Rowan nevezhinskaya: varieties, planting, cultivation and use. Useful properties of red rowan and planting and growing nevezhinsky rowan rowan rowan nevezhinsky planting and care

Informational article about nevezhinskaya mountain ash, its differences from common mountain ash. Description of the plant, varieties, and care. The use of rowan fruits in folk medicine and cooking. The bright red brushes of rowan trees serve as a source of inspiration for poets and artists. And the nezhinskaya rowan tree also has its own history and its own secret. It is associated with the history and world popularity of Smirnov vodkas and tinctures.

Historical information on how nevezhinskaya mountain ash became nezhinskaya, description of the plant, variety

Back in the middle of the 19th century, the former serf Pyotr Smirnov, having received his freedom, arrived in Moscow with his father and brother from the Yaroslavl province. It happened in 1858. And already in 1860 he opened his first establishment, where he successfully traded in wine. Three years later, the former serf becomes a merchant of the third guild and opens a vodka distillery. Things are going so well that Smirnovskaya vodka becomes the winner of international exhibitions and receives world recognition by 1876.

In 1889 at the World Exhibition a gold medal was given to a drink released under the name "Nezhinskaya". The product impressed the judges not only with a very nice bottle with an elongated neck and a base in the form of a pleated skirt, but also with an extraordinary taste. There was no bitterness or astringency in the mountain ash drink.

Competitors added ordinary sugar to mountain ash, but could not get the desired taste. And the secret was that from childhood Peter Smirnov was familiar with a very sweet and large mountain ash from the village. Nevezhin, which was in the Vladimir province. Where half a ton of delicious berries was collected for the Smirnovsky plant. Initially, the drink was planned to be called "Nevezhinskaya Ryabina".

But so that competitors would not guess where the raw materials for the next masterpiece of P. Smirnov were collected, the drink was named "Nezhinskaya Rowan", and a whole box of high-quality drink was presented to the King of Spain. Indeed, at first glance, nevezhinskaya mountain ash does not differ from ordinary mountain ash. In fact, the plant is a kind of common mountain ash, and it got its name from the place of growth.

It is a deciduous tree with openwork, pinnate foliage, dense white inflorescence shields. However, the fruits of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash are large, and by the time they ripen, they do not have a bitter taste. Currently, the following Nevezhinsky mountain ash has been bred and successfully grown:

1. Kubovaya or Nevezhinskaya kubovaya with elongated orange-red fruits, juicy and very sweet fruits, ripen by September 15th.
2. Yellow - its characteristics are similar to Kubova, but the color of the berries is yellow-orange.
3. Red - the fruits are larger and sweeter than those of the previous variety, the color of the fruits is scarlet.

It remains to find out how to grow sweet and tasty mountain ash Nevezhinsky in the garden.

How to plant and grow Nevezhinskaya mountain ash on the site

Planting material

To plant rowan nevezhinsky in the garden, planting material is needed. Here you can either buy a ready-made seedling from a trusted manufacturer, or you need to already have an adult tree and get layering from it. For this, a branch is bent in the fall or spring. Then it is pinned to the soil, buried in earth. A year later, they separate the bush from the mother plant and grow it for another year in the same place. Then the plant is dug up and transplanted to a new place.

Important! To get a good harvest, it is advisable to plant two varieties of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash. In extreme cases, you can plant rowan as a pollinator. For reproduction, you can try to root, but you should not propagate these plants with seeds, new plants may not inherit the qualities of the mother tree.

Planting and leaving

Video about the benefits of mountain ash:

A place well lit by the sun with fertile loamy soil is suitable for Nevezhin mountain ash. Do not plant it on acidic, clayey, swampy and sandy lands. The planting hole is dug depending on the size of the seedling and its roots. Usually 60 cm is enough by 60 cm or a little more.

At the bottom of the pit, garden soil mixed with humus is poured. Place the seedling at the bottom of the pit, cover the roots with soil. They compact the earth around the stem, water and mulch. In the future, the young bush needs to be watered regularly, and the soil should be loosened and mulched. In the following years, the plant needs additional feeding.

