Installation, operation and repair of refrigeration units. General requirements and tasks for the operation of refrigeration units. One-time service of refrigeration equipment

Machines and apparatus of refrigeration units are placed so as to ensure their normal maintenance and repair.

Maintenance of a refrigeration unit consists in preparing it for operation, starting it up, regulating the supply of refrigerant to the evaporative system, taking care of the refrigerating unit during operation, stopping and shutting down machines and devices, observing safety rules, keeping machines and working rooms clean and in good working order, and also filling in the necessary reporting documentation.

Joining shift personnel on duty begins with checking the records in the operating log of the refrigeration station, and ends with monitoring the temperatures at the main points of the refrigeration cycle and checking the operation of the refrigeration station equipment.

Both shifts - handing over and receiving - sign on the delivery and acceptance of the shift in the journal.

The attendants periodically check the amount and density of the brine, the supply of water to the condensers, the serviceability of the emergency ventilation, the availability of necessary spare parts, materials and tools, and personal protective equipment. Particular attention should be paid to checking the condition of the rubbing parts of the compressors and pumps, the operation of the oil system, valves and oil seals.

For the convenience of the service personnel, viewing lights or other devices are installed on the cooling water pipelines to monitor the water flow.

In various places of the refrigeration plant, nests are also arranged for devices required both for constant monitoring of the operation of the installation and for periodic tests. Manometers, thermometers, ammeters and other measuring instruments are installed so that when starting the installation they are in the field of view of the driver and his assistant.

Automatic control valves are usually duplicated by manual ones. This allows you to continue to generate cold in the event of failure of some of the automatic control devices.

Medium and large refrigeration units are mainly operated with a manual start system. Their technical operation is quite complicated and requires from the service personnel in-depth knowledge of the physical foundations of obtaining cold, the design of machines, apparatus, devices, fittings and the rules for handling them.

To facilitate the work of personnel in the engine rooms of refrigeration stations, piping diagrams, equipment layout plans, information on the main parameters of refrigeration units, consumption rates of refrigerant, oil, electricity, safety posters, and preventive inspection and repair schedules are posted.

In order to orient the maintenance personnel in the branched pipelines, they are painted in conventional colors. The most commonly used colors are:
for refrigerant pipelines: discharge - red, liquid - yellow, suction - blue;
for brine pipelines: pressure - green, return - brown;
for water pipelines: pressure - blue, return - purple.

If there are several cold parameters, conditional rings are also applied to the painted pipelines, showing which machine this pipeline belongs to.

Efficient and reliable operation of any refrigeration unit depends not only on the good technical condition of the equipment, but also on its competent operation. Operators, their assistants, apparatchiks, locksmiths and electricians on duty, subordinate to the shift supervisor of the refrigeration station, are directly monitoring the operation of the equipment.

Their main task is to maintain the specified operating parameters of refrigeration machines with the lowest energy and operating materials consumption and strict adherence to safety regulations.

To successfully complete the tasks facing the operating personnel, it is necessary:
high quality and serviceability of equipment;
provision of control and measuring devices;
availability of spare parts, tools and repair devices;
availability of refrigerant, coolant, water, lubricating oils, instrumentation air, operating materials and energy resources;
correct filling of systems with refrigerant and refrigerant; no contamination on heat transfer surfaces; timely prevention and repairs; maintenance of a shift journal with the identification of violations of the operating mode;
high qualification of service personnel.

The operation of refrigeration units is regulated by special instructions. Failure to comply with them can lead to disruption of the technological process among consumers of cold and an increase in energy consumption for obtaining cold.

The sequence of individual operations during start-up and shutdown and the maintenance procedure depend on the design and operational features of the refrigeration unit, which must be reflected in the service manual.

This chapter discusses the basic rules and techniques for the operation of the most common types of large refrigeration units, which in each individual case should be specified in accordance with the start-up instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Having studied these techniques, the future driver or operator will be able to master the procedure for starting, regulating and stopping refrigeration units of any systems.

