Rules for the supply of hot water in an apartment building. Centralized hot water systems. Cold Water Supply of Apartment House

The pipeline for hot centralized water supply can not be made according to the scheme of cold water supply. These pipelines are deadlogs, that is, they end at the last point of the water treatment. If you do a hot water supply in an apartment building along the same scheme, then water at night when it enjoys little cool in the pipeline. In addition, there may be such a situation, for example, residents of the five-story building, located on one riser, in the afternoon, went to work, the water in the riser cools and suddenly someone from the tenants needed hot water on the fifth floor. After turning on the crane, you will have to first drain all cold water from the riser, wait for warm, and then hot water is an excessively large consumption. Therefore, hot water pipes are made by flacked: water is heated in the boiler room, thermal node or boiler room and is supplied by the supply pipe to consumers and returns back to the boiler room through another pipeline, which in this case is called circulating.

In a centralized hot water system, the laying of pipelines in the house is performed with two-pipe and single-tube risers (Fig. 111).

Fig. 111.Shemes hot water wiring in centralized systems

A two-pipe hot water system consists of two risers, one of which serves water, the other will assly. In the discharge circulating riser placed heating devices - heated towel rails. The water is still heated and served to consumers, and they will use it or not and there are no time, so it is unknown, so good to disappear, let this water warms heated towel rails and air in raw, by definition, bathrooms. In addition, heated towel rails serve as a P-shaped compensator for temperature lengthening of pipes.

A single-pipe system of hot water differs from two-pipe the fact that it has merged all circulating risers (within one section of the house) into one and called this riser "idle" (there is no consumers). For better water distribution to separate points of water consumption, as well as in order to preserve the same diameters over the entire height of the building in one-tube systems of hot water, risers are hot. With a ring circuit for buildings up to 5 floors with a height of 5 floors, 25 mm are inclusive, and for buildings from 6 floors and above - with a diameter of 32 mm. Heated towel rails in a single-pipe layout put on the feeding of the feed, which means that with a weak heating of water in boilers, it can reach the distant consumers cooled. Hot water will not only disassemble the neighboring consumers, but it will also cool in their heated towel rails. In order for water to be cooled and reached by hot to remote consumers, bypass cut into heated towel rails.

Two- and single-tube hot water systems can be made without heated towel rails, but then these devices must be connected to the heating system. At the same time, in the summer, heated towel rails will not work, and in winter - the total cost of hot water supply and heating will increase.

To ensure air expendability from the pipe system, they are packed with a slope of at least 0.002 to the input of the pipeline. In systems with lower wiring, the air is removed through the upper watershed crane. At the top wiring, the air is removed through automatic air vents installed in the upper points of systems.

Water provision is very important for the normal functioning of many construction objects. The water supply system of an apartment building is represented by the central mainstream of water supply, the domestic wiring of pipes and pipe wiring for water supply of the apartment.

It is very difficult to establish the water supply of a multi-storey house with numerous consumers. Each apartment in the house should be considered as a separate object to provide water: pipes of different diameters are a single structure with rather complex layouts. It is for this reason that it is considered a very difficult water supply of a multi-storey house.

The system is a whole range of pumping equipment with installed filters and instruments of accounting, as well as with a shut-off-regulating reinforcement and consuming pipe wiring.

Mandatory in this scheme will be pressure regulators. Water that enters apartments pre-passes several stages of cleaning from mechanical impurities. Also, water disinfection with chlorination is also very often carried out.

Central water supply and water supply device

The most convenient for people who live in apartment buildings is considered to supply water from central water supply. Such a system implies the supply of high-quality water under good pressure. Central water supply is carried out by means of water supply, which is in all cities and villages. As a rule, water enters pumping stations with surface water bodies that are far from pollution sources.

The central water supply system has three components:

water intake facilities;
cleaning stations;
distribution network.

Water comes from the pumping station into a reservoir determined. There, it passes numerous cleaning stages and only then enters the distribution network to supply water to the necessary objects.

The water supply system functions normally if the high-quality and proper layout of pipes is made. The system pressure also plays a big role.

For a large number of users, the central water supply system may have a well, which is arranged with the help of a special water intake tower. It is best to use the artesian well: water drops from a great depth, water quality at a high level.

But this method of water collection is considered pretty expensive. It is usually used to provide water a multi-apartment cottage.

Scheme and device of water supply system of an apartment building

Water supply system with water tower

Such a system has several main elements: caisson, basic water supply capacity and pumping station.

Principle of operation of the water tower

The caisson is a metal container, which is located at a depth of 2-2.5 m above the well. It mounted a pipe for the withdrawal of water from the well. A concrete-ring caisson is considered to be less sealed, since it is very often flooded with approximate soil waters.

Through the pumping station and caisson, water enters the accumulative capacity. It establishes an automatic valve on the float. It includes a pump when water falls in such a container and does not reach a certain level.

The overall pressure in the system directly depends on the amount of cumulative capacity or tank. Even in case of disconnection of electrical energy, water in the apartment will flow stable. But before the moment the water level in the capacity and, accordingly, the pressure will decrease.

Water Tower Device Scheme

Types of pipes that are used for water supply

Steel tubes

To date, it has almost ceased to use steel pipes. For a fairly long period of time, such materials for the water supply have spent their resource. In addition, the price of steel pipes is quite high.

