Flat roof on wooden beams: design options and features of their device. Roofing for a wooden house: a choice of diagrams and building materials Flat roof with wooden overlap

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Flat roofing on wooden beams - features and installation order

Currently, the flat roof has ceased to be a lot of production, commercial and administrative structures, as private homeowners appreciated the convenience and efficiency of the roofing design of this type.

More and more developers embody the bold ideas of architects and designers, preferring the projects of cottages and town houses without complicated and expensive pitched roofs.

In this article, we will tell that the device is flat blood, as well as the installation of the coating on wooden beams, which in private construction are used more often than concrete floors.

• 1 device
• 2 species
• 3 mounting
• 4 Instructions

Device

A flat roof is a multi-layer coating of bitumen, polymeric or bitumen-polymer roofing materials laid one on another in a special order. The roof of this type is condensed by the method of burning or fill. If you imagine a vertical cut of the coating, you can see that the roofing device consists of the following layers:

Device of flat roofing

1. Base. The base for roofing flooring on a flat roof is concrete floors or wooden beams. In the apartment, high-altitude houses of a large area use a concrete base, as a significant load is located on it. In private residential and economic buildings, a flat roof is laid on wooden beams, which are cheaper, less weigh and do not overload the foundation.
2. Thermal insulation material.

   Since, according to the principle of convection, warm air rises up, the roof in heated houses becomes the main place through which heat loss occurs. To reduce the costs of maintaining the optimal temperature, produce thermal insulation of a flat roof. The insulating layer device is performed using glass gambles, polystyrene foam, basalt fiber or flowing types of insulation.

3. Waterproofing material.

   The device of each plane roof includes 3-7 layers of waterproofing from roofing materials based on bitumen, polymer resins or synthetic rubber. These coatings can be filtered, self-adhesive or liquid. Waterproofing is placed in several layers to create a durable, reliable coating that does not allow leaks. The service life of 1 layer of roofing regularoid is not 2-3 years, whereas in the composition of the multilayer design it can serve over 15 years.

4. Drainage system.

   The plane roof is equipped with an internal drain, consisting of pipes and waterfronts. So that melting and rainwater fall into these elements of the drainage system and were transferred to the storm sewer, the roof gives a small bias of 2-3 degrees in the desired side. If the liquid accumulates on the roofing surface, the waterproofing materials are destroyed faster, and the insulation reserves, losing thermal insulation qualities.

Important! The peculiarity of the flat roof, stacked on a wooden base, is that wood is a combustible material, so it is impossible to press roofing materials with a gas burner. To secure the first layer on the crate, use nails or apply self-adhesive coatings.

Views

The device of a flat roof depends on the method of mounting, used materials and how the roof will be used. On wooden floors, you can mount the non-exploitable, exploited or inversion roof. Each of these species has its own characteristics and requires a special approach to design and construction:

• Non-exploited roof. This term denotes a flat roof that is not used as a place of arrangement of economic recreational purposes or other purposes. It is based on the fact that it will rise to it 1-2 people equipped with insurance, only at the time of maintenance and repair of construction. Such a roof is suitable for a garage, a shed, a small extension. Definition of a flat roof
• Operated roof. Operated call roofs that are equipped so that they perform any additional features. They are satisfied with the recreation areas, pools are installed, equip the terraces, planting lawns or split flower beds. The promising area of \u200b\u200bconstruction is the construction of residential buildings, on the roofs of which are installed solar batteries producing electricity for the needs of homeowners. The operated roof can be mounted on wooden beams, if you correctly calculate the load and strengthen the overlaps. Definition of the operated roof
• Inversion roof. Inversion is called a flat roof with reverse order of layers. This method of laying roofing was developed in order to extend the life of waterproofing materials of the last generation, which had weak resistance to UV rays and temperature drops. With an inversion method of installation, the waterproofing layer is mounted before laying the insulation. The minus of such a construction is that thermal insulation material that is not protected from wetting, works less efficiently. Device inversion roof

Important! Private construction opens up tremendous opportunities for using a flat roof. For the arrangement of the terrace, a balcony or a platform for recreation can be used the roof of the garage attached to the main structure. However, it is necessary to take into account that the construction of exploited roofing structures is more expensive and more complex. To protect people on the roof, the perimeter is installed parapet with a height of at least 1, 2 m. Mondage of a flat roof on a wooden base differ from the process of laying a coating on a concrete base. However, for non-professional builders, it is even easier for non-professional builders, since it does not require a complex tool. Roofing masters recommend to engage in the construction of a flat roof in dry, warm weather, when the air temperature exceeds 5 degrees. Mounting technology with their own hands as follows:

1. First of all, laying the Mauerlat Bruz, which serves as the basis for the installation of beams. This will require a durable, dry beam in size 150x150 mm. To protect wood from rot and mold formation, it is treated with antiseptic and moisture protection compositions. Maurylalat is installed on the upper belt of the long walls of the structure using anchor bolts or stovered metal spills. To isolate a tree from the material from which the walls are made, 1-2 layers of rubberoid are paved between them. Organization of a wooden base for a flat roof flooring
2. From the boards with a thickness of 100x150 mm, rafting legs are made (beams). At the upper and lower end of the rafter, they made drank under Mauerlat on half of the thickness of the sawn timber. The beams are fixed on Mauerlat using metal corners or nails. The step between them should be 60 or 120 cm according to the weight of the roofing. Karkas for flooring flat roofing
3. Perform thermal insulation of the roof. To do this, use plates or mattes of insulation with a roll width of 120 cm (glass gamble, slag, basalt fiber). Thermal insulation material is laid between the beams.
4. On the beams laid wooden flooring or moisture-resistant Phane to fit roofing. Since the roof base is performed from a combustible material, the installation of the first coating layer is made, bringing it with nails. You can also use self-adhesive polymeric materials that do not require a gas burner when installing heating. Nastille the self-adhesive polymer coating on a wooden base
5. The first 1-2 layers are performed from waterproofing materials on a bituminous basis of lining brands. The subsequent 2-4 layers make roofing grades with greater strength and resistance to mechanical damage.
6. If the roof is operated, then the parapet waterproofing is performed, laying the roofing roofing roofing on it. To avoid leaks at the place of the junction of the parapet with the roof, the roofing wedge is mounted in front of the roofing wedge, which twists the sharp corner. Construction of a warm flat roof on wooden beams
7. Installation of the roofing layers are performed in the dispersion, that is, so that the seams between the stripes do not coincide. This measure helps to prevent moisture penetration in the joints of the joints.

Note! Compared to a concrete base, wooden has a smaller carrier ability, so there can be progress over time. To avoid deformation of the roof, you should carefully calculate the potential load or replace the wooden beams on metal stones.

-Instruction

Source: http://krovlyakrishi.ru/vidy-krysh/ploskaya/krovlya-po-derevyannym-balkam.html.

Flat roof in a private house: types of structures and features

If earlier flat roofs were made only on urban high-rise buildings and were associated with constant leaks, today the situation in the root changed. These designs are used not only during the construction of multi-storey buildings, but also by erecting prestigious private houses on exclusive projects. Such changes have become possible due to the emergence of completely new building materials and technologies.

Flat roof in a private house

Specifications of flat roofs

Flat roofs - one of the many types of roofing, has both positive and negative sides. The advantages of such roofs include the following characteristics.

1. Saving construction materials and rapid rates. The effect is achieved by physical economy - the plane roof area is much smaller than twin. In addition, for this design, there is no need to make a complex rafter system with various runs, backups, riglels, Mauerlatov, etc. The small number of roof elements makes it possible to build flat roofs yourself without attracting expensive professional professionals.
   True, for this you should have the initial skills of rooting work, understand modern technologies and materials. Otherwise, attempts to reduce the estimated cost of the structure can cause greater additional costs of unplanned repairs. And not only the roof itself, but also inland buildings.

   Modern materials and technologies allow you to create a flat roof with proper consumer characteristics and at an affordable price.

2. Ability to use a roof as exploited. On flat roofs, winter gardens can be equipped, places for recreation, flower beds, small sports sites, etc. But in these cases, the roofs have a very complex design and require a professional approach to the implementation of all construction work.

   The use of a flat roof is an opportunity to get an additional useful territory that can be used as a place where you can relax in the fresh air, play sports, create a garden, flower bed

3. Flat roofs facilitate installation and periodic maintenance Of various engineering equipment: air conditioning and ventilation systems, solar panels, antennas, etc.

   Flat roof is more convenient installation and subsequent service work with all sorts of equipment.

Unfortunately, there are architectural structures and disadvantages.

1. A large amount of snow accumulates on the plane of the roof. This not only creates additional and significant static loads on all construction structures, but also significantly increases the likelihood of leaks. In the spring and autumn, the snow froze repeatedly, the ice undermines the places of overlap and docking the roofing materials, which significantly reduces the tightness of the coating. To minimize risks, snow has to be considered manually. It is not only hard, but also may cause critical mechanical damage to the roof with the need for further repair.

