Organization of ventilation of the pool: the best methods of organizing air exchange. Pool ventilation. Online calculation of the pool ventilation system Ventilation for pools in private houses equipment

There were so many stages in the history of the construction of swimming pools. They served as the standard of luxury and were sources of inspiration in ancient Rome and Greece. In Italy in the 18th century they represented the basis of architectural art, combining swimming pools with non-standard architectural solutions. Pools have been banned by the Catholic Church for some time as sources of natural pleasures.

The world's first swimming pool was created in the bath complex in Bremen, Germany in 1877. He was the founder of the construction of swimming pools, created its basic principles, once again emphasized the German thorough approach to this structure. The first projects for swimming pool buildings with heating and ventilation systems began to be developed.

However, the warmth and excessive humidity in the air created a stifling atmosphere in the pool room. Understanding of this problem and attempts to solve it were the starting point of technical thought for creating a comfortable air environment for the rooms of the swimming pools. On the other hand, high humidity in the room leads to the development of corrosion processes in the metal structures of the pool, the appearance of mold and the creation of excessively wet surfaces of the fence. These emerging problems led to the idea of ​​the need for artificial ventilation of the room, the creation of control systems in order to maintain favorable parameters of the air sphere.

Supply ventilation of swimming pools

To create the necessary air conditions in the pool room, supply ventilation must be organized. The solution to this issue is carried out by a ventilation unit that sucks in outside air from the street and prepares it for various mechanical impurities. Then, depending on the cold or warm period of the year, the region, the heating or cooling of the air follows. Only after such treatment, the air is directed and distributed through the room by means of a fan. The most suitable equipment for this purpose are supply ventilation units VEZA VEROSA (floor placement) or VEZA AIRMATE (suspended version). The units have an insulated body and are manufactured using modern equipment and modern technologies.

When organizing only supply ventilation in the pool, we are faced with the following problem - what to do with the air that is supplied to the room? After all, it is logical that he should be removed from there in exactly the same way as he entered the room. In fact, air has several paths, and these are:

• squeezing out air, under the pressure of a supply fan, from the room, through the cracks of doors and windows. However, in this case, one should expect that a strong whistle from the squeezed out air will be heard in the doors and windows, well, they will open / close with some difficulty. Let's count a little - let's assume that the air exchange rate is on average about 5 units. The volume of the room is, for example, 200 m3. Total air exchange is 200 m3 5 h-1 = 1000 m3 / h. The standard door measures 2000 mm x 800 mm. Suppose that the gap under the door is 1 cm high. The total area of ​​the gap will be 0.8 m 0.01 m = 0.008 m2. The air speed in such a doorway, with a calculated air exchange, will be 1000 m3 / h ÷ 3600 ÷ 0.008 m2 = 34.7 m / s. Such a high air velocity in the gap will definitely cause a lot of noise;
• squeezing out the air, under the pressure of the supply fan, from the room, through the openings of the windows. If in the summer this solution may be acceptable, then in the cold season such a choice may seem at least strange;
• squeezing out the air, under the pressure of the supply fan, from the room, through the pre-provided natural ventilation channels. In this case, the removal takes place through the embedded shafts, but in this case the regulation of the volumes of the removed air becomes more complicated, and it should also be understood that through these channels the air will be removed in the same way as through the cracks and leaks of door and window openings;
• removal of exhaust air from the room by means of mechanical exhaust. In this case, in the room, along with the supply ducts and air supply nozzles, exhaust air ducts with their own set of air intake openings are also provided. Air extraction is carried out thanks to the operation of the exhaust fan.

Exhaust ventilation for swimming pools

It would be logical to ask the question: is it possible to organize only the exhaust ventilation of the swimming pool, without the supply ventilation? Let us think about this - the arrangement of only an exhaust hood will provide a controlled and full-volume removal of exhaust air from the pool room. However, it is impossible to infinitely remove air from a room into which air is not supplied. Accordingly, the flow of air will be carried out in the same way as it was removed in the previous examples, i.e. through cracks and leaks in window and door openings. Here, one more problem will be added to the problems described above - the air will leak into the pool room by no means heated, but just the opposite. For example, it is good if the adjacent room is a recreation room with a temperature of about 20 ° C, but it can be different. Also, air leaks from the street are not excluded, which is especially critical during the cold season. This will mean drafts and icing in the crevices. There is only one conclusion - in the overwhelming majority of cases, it is incorrect and risky to organize only supply or only exhaust ventilation. Although, in fairness, in some cases, when the decision is justified by calculations and a project, such an approach cannot be ruled out either.

And now, finally, we come to the realization of the need to equip all the same supply and exhaust ventilation of swimming pools. It is also possible to organize supply and exhaust ventilation in different ways - it can be two separate ventilation units (supply and exhaust), for example VEZA VEROSA, each of which performs its own work. However, it would be most expedient to combine both of these installations into one and thereby save on installation space. VEZA's range of products includes specialized installations for ventilation of swimming pools AQUARIS. These installations, along with providing a comfortable microclimate in the pool room, also allow you to significantly save on heating the supply air, due to such built-in equipment as recuperators, heat pumps.