Installation of steel pipes is also expensive and takes a lot of time and effort. The disadvantage of such a system will be that condensate is very collected on it, which can destroy pipe material. Inside the steel pipe will gradually form rust and tax, which reduces the volume of the pipe. Thus, the bandwidth is reduced.

Copper pipes

The most important advantage of using copper pipes is the service life that reaches 50 years. Steel pipes are pretty expensive, and allow them to buy not everyone. The advantage of steel pipes is that rust is not formed on them. In addition, copper has bactericidal properties.

Copper pipe wiring

Metal plastic pipes

Metal-plastic pipes are enjoying great popularity. They are quite practical and are considered reliable. Installation of metal plastic water supply is very simple. All that will be needed is only a special tool. Pipes are joined using fittings. Pipe can withstand significant mechanical and physical exertion.

Metal plastic pipes

Water supply schemes of the apartment

The stability of the entire household equipment, which is connected to the supply of water directly depends on how correctly the installation of the water supply system will be performed.

The water supply scheme should provide an apartment with water from the central water supply to all the necessary coverage points. For some technique it will be necessary to provide constant water pressure in the pipes. At the moment, the water supply for the apartment can be made in several ways: a sequential connection circuit, a collector and mixed system.

Consecutive water supply scheme

The easiest and most practical way of water supply an apartment is considered a sequential connection scheme. This is an affordable option for the price and in engineering communications. Such a scheme, as a rule, is found in the buildings of residential buildings.

According to such a scheme, the installation of trunk pipelines with hot and cold water is made in parallel. Each equipment in such a system is connected using tees. It is for this reason that a very often conversion scheme is also called Tynikova.

Collective scheme

Due to the fact that at the moment the apartment uses a large number of devices that work from water supply, their work may violate, since the pressure in the overall system is largely reduced. So that this does not happen to select the collector connection scheme.

Installation of such a water supply system is considered expensive and rather complicated. Initially, the pressure drop in the system is already eliminated, and it is for this reason that all points of sanitary equipment can be used in the same moment.

This is determined by each such point of water supply a separate pipe is laid. It will be possible if necessary, just overlapping. The main pipe with this type of connection does not have branches, which ensures the safety of the use of the water supply system. Also, the likelihood of leaks will also significantly reduce, since the collector tube is parallel to the main pipe supply pipe and has only one compound with it.

Collective Water Supply Scheme Apartment

The advantages of such a system:

due to the small number of compounds - the reliability of the system;
adjustment of the work of a separate plumbing device;
simplicity of maintenance and repair of the entire system;
hidden installation of pipes, which will not spoil the interior.

Sewerage in the apartment

The water supply and sewage systems at home play a major role in ensuring normal human life. Only experts will be able to fully calculate and implement the installation of engineering structures of this type. The entire installation process must be implemented according to the previously developed scheme. The correct installation of sewage pipes will exclude all the possibilities of leakage and deformation of wastewater removal. Often, the installation of sewage waste in the apartment is associated with the disconnection of water supply for riser. Works are made quite quickly and very well.

Council. If the sewer pipes in the apartment are paired for the first time, it will be better not to change the usual location of all plumbing devices.

It will be better to use the old scheme. It is recommended to pounce an approximate work plan on paper and clearly measure the distance between the sink, a toilet, bathroom and other equipment that works from water supply. It will also be necessary to determine the location of the clamps and the central sewer pipe. Mandatory is the bias when laying sewage. Do not forget about the quality material in this process.

Before paving or change the sewer in the apartment, it is necessary to assess the state of the total sewering riser.

Caliplation and water supply in the apartment

If the total sewage pipe does not have external signs of corrosion, then it can not be changed. If the replacement is necessary, then it is necessary to do it very carefully due to the fact that the damaged pipe can be very easily deformed, and then it will have to change the entire riser.

It happens that the sewer pipes in the apartment are laid with the goal that there has been a greater number of equipment that works from water supply. For example, dishwasher or washing machine. Another embodiment of waste pipes as an additional design may be when it is necessary to connect additional plumbing equipment.

Diagram of sewage device in the apartment

Necessary equipment for mounting high-quality sewage:

pipes;
components;
formulations for fixation and sealing;
instruments;
fitting;
devices.

When installing a new sewage riser, it will be necessary to take into account the fact that plastic pipes for water removal will not be able to withstand the squeezing loads of the segment of the cast iron pipe, which can be top on the riser. Such a pipe will need to attach a special replaced fragment to ensure a dense and durable fixation of the place of pipe connection from different material. For the tightness of such compounds, adapters-cuffs are used, which are manufactured under such combinations ("cast iron plastic", "plastic cast iron").

Dismantling sewage in the apartment

Replacing the old sewer tube to a new one has many nuances that must be taken into account in this process. Initially, it is necessary to determine the most vulnerable to the deformation of the place in the pipe. You also need to disconnect all existing connections from the pipe and remove all the garbage. All this is necessary to ensure more convenient operation.

Then the faucet is turned off around the riser, which serves water in the apartment. If the replacement is long, it is best to turn off the entire riser from the water supply. At the very last moment, it is necessary to gently dismantle the cast iron pipes of the sewage. All this can be done using a divorce key or other tools.

