Adolf Hitler was born. ThePerson: Adolf Hitler, biography, political activities. Other biography options

The official census indicates that Adolf was born in Austria in April 1889. There is a version that his father Alois Schicklgruber was illegitimate and bore his mother's surname until the age of 14. Later, his mother married a certain I.G. Hidler (over time, this surname changed a little), and under this surname Alois had already begun his youthful life, i.e. Adolf himself was already born into a family of full-fledged Hitlers.

The stepfather belonged to a family of Jews of Czech origin. Naturally, he had nothing to do with Adolf's family tree. In 1928, after a series of investigations, a theory emerged that Adolf's grandfather could have been a Jew. Most opponents of Hitler's political convictions happily supported this version, trying to discredit his personality and raise the question of his membership in the SS. Gaps in the biography of the German Fuehrer contributed to the strengthening of this theory. However, having raised the secret archives, historians have come to the conclusion that there are no Jewish roots in Hitler's family. And today this version is recognized as official, completely refuting the Jewish origin of the Fuhrer. After a detailed study of the declassified documents, it was established that only Austrians were in Hitler's family tree for several generations.

Adolf Hitler is a well-known political leader in Germany, whose activities are associated with heinous crimes against humanity, including the Holocaust. Founder of the Nazi Party and the dictatorship of the Third Reich, whose immoral philosophy and political views are still widely discussed in society today.

After Hitler managed to become the head of the German fascist state in 1934, he launched a large-scale operation to seize Europe, became the initiator of World War II, which made him a "monster and sadist" for Soviet citizens, and for many Germans - a genius leader who changed people's lives for the better.

Childhood and youth

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in the Austrian city of Braunau am Inn, located near the border with Germany. His parents, Alois and Klara Hitler, were peasants, but his father managed to break out into the people and become a state customs official, which allowed the family to live in decent conditions. "Nazi No. 1" was the third child in the family and beloved by his mother, whom he looked very much like. Later, he had a younger brother, Edmund, and a sister, Paula, to whom the future German Fuhrer became very attached and took care of all his life.

Adolf spent his childhood years in constant moving, caused by the peculiarities of his father's work, and changing schools, where he did not show any special talents, but still he was able to finish four classes of a real school in Steyr and received a certificate of education, in which good grades were only in drawing and physical education. During this period, his mother, Clara Hitler, dies of cancer, which dealt a serious blow to the young man's psyche, but he did not break down, and, having completed the necessary documents for receiving a pension for himself and his sister Paula, moved to Vienna and set foot on the path of adulthood.

First, he tried to enter the Art Academy, as he had an extraordinary talent and craving for the visual arts, but failed the entrance exams. The next few years, the biography of Adolf Hitler was filled with poverty, vagrancy, odd jobs, constant travel from place to place, and shelters under city bridges. All this time, he did not tell either his family or friends about his location, as he was afraid of being drafted into the army, where he would have to serve along with the Jews, for whom he felt deep hatred.

At the age of 24, Hitler moved to Munich, where he met with the First World War, which made him very happy. He immediately volunteered for the Bavarian army, in the ranks of which he took part in many battles. He took the defeat of Germany in the First World War very painfully and categorically accused politicians of it. Against this background, he took up large-scale campaign work, which allowed him to get into the political movement of the People's Labor Party, which he skillfully turned into a Nazi one.

The path to power

Having become the head of the NSDAP, Adolf Hitler gradually began to make his way deeper and deeper to political heights and in 1923 he organized the "Beer Putsch". Having enlisted the support of 5 thousand stormtroopers, he burst into the beer bar, where the meeting of the leaders of the General Staff was taking place, and announced the overthrow of the traitors in the Berlin government. On November 9, 1923, the Nazi putsch headed towards the ministry to seize power, but was intercepted by police squads who used firearms to disperse the Nazis.

In March 1924, Adolf Hitler, as the organizer of the coup, was convicted of high treason and sentenced to 5 years in prison. But the Nazi dictator spent only 9 months in prison - on December 20, 1924, for unknown reasons, he was released.