The use of the air handling unit gives the customer the opportunity to get full air exchange in the pool room. It is very important to observe the negative imbalance in the room when setting up the unit. This means that the amount of air removed from the pool room should be slightly larger than the amount of air supplied to the same room. Existing standards (SP 31-113-2004) tell us that the volume of the extract air should be greater than the supply air by no more than half of the ventilated volume of the room (0.5 krat). Next, you should also pay attention to the air speed. So, in order to avoid discomfort, drafts and intensification of moisture evaporation, the air speed in the swimming area and above the water surface should be at the level of 0.15 ÷ 0.20 m / s. To prevent aerodynamic noise from the air at the outlet from the air distribution grilles, an outflow velocity of the order of 2 ÷ 3 m / s should be observed.

Swimming pool ventilation design

Based on the wishes of the customer regarding the area of ​​the pool, its shape, available construction areas, and other wishes, the designer draws up the construction part of the project, which also specifies the thickness and materials of external fences (walls bordering the street), including windows. This is important from the point of view to avoid moisture condensation on the inner surfaces of the outdoor enclosure. For example, assume the indoor temperature of the pool is 28 ° C and the relative humidity is 60%. The dew point temperature for these air parameters will be about 19.5 ° С. This means that from our internal air, upon contact with any surface, the temperature of which is equal to or less than 19.5 ° C, moisture will drop out on the same "cold" surface. Because external walls and glass of windows are in contact with the external environment, then they are a kind of risk factor. Taking the outside temperature to be -25 ° C and building the outer wall with one brick (250 mm) masonry, we get the temperature on the inner wall equal to about 15.5 ° C, which is definitely below our dew point - there will be condensation. Even laying one and a half bricks (350 mm) does not save the situation, because the temperature on the inner surface will still not exceed our dew point. Therefore, we have two options left - either to lower the dew point temperature, or to improve the insulation of the walls so that the inner surface of the walls in winter has a temperature not less than the dew point temperature plus 1-2 degrees.

Following the first proposed option, we set ourselves the goal of lowering the dew point to 13 ° С (laying in one brick) or to 15 ° С (one and a half bricks). For this, the air in the room must have the following parameters: temperature 28 ° C and relative humidity 40% and 45%, respectively. Here, at a satisfactory temperature, we have a fairly low relative humidity in the pool, which can cause discomfort for swimmers. It is recommended to maintain the relative humidity in the range of 50 - 60%, depending on the air temperature. Also, do not forget that the low humidity in the room will intensify the release of moisture from the water surface of the pool. This will unambiguously affect in the form of an increase in the load on the pool water treatment system.

Following the second path, it is enough to add insulation outside the building to the existing brickwork (for example, one and a half bricks). Plates of extruded polystyrene foam, 50 mm thick, will be enough to shift the dew point into the depth of the brickwork. Thus, we will reduce the heat loss of the room, get rid of the problem of moisture condensation and allow ourselves to have comfortable air parameters in the pool room.

The next stage in the design of the pool premises is the calculation of moisture release. Pool water mirror, wetted surfaces, and bathers are an active source of evaporating moisture. Moisture is transferred due to the diffusion of water vapor from a saturated layer of moist air at the surface of the water to the air in the room. Here, according to Dalton's law, the driving force of the evaporation process is the difference in partial pressures between the layer of moist air at the surface of the water and the air in the room, and the higher this difference, the more intense the evaporation process takes place. In addition, important factors of intensive evaporation of moisture are the mobility of the air above the surface of the water mirror, the activity of bathers, the presence of water attractions, water slides and fountains. These factors are usually reflected in the calculation formulas in the form of empirical coefficients. Therefore, it is extremely important to control the evaporation process by maintaining the design parameters of the indoor air.

Calculation of ventilation in the pool room

According to SP 31-113-2004, the relative humidity in the halls of the baths of the pools is recommended to be taken at the level of 50-65%.

The air temperature in the hall should be 1-2 ° C higher than the water temperature.

To ensure an optimal microclimate, depending on the type of pool, it is recommended to take the design temperature of the water in the baths of the pools according to the table:

The air mobility in the areas where the students are located should not exceed (SP 31-113-2004):

• 0.2 m / s - in the halls of the baths of the pools (including for recreational swimming and training for those who cannot swim);
• 0.5 m / s - in the halls for preparatory classes.

Step 1. Calculation of the amount of moisture evaporating from the pool bowl.
Here, the most authoritative are the data published in the standards of the German community of engineers VDI:

M D, B, u / b = β u / bR D * T * (p D, W - p D, L) * A B, kg / h

Where
M D, B, u / b- the amount of moisture released from the surface of the unused ( M D, B, u) and used ( M D, B, b) pool, kg / h
β u / b- intensity of moisture release non-working / working time m / h (see table below)
R D- gas constant, J / kg * K; for water vapor is taken equal to 461.52 J / kg * K
T- arithmetic mean of water and air temperatures, K
A B- water mirror area, m 2
p D, W- water vapor pressure of saturated air at an air temperature equal to the specified water temperature (t W), Pa (see table below)
p D, L- partial pressure of water vapor at a given temperature and relative humidity in the hall with pool baths, Pa

p D, L = p bar * d p 622 + d p

G p ≈ (0.006 ÷ 0.0065) (t in - t m) * F, kg / h

Step 3. Calculation of the amount of moisture evaporating from bathers.