Persons who have reached the age of eighteen, have passed a medical examination and have a certificate of completion of training in their chosen specialty are allowed to operate industrial refrigeration units.

The maintenance personnel must know well and strictly follow the rules and instructions for the operation and repair of equipment and instruments of refrigeration stations. The machine rooms of refrigeration stations are the workplace of the driver and his assistant. Pumping and equipment departments are serviced by apparatchiks subordinate to the driver and coordinating all their actions with him.

The personnel of refrigeration stations annually pass exams of the qualification commission. The results of the examinations are recorded in a protocol. Individuals who have passed these exams are issued special certificates.

Control questions
1. What tasks are set for the operating personnel of refrigeration units?

2. List the conditions necessary for the successful operation of the refrigeration unit.

3. Tell us how the system is filled with ammonia and freon?

4. How is the brine prepared?

5. Tell us about the preparation for the start-up of the refrigeration unit.

6. How do you start a refrigeration plant with reciprocating compressors and turbochargers?

7. List the signs of normal operation of the reciprocating compressor.

8. Tell us about compressor lubrication.

9. How is the operation of a compression refrigeration unit regulated?

10. What temperature differences should accompany the normal operation of an ammonia refrigeration unit?

11. Tell us about the order of stopping the compression refrigeration unit.

12. What do you know about the maintenance procedure for evaporators and condensers?

13. What causes the deterioration in heat transfer in the evaporator and condensers?

14. Tell us about the preparations for the start-up of freon turbine units.

15. What are the characteristics of the normal operation of a turbo-refrigeration freon unit?

16. Tell us about the peculiarities of propylene turbine units operation.

17. How do you fill absorption refrigeration machines with ammonia water solution?

18. Tell us about starting and stopping an absorption chiller.

19. Tell us about the operation of centrifugal pumps.

20. What causes corrosion in refrigeration equipment?
21. How does the tread protection work?

At the end of the course, a qualification exam is held. After successfully passing the exam, a CERTIFICATE of the established sample is issued.

Training taking into account the requirements of the professional standard

The term "refrigeration equipment" includes a huge amount of technology. These are household refrigerators and industrial refrigeration systems, retail counters and huge warehouses, many special machines and much more. Most of the mechanics of refrigeration equipment are engaged in the installation, assembly, maintenance and repair of refrigeration equipment at trade enterprises, in the food industry, in warehouses.

The training program includes: study of the basics of obtaining artificial cold; equipment and parts of refrigeration systems; the principle of the refrigeration machine; fundamentals of electrical installation; repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems; troubleshooting; typical malfunctions; repair and maintenance of air conditioners, chillers, central refrigeration systems and multi-zone systems.

The aim of the course is to acquire students of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in organizing and conducting repair processes for industrial and domestic air conditioners.

Timetable of classes

In order for your refrigeration equipment to work reliably and serve for a long time, we recommend following a few simple tips when operating it:

Any refrigeration machine should cool appropriately... For this, special slots (nets) are provided in the housing of the refrigeration equipment, which in no case can be blocked - otherwise the air access to the refrigeration unit stops, the refrigeration machine overheats, which can lead to its failure.

Observance of the proper temperature regime is of great importance for maintaining the performance of your equipment: operating the refrigeration machine in a room with elevated temperature air can cause the protection devices of the motor-compressor to operate or to premature failure of the motor-compressor. Try to locate the chiller in a place with good ventilation, or provide forced cooling of the room in which the chiller is used.

At the same time, the operation of the refrigeration machine in a room with low temperature air can lead to a decrease in pressure in the refrigeration system to an unacceptable one and, as a result, to premature failure of the motor-compressor.

The presence in the air of the room where the refrigeration machine is operated, oil vapors provokes rapid pollution of the refrigeration unit. Preventive cleaning of the condensers of refrigeration machines operating in such conditions should be carried out at least twice as often.