They can be carried out with diluted slurry. In the spring and fall, thinning and sanitary pruning is needed.

In all other respects, Nevezhinskaya is an unpretentious plant, with high frost resistance. She can be a long-liver in the garden. The disadvantage of nevezhin mountain ash is that birds are very fond of their fruits. Perhaps, to preserve the harvest, during the ripening period, you will need to drive away the birds manually or use a special device - a repeller.

Rowan application

Growing nevezhinskaya mountain ash on the site, do not forget about its useful and medicinal properties. First of all, mountain ash is a source of vitamin C. Moreover, there is a little more of it in mountain ash leaves than in fruits. They also contain carotenoids, organic acids. Organic food colors are obtained from rowan berries.

Decoctions and tea made from dried rowan berries are excellent vitamin drinks. They are recommended for vitamin C deficiency and scurvy. In terms of provitamin A content, rowan fruits are richer than green onions and are equivalent to fruits. By the amount of iron, apples are three times higher. You can drink juice or decoctions from rowan fruits when:

• high blood pressure
• dysentery
• diabetes
• metabolic disorders

A good result can be obtained by using a decoction of berries to relieve swelling and stop bleeding. In cooking, the fruits of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash are used to make marshmallows, jam, and pie fillings.

Nevezhinskaya mountain ash is a tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. It grows everywhere. It is a kind of common mountain ash, but it is distinguished by sweet fruits without characteristic bitterness. Discovered in the last century in the forest, near the village of Nevezhino in the Vladimir province, and transferred to home gardens, where they began to propagate it by layering, grafting, seeds (hence the large number of its varieties). There are also known varieties of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash: Kubovaya, Red, Yellow.

The tree is large (5 - 6 m high) with a wide-round crown. Leaves are odd-pinnate, with slight pubescence, the edges of the leaves are half-even, then finely toothed. It begins to bear fruit five to seven years after planting; it gives especially bountiful harvests by the age of 35 to 45. However, at the age of 15 - 20 years, the trees reach a high capacity, and harvesting becomes difficult. It can also be grown in a bush-like form, for which a one-year-old is cut off above the third (counting from the root collar) of a well-developed bud and then formed in the form of a three-stemmed bush.

The tree is unpretentious, frost and winter hardy. The roots are able to withstand freezing of the soil by 40 cm to -14 ° C. Yields good from year to year, especially with good care. For example, it is possible to collect up to 100 kg of berries from a 35-year-old tree.

Rowan nevezhinskaya is demanding on lighting and is completely uncaptious in relation to heat. With a lack of sunlight (if the plantings are thickened), the branches in the crown die off. In this case, clusters of berries can form only along the periphery of the crown. If the tree is illuminated enough, then the pyramidal crown at a young age is transformed over the years into a rounded one, capable of forming a large harvest. This should not be forgotten when landing. Nevezhinskaya mountain ash can grow on any soil, but medium loam is preferable. The optimal time for planting is spring, before the buds swell, or autumn, a month before frost. In many areas, these trees are planted at the edges, then they protect other plantings from bad weather.

The frequency of fruiting is noted. The variety of forms especially affects the morphological characteristics of the fruit. So, in the Kubovaya variety, they are orange-red, sweet and sour; in the variety Yellow - orange-yellow; the Red variety is somewhat larger, bright red, sweeter. The fruits are suitable for processing.

The fruits of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash contain sugar - from 8 to 10.5%, malic acid - 1.5-2.5%, pectin - from 0.3 to 0.6% and up to 0.3% tannins. The fruits of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash contain up to 150 mg of vitamin C and 10-12 mg% carotene. In terms of vitamin content, it can be compared with lemon and black currant.

Rowan has phytoncidal properties. It is noticed that potatoes planted next to rowan are not affected by late blight.

The varieties Vefed and Angri originated from Nevezhinskaya mountain ash.