Immediately after his liberation, Hitler revived the Nazi party NSDAP and transformed it with the help of Gregor Strasser into a national political force. During that period, he managed to establish close ties with the generals of Germany, as well as establish contact with large industrial magnates.

At the same time, Adolf Hitler wrote his work "My Struggle" ("Mein Kampf"), in which he outlined his autobiography and the idea of ​​National Sociolism. In 1930, the political leader of the Nazis became the supreme commander of the Assault Forces (SA), and in 1932 he tried to get the post of Reich Chancellor. To do this, he had to give up Austrian citizenship and become a citizen of Germany, as well as enlist the support of the allies.

The first time Hitler failed to win the elections, in which he was overtaken by Kurt von Schleicher. A year later, German President Paul von Hindenburg, under Nazi pressure, dismissed the victorious von Schleicher and appointed Hitler in his place.

This appointment did not cover all the hopes of the Nazi leader, since power over Germany continued to remain in the hands of the Reichstag, and his powers included only the leadership of the Cabinet of Ministers, which was yet to be created.

In just 1.5 years, Adolf Hitler managed to remove all obstacles in the form of the President of Germany and the Reichstag from his path and become an unlimited dictator. From that moment, the oppression of Jews and Gypsies began in the country, trade unions were closed and the "Hitler era" began, which for 10 years of his reign was completely saturated with human blood.

Nazism and war

In 1934, Hitler gained power over Germany, where the total Nazi regime immediately began, whose ideology was the only correct one. After becoming the ruler of Germany, the leader of the Nazis immediately revealed his true face and began major foreign policy actions. He is rapidly creating the Wehrmacht and rebuilding air and tank forces, as well as long-range artillery. Contrary to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany seizes the Rhine zone, and after Czechoslovakia and Austria.

Then he carried out a purge in his ranks - the dictator organized the so-called "Night of the Long Knives", when all the prominent Nazis, who posed a threat to Hitler's absolute power, were destroyed. Assuming the title of supreme leader of the "Third Reich", the Fuhrer created the Gestapo police and a system of concentration camps, where he imprisoned all "undesirable elements", namely Jews, Gypsies, political opponents, and later prisoners of war.

The basis of the internal policy of Adolf Hitler was the ideology of racial discrimination and the superiority of the indigenous Aryans over other peoples. His goal was to become the only leader of the whole world, in which the Slavs were to become "elite" slaves, and the lower races, to which he ranked Jews and Gypsies, were completely destroyed. Along with massive crimes against humanity, the ruler of Germany developed a similar foreign policy, deciding to take over the whole world.

In April 1939, Hitler approved a plan for an attack on Poland, which was defeated in September of the same year. Further, the Germans occupied Norway, Holland, Denmark, Belgium, Luxembourg and broke through the French front. In the spring of 1941, Hitler captured Greece and Yugoslavia, and on June 22 attacked the USSR, which was then headed.

In 1943, the Red Army launched a large-scale offensive against the Germans, thanks to which in 1945 the Second World War entered the territory of the Reich, which completely drove the Fuhrer crazy. He sent pensioners, teenagers and disabled people to battle with the Red Army, ordering the soldiers to stand to their death, while he himself hid in the "bunker" and watched what was happening from the side.

Holocaust and death camps

With the coming to power of Adolf Hitler, a whole complex of death camps and concentration camps was created in Germany, Poland and Austria, the first of which was created in 1933 near Munich. It is known that there were more than 42 thousand such camps, in which millions of people died under torture. These specially equipped centers were intended for genocide and terror against both prisoners of war and the local population, which included the disabled, women and children.

The largest Hitlerite "factories of death" were "Auschwitz", "Majdanek", "Buchenwald", "Treblinka", in which people dissenting from Hitler were subjected to inhuman torture and "experiments" with poisons, incendiary mixtures, gas, which in 80% of cases resulted in to the painful death of people. All death camps were created with the aim of "cleansing" the entire world population from anti-fascists, inferior races, which for Hitler were Jews and Gypsies, ordinary criminals and simply undesirable "elements" for the German leader.