Here are the basic rules adopted for the operation of refrigerators and freezers:

1. It is necessary to stack the goods correctly: products should not obstruct the air cooler;

2. It is preferable to store hermetically sealed products (especially fish) in the refrigerator. Poorly packaged products release an excessive amount of moisture, and a snow "coat" very quickly forms on the air cooler of the refrigerating chamber;

3. It is necessary to regularly defrost the refrigerating chamber and disinfect it in accordance with the operating instructions;

4. Do not overload the refrigerating chamber with food, fill it to capacity, filling the entire volume. Do not allow food to come into contact with the refrigerator compartment panels. There must be a distance between the rows of stacked products to ensure free air circulation inside the refrigerating chamber;

5. It is necessary to operate the refrigerating chamber only in accordance with the temperature conditions of storage of a particular group of goods, it is impossible to store fresh meat with a temperature of +2? C in a refrigerating chamber with a temperature regime of -18? C and use the refrigerating chamber to freeze products. If it is necessary to freeze or refrigerate products in storage rooms, the company that sells refrigeration equipment must be notified in order to avoid further problems with the implementation of the warranty (does not apply to equipment that is not used for its intended purpose).

entrust the installation, start-up and operation of the unit to random persons;

start and operate the unit with faulty or incomplete electrical equipment, without a fan assembly, without grounding or with unreliable grounding, with open live parts;

switch on, even for a short time, the unit with a closed discharge valve, if any. To avoid compressor breakdown, the discharge valve must be fully open before starting the unit;

operate the unit with a refrigerant leak (permissible leakage 0.5 g / year), such unit must be turned off immediately. Smoking and working with open fire are not allowed near the unit with a freon leak;

Regular maintenance is an indispensable condition for the durability of refrigeration equipment in various areas of production and public service.

The Ecolife company provides professional maintenance of refrigeration equipment in Moscow and the Moscow region. We will ensure the stable operation of your equipment and, as a result, of the entire enterprise.
You will be guaranteed against a sudden stop of refrigeration equipment due to a mode failure, malfunctions, wear of parts, clogging and contamination of units.

The list of works on servicing refrigeration equipment depends on the specific type of equipment, features of operation and design.

Cost of work

The cost is calculated individually, depending on the form of cooperation. General prices are available upon request.

We work throughout Moscow and Moscow region with a visit to the equipment. The guarantee of our work is the use of high-quality components and tools and the professionalism of our employees at an affordable cost. In our work we use low-aggressive detergents "Frionett" and "Convotherm", permitted in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Refrigeration equipment service contract

We conclude a contract with customers for the maintenance of refrigeration equipment, in a special appendix of which a list of works with all measures to maintain equipment in working order is prescribed.
Each item on the list is agreed with the client, the type of contract depends on the long-term cooperation, the type and complexity of the equipment.

We offer three standard contracts:
1. One-time service agreement
2. Permanent service agreement
3. Scheduled maintenance contract (annual maintenance with a schedule of events)

One-time service of refrigeration equipment

Includes diagnostics, troubleshooting and prevention for the further functioning of the equipment.
First, a preliminary visit of specialists to the site, drawing up an estimate with a list of works and agreeing on a deadline.
Payment is made for the activities carried out within the framework of the contract after the signing of the acts.

Typical list of works for one-time maintenance:

1. Inspection and visual assessment of the external condition, equipment and functionality
2. Checking and adjusting hinges and locks
3. Cleaning the frame, compressor, air condenser
4. Broaching threaded connections
5. Check for refrigerant leaks,
6. Checking the thermal insulation of the refrigeration circuit
7. Checking electrical networks, contacts and connections
8. Elimination of existing faults, refueling of the circuit and replacement of worn parts, if necessary
9. Testing operating modes
10. Logging data

At the end of the work, an employee of the company makes recommendations for the further operation of the equipment.
In the course of work, the list of services can be adjusted in case of malfunctions during the inspection process.