Mount the new pipe is needed in full configuration with a variety of adapters and couplings, as it will not be possible to do it qualitatively. All connections must be wrapped in a sealant to protect the riser from the flow.

What features is the water supply system in an apartment building

Cold and hot water supply in an apartment building is quite difficult to establish, as there are many consumers. Each apartment is a separate object of an apartment building, which should be provided with water supply. At the same time, different in the diameter of the pipe are a single structure with a rather complicated layout system.

The water supply system in an apartment building is a large and uniform complex of pumping equipment with filters and meters installed in it (metering devices), also with a shut-off-controling reinforcement and consuming pipe wiring.

Mandatory elements in the water supply scheme of an apartment building are pressure regulators. The water coming into the apartments should pass several preliminary phases of purification from any impurities of mechanical origin. In addition, it is often chlorination for water disinfection.

The most convenient water supply system in the apartment building is recognized as central water supply. That is, high-quality water is supplied to the central water supply under the influence of high pressure. The circulation of water is provided with the help of a water supply station located on the territory of all cities and settlements. Most often, water flow is carried out from superficial reservoirs located far enough from pollution sources. Such a water supply system in an apartment building consists of three components:

water intake facilities;
cleaning stations;
distribution network.

Thanks to the elements described above, water from the pumping station first enters any reservoir, where it is cleared, and then enters the distribution network to supply water to the necessary objects. Such a water supply system will function well only in the presence of high-quality and correct layout of pipes, as well as in the presence of good pressure.

Since the water supply in an apartment building should provide water to a sufficiently large number of users, the central water supply can be carried out with the help of a well arranged due to a special water intake tower. The most good opening of the well is the artesian, when water is closed with great depth and therefore is very high quality and clean. However, this method of water intake is quite expensive and more often used to ensure water supply not in an apartment building, but in a club (cottage house with a small number of apartments).

The water supply system in an apartment building with the use of water tower consists of several elements:

caisson;
the main capacity for water intake;
pumping station.

Kesson is a metal container located at a depth of 2-2.5 m above the well itself. The caisson is mounted a pipe that displays water from the well. The worst tightness is considered concrete-ring caisson. Violation of tightness leads to frequent floods from approaching groundwater.

Using a pumping station and caisson, water is transported to a storage capacity in which the automatic valve is installed on the float, which includes the pump in the case when water in the container drops and does not reach a certain level.

The level of general pressure in such a water supply system in an apartment building depends on the amount of accumulative capacity or tank. Even if the electrical energy is turned off, the water still continues to flow into the apartment until the pressure in the container decreases due to the omission of water levels.

Cold Water Supply Scheme in an apartment building: 3 main types

The work of any household appliance in an apartment that is connected to water depends on the competent installation of the water supply system in an apartment building. Thanks to the competent water supply scheme, all apartments should be provided with water using a central water supply, while water must flow into all the necessary coverage points.

At the moment, it is possible to provide cold water supply in an apartment building in several ways.

Scheme 1.Scheme of consistent water supply apartment.

The easiest and most interesting way of consuming water supply in an apartment building is a serial connection scheme. This option is affordable and in terms of engineering communications. This scheme is common in residential buildings.

With this scheme, the main pipelines with hot and cold water are mounted in parallel, and any equipment is connected through the use of tees, and therefore this scheme is sometimes called "tee connecting".

Such a water supply scheme in an apartment building involves the presence of a common highway for a large number of users from which a layout is made using the same tees. The main pipe of the large diameter is like an elongated collector.

This water supply scheme is not only very common, but also ideal for the water supply of an ordinary apartment, in which one bathroom is located and there is no large number of household appliances working through water resources. This water supply scheme in an apartment building has its strengths and weaknesses.

Strengths:

saving pipes to a large extent;
the project is quite simple and easy;
watering costs are reduced.

Weak sides:

in case of simultaneous use of several open devices, a sharp decline in pressure at the end points of water supply is possible;
there is no possibility to selectively disable the system, that is, when breakdown, one pipe will have to turn off the water supply throughout the apartment;
it is enough to determine the place of leakage;
no free access to tees;
if the accident happens, the need to disrupt the finishing layer of the wall or gender.

Conduct pipes in accordance with the consistent water supply scheme in an apartment building only qualified specialists should. Only in this case the pipe will not immediately leak, and the pressure will be normal.

Scheme 2.Collective scheme.

The work of household appliances, which depend on water, can be broken due to a decrease in pressure in the overall water supply scheme of an apartment building. To avoid this situation, sometimes choose the collector scheme.

Mount this system is quite expensive and difficult. Due to the fact that the pressure drop in the collector scheme is excluded, all points of sanitary equipment can be used at the same time. Such an opportunity is achieved by the fact that each such point of water supply is laid a separate tube. If an acute need arises, then each individual pipe can be simply overlapped. From the main pipe in this case, no branches will not move, which makes the collector scheme as safe as possible to ensure water supply in an apartment building. In addition, the probability of leak formation is reduced due to the fact that the collector pipe is connected to the main only in one place, and in general the main and collector pipes are located in parallel.

In the figure of this scheme, the main principle is visually visible - each water consumer is connected through a separate pipe directly to Cold and hot water collectors. At the same time, the pipe itself does not have additional branching and unnecessary compounds. These circumstances exclude the possibility of leakage. Both connections (collector-tube and pipe-water consumer) are always easily accessible to repair.

