in the form of plates to reduce the energy flow. The reinforcing grid is installed on special chairs, the height of which should be at least 1/3 of the screed thickness. During the installation process, damage to the waterproofing layer cannot be allowed.

How to do?

When all preparatory work is completed, you can proceed directly to the screed device. All methods have their own nuances, therefore it makes sense to consider each of them in stages and familiarize themselves with the detailed step-by-step instruction, how to make the light tie with their own hands.

For a tie from a concrete or cement-sand mixture with a thickness of 3 cm, it is necessary to install beacons for which the solution will be resurrected. In the apartment it is most convenient to use an aluminum T-shaped profile as lighthouses. It does not need to dismantle and it does not waste the floor design. The only drawback of such a material - if in the process of installing the profile and styling the screed fromloi aluminum will be damaged, then with time a rust may appear.

Lighthouses made of wooden rails and steel pipes must be removed from the partially frozen screed, and the resulting deepening to smell with the same solution. When tie on the ground, steel pipes with a diameter of up to 70 mm are used. Instead of pipes, you can use the steel profile of the rectangular section.

Lighthouses are attached to a plaster mixture or cement-sandy solution, laid out by small slides at a distance of 15-20 cm. Gypsum dries faster, without affecting the strength of the coating, so it is more convenient for them to use it in residential premises.

In premises with high humidity, the attachment on the plaster is not allowed. If on the basis of the waterproofing layer, the lighthouses can be fixed on self-drawing.

It is necessary to place lighthouses along one of the walls of the room in such a way that the distance from the lighthouse to the wall was not more than 10 cm, and the step between them on a quarter is less than the length of the rule. After placing on the floor surface, the profile must be aligned using the laser or construction level by the highest point of the floor. When aligning lighthouses pressed closer to the floor or lifted with brick pieces.

After the lighthouses are exhibited, you need to check evenly with the level and if necessary, correct. A large room is recommended to divide into several sections with solid lighthouses so that you can take a break in the process. A solid lighthouse or barrier is necessarily installed on the verge of the room. The heat insulation material should be put between beacons,and after drying the fasteners of beacons, you can proceed to the pouring of the screed.

The cement-sandy mixture is mixed in a concrete mixer or a construction mixer. To obtain a solid base, you need to strictly observe the sequence of the kneading. In the prepared capacity, placing 2 parts of the water and 4 pieces of perlite, all this is very thorough mixed to a homogeneous consistency. Then add 1 part of the water and 1 part of the cement, mix again. In conclusion, enter 10 parts of water and 2 parts of sand and mix to plastic consistency.

In the process of kneading, the consistency of the solution must be constantly monitored. If wet sand is used, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water. In the finished form, the solution should be easily smeared, and not spread, remind the dough on the consistency. If necessary, plasticizers can be introduced into the mixture. Such a screed must be laid within an hour. Time of complete drying takes 2-3 days.

Concrete solution is denser of cement-sand, so it is much more difficult to knead it with the help mixer. If possible, it is better to rent a small concrete mixer. The easiest composition of sand and cement is made: by 10 kg of a mixture of 3 parts of sand and 1 parts of the cement, 2 liters of water are added and stirred. To enhance the strength per 100 kg of the mixture, you can add 50 g of fiber film. It is necessary to use the solution for 1-1.5 hours, it will reach full frost in 28 days.

How to align?

Starting from the far from the entrance of the wall, the solution is laying out between the beacons and recall the rule. It should be perfectly smooth, without jar and cracks on the work side. Slightly pressing, we need to pull the mass, making the moving movements to the left and on the right side. To remove air bubbles, the solution should be stuck in a shovel or metal rod. You can use a special depth vibrator. They are processed surface until cement milk appears on it.

In the walls and in hard-to-reach places, the screed is spattered with a spatula. Work can be stopped only when the entire room or the felling plot is made. When concrete grabbed and can withstand the human weight (after about 12-20 hours), it is necessary to remove all irregularities on the surface of the screed and lighthouses.

The technology of the drying device of the floor also implies a layer of waterproofing, a damper of the damper tape and the lighting installation. Between the beacons, the chosen dry mixture of materials is pushed. More often than others recommend using clay sand. Then the plates are installed on twin screws and glue. As soon as the glue is dry, you can make a layer of bulk sex or immediately proceed to laying outdoor coating. The remaining recesses to pour the same composition and disperse with a spatula.

Finish fill

If the height differences are within 3 cm, it is possible to fill with self-determined liquid mixtures. The principles of the device of the clean and black bulk gender are identical, and the difference is only in the thickness of the layer pilling. To make the coating perfectly smooth, you need to focus on the stamps applied to the wall so that the mixture reached them, but did not close completely.

On the surface with a large number of irregularities and drops, you can install a dowel-nail dowel or special reference beacons.

Such lighthouses seek tripods and are configured on the construction level. Dilute the bulk floor needs strictly according to the instructions. Also, the instructions are the minimum and maximum layer that you need to accurately follow. In a specially prepared capacity, water is poured and the mixture is gradually suited, which is stirred by a building mixer at low revs. Use the finished mixture is needed for 15-20 minutes.

Filling the floor starts with far from the corner of the room. Leveling is made with a rocket or spatula. Between pouring the bands, you need to withstand a period of time not more than 10 minutes. It is possible to walk along the piled floor in the crashlights. Next, you need to remove the beacons-repurries and roll the entire surface with a needle roller to remove all air bubbles.