The fruits are good both fresh and dried. From the fruits, you can make excellent compotes, jams, jam, assorted fruits, marinades.

Who has not known the original taste of rowan berries in their lifetime? Everyone at least once, yes, tasted these small scarlet fruits, which after the first frosts become sweeter and decorate an elegant tree with their tassels all winter. "Nevezhinskaya" is one of the most famous varieties of mountain ash, and even those who do not know its name have seen the trees themselves many times in their lives. Meanwhile, this plant has one significant advantage - there is no bitterness in its berries, they are sweeter than that of the mountain ash that grows in the forest. But this is not the only advantage of the variety.

Description of the variety

Rowan Nevezhinskaya was named so thanks to the village of Nevezhino in the Vladimir region. It has been grown there as a garden culture for over a hundred years. In fact, this is a clone of common mountain ash, created exclusively through the efforts of Mother Nature. Given the unpretentiousness of the plant, it is easy to understand why it is so common in our country. For unknown reasons, mountain ash got its second name - Nezhinskaya, which can also be found in everyday life of many gardeners. However, the original name should still be applied.

The Nevezhinskaya rowan tree can grow up to 10 meters in height, and its crown, when properly trimmed, takes a pyramidal shape

The tree can grow up to ten meters. The shape of the crown depends on the lighting conditions. So, in the shade, it can take the shape of a pyramid, however, having received the necessary light in the right amount, it is transformed into a spherical one. At the same time, fruits that previously grew only on the periphery will appear in the depths of the crown itself. The color of the bark is different from the usual gray-brown - it is darker and more brown. The tree lives for 30 years or more (there are also hundred-year-old rowan trees).

The berries of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash are larger than those of ordinary ones, collected in large clusters

The leaves are large, pinnate. The flowers are inconspicuous and are collected in scute inflorescences that reach 10 cm in diameter and exude a strong and rather unusual aroma. Rowan fruits are spherical, apple-shaped, bright red or with an orange tint. Each of them can reach up to one and a half centimeters in diameter. Rowan blooms in late May - early June, and the harvest is harvested in September - October.

The flowering of rowan Nevezhinskaya occurs at the end of May - beginning of June.

It should be noted that Nevezhinskaya is, rather, a collective name, since as a result of folk selection, such varieties as Nevezhinskaya kubovaya, Nevezhinskaya yellow and Nevezhinskaya krasnaya were born.

1. Nevezhinskaya kubovaya is the most common variety of the whole trinity. Fruits are red with orange tint, pentahedral, elongated. The taste of the pulp is sweet with a slight sourness, very pleasant. Seeds are small, light brown.
2. Nevezhinskaya yellow is not so common. With large, round and ribbed yellow-orange fruits. The pulp is inferior in juiciness to Kubova.
3. Nevezhinskaya red - has large bright red berries. Of the three, the pulp is the sweetest.

It should be noted that the size and weight of the berries are almost the same for all three varieties. The largest fruits are from Nevezhinskaya red.

In terms of their beneficial properties, rowan berries are simply unique - they are a real storehouse of vitamins and microelements.

Rowan berries are just a storehouse of healthy trace elements and vitamins.

Table: composition and energy value of red rowan berries

Fiber and pectin are substances that allow you to remove various toxic substances and even radionuclides from the body. The bark and leaves of the tree contain phytoncide. That is why rowan is a good neighbor for potatoes, protecting it from late blight. It is no secret that the stored potato crop is sprinkled with rowan leaves. But it is quite surprising that freshly cut branches placed in a jug of swamp water, after 2 - 3 hours, make it usable.

Photo gallery of varieties of rowan varieties Nevezhinskaya

Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya kubovaya Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya yellow Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya red

Advantages and disadvantages

It seems that it makes no sense to once again mention the content of useful trace elements in rowan berries. It remains to be noted that tinctures and decoctions are made on them, jams are prepared, dried for the winter and simply consumed fresh. In addition, rowan fruits are used as a prophylactic agent and for the treatment of vitamin deficiency, hypertension, anemia, exhaustion and atherosclerosis. Rowan jam is used for colds, lung diseases and rheumatism, as well as constipation.