G p = n * w p

Where
n- the number of swimmers
w n- the amount of moisture release from one bather.
For an air temperature in the pool room of 28 ° C, the moisture release is determined by linear interpolation at the level of 0.21 kg / h. Accepted according to the "Designer's Guide. Internal sanitary devices. At 3 o'clock. Frequently Asked Questions. Ventilation and air conditioning." subject to average physical work.

Step 4. Calculation of the mass flow rate of outdoor air required for the assimilation of moisture released in the hall with the pool baths.

G in = W vp d vv - d vp * 10 3 , kg / h

Where
W vp- total release of moisture in the hall with pool baths, kg / h
(it is necessary to sum up the calculation results in steps 1, 2, 3)
d cc- moisture content of air removed from the hall with pool baths, g / kg
d vp- moisture content of flowing air, g / kg.

d VP = 622 * p vp p bar - p vp

Step 5. Calculation of the volumetric flow rate of outdoor air required for the assimilation of moisture released in the hall with the pool baths.

L in = G to p, m 3 / h

The outdoor air consumption cannot be less than the sanitary standard in accordance with
SP 60.13330.2012 (Appendix K). According to SP 31-113-2004, the specific flow rate of the supply air must be at least 80 m3 / h for the swimmer and 20 m3 / h for the viewer.

The Veza company offers the following products:

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The favorable atmosphere of the home pool is achieved not only by heating, heated water, but also by high-quality ventilation. It is necessary to create the necessary humidity and temperature conditions in the room, to prevent the formation of mold, fungi that cause severe infectious diseases, to maintain the finish, and to have a comfortable pastime.

Types of ventilation used

Without the installation of special equipment in rooms with a pool, it is not realistic to maintain a comfortable and safe microclimate. The mechanisms and units used must ensure the exchange of air masses, which does not pose a threat to human health both in terms of air humidity and temperature conditions.

To solve a whole range of tasks to maintain the desired microclimate in a room with a home pool, to prevent the penetration of excess moisture into other parts of a residential building or cottage, 3 variants of ventilation systems are used.

Forced

The main purpose of this ventilation option is to ensure maximum aeration. When the system is operating, air masses are directed along the walls to the ceiling, ensuring air circulation at a minimum speed over the water mirror of the pool and around the perimeter of the entire room. This contributes to:

• absence of moisture condensation on the ceiling and walls;
• reduction of evaporation from the pool surface;
• improving the comfort of bathers.

In addition to normalizing the state of air humidity, supply and exhaust ventilation removes unpleasant odors of dampness, giving it a feeling of freshness. Installation of additional automation allows the regulation of the ventilation process in relation to the operating mode of the pool.

The disadvantages of this ventilation option include the operation of the entire system in the summer period of the year, when it is not always possible to achieve the normative indicators for room humidity.

Supply and exhaust with additional air dehumidification

Pool dehumidifiers can be:

• wall-mounted, installed in a room with a pool;
• cassette or channel, installed in utility rooms.

Experts recommend using both options for air dehumidification at the same time, which gives a good positive effect. Relatively low cost with high efficiency are the main advantages of dehumidifiers. But as often happens, the system does not always cope with "duties" in hot summer weather.

Combination of ventilation, dehumidification and air conditioning

Climatic units, consisting of ventilation, dehumidification systems and air conditioning devices, are switched on and controlled by automatic equipment, which selects the set humidity parameters and, if necessary, turns on one or another system. In the cold season, humidity is controlled by a dehumidifier, and air exchange is controlled by ventilation.

The presented video explains the need for a ventilation device for a room with a pool, and why it is impossible to achieve high-quality ventilation by simply opening the windows:

Variants of ventilation schemes in the pool

The supply and exhaust ventilation system in the pool is of 2 types:

1. With heat recovery.

The entire system is manufactured in one unit, which takes up little space and is more economical in operation. Thanks to the recuperative unit, energy savings are up to 75%, since the supply air is heated by the removed air without mixing with it. This helps to maintain the temperature in the pool due to its own heat. The power of the applied power plants is reduced by 2 times in comparison with the use of separate ventilation.

Such systems are completed with the following mandatory equipment:

• air filter;
• heat recuperator;
• incoming air heater;
• supply and exhaust fan;
• a system of 2 valves, shutting off the access of cold air when the system is off.

2. With separation of supply and exhaust air masses.

Fresh air is injected and exhaust air is removed by separate power systems through their own air ducts. Such systems are larger and require increased operating costs. In a home pool, in the absence of a special room for its installation, it is not rational to use this ventilation system due to its size.

Both directions work synchronously: one pumps in atmospheric air, the second removes exhaust air through a channel equipped during the period of general construction work. Mounted on the supply side:

• filter for cleaning incoming air;
• heater for atmospheric purified air;
• suction fan;
• control unit for the intake air volume and its temperature during the heating period.