Strengths:

reliability of the system due to the small number of compounds;
adjustment of the work of a separate plumbing device;
simplicity of maintenance and repair of the water supply system in an apartment building;
the interior does not determine thanks to the hidden installation of pipes.

Scheme 3.Mixed scheme.

Quite often this water supply scheme in an apartment building is used. Installation work in this case is cheaper, but only specialists can design a competent scheme, because the incorrect device simply does not give proper result.

Suppose that the collective water supply is held on the basement, from which the risers rise, while on each floor to the risers are attached collectors, sweeping Sanperborhood. This turns out that the lower layout and risers are equipped with a tee system, and the collector water supply system in an apartment building passes through the floors. In its pure form, the collector scheme is one or more collectors installed directly in the basement of an apartment building. From there, the remaining instruments are nothed.

Types of pipes used for water supply in an apartment building

There are several types of pipes that are used to organize water supply in apartment buildings.

Steel tubes.

Today, this type of pipes is practically not used in organizing water supply in an apartment building. The fact is that at the moment this material has already spent its resource. Plus, such pipes are not suiced. And the installation itself is the pleasure of quite expensive and labor cost. The main disadvantage of this type of pipe is the collection of condensate, which destroys the material of the pipeline. The volume of the pipe decreases due to the formation of rust and plaque inside it, which means that the bandwidth decreases.

Copper pipes.

The main advantage of copper pipes is a long service life (about 50 years). Such operational term is achieved by the absence of rusty formations, plus copper has bactericidal properties. All this causes the high cost of this type of pipes.

Metal plastic pipes.

Today today are pipes from metalplastic. Pipes from this material are practical and reliable, and they can easily mount them. To implement installation, a special tool will be required, and the jokes are carried out at the expense of fittings. Metal-plastic pipe is able to withstand high loads (both physical and mechanical).

Water supply in apartment building and sewage

To ensure a comfortable life, the water supply system in an apartment building is simply necessary. At the same time, only experts will be able to assemble such a system. To mount the equipment, a special scheme must be compiled, according to which the installation will be made. If you mount the system correctly, it will be protected from leaks and deformations of drainage. Quite often, when installing the water supply system in an apartment building, turn off the water supply to the riser.

If the installation of sewer tubes is carried out in the apartment for the first time, it will be better not to change the usual location of all plumbing devices, that is, you should use the old scheme. For a competent installation, measure the exact distance between the sink, toilet, bathroom and other equipment, which is running from water supply and sketches the appropriate future work plan. In addition, it is necessary to correctly determine the location of the clamps and the central sewer tube. It is believed that there is definitely a bias when creating a sewage system. Only high-quality materials should also be used.

Before installing a new or replacement of old sewer equipment in an apartment house, you should evaluate the total sewer riser and its condition. In the absence of external signs of rust, then you can do without replacement. In cases where the replacement is necessary, it is necessary to carry out this procedure neatly, since the pipe with damage is subject to deformations and with non-accurate circulation it may be necessary to replace the entire riser.

Sometimes it happens that the need arises to lay new pipes due to the advent of new equipment that is working from water supply (washing machine, dishwasher and so on). Also, a similar need may arise due to the connection of additional plumbing equipment.

To carry out high-quality sewage installation, needed:

pipes;
components;
formulations for fixation and sealing;
instruments;
fitting;
devices.

Water supply in an apartment building and heating

Today there are many options for heating and water supply systems in an apartment building. At the same time, they are all relative to interdependent. This applies to heating. The fact is that in the apartment heating can not be independent of the DHW.

Of course, you can spend the heating system in the apartment yourself, but all your actions must be coordinated with utilities. Often there is a need to replace old heating pipes to new ones. Previously, the heating pipes were made of cast iron. However, cast iron structures are subject to the formation of plaque and reduce the passability, which leads to the need to arrange an annual blowing of pipes. Modern analogues of heating systems do not require such care.

To replace old heating pipes, you must first be carefully dismantled. At the same time, the dismantle is worth starting from the central riser. Even in modern rooms, such pipes are located in the corner, since they are not accepted in the walls. It is important to know what to dismail the heating equipment and can be replaced exclusively in the absence of hot water in the system, that is, after the end of the heating season.

The water supply system in an apartment building can be installed by different methods. The main difference is always the way of the intake of cold water, its cleansing and feeding. Particular attention should be paid to the wiring of pipes for water supplying in the apartment, and before that it is worth determining the number of equipment that is working from water supply.

How are water supply risers in an apartment building

Rims are the vertical location of the pipes in the water supply system. They are divided into three types:

heating;
water supply risers;
sewer.

Special organizations are engaged in servicing such installations (for example, ZHEK, WES, and so on).

It is important to know certain legal aspects of this issue:

Communications, including water supply in an apartment building, should be provided with a management company. That is, the replacement of risers and pipes, the service life ended, should also be carried out at the expense of the management company.
In the municipal house, risers must be replaced by the city or district administration.
If communication systems are privatized, then repair work is paid by the tenants themselves.

Sometimes people who are responsible for the replacement of communications are trying to avoid fulfilling their duties or charge for their services. With this scenario, the tenants have the right to issue an official application with the requirement to repair or replace pipes. In the absence of any feedback, people living in an apartment building can write a complaint about housing. Most often, such steps from tenants lead to the restoration of justice.