The yield from one tree of the mountain ash "Nevezhinskaya" averages 35 kg, but this is far from the limit

The unpretentiousness of the mountain ash, or rather, the unique frost resistance allows it to easily settle even in those regions where many fruit and berry plants are inaccessible. The aboveground part is able to withstand frosts down to -50 degrees, and the roots survive freezing of the soil at a depth of 40 cm to a temperature of -14 degrees. Flowers are not afraid of frosts down to - 2.5 degrees, so the likelihood of a bountiful harvest during recurrent cold weather increases.

Rowan is very decorative during flowering, when covered with white fragrant caps that attract pollinating insects

The early ripening of mountain ash is good: the first harvest can be obtained already in the fourth year of the tree's life. Add to this the annual fruiting in combination with high yields - it is quite possible to collect up to 40 kg from one plant. There are cases when up to 100 kg were collected from a tree over the age of 35. Of course, without proper care, it will be more difficult to count on such indicators.

The decorative qualities of mountain ash are beyond doubt, and landscape designers often use it in their works.

It is difficult to find the disadvantages of rowan Nevezhinskaya. Is that her vulnerability to shaded places - there she slows down in development and does not bring crops. But this flaw can be easily corrected by simply planting a tree in a well-lit place.

Self-fertility can be noted - with self-pollination, the mountain ash will not tie the fruit, so plant other varieties nearby (Kubovaya, Yellow and Red). The ideal is the presence of 3-4 trees on the site (this will significantly increase the yield), but if it is small, it is possible to plant several varieties in the crown of one tree.

Plant rowan in an open, sunny place - the Nevezhinskaya variety is very photophilous, and at the same time it will shade other plantings and close them from cold winds

Planting and breeding

It is best to plant rowan trees on the northern or eastern sides of the site to shelter more thermophilic plants from cold winds. The mountain ash itself, with all its frost resistance, easily tolerates drafts. However, it should not obscure other landings.

Rowan is undemanding to soil types, but light to medium loams are best suited for it. A distance of 4 - 5 meters is maintained between trees.

Planting is carried out in the fall during a massive leaf fall or in the spring - before the buds swell. In the second case, the planting pit has been prepared since the fall. It should be 100 cm in diameter and 70 cm deep. Before planting, a nutrient mixture is laid on the bottom of the pit, consisting of 500 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potassium salt and 10 - 12 kg of humus, with which the roots are poured. You can add 400 g of ash. The root collar of the seedling can be deepened by 5 cm, while the tree will not be damaged - this is how the mountain ash differs from many fruit and berry plants. After planting, the tree is watered abundantly and the tree trunk circle is mulched with humus or peat.

The mountain ash planted on the site repels many pests and diseases, therefore potatoes are often planted next to it in order to avoid phytophthora

Rowan propagation is possible by grafting or budding.

1. Rowan is used as a stock. The best time for budding is July and early August. They take a sleeping eye for her.
2. The grafting is carried out in the second half of July, because it is at this time that it is easy to separate the bark on the rootstock, and the buds of the scion are already well developed and ripe.

Budding is one of the ways of mountain ash propagation

You can also use grafting for the bark - before the start of sap flow, as well as lateral grafting of the cutting when cutting into the wood. To do this, take a seedling at the age of two to three years with a stem 8-10 cm in diameter, planted in a permanent place. In this case, the vaccination is carried out the next year.

Plant care

The mountain ash will grow and develop correctly with systematic feeding, pruning, tillage and the fight against diseases and pests.

Watering and loosening

The land next to the trees must be kept clean of weeds and periodically loosened. In order for mountain ash to grow better in adulthood, after planting for two to three years, it must be dug around the perimeter of a trunk circle with a diameter of 3 meters. Digging depth - two shovel bayonets.