Dehumidifiers

The types of dehumidifiers used in swimming pools are divided into 3 groups:

1. Wall-mounted open type. Installed on the wall after finishing work in the pool area.
2. Wall-mounted concealed type. They are mounted in the next room. They are connected to the pool through the provided opening in the wall.
3. Stationary. Installation of this type of equipment requires a separate room adjacent to the pool. They have increased power. They are used in supply and exhaust and combined ventilation systems.

The last two types are provided only during the period of design work.

Combined systems

Equipment used in combined ventilation:

• supply and exhaust fans;
• recuperator;
• Air Dryer;
• air filtration system;
• air heating equipment;
• valve system;
• automatic control unit.

Features of the installation work

The pool ventilation system is best performed independently of the ventilation of the entire individual house or cottage.

Air ducts are installed from plastic or metal shaped pipes made of galvanized sheet metal. The latter option is used in the case of using air ducts for heating the room.

The duct layout is mounted so that it is possible to regulate the direction of the air flow evenly throughout the room.

It is not advisable to place the power supply in a room with high humidity, it is better in an isolated room. In the absence of such, you can use the space of the attic floor.

The piping system must have free access for annual preventive measures - cleaning the air ducts.

The equipment can be installed in an adjacent room, under a pond, on a wall. Supply ducts are often placed around the perimeter of the room to quickly remove humid air upward, where the exhaust ducts are located. In this case, it is necessary to take into account:

• compliance with the volume of incoming and outgoing air contributes to the absence of drafts;
• special types of grilles reduce the intensity of movement of air masses without disrupting the rate of air exchange in the room, which is important for the places where bathers stay;
• in the presence of windows in the room, the air supply should be carried out under the windows, preventing the formation of condensation on the glass;
• exhaust air ducts are always mounted above the supply air ducts, preferably under the ceiling, ensuring high-quality removal of moist air;
• the space between the suspended ceiling and the main one must be ventilated to prevent the formation of colonies of mold and fungi;
• the flow of forced air should not pass over the water surface, because this reduces evaporation from its surface;
• the system should have 2 options for air flow control: automatic and manual.

It is better to entrust the design, installation of the ventilation system to specialists of the appropriate profile. This will save money not only, but also during operation.

Safety criteria

1. Each employee must have personal protective equipment, special footwear and clothing.
2. Workplaces for the production of a specific type of work should be fenced, preventing people not involved in the installation from entering the work area.
3. The work area must be illuminated.
4. No unauthorized workers should be located under the air ducts to be installed at a height.
5. Welding work is carried out by employees with appropriate qualifications.
6. At the end of the working cycle, the power tool must be switched off and de-energized.
7. It is prohibited to carry out work on the installation of equipment at a height without securing and additional insurance of ladders, scaffolds.
8. It is prohibited to carry out outdoor work at height in ice and rain.
9. All installation work on the duct system must be performed in pairs.

We work with Objects of different levels of complexity. The ventilation in the pool of a private house is installed with no less quality and attention than in large public swimming facilities.

Pool ventilation price

The table shows the estimated cost of developing and installing a turnkey system. It includes all the necessary materials, equipment and installation work.

Each Object of this type is individual. He has a number of features inherent in him. Therefore, the exact cost of the system can be determined only after its detailed study. Also, a visit of our specialist to the Object is required.

After that, we will be able to provide you with the optimal technical solution for your situation and calculate its cost.

If we are talking about a large-scale and complex Object, then we can develop project documentation and, on its basis, indicate a price.

If you already have a project, then the task is simplified. We can make a technical AUDIT of an existing project, if necessary, offer an optimization of the solution used and make an estimate.

In any case, if your cottage has a bathing room and you need to ventilate it,. Together we will work out the best solution, taking into account all your wishes!

Basic requirements for the ventilation system of indoor pools

In order to be comfortable in the serviced premises, it is necessary to ensure that the climatic indicators in it correspond to certain values. They are given in the documentation of SanPIN, SNiP, GOST.

In our work, we take into account all the requirements of norms, rules and standards. When the wishes of the customer are at odds with them, we always strive to adapt these wishes and bring them in line with the requirements.

Below are some of the required climatic indicators:

Failure to comply with any of these conditions can lead to sad and negative consequences. For example, an increase in temperature above normal values ​​leads to the formation of additional moisture, and its settling on building structures. What can lead to the appearance of a fungus and their gradual destruction.

Supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool should provide:

• Air exchange in accordance with regulatory documents
• Maintaining air humidity within the required limits

Required data for calculation

To select a scheme and calculate the parameters of the pool ventilation system, the following data are required:

• Room characteristics (dimensions, layouts, etc.)
• The material of the enclosing structures and their structure
• Initial temperature and humidity conditions
• Required values ​​of air exchange
• Related engineering and its technical parameters
• Approximate route of the routes
• Customer wishes

Fight persistent high humidity

The pool is an area in which the constant increase in dampness is caused by natural processes - water evaporates from the water "mirror". Evaporation is especially intense if there are fountains, jacuzzis, water slides, or there are always many bathers. Since the room is closed, it is impossible to remove moisture outside without special technical means.