The symbol of Hitler's ruthlessness and fascism was the Polish city of Auschwitz, where the most terrible conveyors of death were built, where more than 20 thousand people were killed every day. This is one of the most terrible places on Earth, which became the center of the extermination of Jews - they died there in the "gas" chambers immediately after their arrival, even without registration and identification. Camp Auschwitz (Auschwitz) has become a tragic symbol of the Holocaust - the mass destruction of the Jewish nation, which is recognized as the largest genocide of the 20th century.

Why did Hitler hate Jews?

There are several versions why Adolf Hitler hated the Jews so much, whom he tried to "wipe out". Historians who have studied the personality of the "bloody" dictator put forward several theories, each of which could be true.

The first and most plausible version is considered the "racial politics" of the German dictator, who considered only native Germans as people. In this regard, he divided all nations into three parts - the Aryans, who were supposed to rule the world, the Slavs, who were assigned the role of slaves in his ideology, and the Jews, whom Hitler planned to completely destroy.

The economic motives of the Holocaust are not ruled out, since at that time Germany was in a critical state in terms of the economy, and the Jews had profitable enterprises and banking institutions, which Hitler took from them after being exiled to concentration camps.

There is also a version that Hitler exterminated the Jewish nation in order to maintain the morale of his army. He assigned the Jews and Gypsies the role of victims, whom he gave to be torn apart so that the Nazis could enjoy human blood, which, in the opinion of the leader of the Third Reich, should have set them up for victory.

Personal life

The personal life of Adolf Hitler in modern history has no confirmed facts and is filled with a lot of speculation. It is known that the German Fuhrer was never officially married and had no recognized children. At the same time, despite his rather unattractive appearance, he was the favorite of the entire female population of the country, which played an important role in his life. Historians claim that "Nazi No. 1" knew how to influence people hypnotically.

With his speeches and cultural manners, he charmed the opposite sex, whose representatives began to recklessly love the leader, which forced the ladies to do the impossible for him. Hitler's mistresses were mostly married ladies who idolized him and considered him an outstanding person.

In 1929, the dictator met Hitler with her appearance and cheerful disposition. Over the years of her life with the Fuhrer, the girl twice tried to commit suicide because of the love of her civil husband, who openly flirted with the women he liked.

In 2012, US citizen Werner Schmedt said that he was the legitimate son of Hitler and his young niece Geli Ruabal, whom, according to historians, the dictator killed in a fit of jealousy. He provided family photos in which the Fuhrer of the Third Reich and Geli Roabal are hugging. Also, the possible son of Hitler presented his birth certificate, in which only the initials "G" and "R" are in the data column about the parents, which was done allegedly for conspiracy purposes.

According to the Fuhrer's son, after the death of Geli Ruabal, nannies from Austria and Germany were engaged in his upbringing, but his father constantly visited him. In 1940, Schmedt saw Hitler for the last time, who promised to give him the whole world in case of victory in World War II. But since events did not unfold according to Hitler's plan, Werner had to hide his origin and place of residence from everyone for a long time.

Death

On April 30, 1945, when Hitler's house in Berlin was surrounded by the Soviet army, "Nazi No. 1" admitted defeat and decided to commit suicide. There are several versions of how Adolf Hitler died: some historians claim that the German dictator drank potassium cyanide, while others do not exclude that he shot himself. Together with the head of Germany, his common-law wife Eva Braun, with whom he lived for more than 15 years, also died.

It is reported that the bodies of the spouses were burned before entering the bunker, which was the requirement of the dictator before his death. Later, the remains of Hitler's body were found by a group of the Red Army guards - to this day, only dentures and part of the skull of the Nazi leader with a bullet inlet, which are still stored in Russian archives, have survived.

Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf

(Hitler), real name Schicklgruber (1889-1945), Fuhrer (leader) of the National Socialist Party (since 1921), head of the German fascist state (in 1933 he became Reich Chancellor, in 1934 he combined this post and the post of president). Established a regime of fascist terror in Germany. The direct initiator of the outbreak of World War II, the treacherous attack on the USSR (June 1941). One of the main organizers of the mass extermination of prisoners of war and civilians in the occupied territory. With the entry of Soviet troops into Berlin, he committed suicide. At the Nuremberg Trials, he was recognized as the main Nazi war criminal.

HITLER (Hitler) Adolf (April 20, 1889, Braunau am Inn, Austria - April 30, 1945, Berlin), Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor of Germany (1933-1945).
Youth. World War I
Hitler was born into the family of an Austrian customs official, who until 1876 bore the surname Schicklgruber (hence the opinion that this is the real name of Hitler). At the age of 16, Hitler graduated from a real school in Linz, which did not give a complete secondary education. Attempts to enter the Vienna Academy of Arts were unsuccessful. After the death of his mother (1908), Hitler moved to Vienna, where he lived in shelters for the homeless, was interrupted by odd jobs. During this period, he managed to sell several of his watercolors, which gave reason to call himself an artist. His views were influenced by the extreme nationalist Linz professor Petsch and the well-known anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna K. Luger. Hitler was hostile to the Slavs (especially the Czechs) and hatred of the Jews. He believed in the greatness and special mission of the German nation. On the eve of World War I, Hitler moved to Munich, where he led his former lifestyle. In the early years of the war he volunteered for the German army. He served as a private, then a corporal, took part in military operations. He was twice wounded and awarded the Iron Cross.
Leader of the NSDAP
Defeat in the war of the German Empire and the November Revolution of 1918 (cm. NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918 in Germany) Hitler took it as a personal tragedy. Weimar Republic (cm. WEIMAR REPUBLIC) considered a product of traitors, stabbed in the back of the German army. At the end of 1918 he returned to Munich and joined the Reichswehr (cm. REICHSVER)... On behalf of the command, he was collecting compromising material on participants in the revolutionary events in Munich. On the recommendation of Captain E. Rem (cm. REM Ernst)(who became Hitler's closest associate) became a member of the Munich radical right organization - the so-called. German Workers' Party. Having quickly pushed its creators out of the leadership of the party, he became the sovereign leader - the Fuhrer. On the initiative of Hitler in 1919, the party adopted a new name - the German National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (in the German transcription of the NSDAP). In the German journalism of that time, the party was ironically called "Nazi", and its supporters were "Nazis". This name was assigned to the NSDAP.
Nazi program installations
The main ideas of Hitler that had taken shape by this time were reflected in the NSDAP program (25 points), the core of which was the following requirements: 1) restoration of the power of Germany by uniting all Germans under a single state roof; 2) the establishment of the domination of the German Empire in Europe, mainly in the east of the continent - on the Slavic lands; 3) cleansing the German territory of "foreigners" that litter it, first of all, the Jews; 4) the elimination of the rotten parliamentary regime, its replacement by a vertical hierarchy corresponding to the German spirit, in which the will of the people is personified in a leader endowed with absolute power; 5) the liberation of the people from the dictates of world finance capital and all-round support for small and handicraft production, the creativity of persons in the free professions. These ideas were set forth in Hitler's autobiographical book My Struggle (Hitler A. Mein Kampf. Muenchen., 1933).
"Beer putsch"
By the early 1920s. The NSDAP has become one of the most prominent right-wing extremist organizations in Bavaria. At the head of the assault detachments (the German reduction of the SA) was E. Rem (cm. REM Ernst)... Hitler quickly became a political figure to be reckoned with, at least within Bavaria. By the end of 1923, the crisis in Germany escalated. In Bavaria, supporters of the overthrow of the parliamentary government and the establishment of a dictatorship grouped around the head of the Bavarian administration, von Kara, an active role in the coup was assigned to Hitler and his party.
On November 8, 1923, Hitler, speaking at a rally in the Munich beer house "Bürgerbraeckeler", proclaimed the beginning of a national revolution and announced the overthrow of the government of traitors in Berlin. Top officials in Bavaria, led by von Kar, joined this statement. At night, the NSDAP assault troops began to occupy the administrative buildings of Munich. However, soon von Kar and his entourage decided to compromise with the center. When on November 9 Hitler led his supporters to the central square and led them to the "Feldgerenhale", units of the Reichswehr opened fire on them. Carrying away the dead and wounded, the Nazis and their supporters left the streets. This episode went down in the history of Germany under the name "beer putsch". In February - March 1924, a trial took place over the leaders of the putsch. Only Hitler and several of his associates were in the dock. The court sentenced Hitler to 5 years in prison, but after 9 months he was released.