Remember, your task is not to damage the roots, but to feed them. During this process, compost or any other plant debris is added to the ground. In the first two years, it is advisable to grow onions, lettuce, dill or garlic in this place, and then perennial herbaceous plants. So there will be sodding of the area adjacent to the mountain ash. Subsequently, when its roots penetrate into this zone, the earth will already be supplied with all the necessary nutrients, and besides, it will be easy for water and air to pass through.

The first loosening of the soil is carried out in early spring, and after it another 4 - 5 times during the season. Be sure to do this immediately after harvesting, and then mulch with peat or compost.

Rowan is undemanding to moisture, but it also does not tolerate drought - the number of fruits decreases, and their quality deteriorates. To avoid this, during the dry season, be sure to water the tree at the beginning of the growing season, two to three weeks before harvest, and the same time after harvest. One plant takes 2 - 3 buckets, water is poured into a groove, which is dug around the trunk. The drier the land and the older the tree, the more water goes to it.

Rowan hibernates in winter without shelter due to its amazing frost resistance

The mountain ash overwinters in the middle zone of the country perfectly, without requiring shelter. Generative buds, like the vegetative buds of mountain ash, have less frost resistance, but return frosts are easily tolerated.

Top dressing and fertilization

Systematic feeding allows you to get a larger yield. In the spring of each year, humus (5 - 8 kg) and ammonium nitrate (50 g) are introduced into the trunk circle for digging. Also, every year at the beginning of summer, a solution of fresh mullein is poured, diluted in 10 liters of water in a ratio of 1: 5. You can replace it with bird droppings, but the 1:10 ratio will already apply to it. At the end of summer, half a liter of wood ash and 100 g of superphosphate are also added every season. This is done after harvesting.

Pruning

Pruning can be done 4 to 5 years after planting. During all this time, the tree is not touched at all, and it manages to form an arbitrary crown instead of a pyramidal one. At this moment, they begin to form it.

We take the central conductor to the side branch, and cut out the shoots at the age of two to three years. We remove the semi-skeletal branch on the ring, shorten the annual shoots by a third, so that the new ones begin to grow quickly.

Rowan pruning in the third year after planting

In May, the skeletal branches will need to be bent to the ground with the help of stretch marks. We tie a string to the middle of the branch, having previously placed a piece of some matter under it, and fix the other end on a peg. It is important to tie exactly the middle of the branches, and not their tops, otherwise tops will begin to grow on the folds, which you will need to get rid of. We hold the tree in this position until autumn, after which we untie all the ropes.

New growths are cut in spring, as well as upward-directed shoots on the central conductor, as well as vertical tops - all this allows you to restrain the growth of mountain ash. In the future, you will need to remove the branches growing under each other, as well as inside the crown, thickening it. In autumn, preventive sanitary pruning is carried out, the purpose of which is to remove damaged and dry branches.

Pest control

Among the pests of mountain ash, it is worth noting:

• mountain ash moth,
• red-winged hawthorn elephant,
• mountain ash mite.

The rowan moth damages the berries by making small passages in them, which makes the fruits begin to taste bitter, becoming covered with dark spots. As a preventive measure, they dig up the soil under the trees (but shallowly and carefully, trying not to damage the high-lying roots of the mountain ash), the fallen leaves, in which there may be cocoons, are collected and burned, and the bark is cleaned of lichens and various growths.

Against the mountain ash moth, the remedies used when the apple moth appears. This is a decoction of tansy (300 g of plants per 10 liters of water - infused before fermentation and diluted with water twice), which is used first after flowering, and then another 3-4 times with an interval of 5-6 days. Also a good drug is entobacterin (50 - 100 g per 10 liters of water - enough for one hundred square meters), which is especially successfully used at an air temperature of 20 - 25 degrees and above. The first spraying is done a week after flowering, the second and third with a difference of 15 days.