To maintain the necessary climatic conditions, there must be a supply of fresh air masses, their movement and output to the outside. The main task of pool ventilation is precisely this.

Each specific case, and each specific swimming object requires its own individual solution. The complete set of the system cannot be “taken from the ceiling”. It must be substantively calculated and correspond to the tasks that it needs to solve. Any mistake is fraught with negative consequences, both financial and more serious.

Dehumidification solution schemes

The solution to the problem of dehumidification in rooms of this type can be implemented according to three schemes:

• Ventilation system with dehumidifier
• Ventilation system without a dehumidifier - in this case, dehumidification is performed by a ventilation unit with a specially selected configuration and parameters
• Desiccant only

Usually, ventilation in the pool is carried out according to an integrated scheme, which includes:

• Ventilation unit
• Dehumidifier. It can be either separately located or integrated (channel). In addition to the function of dehumidification of air, it allows you to solve another problem - its partial cleaning of dust and various impurities
• Heater. Its functionality is to heat the air masses coming from outside.

The complex ventilation option is the most expensive. But, if implemented correctly, its use guarantees comfortable conditions in the serviced premises. In addition, the heating of the incoming air stream can significantly reduce the cost of heating the cottage.

If ventilation in the pool of a private house is planned using a water heater, then its power must be taken into account when calculating the power of the boiler room. If it is supposed to use a system with an electric heater, then the power of this heater affects the power supply. It must be taken into account when calculating the electrical network of the cottage.

Use of dehumidifiers only

There are cases when it is impossible to carry out a ventilation system at the objects under consideration. In these cases, a configuration is selected for implementation in which the entire system consists of a single dryer.

The principle of operation of the dehumidifier is as follows - the air saturated with moisture is removed from the dehumidification zone and cooled down to the dew point. The remaining excess moisture is removed to the sewer system, and dry air enters the working area again. The disadvantage of this approach is the lack of fresh air supply.

It must be understood that the use of this approach cannot guarantee complete dehumidification and bringing the air into compliance with the SNiP requirements. When developing a project and constructing a building with a swimming room, this must be taken into account. And already at this stage it is constructive to plan a complete ventilation system. The best option is to design a ventilation system before starting construction of the building.

Basic rules for the installation and arrangement of elements

The development of a private pool ventilation system, as well as its subsequent installation, is carried out based on several basic rules. Some of them are listed below:

Heat recovery

The main way to reduce the cost of creating and operating a ventilation system is the use of a recuperation scheme.

The principle of recuperation is that the heat of the air removed from the room is used to heat the air entering the room. The incoming and outgoing air streams are separate. There is no mixing of these streams, only heat is transferred.

With recuperation, heat energy is efficiently utilized. However, it should be borne in mind that the recuperation parameters require accurate calculation. Ventilation of a private pool with recuperation, performed incorrectly, will not lead to the desired effect. On the contrary, it can cause an imbalance in the entire system.

The development and installation of a ventilation system in such a complex room as a swimming pool requires knowledge of the specifics and certain nuances from the company that performs it. An unprofessional approach or low qualification of the Contractor can lead to errors and negative consequences.

Swimming pool ventilation from MosInzhGroup is a guarantee of professionalism at all stages of the work performed!

Exhaust and supply ventilation is an important factor for any indoor pool, i.e. the process of replacing stale air with clean air. Unlike open outdoor structures, indoor water vapor is trapped, which leads to condensation and rapid deterioration of the air. This, in turn, can lead to rapid rust formation, paint swelling, problems with structural elements of the room, including supports, and stuffiness.

For any pool, ventilation must be thought out

Autonomous supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool in the cottage helps to remove water vapor by replacing the indoor air with clean outdoor air. Also, a good ventilation system will keep the humidity level low - and protect the equipment at the facility, as well as the structure itself, from premature failure. A simply installed house fan cannot cope with this, a full-fledged installation is required for powerful ventilation, the scheme of which is carefully calculated in each individual case.

Ventilation is also critical in pumping and technical areas where equipment and chemicals are stored. A correct supply of fresh air must be accompanied by some air conditioning to achieve the required parameters. Keep in mind that many chemical gases are heavier than air and this requires low level evacuation systems in chemical rooms.

Air in any human room must be completely replaced hourly. The pool and ventilation in it must be able to provide air circulation and its two complete renewal within one hour. The amount of evaporated water determines the size of the ventilation system and its completeness, the calculation of the supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool is based on this main parameter.

Installation of ventilation equipment for the pool

It should also be noted that indoor pools in cities continuously emit large amounts of chlorine along with water vapor. The effects of this evaporation are exacerbated by the fact that modern builders prefer to build more energy efficient rigid structures. When water vapor has no way of leaving the practically sealed structures, it causes numerous problems, such as:

Rust. Bloating paint. Deterioration of the condition of the supports and their gradual destruction. And many other negative effects in the pool building.