   A large amount of snow accumulates on the plane of the roof

2. Complete work on the construction and maintenance of the drainage system. A small slope of the surface requires a very competent relationship to the drainage system. If you violate the recommended technology, there are places with standing water on the roof, which has a very negative impact on its reliability. Another problem - the drains often freeze, the efficiency of the system is approaching zero. It is required or to make waterproofs with heating, which is quite difficult from technologically point of view, or periodically clean them.

   Internal roof drainage

We listed real advantages and disadvantages, each developer before making a final decision should carefully analyze them.

Varieties of flat roofs in private houses

Thanks to new materials and technologies, designers managed to create several types of flat roofs with unique performance characteristics.

Important. The cost of flat roofs fluctuates wide limits, some options for the price can several times to exceed two-tie structures.

Device of roofing cake

All flat roofs in residential buildings must be insulated, design consists of several layers. Each of them performs its function and is critical for the roof.

Base

It can be reinforced concrete or wooden.

1. Reinforced concrete base - An ordinary industrial overlap plate is distinguished by the high values \u200b\u200bof physical strength, resistant to high humidity, duration of operation.

   Structure of the inversion roof with reinforced concrete base

2. Wooden base Installed on reinforced ceiling overlap beams. Most often, it is made solid of durable moisture-resistant OSP plates, the thickness depending on the calculated loads can reach two centimeters. The distance between the ceiling beams and their dimensions are also calculated taking into account the maximum possible loads.

   Design warm flat roof on wooden beams

Professional builders prefer reinforced concrete slabs, but they can not be used on all houses. Plates are mounted only on brick or concrete facade walls, such elements are not used for wooden or frame buildings.

Parosolation

Used only in two cases: the base of the flat roof is wooden and mineral wool is used as insulation.

Reinforced film for steam barrier

But such options are rare, most often the base is made from the concrete slab, and a durable extruded polystyrene is used for insulation. Both of these material are not only not afraid of the effects of steam, but also do not react to direct contact with water. Accordingly, during the arrangement of the roofs from such materials, steam-free is required.

Warming with flat roof polystyrene does not imply the use of vapor barrier

Insulation

There are two types of insulation that can be used in the construction of flat roofs.

1. Mineral wool or glass gamble. On flat roofs, only extruded species are applied, rolled according to their technical parameters do not comply with the existing requirements.

   Mineral wool

   The advantages of mineral wool are absolute resistance to open fire and environmental friendliness. More advantages she has no, but there is a rather long list of disadvantages: high cost, low mechanical strength indicators, hygroscopicity, dependence of thermal conductivity on the indicators of relative humidity, impaired by the wind. As additional drawbacks can be called the complexity of the styling: it is necessary to work only in good weather and in protective clothing.

   Warming with flat roofing mineral wool

2. Polymer insulation. This category includes polystyrene foam, foam and referring materials made on the basis of polymers. These insulation have two common drawbacks: alone harmful chemical compounds into the air and inferior to the mineral wool on fire resistance. But such disadvantages in this case are very conditional for two reasons. The first - for the insulation on the roof the number of chemical compounds allocated does not matter, they do not fall into residential premises. The second - modern achievements of innovative technologies made it possible to produce polymer insulation with high characteristics of open fire resistance and permissible sanitary standards for chemical compounds.

   Flat roof insulation extruded polystyrene foam

Insulation can be installed in two ways.

1. From the inside of the premises. Heaters are fixed on the ceiling, the outer plane of the plate has only a hydraulic protection layer. This method has many advantages: you can use any types of insulation, installation does not depend on weather conditions, the risks of wetting and mechanical damage completely excluded. The lack of one - the height of the interior decreases. Installing from the inside should be provided at the stage of design of the house, the height of the rooms should increase on the thickness of the insulation.

   Flat roof insulation from inside polystyrene

2. Outside the premises. For this option, only extruded polystyrene foam is suitable. Mineral wool or glass gamble is categorically not recommended, they have a greater dependence of thermal conductivity on humidity indicators and insufficient mechanical strength.

   Flat roof thermal insulation

Currently, architects in most cases prefer the second option to insulate the flat roof, have this in mind. But practices are advised to install insulation from within the premises. Decision Each developer must take on their own.

Practical recommendations for arrangement of a flat roof on a skeleton house

For example, we will take an option to arrange a flat roof on a wooden frame house. These buildings are very popular with many developers, they are quickly going to stand relatively inexpensively and provide living comfort level living.