Rowan moth spoils the berries by making small passages in them

The red-winged hawthorn elephant, which gnaws the stalks, may be to blame for the drying out of the fruit. In the fight against it, in the fall, they loosen the soil around the mountain ash, and also treat it with the preparations Decis (1 g per 10 l) and Fufanon (10 ml per 10 l - 2 - 5 liters per tree, depending on age).

The female hawthorn elephant gnaws the stalks, as a result of which the berries begin to dry

Rowan gall mite especially often annoys mountain ash, destroying flower buds and reducing yields. In order to cope with it, the fallen leaves are raked and destroyed, and in the period between the appearance of leaves and flowering, they are treated with colloidal sulfur (100 g per 10 l).

Rowan gall mite eats flower buds and damages future crops

Periodic cases of attacks by green apple and rowan aphids can also be noted, which suck vital juices from trees. It can be found by curled and drying leaves at the ends of young shoots. At the first appearance of the pest, one of the insecticides of choice is used - Decis (1 g per 10 l), Actellik (2 ml per 2 l - 1.5 l of solution is used per 10 sq. M.) Or Karate (5 ml per 10 l) ...

Diseases

Among the diseases on mountain ash are:

• rust,
• leaf spot,
• moniliosis,
• powdery mildew,
• anthracnose.

Rust is the most frequent visitor to mountain ash and causes significant harm to the tree. It damages the leaves and appears as yellow-orange spots on the outside of the leaf. Rust especially often visits rowan in those areas where juniper grows, which serves as a place for one of the intermediate stages of the development of the disease.

To cope with it, the mountain ash must be isolated from the planting of juniper (if, of course, there is one), cut out the affected branches and spray with 1% Bordeaux liquid (100 g of copper sulfate, 150 g of lime per 10 l of water) 2 - 3 times throughout the season. The procedure begins at the end of May, and the subsequent ones are carried out with an interval of 20 - 25 days.

Rust is a common disease of mountain ash, especially if a juniper grows nearby.

Leaf spots are caused by different fungi, so the signs of leaf spot may vary. These can be small brown or ash-gray spots with a dark border (with phyllostictosis). Regardless of the type of spotting, old leaves are collected and destroyed, and the tree is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid.

The different types of spotting are caused by fungi that are removed with Bordeaux liquid

Moniliosis or fruit rot is especially dangerous during prolonged rainy periods with low temperatures. Moniliosis is especially noticeable when the leaves, along with the shoots, turn brown-brown and dry out, looking as if burnt. Fruit rot causes the berries to rot right on the tree, covering them in multiple whitish-creamy clumps. If the weather is dry, the development of the disease is suspended, but only until the next rains. In the process of combating the disease, the drug Hom is used (40 g per 10 l). Treatment with the same 1% Bordeaux liquid also helps.

Leaves and young shoots can be affected by powdery mildew, which initially looks like a white bloom, and then coarsens and turns into dark spots. Warm and humid weather only intensifies the spread of the disease. In order to prevent the spread of the disease, the fallen leaves are collected and burned, and during the growing season, dusting is carried out with a mixture of ground sulfur and lime in a ratio of 2: 1. One square meter takes 0.3 g of the mixture.

Anthracnose on mountain ash is also not uncommon. Because of it, brown-black spots appear on the berries, on which pads with fungal spores are noted. In this case, the affected berries must be immediately removed and burned, and the tree must be treated with the priceless 1% Bordeaux liquid (in fact, this is a universal solution for any fungal diseases).

Anthracnose can lead not only to the death of the crop, but also the entire tree.

Harvesting

In early September, the berries begin to ripen, they can be eaten fresh and frozen for the winter. Due to its density, the crop retains its best taste for a long time. Suffice it to say that without freezing and generally placing in a refrigerator, the shelf life will be about two months. At the same time, neither microbes nor bacteria will be able to settle on the berries. But if you decide to create a stock for a longer period, the collected fruits will have to be frozen. To do this, they are washed, allowed to dry and laid out in plastic bags, after which they are tightly closed and placed in the freezer. Rowan is stored frozen for two years. It is also possible to dry or even wilt the berries - this is an excellent and healthy delicacy that will also be stored for a long time.