As a result, repairing or replacing parts can be very costly and time consuming. Indoor pool visitors and workers should not tolerate an unpleasant environment. They should not be surrounded by the physical discomfort of high humidity. Mold, bacteria and fungi that grow in humid conditions can have a very negative impact on health. Moreover, colonies of pathogenic microorganisms release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with low molecular weight, many of which are poisonous and have strong unpleasant odors.

The swimming pool must be ventilated either naturally or mechanically (forced). Supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool of a private house should prevent drops from falling from the ceiling onto swimmers and minimize the formation of condensation. A minimum of two complete air changes in 60 minutes should be provided for indoor pool areas, large or small. Heating devices should be hidden from contact with swimmers. Fuel for combustion and the heating equipment itself must be installed in the open air, according to technical standards.

It can be said that a mechanical ventilation rate of 1 ACH (one complete change of air per hour) in the pool will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable level of relative humidity when the room is not used regularly. In heavily used pools, the air exchange system must be capable of delivering 2 ACH to maintain good air quality.

When calculating optimal ventilation, it is taken into account that the evaporation rate is enhanced by factors:

1. Large water surface. Consequently, covering the pool with a material that prevents the evaporation of water leads to a decrease in the amount of evaporated water;
2. High water temperature;
3. Low air temperature;
4. Low relative humidity;
5. Intense air movement over the pool area.

Installing the system

After calculating the optimal mechanical ventilation rate for the pool, it is necessary to consider the distribution of the ventilation network for the intake and release of air flows from the room.

Diagram of the construction of the ventilation system in the pool

A correct duct design should:

• Minimize airflow obstruction;
• Provide comfortable conditions for rest;
• Control humidity;
• Optimize the microclimate, including the elimination of condensation on the windows.

In any case, you need to pay attention to the fact that:

The air flows and duct lengths shown in the sketches are intended as examples only - actual data and performance may vary; Supply air must be supplied close to external windows. If the supply air is heated, then the power supplies should be close to the ground - otherwise, the height of the outlet should be at least 2.4 meters. Air exhaust openings should be located under the ceiling; A reasonable distance (at least 2.4 meters) must be maintained between the supply and return electrical appliances to avoid short circuits.

Heated supply air

Although the air heat exchanger is capable of recovering up to 80% of the air temperature indoors, the air mass coming from outside can be uncomfortably cold. Therefore, it is advisable to add a heater to the ventilation for additional heating of the incoming air.

The design of the pool must be thought out to the smallest detail

Rules for economical pool design

Choose a building for the pool with the best thermal insulation and with a minimum of technically unnecessary large glazing (mainly in the roof of the pool).

Eliminate thermal bridges completely.

Choose a design that is ideal for vapor barrier walls and roofs.

It is easy to install foil covers on rectangular pools, it is also possible to install insulating cassettes made of polyurethane, which fit perfectly into the design.

The pool should be connected to the house only through a tight door, preferably through a separately ventilated corridor.

Taking into account the possible heat loss and condensation in the air ducts, ventilation units for swimming pools should be installed as close to the water as possible.

Swimming pool ventilation and heating rules

Rules for newly built or modernized pools, formed in recent years:

• It is necessary to ensure thorough ventilation of the entire space;
• Avoid forming poorly ventilated corners with possible condensation;
• Always supply the glazing with dry air with a low relative humidity and at a sufficient speed;
• Try to keep the entire space under negative pressure (min. 95%) to avoid the risk of water vapor penetrating into adjacent rooms or building structural elements through improper vapor barrier;
• Always design your pool ducts from stainless material; possibly aluminum or polyurethane;
• Ensure perfect tightness of the stainless steel duct, with a slope towards the condensate drain, provide access for cleaning and excellent thermal insulation.

The design of the air ducts outside the pool should ensure the tightness of the duct (for example, polyurethane), with a slope towards the condensate drainage and thermal insulation. Do not install exhaust grilles in the suspended ceiling through the cuts in the vapor barrier!

The suction grill should be installed in the center, opposite the glazing under the ceiling of the room.

Air distribution for very small rooms (eg with only one window or in the basement) can only be provided with one air duct.

Always isolate the pool ventilation from the rest of the house, incl. supply and exhaust air ducts to avoid drafts.

Due to the short use of the pool in a residential building (for example, 1 - 2 hours a day), it is ideal to install a heat treatment system with heated incoming air to quickly reach the required temperature, in just a few tens of minutes (with thermal insulation and vapor barrier for walls inside).

Any supply and exhaust ventilation unit for the pool, among other things, must be resistant to the aggressive effects of chlorine, i.e. with heat recovery core made of stainless steel or plastic material, condensate drain pan made of stainless steel or with a special protective finish.

Installation of ventilation in the pool

Underfloor heating is recommended as the main heating system, preferably installed with a connection to a low-temperature heat source (for example, solar energy). It may be worth considering a system of floor convectors under the windows, with a good anti-corrosion finish and special protection to avoid human injury.