Reich Chancellor
During the absence of the leader, the party disintegrated. Hitler had to practically start all over again. He was greatly helped by Rem, who began the restoration of the assault detachments. However, the decisive role in the revival of the NSDAP was played by Gregor Strasser, the leader of the right-wing extremist movements in North and North-West Germany. By bringing them into the ranks of the NSDAP, he helped transform the party from a regional (Bavarian) into a nationwide political force.
Meanwhile, Hitler was looking for support at the all-German level. He managed to win the confidence of the generals, as well as establish contacts with industrial magnates. When the parliamentary elections in 1930 and 1932 brought the Nazis a serious increase in the number of deputy mandates, the country's ruling circles began to seriously consider the NSDAP as a possible participant in government combinations. An attempt was made to remove Hitler from the leadership of the party and to rely on Strasser. However, Hitler was able to quickly isolate his associate and close friend and deprive him of all influence in the party. In the end, the German leadership decided to grant Hitler the main administrative and political post, surrounding him (just in case) with guardians from the traditional conservative parties. January 31, 1933 President Hindenburg (cm. HINDENBURG Paul) appointed Hitler as Reich Chancellor (Prime Minister of Germany).
Already in the first months of his tenure in power, Hitler demonstrated that he did not intend to reckon with restrictions, no matter who they came from. Using as a pretext the Nazi-organized arson of the parliament building (Reichstag (cm. REICHSTAG)), he began a general "unification" of Germany. First the communist and then the social democratic parties were banned. A number of parties were forced to disband. The trade unions were liquidated, the property of which was transferred to the Nazi workers' front. Opponents of the new government were sent to concentration camps without trial or investigation. Mass persecution of "foreigners" began, culminating in the "Endlezung" operation a few years later. (cm. HOLOCAUST (by Y. Graf))(final decision) aimed at the physical destruction of the entire Jewish population.
Hitler's personal (real and potential) rivals in the party (and outside it) did not escape repression. On June 30, he took a personal part in the destruction of the SA leaders, who were suspected of disloyalty to the Fuhrer. The first victim of this massacre was Hitler's longtime associate, Rem. Strasser, von Kar, former Reich Chancellor General Schleicher and other figures were physically destroyed. Hitler acquired absolute power over Germany.
The Second World War
To strengthen the mass base of his regime, Hitler carried out a number of measures designed for popular support. Unemployment was sharply reduced and then eliminated. Large-scale actions on humanitarian aid to the needy population were launched. Mass, cultural and sports festivals, etc. were encouraged. However, the basis of the policy of the Hitler regime was preparation for revenge for the lost World War I. For this purpose, industry was reconstructed, large-scale construction was launched, and strategic reserves were created. In the spirit of revenge, propaganda treatment of the population was carried out. Hitler went to gross violations of the Treaty of Versailles (cm. VERSAILLES TREATY 1919), which limited the military efforts of Germany. The small Reichswehr was turned into a millionth Wehrmacht (cm. VERMACHT), tank troops and military aviation have been restored. The status of the demilitarized Rhine zone was canceled. With the connivance of the leading European powers, Czechoslovakia was dismembered, Czechia was absorbed, Austria was annexed. Having secured Stalin's approval, Hitler brought his troops into Poland. In 1939 the Second World War began. Having achieved successes in hostilities against France and England and having conquered almost the entire western part of the continent, in 1941 Hitler turned his troops against the Soviet Union. The defeats of the Soviet troops at the first stage of the Soviet-German war led to the occupation of the Baltic republics, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and part of Russia by the Nazi troops. The most severe occupation regime was established in the occupied territories, which destroyed many millions of people. However, from the end of 1942, Hitler's armies began to suffer defeat. In 1944, the Soviet territory was liberated from the occupation, the fighting was approaching the German borders. Hitler's troops were forced to retreat in the west as well as a result of the offensive of the Anglo-American divisions that landed in Italy and on the coast of France.
In 1944, a conspiracy was organized against Hitler, the purpose of which was to physically eliminate him and conclude peace with the advancing allied forces. The Fuhrer was aware that the complete defeat of Germany was inevitably approaching. On April 30, 1945, in surrounded Berlin, Hitler, together with his partner Eva Braun (with whom he married the day before), committed suicide.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what "Hitler Adolf" is in other dictionaries:

- (Hitler) (April 20, 1889, Braunau on the Inn, Austria April 30, 1945, Berlin) Führer and Reich Chancellor of Germany (1933 1945). The organizer of the Second World War, the personification of Nazism, fascism of the XXI century, totalitarianism, including ideological, ... ... Political science. Dictionary.

Hitler Adolf- (Hitler, Adolf) (1889 1945), German, dictator. Genus. in Austria in the family of Alois Hitler and his wife Clara Pölzl. In the beginning. 1st World War he volunteered for the Bavarian army, became a corporal (corporal), was twice awarded the Iron Cross for ... ... The World History

Hitler request is redirected here; see also other meanings. Adolf Hitler is mute. Adolf Hitler ... Wikipedia

Hitler [real name Schicklgruber] Adolf (20.4.1889, Braunau, Austria, 30.4.1945, Berlin), leader of the German fascist (National Socialist) party, head of the German fascist state (1933 45), chief ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Both of Adolf Hitler's parents came from the rural Waldviertel region of Austria, near the Czech border. Hitler's father, Alois, was born on June 7, 1837 to the unmarried 42-year-old Maria Anna Schicklgruber. Alois's father (Adolf Hitler's grandfather) is unknown. It was rumored that he was the son of a wealthy Jew, Frankenberger, for whom Maria Anna worked as a servant cook. When Alois was almost five years old, a certain Johann Georg Hiedler married Maria Schicklgruber. The surname Hiedler (in the old metrics written also as Hüttler) sounded unusual for an Austrian and resembled a Slavic one. Five years later, Maria, Adolf Hitler's grandmother, died. Stepfather Johann Georg abandoned his stepson, and Alois was raised by his stepfather's brother, who had no sons, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. At the age of 13, Alois escaped from home and got a job first as a shoemaker's apprentice in Vienna, and after 5 years - in the border guard. He quickly moved up the ranks and soon became a senior customs inspector in the town of Braunau.

Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler

In the spring of 1876, Nepomuk, who wanted to have a son, even if he was not a native, adopted Alois, giving him his last name. It is not known why she was slightly changed upon adoption - from Hiedler to Hitler. Six months later, Nepomuk died, and Alois inherited his farm worth 5,000 florins. A lover of love affairs, the father of Adolf Hitler then already had an illegitimate daughter. Alois first married a woman who was 14 years older than him, but she divorced him when he had an affair with the cook, Fanny Matzelsberger. In addition, Alois was attracted by the granddaughter of his adoptive father Nepomuk, sixteen-year-old Clara Pelzl, who was formally his cousin. In 1882, Fanny gave birth to a son from Alois, named after his father, and then a daughter, Angela. Alois married Fanny by legal marriage, but she died in 1884.