A pastille with a unique taste is made from rowan berries.

From freshly picked berries, they make infusions and decoctions, squeeze juice, prepare fruit drinks, syrups and compotes, sugar and even make a marshmallow, which has an original taste.

If for some reason you picked berries after the first frost, try to use them as quickly as possible, since a crop touched by frost loses its ability to last for a long time.

Forest rowan is an extremely useful plant... Both the honey plant and its wood are beautiful, and feeds the birds in winter, and is also good-looking.

One problem: although its fruits are medicinal, they are bitter... Therefore, they are considered of little value. But this is if you take the wild, the mountain ash.

Varietal is a completely different matter... About her and speech.

Our common, ubiquitous red rowan belongs to the large botanical genus Sorbus... In turn, almost all modern cultivars trace their ancestry from this plant.

Rather, from two of its varieties-varieties: Moravian (Central Europe) and Nevezhin (Eastern Europe).

Moravian mountain ash discovered in Bohemia in the 19th century and named after the region where it was found - Moravia. Its sweet fruits, 1 cm in diameter, made this variety interesting for breeders.

From it came, for example, the varieties Edulis, Bissneri and Concentra.

Almost all modern cultivated varieties have their ancestry from two varieties-varieties of mountain ash - Moravian and Nevezhinsky.

Nevezhinsky clone was also found by accident - in a forest near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir region. Sweet, completely without bitterness, the fruits conquered the local peasants, who quickly realized to plant this mountain ash and sell seedlings to neighbors.

And this also happened in the 19th century. So almost at the same time, in both ends of Europe, nature gave a person a sweet mountain ash instead of a bitter one.

Sometimes nevezhinskaya mountain ash is called "nezhinskaya"... Everyone was confused by the wine merchant Fyodor Smirnov, who in the old days traded in tincture on its fruits. Not wanting to reveal the secrets of the recipe to competitors, he deliberately threw out one syllable and named his product "Nezhinskaya".

Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin was very interested in breeding high-quality mountain ash. Many of the varieties he created today have either been lost, or have become dusty and have lost their original characteristics, or are stored only in scientific collections. But those that have survived often become the basis for modern breeding work.

From a strictly scientific point of view, it is incorrect to call rowan fruits "berries". It is correct to say "apple". Fruits of the same type are formed by quince, apple and pear.

Titanium

This variety is one of the surviving Michurin creations.... It was created by a complex crossing of rowan, pear and red-leaved apple.

Its characteristics:

1. Medium-sized tree (up to 5 meters) with a sparse rounded crown. Shoots are straight, the color of the bark is dull brown.
2. Leaves are glossy, dark green.
3. Inflorescences are scutes of medium diameter, the color of the petals is white.
4. Fruits are slightly ribbed, rounded, weighing 1.2 grams. The skin is dark red, waxy. The pulp is yellow, sweet and sour, tart. The use is universal.

The Titan variety is frost- and drought-resistant, not affected by diseases.

Bead

Variety created Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Tatiana Kirillovna Poplavskaya... Fanatically devoted to science, in the 70s of the XX century she was actively engaged in the search and restoration of the lost Michurin rowan varieties.

The bead is one of the first varieties that do not have a tinge of astringency. It is a product of free pollination of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash.

Characteristics and description of the variety:

1. A plant of moderate growth, 3 meters high. Shoots are gray-brown, straight. Begins to bear fruit, according to various sources, at 3 or 5 years of age.
2. Leaves are light green, serrated.
3. The inflorescences are large, with white flowers.
4. Fruits are regular, rounded, with a red skin, weighing 1.2-1.9 grams. The pulp is creamy, with a hint of cranberry flavor, but no strong acid. The appointment is universal. Ripen early, by the end of August.

Particularly valuable qualities of the variety- high resistance to extreme frosts, drought, diseases. The yield is high.