Ventilation specialists can help any pool owner or manager determine the correct size and type of ventilation that is needed in each specific case, they will professionally explain how the normal ventilation of a private pool is equipped, and give an example of calculation. And they will tell you what other equipment may be required to ensure normal air exchange in the pool.

Since ventilation is one of the most "weighty" items of expenditure in the construction of a pool, it is important to initially consider how the object will grow in the coming years. In addition, maintenance and repair should be foreseen, they must be considered when calculating and choosing which supply and exhaust ventilation of the pools will be optimal in your case.

When deciding on the construction of a pool, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting a comfortable stay in the room. To correctly calculate the ventilation systems of the pool, you will need to study all the equipment and structures in the complex. Namely: the area of ​​the mirror, the location of the water treatment systems, door and window openings, the type of bowl (skimmer, overflow, etc.), the structure of the room (wood, concrete, brick), the presence of adjoining premises (bath, sauna, hammam, etc.), the presence of a basement for supplying the inlet backwater, the presence of a drainage system, etc.

Competent calculation of the ventilation system, installation of the necessary equipment, setting up its functioning is an important factor influencing the creation of a comfortable microclimate in the room. Lack of attention to these details leads to unpleasant consequences.

An example of overflow basin water treatment

Swimming pool microclimate

The pool ventilation device is an extremely important factor in creating a comfortable microclimate for humans. The lack of a high-quality ventilation system leads to the rapid spread of mold and mildew, and the accumulation of a large number of microorganisms in the air leads to various diseases.

High humidity in a closed pool area leads to corrosion of metal and rotting of wooden structures, destruction of finishes and walls by fungus

The humidity in the pool room should be at the level of 50-60%, in this case, a moderate level of moisture evaporation from the water surface is achieved, which affects the comfort conditions in the room. At a given humidity and air temperature of 28-30 ° C (typical temperature for pool rooms), dew will form at 16-21 ° C. This is noticeably higher than for ordinary rooms, in which the air temperature is at 24 ° C, humidity is 50%, and the dew point is at 13 ° C. For indoor swimming pools, the excess of the moisture content of the air is considered the norm.

• The water in the pool is within 24-28 ° С.
• The air in the pool room should be 2-3 ° C higher than the water temperature. When the air temperature drops, there is a risk of colds. When the humidity rises, a feeling of stuffiness may occur. It is also not recommended to lower the air temperature at night in order to save energy, as the heat consumption increases.
• To avoid drafts, the recommended air speed should be within the range of 0.15–0.3 m / s.

All these and many other conditions are taken into account in the design, and solutions are proposed to reduce moisture condensation on the ceiling and walls. The complexity of the situation is that when people, for example, do not use the pool at night, heat and humidity do not disappear anywhere. The pool cannot be turned off at night. The only way to reduce vaporization is to use water surface coatings, but these devices are short-lived and rarely used.

When the level of 80–90% humidity is reached at a temperature of 29–30 ° C, there is a risk of exacerbation of chronic diseases, a sharp deterioration in health. Therefore, with a correctly calculated and designed ventilation scheme for a private pool, excess moisture is removed from the air, it is cleaned due to intensive air exchange, but it does not dry out.

Dehumidification of air to the required parameters is carried out by dehumidifiers, according to the parameters of moisture release. Dehumidifiers can be monoblock and built into the ventilation system (at).

An example of calculating the evaporation of water from the pool per day

Initial data:

• The size of the mirror is 4.2 × 14 m.
• indoor air temperature +28 ° C;
• pool water temperature +26 ° C;
• relative humidity 60%.

1. The surface area of ​​the pool is 58.8 m².
2. The pool is used for bathing 1.5 hours a day.
3. The evaporation of water during bathing will be 270 grams / m² / hour x 58.8 m² x 1.5 hours = 23,814 grams.
4. Evaporation at rest for the remaining 22.5 hours will be 20 grams / m² / h x 58.8 m² x 22.5 hours = 26,460 grams.
5. Total per day: 23,814 grams + 26,460 grams / 1,000 = 50.28 kilograms of water per day.

Ventilation design rules

The ventilation system installed in the pool should be self-contained and independent of the ventilation of the rest of the house. If the ventilation of the house must ensure the flow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air masses, then the ventilation of the pools, in addition to these functions, must maintain the relative humidity of the atmosphere within the established norms.

The classic version of ventilation of the pool in a private house of a small mirror

During the construction of the pool, the project is developed individually. The main requirement is to ensure the safety and comfortable stay of people inside the premises.

In order for ventilation units for swimming pools to work effectively, it is necessary to design their installation taking into account:

• The size of the room.
• The number of people using the pool.
• The area of ​​the water surface of the pool.
• Air and water temperature requirements.
• The rate of evaporation of water, which depends on its temperature. The warmer the water, the faster it evaporates.

Taking these parameters into account, the appropriate power supply and exhaust ventilation for the pool is selected. If the equipment is chosen incorrectly, it will lead to an imbalance between air humidity and temperature. This will contribute to the settling of condensate and create an unfavorable atmosphere for human health.