Even before that, Alois entered into a love affair with the calm, soft Clara Pelzl. In January 1885, he married her, having received special permission for this from Rome, since the new wife was formally a close relative of him. In the coming years, Clara gave birth to two boys and one girl, but they all died. On April 20, 1889, Clara had her fourth child, Adolf.

Clara Pelzl-Hitler - mother of Adolf Hitler

Three years later, Alois was promoted, and the parents of Adolf Hitler moved from Austria to the German city of Passau, where the young Fuhrer forever learned the Bavarian dialect. When Adolf was almost five years old, his parents had another child - a son, Edmund. In the spring of 1895, Hitler's family moved to Hafeld, a village fifty kilometers southwest of Linz. The Hitlers lived in a peasant house with a field of almost two hectares and were considered wealthy people. Soon the parents sent Hitler to elementary school, the teachers of which later remembered him as "a student with a lively mind, obedient, but playful." Even at this age, Adolf showed oratory and soon became a ringleader among his peers. At the beginning of 1896, a daughter, Paula, was also born to the Hitler family.

House in Braunau, where Hitler's family lived and he was born

Alois Hitler resigned from customs, leaving behind the memory of a diligent employee, but a rather arrogant man who loved to be photographed in his official uniform. Because of his tendencies as a family tyrant, he entered into a sharp conflict with his eldest son and namesake. At the age of 14, Alois Jr. followed his father's example and ran away from home. Hitler's family moved again - to the town of Lambach, where they settled in a good apartment on the second floor of a spacious house. In 1898, the young Adolf graduated from school with twelve "units" - the highest mark in German schools. In 1899, Hitler's father bought a cozy house in Leonding, a village on the outskirts of Linz.

Adolf Hitler in 1889-1890

After the flight of Alois Jr., his father began to drill Adolf. He also thought about running away from the family. Already at the age of eleven, Adolf strived for leadership. In that year's photograph, he sits among his classmates, towering over his comrades, with his chin raised and his arms folded across his chest. Adolf showed a talent for drawing. The young Fuhrer was very fond of the games of war and the Indians, he read books about the Franco-Prussian war.

Adolf Hitler with classmates (1900)

In 1900, Adolf Hitler's brother, Edmund, died of measles. Adolf dreamed of becoming an artist, but his parents sent him to the Linz real school in 1900. The big city made a strong impression on the boy. He did not study particularly well, especially in science subjects. Among his classmates, Adolf Hitler became a leader. "He merged two extremes of character, the combination of which is extremely rare in people - he was a calm fanatic" - later recalled one of his fellow practitioners.

On January 3, 1903, the head of the Hitler family, Alois, died of a stroke in a pub. His widow began to receive a good pension. Family tyranny is now a thing of the past. Adolf studied worse and worse and dreamed of becoming a great artist. His older half-sister Angela married Leo Raubal, a tax inspector from Linz. "He lacked self-discipline, he was wayward, arrogant and hot-tempered ... He reacted very painfully to advice and remarks, demanding at the same time from his classmates unquestioning obedience to him as a leader," one of his Linz teachers. Boy Hitler was very fond of history, especially stories about the ancient Germans. The last, fifth grade, Adolf graduated from a real school in Steyr, forty kilometers from Linz. He passed the final exams in mathematics and German only on the second attempt (1905). Now he could continue his studies at a higher real school or a technical institute, but, disgusted with technical sciences, he convinced his mother that this was unnecessary. At the same time, Adolf referred to a pulmonary disease that then appeared in him.

He continued to live in Linz, read a lot, painted, went to museums and the opera house. In the fall of 1905, Hitler became friends with August Kubitschek, who was studying to be a musician. They became very close. Kubitschek admired his comrade, who often spoke in his presence. Hitler told Kubitschek about his sublime romantic love for a certain Stefanie Jansten, a beauty of the "Nordic type", to whom he did not dare to confess his feelings. On this occasion, Hitler was even going to jump from the bridge into the Danube. He spoke to Kubitschek about his plans to rebuild all of Vienna (planning, among other things, to build a 100-meter steel tower there). In the spring of 1906, Adolf spent a month in Vienna, and the trip there strengthened his intention to devote his life to painting and architecture.