Who and in what order is the replacement of water supply risers in an apartment building

Overhaul of water supply in an apartment building or overhaul of the entire worn residential foundation is quite a cost. Therefore, in cases where the management company skillfully evade their obligations, the tenants are forced to discount on repair work. However, in addition to financial and technical problems, there are a large number of organizational issues. It is important to understand that the tenants can be effective and replacing entire risers. For example, the replacement of steel on propylene will improve the quality of the supplied water. In addition, due to smaller pressure losses in plastic pipes, electricity consumption will decrease to the upper floors to the upper floors (pumping pumps are powered through a separate meter and the payment on it is scattered to apartments of the floors of the floors). Also an impressive plus the fact that prices for the services of the heating network will be reduced by 10-20% with such a replacement of pipes.

To take the right decision regarding the emerging organizational issues on the repair and maintenance of water supply systems in an apartment building, it is necessary to know and understand certain technical features.

Replacing the riser in the apartment itself will not give any result. If you change the riser, then completely, from the basement before the exit to the ventilation pipe, the top plug, the revision hatch or drainage.
The risers are vital elements of the system of engineering communications, the accident on which may entail incl. And human sacrifices.
Housing legislation on the risers (Art. 36 and paragraph 5 of Art. 155 LCD of the Russian Federation, Art. 290, 292 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) is definitely: the risers are not ownership of tenants, even if the apartment is privatized. Their owner - the Criminal Code (Municipal GEK, departmental DEZ, private operating company).
The risers are replaced within the framework of overhaul, while contributions to capital repairs are made as payment for utilities services. If many pensioners, beneficiaries, students, unemployed living in a particular apartment building are among the concrete apartment building, then there will most likely not. On the one hand, it is bad for tenants (you need to make money), and on the other hand, it is good (it is possible to dictate your conditions).
Overhaul in a residential building is done every 25 years. Operational period can be extended on the basis of a revision conducted, but the period between repairs cannot be increased.
The obligations of the management company does not include planned overhaul every 25 years. This fact also provides residents with sufficient maneuverability regarding organizational issues on the repairs of risers.
That riser where any emergency restoration work was carried out for this 25-year period will be considered an emergency until the next major overhaul. This rule acts even if the malfunction was a little fistula through which the water drops flowed into the day.
The priority signs of accidents in determining its degree are always external manifestations: patch, clamps, glads of welding seams, traces of clamping.

The regulation states that the early repair of engineering systems in the building can be produced only in the case of proven danger to the life and health of residents. To organize such a repair, representatives of the HOA or the Management Company must compile an application and send it to the appropriate executive authority.

Decide on the conduct of overhaul, including the water supply system in an apartment building, will be able only after several necessary checks, as well as expertise. The application is compiled in free form, but in accordance with the generally accepted sample.

At the beginning of the application, the cap is issued, where the addressee (position, company name) is indicated, after the name and patronymic name of the manager, the applicant data, address and contact telephone are written. The main text of the application should reflect the essence of the problem, as well as reflect the last date of inspection. You should add a description of the status of all engineering systems. In conclusion, it is necessary to put the date and signature of the applicant.

If there was a refusal after the provision of such a statement, the tenants should require his written clearance, then they will be able to contact this written refusal to court. However, court decisions will have to wait long, perhaps not even one year. Therefore, in this case there are 2 possible options:

You can wait for a serious accident that will entail the flooding of the entire entrance. In this case, workers will simply be forced to carry out repair work. However, sometimes it happens that the JEC staff simply make a patch in a problem place, and do not replace the entire riser.
You can conduct a general meeting of housing owners and raise the issue of conducting high-quality replacement of pipes for own funds. At the same time, the fee from one apartment will be 3-5 thousand rubles.

Each house has risers:

heating system;
sewer;
for feeding cold and hot water to the apartment.

Replacing any of the above standings for repairing the water supply system in an apartment building is performed in the following sequence:

Overlapping repaired riser.

If we are talking about DHW and Hydz, it is worth waiting for some time after the overlap, since the residues of the liquid will still be dragged. If the sewage riser is supposed to be replaced, then none of the residents should drain the water (it should be turned off its feed).

Elimination of old pipes.

It is necessary to invite locksters through the management company, since this type of work is quite complicated, especially if pig-iron pipes.

Mounting new pipes.

Now you should open water and make sure that there is no leakage. The optimal option will be the simultaneous replacement of communications throughout the house. Then the likelihood of leaks and emergency situations are reduced.

Despite the fact that the basic principle of work on the replacement of communications systems is the same everywhere, there are still some features.

During the replacement of heating riser:

make an application for the need to disable heat supply and direct it to the control company, since it does not work out independently without special knowledge;
think about installing cutting cranes during the connection of the batteries, this will eliminate the need to overlapping heat throughout the house when the leakage is detected;
do not resort to an excessively tinted diameter during the installation of pipes, otherwise the pipe breaks due to high pressure in the central heating system.

To replace the plumbing riser, you need to correctly pick up the type of pipe. The Systems of the HPW and DHW are different, since plastic reinforced pipes are used when serving hot water, which are not deformed from high temperature.

Replace pipes better in the whole house immediately. However, sometimes it happens that some neighbors against, then the master simply cuts off the old pipe in the apartment before overlaps (top and bottom) and sets special fittings. Dismantling is necessary from the upper floors, but the new riser is mounted from the first floor.