Pool ventilation scheme

The calculation of ventilation in the pool is based on two features:

1. Heated humid air currents rush upward.
2. Condensation forms on all cool and damp surfaces.

Ventilation equipment is installed in any convenient way: on the walls, on top of the pool, under its bowl or around it. Often, supply ventilation is located around the pool or on both sides so that the exhaust air rises faster to the hood.

The air handling unit must operate in such a way that the volume of air it removes is equal to the volume of the supply air masses. Thanks to this function, drafts will not occur that violate a comfortable microclimate. Supply ventilation is recommended to be installed under windows, air is supplied from the basement room through slotted floor grilles. Such placement of ventilation ducts will prevent the formation of condensation on the glass. Exhaust ventilation ducts are mounted in the middle of the mirror under the ceiling where moisture and heat are collected, without approaching the inflow, so that the recirculation of air masses is more efficient.

Example of a swimming pool ventilation project

Ventilation calculation

To design the right ventilation system, professionals recommend dividing the installation process into several steps:

1. Selection of equipment and materials for the installation of the ventilation system. At the same stage, you should decide on the choice of a good specialist who will perform the work.
2. Creation of a working project, design of a scheme for installation with the device of the necessary technological holes.
3. Creation of as-built documentation, including drawings, instructions for installed equipment.

Determination of ventilation capacity and air heater power depending on the surface area of ​​the pool

You can give an example of calculating the ventilation of the pool:

• For the initial data, the values ​​of the temperature of the working area of ​​the room, the water in the pool bowl, the level of humidity, the area of ​​the bowl, as well as the average daily temperature and humidity are taken.
• Air exchange is calculated for the number of people who use the room. The air exchange rate is calculated by the formula: the evaporation rate is divided by the specific air density, which is multiplied by the difference between the air humidity indicators outside and inside the room. For 1 person it is 80 m³ / h, therefore, for 10 users this figure will be 800 m³ / h.
• The supply air flow rate is determined to maintain the optimal humidity level (for example, in the initial data it is equal to 60%). It is compared with the air exchange rate presented above. The larger of these values ​​is selected.
• The level of heat gain and loss is determined. Heat comes from the lighting inside the swimmers' premises, the attached premises (bath, sauna, hamam), the density of bypass paths, door and window openings. Heat loss occurs when the reservoir is heated.
• Then the amount of evaporation from the surface of the reservoir is calculated. The coefficient of evaporation is determined.

Having calculated all the indicators, we can conclude how many degrees the incoming air should be cooled or heated in order to maintain a balance with the temperature inside the room.

Optimum humidity level

A comfortable level of air humidity in the pool should not exceed 65%. To lower the humidity to the optimum level, you can use a dehumidifier, supply and exhaust ventilation, or both. To dehumidify air, two methods are used: condensation and assimilation:

1. Condensation is a method in which air is forced through a dehumidifier where its temperature reaches the dew point. After moisture condensation, the air heats up and returns to the room. At the same time, thermal insulation of all air ducts is necessary to prevent condensation from draining inside the room. Often, the ventilation of the pool in a cottage with such an installation is equipped with a hygrostat that starts the compressor when the humidity reaches a certain level. When the humidity drops, the compressor will automatically shut off. At the same time, the fan continues to run. There are three types of condensation dryers: wall-mounted, hidden, stationary. The latter type requires a separate room or is built into the supply and exhaust system.
2. The operation of supply and exhaust devices on the principle of assimilation is based on the property of air to absorb water vapor. The assimilation method has the advantage of effectively purifying the air, but there are two disadvantages. The first is related to the dependence on the weather: with a high level of atmospheric humidity, air entering the pool room does not absorb moisture. The second disadvantage is that the supply air must be heated.

Evaporation rate of water from the pool surface (liters / square meter per hour)

Experts consider a combined method of dehumidification using a forced installation and a dehumidifier to be the best option for maintaining the required level of humidity in the pool room. However, this method is effective only for small volumes of the bowl, and requires careful calculation, otherwise problems may arise with the solution of the issue (equipment failure, inexperienced system connection, etc.).

Ways to maintain optimal air temperature

The air temperature in the pool must be above atmospheric. Heating systems are often used for this: the supply air is heated to a temperature that is maintained by the heating system using appropriate sensors, which increases the cost of the project. This method is best used as an addition to the main heating system. The most effective way to maintain the optimal air temperature in the pool is a supply and exhaust system with a heat recuperator. It removes heat from the extract air (35–40%) and transfers it to the cold supply air through filtered systems. It should be remembered that the return air heat is insufficient, and in any case it is necessary to install additional heating (electric heater, water heater).

Summing up, it should be noted: in order to create a favorable microclimate inside the pool, it is necessary to perform a complex process of calculations, design, installation of ventilation systems. But the efficiency of the ventilation system is influenced by many factors, between which a certain balance must be observed, corresponding to the norms of air exchange, the optimal level of humidity, and air temperature.

This process requires a professional approach to the ventilation system for rooms with a pool:

• The multiplicity of supply and exhaust ventilation is calculated based on specific individual conditions.
• The dehumidifier is selected according to the parameters indicated above.
• The presence of a specialist is obligatory.