Hitler's mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. In January 1907, she had one breast removed. In September 1907, Hitler, having received, with the consent of his mother, who constantly pampered him, his share of the inheritance, about 700 crowns, went to Vienna to enter the Academy of Arts. But he failed in the exam. In October 1907, the Jewish doctor Bloch, who was treating Klara Hitler, informed Adolf that she was in very poor condition. Adolf returned home from Vienna and selflessly looked after his mother, sparing no expense for her treatment. On December 21, Klara died, and her son mourned her fervently. "In all my practice," Dr. Bloch recalled later, "I have never seen a more inconsolable person than Adolf Hitler."

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, located on the German-Austrian border, into a shoemaker's family. Hitler's family moved frequently, so he had to change four schools.

In 1905, the young man graduated from school in Linz, receiving an incomplete secondary education. With an outstanding artistic talent, he twice tried to enter the Vienna Academy of Arts. However, in both cases, Adolf Hitler, whose biography could have developed differently, was refused. In 1908, the young man's mother died. He moved to Vienna, where he lived very poorly, worked as an artist and writer, and was actively engaged in self-education.

World War I. NSDAP

With the outbreak of the First World War, Adolf voluntarily went to the front. In early 1914, he swore allegiance to Emperor Franz Joseph and King Ludwig III of Bavaria. During the war years Adolf received the rank of corporal and several awards.

In 1919, the founder of the German Workers' Party (DAP) A. Drexler invited Hitler to join them. After leaving the army, Adolf joined the party, taking responsibility for political propaganda. Soon, Hitler managed to transform the party into the National Socialist, renaming it the NSDAP. In 1921, a turning point occurred in Hitler's short biography - he led the workers' party. After organizing the Bavarian putsch ("Beer Putsch") in 1923, Hitler was arrested and sentenced to 5 years.

Political career

Having revived the NSDAP, in 1929 Hitler created the Hitlerjungen organization. In 1932, Adolf meets his future wife, Eva Braun.

In the same year, Adolf put forward his candidacy in the elections, they began to reckon with him as an iconic political figure. In 1933, President Hydenburg appointed Hitler as Reich Chancellor (Prime Minister of Germany). Having received power in his hands, Adolf banned the activities of all parties except the Nazis, passed a law according to which he became a dictator with unlimited power for 4 years.

In 1934, Hitler took on the title of leader of the Third Reich. Assuming even more power for himself, he brought in SS guards, established concentration camps, and modernized and armed the army.

The Second World War

In 1938, Hitler's troops captured Austria, the western part of Czechoslovakia was annexed to Germany. In 1939, the capture of Poland began, marking the beginning of World War II. In June 1941, Germany attacked the USSR, headed by I. Stalin. In the first year, German troops occupied the Baltic states, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. In 1944, the Soviet army managed to change the course of the war and take the offensive.

At the beginning of 1945, when German troops were defeated, the remnants of the army were managed from Hitler's bunker (underground shelter). Soon, Soviet troops surrounded Berlin.

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• After coming to power, Hitler created over 42,000 concentration and death camps. The largest of them were Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Majdanek, Treblinka, where people were subjected to sophisticated torture.
• During his stay in prison after the Bavarian putsch, Adolf wrote the famous work "Mein Kampf" ("Mein Kampf" - translated from German "My struggle"). In this work, he outlined his position on racial purity, declaring war on Jews, communists, said that Germany should dominate the world.
• According to some reports, Hitler faked suicide and secretly fled Germany. However, historians have not yet found reliable evidence of this fact.
• Hitler banned the Nobel Prize, creating his own National Prize, which he managed to award only to Ferdinand Porsche, a car designer.
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