How to make overlaps

For the ceiling overlap you need to use foreign beams, ordinary are not suitable due to very high loads. If we significantly increase the linear dimensions of ordinary beams, their own weight will play a prominent role in the calculations of the current efforts, and this is extremely undesirable for all structural loaded elements.

Wooden overlaps

Loop wooden beam

Important. If the size of the house is large, then it is much more profitable to order short beams and split them in place. Due to this method, the process of transporting and installing structures is simplified. During the installation of ceiling beams, you need to make a small bias for water.

What to do hydraulic

For sealing, it is recommended to use a modern high-quality membrane having protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The thickness of the membrane is at least 1.5 mm, the service life of such coatings is more than thirty years. Membranes must maintain their initial properties at -30 ° and lower. It should be borne in mind that there may be situations when it will have to remove snow from the roof, the waterproof should withstand mechanical efforts and not damage.

Membrane waterproof

The roof tightness is the most important condition for the durability of the building and comfort of living in it. We recommend reading an article on our website to learn all about the waterproofing materials for the roof, their features, varieties and installation procedure.

How to mount a funnel for water reception

The diameter of the funnel must correspond to the roof area and the maximum debit of water. Data is available in comparative tables and are attached to the instructions for using elements. If for some reason there is no such instruction, then you must consult with the seller.

Fluorchitel on the funnel

The funnel is installed in the lowest roof. The roof plane is divided into several sectors and each has a small slope to the plum. To winter in the funnel, ice was accumulated, it is recommended to connect the electrical heating system. Heating function temporarily and only during the period when the temperature changes somewhat per day with a positive to negative.

Electric roofing funnel

How to properly cut the waterproof membrane

The joints boil with a construction hairdryer and are additionally flooded with a special two-component glue. It follows from the lowest edge, the width of the adhesive is at least 10 cm. To increase the fastening strength, each membrane band is separately fixed by special fasteners, wide washers later close.

Flooring membranes

The perimeter of the membrane parapet is also screwed with a large dimeter washers, the distance between them is about 20-30 cm.

Fastening the membrane around the perimeter of the parapet

How to remove water from the roof

Experienced builders are not recommended on flat roofs trying to install outer gutters and pipes for removal of water to earth. The optimal option is to launch plastic pipes through interior rooms. Installation of the system should be done immediately after assembling the carcass at home, while the pipes of the pipes are hidden. Due to this place of installation, the probability of freezing is completely excluded, the reliability of the system functioning is significantly increased.

Water Water Warm

The better to handle OSP slabs

There are many options, efficiency depends not only on the materials used, but also from the professionalism of the master. But practice shows that with all equal conditions, the greatest reliability in bitumen mastics. Surfaces need to be missed at least two times, it guarantees the tightness of the coating a long period of time. Of course, the upper membrane must also be high quality and properly laid.

Treatment of bitumen mastic

Source: https://krysha-expert.ru/ploskaya-krysha-v-chastnom-dome

Roofing for a wooden house: a choice of diagrams and building materials

All photos from the article

Do you know what kind of roof is better for a wooden house and how to do it yourself? The question is far from idle, because, despite the abundance of roofing materials presented in the market, not each of them is suitable for the arrangement of your cottage or cottage.

Again, not every scheme of the roof device will be relevant for a country house built from sawn timber. Meanwhile, the durability and efficiency of the home depends on the correctness of the selection of the roof assembly and building materials.

Slim system duplex roof

What materials are the optimal solution for the manufacture of the roofs of a wooden house and which methods can be applied to independently carry out installation work on this and many other things we will tell in this article.

Requirements for roofing systems on wooden houses

In order to determine what kind of roof is to choose for a wooden house, you need to know, according to what criteria to make a choice.

Wooden buildings are specific buildings that are distinguished by less durability, compared to houses from concrete and brick. Moreover, wooden buildings for a long time are subject to shrinkage processes.

That is why the main requirements for roofing systems are low weight and, as a result, a small mechanical load on the bearing walls. In addition, the correctly constructed roofing system should be effectively freed from atmospheric precipitation so that the accumulation of snow or rainwater does not affect the excessive mechanical load.

In accordance with the SNIP on the wooden structures of the roof (SNIP II-25-80) today, scanty (single-table, double, tents and hip) and flat roofs are universal.

The choice of one or another modification is determined by the configuration and sizes of the construction object. The standard roofing device assumes the presence of a rafter system, crates, heat and waterproofing, external roofing material.