Likernaya Michurina

One of the Michurin varieties, lost and restored. It has a lot in common with one of its "parents" - chokeberry.

Characteristics of the rowan garden variety:

1. Medium-sized plant, about 5 meters, with a sparse oval crown. Sometimes found in shrub form. Gives strong annual growth (up to 30 cm).
2. Leaves are dark green, alternate, pinnate.
3. Beautiful dense inflorescences with a shield diameter of 10 cm. The color of the petals is white-pink.
4. Fruits are dark purple, almost black, weighing 1 g, ripen in September, stored for a month. The taste is reminiscent of black chokeberry - sweet, slightly astringent. Purpose - for making liqueur-type wines, jams.

Advantages of the variety: high winter hardiness and moderate drought resistance. Flaw: Fruit may rot.

Ruby

The Michurin variety was also lost, but found, multiplied and transferred for variety testing to T.K. Poplavskaya. Like all old Michurin forms, this type of mountain ash has a slight astringency in taste.

Its characteristics:

1. A low tree, 3 meters high, with a drooping crown. Skeletal branches are located almost at right angles, shoots are straight, with light brown integuments.
2. The leaves are light green, with a finely serrated edge and a pubescent petiole.
3. Scutellum not wide, flowers small, pinkish-white.
4. Fruits are rounded-flattened, weighing 1.3 g. The skin is ruby-colored, the flesh is yellow. The taste is sweet and sour, slightly tart. The purpose of the fruit is for processing into juices, jellies, wines, liqueurs, jelly. Suitable for drying.

The plant is resistant to low temperatures.

Rubinovaya rowan fruits can replace raisins after drying. To do this, you need to place them in a gauze bag and hang them for a while by the battery.

Scarlet large

Variety bred by the Central Genetic Laboratory. Michurin (today the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants). An interesting, very effective plant, with really large fruits for a red-fruited mountain ash.

Variety characteristics:

1. The height of the tree is 5 meters. Crohn of medium density, wide pyramidal shape. Poorly pubescent straight shoots with gray-brown bark and many large lentils.
2. Leaves are dark green, with broad lanceolate plates, shiny.
3. Wide scutes with a large number of flowers.
4. Fruits from 1.7 to 2.5 grams, slightly ribbed, juicy. Scarlet skin, spicy taste, somewhat sour than other varieties, without bitterness. The appointment is dining and technical.

The variety is able to withstand extreme frosts down to -50⁰С. Resistant to diseases and pests.

White, yellow and orange decorative varieties

In addition to the usual red and black-fruited mountain ash, the efforts of breeders varieties with yellow, orange and even white fruits were bred that can decorate any garden.

For example, grade Yellow with slender, flexible branches that bend to the ground with a bountiful harvest. From its fruits, rowan kvass, original fillings for pies and jams are obtained.

Of orange-fruited, it is very decorative grade Ogonyok- one of the most heat-resistant and drought-resistant. As it ripens, it changes the color of apples from yellow to fiery orange.

Rowan Daughter Kubova - new variety, bred by spontaneous hybridization of Nevezhinskaya Kubova. The fruits of this tree also have a bright orange color in the ripeness phase, and their taste is juicy, bright, sour-sweet, without a hint of bitterness or astringency.

Kubovaya itself also has orange fruits, but the yield is not so high. Cubic is a derived form from the nevezhin mountain ash, created through folk selection. Its apples are slightly elongated, pentahedral, with a very pleasant taste.

But white-fruited mountain ash, unfortunately, is not suitable for food. For example, the varieties Kene or White Swan have very bitter fruits... However, their compactness and high decorativeness makes it possible to create an interesting play of colors among other rowan trees.

By combining in plantings, for example, high Scarlet, large, delicate Yellow and miniature White Swan, you can get a combination of benefits and beauty.

All varietal rowan berries are self-sterile. To get a high-quality harvest from them, you need to plant several different varieties next to each other or plant them in the crown of one tree.