Opinion expert

How to divide the responsibility for water supply with RSO

Elena Sholomova,

lawyer, Auditor, Chairman of the Board TSN "Green, 22"

Where the border on the networks of the HPW and DHW.

The total property of an apartment building includes systems of the HPW and DHW, which consist of:

risers, branches from risers to the first disconnecting device located on branches from risers, disconnecting devices;
Oda cold and hot water;
the first lock-adjusting cranes on the discharges of intra-quarter wiring from the risers;
mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other equipment located on these networks.

The main reason for which you need to know who and what is responsible is finance. The responsible person must contain its property and pay for losses on networks, as well as to develop emergencies. Even the smallest accident on the network "in the ground" will cost quite expensive, as it will be necessary to organize excavations, and then the new improvement of the territory. And if there will be a parking or any other object on the network, the task may not be performed at all.

For all the consequences of the accident, the person is also responsible, in whose conduct is a network site. On Consumer Claims, this person will also answer.

Owners should not bear the cost of property content that does not belong to them. It cannot be argued that the controversial area belongs to the common property only because it is not worth the RSO balance. Such a position was defended by HOA from Khabarovsk (definition of the judicial board of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of 21.03.2016 No. 303-ES16-917).

Where the border on thermal networks.

According to the law, the general property includes:

risers;
heating elements;
regulating and locking fittings;
Oda thermal energy;
other equipment located on these networks.

The place of performance of the obligations of the heat supply organization is the point of delivery, located on the border of the balance sheet accessory of the heat-consuming installation or the thermal network of the consumer and the thermal network of the heat supply organization, or at the point of connection to the unwinding heat network.

It is necessary to defend the position that the equipment or disputed area of \u200b\u200bthe network is not included in the general property. It is worth referring to the lack of a protocol of the General Assembly and the lack of references to the disputed facility in the management agreement of the apartment building. And to transfer the place of delimitation of the balance sheet to the words of the RSO that the site of the network does not belong to it, it is necessary to the will of the owners of the premises in the MCD.

Such conclusions are contained in determining the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 21.12.2015 in case No. 305-ES15-11564, A41-22117 / 2014.

Where the border on the sewer networks.

According to the law, the following components of the domestic engineering system of drainage are considered to be general awareness:

sewer releases;
shaped parts (including taps, transitions, nozzles, revisions, crossmen, tees);
risers, plugs, exhaust pipes, drain funnels;
branches from stands to the first butt compounds;
other equipment located in this system.

If the act of distinction of operational responsibility is absent, the border of operational responsibility is established on the border of the balance sheet (clause 32 of the rules of cold water supply and drainage, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2013 No. 644).

If the water supply to the subscriber is carried out through the forcenet networks, which are transmitted to the water channel, the border of operational responsibility is established on the border of bulk networks.

Often controversial sites are sewer releases from the wall of an apartment building to the first observation well. Most often, the controversial question arises after the end of the construction of the ICD, when the developer does not convey outdoor sewage networks to municipal property. The border of operational responsibility on the sewer networks at the insistence of the Vodokanal in this case should be held at the point of entering the issue in the first observation well. The fact is that:

Internal sewage is a system of pipelines and devices within the boundaries of the external contour of the building and structures, limited to the first viewing well, ensuring the diversion of waste, rain and melt water to the sewage network (clause 3.1.6 SP 30.13330.2016 "SNiP 2.04.01- 85 * Internal water supply and sewage system »). Hence, the conclusion that the sewage system, including sewage issues and taps, branches from the stands to the first butt compounds, belongs to the common property. Therefore, according to Vodokanal, the distinction should be installed at the site of the accession of the release to the sewer.
The costs of servicing and repairing sediments from the outer border of an apartment building to the first viewing well are not laid in the tariff of drainage services, and sewage issues are serviced only by one apartment building.

In connection with the above, Vodokanal insists on the maintenance of the courtyard of the channels only, but the releases from the outer wall of the house to the wells, he refers to the zone of responsibility of the management company.

According to judicial practice, sewage issues of apartment buildings should be divided into:

outdoor part, which is located inside the house to the outer boundary of its wall;
the outdoor part, which passes from the outer boundary of the wall at home to the walls of the sewer wells.

If the general meeting of the owners was not established something else, the sewer editions are considered to be general awareness only in the part that is inside an apartment building (to the outer boundary of its wall). The passage of outdoor sections of sewage networks at the receiving territory in itself does not relate to them to the common property (decree of the Arbitration Court of the East Siberian District of August 24, 2016 in case number A78-10409 / 2015, the Arbitration Court of the North-Western District of 05.05.2016 in the case No. A56-27226 / 2015, the Arbitration Court of the Ural District of 03.10.2016 in case number A76-4485 / 2015).

Relationships between you and the RSO do not apply the norms of the joint venture 30.13330.2016. Any SNiP applicable in designing and construction, but not in determining the composition of the common property in the MCD.

Hot water supply system in an apartment building

DHW is a whole system that consists of pipelines and a variety of devices used to heal cold water and distributing hot consumers. Sometimes there are special pipes in the bathroom and the toilet, which heated the premises. These pipes are also operated as a dryer.

By radius of action, the hot water system in an apartment building can be:

Local.