On the threshold of the room must be a barrier, so that the mixture does not fall out beyond its limits. After seven days, you can start laying outdoor coverage. A flooded finishing layer can be made independent flooring by adding coloring pigments or drawing pattern.

In this case, the surface after drying is to be covered with special varnish.

How to dress cracks?

In order for cracks or other defects in the process of drying on the concrete screed, it is necessary to produce a simple, but daily care for the first 7-10 days. For this, the surface must be watering with water 2 times a day and cover with a plastic film. If the room is hot, the regularity of watering is recommended to increase to 4 times a day.

If cracks and irregularities have nevertheless appeared on the surface of the screed, you can get rid of them with a grinding machine or pour the same composition that was used for the manufacture of a screed. You can also use self-leveling bulk mixtures. To do this, on the surface of the floor you need to apply a primer mixture, and after drying it, pour a thin layer of finishing fill.

If you had no experience before you have experienced, first it is recommended to practice on a small room, for example, storage room. And even experienced professionals in this business need helpers, so you need to start working for work at least together.

When choosing materials for a screed, you must pay attention to the following points:

The color of the mixture should be gray, without extraneous encrosses of dirty color. Most often, this happens with poor-quality mixtures, in which clay gets along with the sand. The screed based on such material will quickly crack and will be unusable;

In no case cannot use mixtures in which PVA glue is specified as a plasticizer;

Sand for a screed must be maritime;

If the concrete layer needs to be thicker, it is recommended to add clamzit into the solution. It will not affect the strength of the screed, and the load on the base and consumption of the material will become less.

Do not neglect the use of damper tape. This will not greatly affect the costs and will avoid the strain of walls and gender. It is necessary to mount such a tape not only on the walls, but also on columns and other structures with which the screed is coming.

The construction mixer after each use is recommended to rinse in operating mode in a separate water tank. This will simplify the task of further purification, and extraneous inclusions will not fall into solutions.

To prevent cracking of the screed, you can cut the deformation seams. The depth of such seams should be equal to 1/3 of concrete thickness. Cutting is made according to the clutch, but not to the end of the frozen concrete. After complete drying, the seam screed is filled with sealant. There are three types of seams:

Insulating. Make on the joints of the concrete floor and other designs.

Structural. Slap in the place of uneven pouring of concrete during breaks in the pouring for more than 4 hours.

Shuffling. We need in order to avoid possible deformation when shrewing the screed in the drying process.

Paul alignment - an important stage of repair, preparatory stage before laying any finishing coating. Technologies for alignment today have a large list, from the traditional screed from cement and before mounting the dry floor of the plaster sheets (according to KNAUF technology).

Before making a smooth floor, it is necessary to determine the level of the surface of the surface and carefully examine the existing damage, cracks, chips and other problems. If, on the basis there are large bugs and bulges are spoiled and aligned as much as possible. If there are large recesses, they need to be selected by concrete solution.

Floor drop over 5 cm is optimally aligned with a cement screed, with a wooden lag with a chipboard coating or plywood moisture resistant. Today, a new technology of the "dry screed" is used for any alignment from GVLV (gypsum fiber moisture resistant sheets). This technology has a lot of positive advantages, but refers to more costly methods. Small biases of screed - up to 2-3 cm, are perfectly aligned with modern bulk systems.

On the purified floor surface, the lighthouses (guide elements) are equipped with large differences (guide elements), for which different materials are used: metal profiles, wooden bars or boards, ready lights that are attached to the stiffen to the floor to the alabaster solution. Between the guides, you need to leave a distance of up to 800 mm.

Before tie the floors are thoroughly ground with a special solution. This will help good adhesion. The consistency of the screed is selected depending on the thickness of the difference. Next, a solution of carefully sainted sand (river), cement and water is prepared. For strength to solution, especially with a significant screed thickness, special plasticizers or polypropylene reinforcing fiber are added.

You need to make a screed at one approach on the same plane to avoid cracking at the joints. During the work, it is necessary to control the level and use long rules or boards for better alignment. After the initial setting of the screed from it, lighthouses are taken out, and the furrows are filled with cement mortar. After drying the screed, the surface is treated with soil, to increase the durability of the base. If the screed will dry into very hot weather, it must be protected from above the polyethylene film from excessive moisture loss and periodically spill with water.

Frame from wooden bars and fiberboard

Double nozzle is a well-known alignment method. First, the first layer, the wooden bars are mounted and attached to the base of the floor with tongs. Sheets from plywood or chipboard are placed on the finished frame, and fix them with special self-draws. The advantage of such a floor is additional sound and thermal insulation.

High-quality fiberboard or plywood is used with small levels of the level without bars. For the arrangement of the screed, the material is placed on the basis and fixed with special dowels. As a rule, such a coating is used as preparation for placing parquet or laminate.

Gypsumolok

"Dry screed" has many advantages:

Optimal thickness. The finished screed can align the slope of 20 to 120 mm.

Speed \u200b\u200bmounting. In one day, you can independently mount a dry screed of 30-40 square meters. m.

Perfectly smooth screed. After installing GVLV, a flat surface is obtained under any floor covering (parquet, ceramic tile, laminate, stone slabs, linoleum and others).

A screed made of gypsum fiber sheets is optimally compatible with the arrangement of electric heating floor.

When aligning the floors, the most important thing is to competently approach the choice of the most suitable technology for this object, as well as all the work performed strictly according to the current instructions of manufacturers and regulations.