Continuous maintenance of refrigeration equipment

A permanent cooperation agreement is concluded for an agreed period, during which our specialists undertake all work to maintain the condition of equipment at fixed rates. The exact work schedule is not established, all activities are carried out as needed or at the request of the client. Payment is made upon completion of the work every time after the delivery of the work.

Scheduled annual maintenance of refrigeration equipment

Scheduled annual maintenance includes a set of regular measures according to the established schedule. As agreed with the customer, specialists are scheduled to visit the place of work, assess the state of the equipment and take all the necessary measures for further operation in the required mode.
Regular maintenance will help you identify serious problems in time and take preventive measures to eliminate them. Timely inspection can prevent sudden equipment breakdown and shutdown. All work is carried out strictly according to the planned schedule, which includes the payment schedule.

Regulations for scheduled maintenance of refrigeration machines

Additional service

Each client with whom we have entered into a contract is provided with additional services, including free consultations and recommendations on the operation of refrigeration equipment. Also, our clients receive a discount on spare parts and components for refrigeration equipment.

To get detailed information and leave a request for individual service, you can call us by phone or fill out the form on the website. Our experts will contact you as soon as possible and provide detailed advice on issues of interest.

The purpose of the technical operation of the refrigeration unit is to establish and maintain the specified temperature and humidity conditions in the refrigerated rooms. The main task is to ensure reliable, trouble-free and safe operation of all refrigeration equipment with minimal costs for the production of artificial cold.

The correct organization of the technical operation of the refrigeration unit must meet the requirements:

reliability and durability of the operated refrigeration equipment;

safety and trouble-free operation.

Cold production costs associated with saving electricity, labor, water, and consumables should be kept to a minimum.

An important condition for the normal operation of a refrigeration unit is the availability of specially trained personnel. The personnel servicing the refrigeration unit must be guided by the technical documentation for the refrigeration unit, production instructions for servicing the entire unit as a whole, as well as its individual units and elements.

With economical safe operation of the refrigeration unit, it is necessary to observe the optimal mode of its operation, equip the unit with instrumentation, automatic control and protection devices, properly fill the system with a refrigerant, keep the heat transfer surfaces of condensers and evaporators clean, and timely carry out preventive maintenance of refrigeration equipment, keep a daily log of the refrigeration unit and prepare technical reports.

At trade and public catering enterprises, refrigeration equipment is served by mechanics of specialized refrigeration equipment plants. Maintenance includes inspections carried out once a month with the performance of preventive work and the necessary minor repairs, elimination of malfunctions that may arise, a daily check of the refrigeration unit's performance.

The scope of maintenance depends on the type of machine, the installation layout and the degree of automation.

Conclusion

Today, the technology of manufacturing refrigeration units is at a very high level. The development of new models of refrigeration units today has even affected the field of microelectronics. Also, the technology of production of refrigeration machines and digital computer technologies were not spared.

The use of computer-controlled refrigeration units in everyday life significantly adds convenience to their operation, creates time savings, and computer control over the state of the unit's components maintains its more reliable and safe operation for many years.

The use of computer-controlled refrigeration units in production increases production efficiency, ensures reliable temperature control, thereby reliably preserving raw materials and ensuring minimal losses.

Perhaps the main disadvantage of such installations is the complexity and high cost of repairing electronic parts of computer control. In addition, electronic components require special operating conditions. Another disadvantage is that computer-controlled refrigerators are quite expensive, but the savings on minimal losses of raw materials during storage in production fully justify the cost of the units.

Another not unimportant problem is the lack of specialists in servicing such equipment. But most enterprises in Russia invite specialists from abroad to service imported refrigeration units, since most of the digitally controlled refrigerators are supplied from abroad.

Unfortunately, such refrigerators are produced in Russia a little, or they are produced, but under the license of foreign companies, respectively, such units enter the market under the brand of a foreign company.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop in Russia the development and production of refrigerators and refrigeration units with digital control and create new technologies for their manufacture, so that Russian refrigeration units become competitive in the world market.

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