Such a water supply system is usually created for a group of small objects or one small building. The consumer itself heats the water in this case with a gas or electric boiler-type electric boiler. Maintenance of local water supply systems should be regular, and their use is usually determined by the absence of the possibility of using centralized hot water supply.

Strengths of the local hot water supply system in an apartment building:

it works autonomously;
repair of such a system is simply carried out;
heat loss is small.

Central.

This type of system appeared in connection with the liquidation of district and local boiler houses, as well as heat supply systems. These systems are much more practical in use, since there is no need to install special equipment for heating cold water and do not need any additional wiring. However, the central system of hot water supply in an apartment building has its own minuses:

frequent repair and regular maintenance of pipes;
slow fulfillment of applications for repair by communal services;
sharp pressure drops;
not enough high temperature.

The local hot water system does not have such shortcomings.

As part of centralized water heating systems and water supply, both open (network water is mixed with heated) and closed (water is heated through the surface, without contacting the heat carrier) thermal networks.

The most rational in the use of open heat networks, although the quality of the water supplied in the section of the temperature regime can greatly deteriorate. Today, such systems are quite rare.

The closed hot water system in an apartment building is greater popular lately, as it is based on the use of a thermal mainstyle with a completely separate, autonomous contour (a reservoir for cold water injection). In this autonomous circuit, cold water is pumped, which then passes through the elements of heat exchange. In this case, the elements of heat exchange take heat from the water of the main, which heats up in the CHP. There may also be other sources of heat, but the widespread heat transfer was obtained with the help of an open hot water system.

With this scenario, the quality of the hot water, which is supplied to the house, does not depend on the state of the pipes located in the central heating system. If the closed system is used, then there are heat exchangers and additional pumping installations.

A closed hot water system in an apartment building has certain advantages against the background of an open system, namely high-quality and bacteriological properties.

The closed hot water circuit in an apartment building provides a stable temperature regime, regardless of air temperature in winter.

Today, engineers often use a closed hot water supply system in an apartment building. The scheme of such a plan is considered more reliable.

DHW in the apartment can be carried out using several ways:

water is heated in the boiler room, and then consumer is supplied;
water heats up at a special point, which is located in a quarter or district;
water is heated using special equipment installed in the basement room of an apartment building;
water heating occurs in the consumer's apartment.

DHW can be circulating. With such a device, the movement of water constantly occurs through the pipes and thereby ensures not only the supply of hot water, but also heating.

Still allocate a dead-end system of the DHW. With this situation, water is not immediately used, and over time it can cool. In this regard, the apartment often establishes a special capacity, where water is heated and its temperature is maintained.

The use of the Individual DHW system will be more rational, since the use of a centralized system must be made a monthly fee.

The most economical option for ensuring hot water supply in the apartment can be considered a boiler, since it will be necessary to pay only for cold water, and hot water is provided by the user itself.

Scheme of increase in pressure and solving the problem of insufficient pressure

Quite often arises the problem of unstable water pressure in the pipeline. At the same time, this problem is familiar to both owners of private houses and residents of apartment high spirits. However, in a private house, the pressure in the water supply system may fall due to a minor problem in pumping equipment, which can easily be eliminated on its own. But the problems with central water supply in an apartment building arise on reasons independent of users.

In any building, the water supply has two networks: outdoor and internal. The border between them is the flange of the gate, which is located immediately at the input after the intersection of the wall pipeline.

In addition, the water supply consists of two nodes: input and water meter, as well as risers with liners and distribution branches. Also one of the elements of the internal network can be a water device.

Depending on which particular scheme is applied, a pump or a storage tank may become such an element, such an element due to the water supply can adjust the stability of water supply when the consumption increases.

The main task of the internal network of water supply in an apartment building is the distribution of water at the points of distribution or between consumers. The main role in such a distribution is given by water intake reinforcement. Regulatory reinforcement only controls the aqueous stream.

It is the type of water supply system that determines the location and the total number of elements described above, as well as the ratio of the pressure characteristics of the inner and external network.

By destination, the water supply is happening:

economic drinking (is usually provided in buildings up to 12 floors);
economic drinking, combined with fireproof water supply (building from 12 to 16 floors);
separated drinking and fire-worn-economic with the supply of different water quality (for high-rise buildings).

Of course, under different circumstances and in different cases, the pressure in the water supply system in an apartment building will be much varied.

The simplest version of the water supply system is ensured by a building, up to 6 floors high. With this situation at the entrance to the building, the pressure is necessary for the operation of the internal highway is provided by an outdoor network. In this case, there is no need to establish any additional devices to increase the pressure.

If the outdoor network cannot cope with the task and there is a need to increase the pressure, then the following schemes can be applied:

Scheme 1.Scheme with the introduction of regulating capacity.

If there is not enough pressure for water supply to a far or highly located point, and it is necessary to strengthen the pressure for several hours, then this water supply scheme in an apartment building is the most optimal. It is based on a fairly simple principle of operation: during the recession of consumption (most often at night), the container is filled, and with the increase in consumption (during the daytime), the network is provided with a normal operation of the water.

Such tanks can be used not only to provide water supply in an apartment building with a large number of floors, but also when regulating the water supply of a private house.

This tank can be placed on the eyeliner to plumbing equipment, which needs a higher pressure (laundry, shower and so on).

Scheme 2.Scheme with regular water swap pump.

If the insufficient level of pressure is constantly present, then not to depend on the time of day, it is better to use a scheme with a rising pump. Such a pump is suitable for use in an apartment or a private house, which is connected to a low pressure central water supply. The main disadvantage of this scheme is the asthmatic inclusion of the pump at each opening of the crane, which leads to a fairly rapid wear of the equipment.

Scheme 3.A diagram in which the rising pump is also present and regulating capacity.

This scheme combines the advantages of both schemes described above, and allows you to protect the pump from rapid wear. If the system has a hydroaccumulator, that is, the water accumulation container, the pump will be turned on only when the water level is reduced in such a tank to a certain mark. This is due to the signal from the special sensor in the form of the float, which is installed on the container.

You can choose a pump separately from the tank and vice versa, however, there is an excellent alternative: a special water supply station that is installed on the pipeline. Such a station already includes a container for collecting water, and the pump itself. This unit allows not easy to optimize pressure, but also provides the ability to supply water from water intake (well, water, water tower). In addition, this system is sufficiently easy to use and can be installed independently.

If there are more than 16 floors in the building, then parallel (separate) water supply systems are used more often. In each such network of water supply in an apartment building, water comes with the help of rising pumps placed together on the technical floor or in the basement. As a rule, cold and hot water such networks are powered by water tanks.

Often, these networks are separated by zones: the desired pressure for the lower floors is created using the outflow of the outer pipeline, and for the upper floors - with the help of rising pumps.

Hot water supply (GW) network have a lot in common with cold water supply networks. The hot water network is with the bottom and upper wiring. The hot water network is a dead-end and flaccated, but, unlike the cold water supply networks, the ring ring is necessary to maintain high water temperature.

Simple (impressive) Networks GW are used in small low-rise buildings, in household premises of industrial buildings and buildings with stable hot water consumption (bath, laundry).

Hot water network circuits with circulating pipeline should be used in residential buildings, hotels, hostels, medical institutions, sanatoriums and holiday homes, in children's preschool institutions, as well as in all cases when uneven and short-term water selection is possible.

Typically, the hot water supply network consists of horizontal feeding lines and vertical distribution pipelines, which are suitable for commercial wiring. Hot water risers are paved as close as possible to the instruments.

Figure 1. Scheme with upper wiring of the feed line: 1 - water heater; 2 - feeding riser; 3 - distribution risers; 4 - Circulation Network

In addition, hot water supply is divided into two-pipe (with flakes) and one-tube (with dead-end risers).

Consider some of the large numbers of possible schemes of hot water networks.

With the upper wiring of the highways, the collective circulation pipeline closes in the form of a ring. The circulation of water in the pipeline ring in the absence of water treatment is carried out under the action of a gravitational pressure occurring in the system due to the difference in the density of cooled and hot water. Water cooled in risers is lowered down into the water heater and displaces water from it with a higher temperature. Thus, there is continuous water exchange in the system.

Stone network scheme (Fig. 2) has the smallest metal, but due to a significant cooling and irrational reset of the cooled water, it is used in residential buildings with a height of 4 floors, if the risers do not provide a heated towel rail and the length of the main pipes of Mala.

Figure 2. Tepique hot water circuit: 1 - water heater; 2 - distribution risers

If the length of the main pipes is large, and the height of the risers is limited, used scheme with flakes feed and circulating highways With the installation of the circulation pump on them (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Scheme with switched trunk pipelines:1 - water heater; 2 - distribution risers; 3 - diaphragm (additional hydraulic resistance); 4 - circulating pump; 5 - check valve

Greeting the greatest distribution two-pipe scheme (Fig. 4), in which circulation for risers and highways is carried out using a pump taking water from the return highway and feeds it into the water heater. The system with one-sided attachment of watersum points to the feeding riser and with the installation of heated towel rails on the reverse riser is the most common variant of this scheme. The two-pipe scheme turned out to be reliable in operation and convenient for consumers, but it is characterized by high metal.

Figure 4. Two-pipe hot water supply scheme: 1 - water heater; 2 - feeding line; 3 - circulating highway; 4 - circulating pump; 5 - feeding riser; 6 - circulating riser; 7 - waterscence; 8 - Heated towel rails

To reduce metal consumption in recent years began to use a diagram in which several feeding rims are combined with a jumper with one circulation riser (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. Scheme with one unifying circulation riser: 1 - water heater; 2 - feeding line; 3 - circulating highway; 4 - circulating pump; 5 - watershed risers; 6 - circulating riser; 7 - check valve

Recently appeared schemes of a single-tube system of hot water supply with one idle feed on a group of waterborne risers (Fig. 6). Idling is isolated and installed in a pair with one watershed or in a sectional node consisting of 2-3 chalted watershed risers. The main purpose of idling is the transportation of hot water from the highway to the upper jumper and further into watershed risers. In each riser, there is an independent additional circulation due to the gravitational pressure arising in the contour of the sectional assembly due to the cooling of water in watershed risers. The idle stand helps the correct distribution of streams within the section node.

Figure 6. Sectional single-pipe scheme of hot water supply: 1 - feeding line; 2 - circulating highway; 3 - idle feeder; 4 - watershed riser; 5 - ring jumper; 6 - shut-off valves; 7 - heated towel rail.