Roof Types in accordance with Roofing Materials

Table loads on the rafter design

In accordance with the type of building materials, roofing systems are divided into the following modifications:

• Slate structures - got the greatest distribution, since the price of this roofing material is an order of magnitude more accessible to the same tile. Until recently, most of the roofs were equipped with their own hands using asbestos-cement-cement eightwall slate.

Asbesto-cement slate

Important: This building material is manufactured to this day, but today its sales are gradually decreasing. The negative impact of asbestos on people's health has been established in Western European countries.

Therefore, carcinogenic, but cheap asbestos-cement slate is universally replaced by a metal slate or other varieties of roofing materials.

• The roof, decorated with Ondulin gets becoming increasingly popular, thanks to such qualities as a relatively low cost, environmental safety, durability (on the application of resource producers at least 50 years), an excellent appearance.

Ondulin is a good alternative to asbestos-cement sector

An important advantage of Ondulina is low weight and, as a result, a slight load on the rafter system.

Ondulin is a material made from a mixture of bitumen and organic fibers. The material does not rot, does not oxidize, demonstrates excellent resistance to atmospheric precipitation, temperature fluctuations and UV radiation.

• Metal tile is a budget alternative to ceramic tile. The advantage of such a roofing material, in comparison with the ceramic analogue, is low weight, which reduces the load on the rafter without prejudice to the strength of the roofing material.

Mounting scheme metal tile

Metal tile is manufactured by deformation of galvanized sheet steel. At the final production stage, the finished product is painted or a protective polymer coating is applied to its surface.

• Soft roofing (flexible tile) is a material made on the basis of a glass cholester, which in several occasions is soaked with liquid bitumen.

On the photo Laying flexible tile

Flexible tile possesses all the advantages of the previously listed materials. In addition, this roofing material is easy to install. But there is one significant drawback - this is a high cost.

So, we considered the main varieties of roofs in accordance with the types of materials used in their construction. Now let's talk about the structural features of flat and pitched roofing systems.

Design of flat roofs on wooden beams

Device beams for mounting flat roofing

The device of a flat roof on wooden beams is divided into several separate varieties, including:

• Operated roofing on wooden beams - is a design to which if necessary, you can exit or install various economic devices, such as a laundry dryer.

IMPORTANT: Such a roof is infrequently used in the arrangement of individual low-rise housing objects.
If we decided to build such a roof, keep in mind, you will need a professional design, taking into account all the loads that can be rendered on wooden beams and overlapping at home.

• Uncommunicable modifications are a roof that is covered with soft roofing material of a roll type. Therefore, such a flat roof on wooden beams is not intended for walking. For performing operational maintenance or repair of the coating, there must be special lathes or bridges at the construction stage, which evenly distribute pressure over the entire surface.
• Inversion modifications are another kind of flat roof, which is characterized in that the insulation layer is located on top of the waterproofing materials. For comparison, in the rest of the flat roofs, the opposite is the opposite. Inversion roof is good as low thermal conductivity and long-term operation.
• Ventilated roofs on wooden low-rise buildings are rarely made due to the complexity of their organization. However, this type of roofing systems allows you to effectively remove outward moisture out of the roof.

For this, the first layer of roofing carpet is fixed on the roof partially, using special locks. Thus, an air gap is formed between the overlap and the upper part of the roofing cake.

Scanty roof design

Load Table on Scope Roofs

The design of the pitched roofs is represented by the following modifications:

• Single modifications - when the roof flooring is straight, but one edge raised relative to others. Such systems are the optimal choice for small-sized construction objects, such as small cottages, baths, household buildings, etc.

IMPORTANT: At home with a large area, one-piece roofs are not recommended, since the load from the precipitation felling in winter can be too large

Table ratio of the cross section of the crate and the degree of slope

• Two-tight modifications are most common in the construction of wooden houses. This is not surprising, since the instruction of the construction of a two-tie roof is only a bit more complicated by the device of single-table analogs, while the load on the rafter system here extends much more evenly.
• Four-tight (semi-degrees) Modification - once a very popular variety of roofs used in the construction of country houses and cottages. The design consists of four different sizes.

Important: To build such a system, significantly more roofing material is needed than for the construction of two previous modifications.

• Roofing with an attic (broken roof) - this solution is used for the device of an additional residential or economic room.
• Tent modification is an option of a 4-pitched roof, but in this case all the skates are converged with their vertices at one point.
• The stiffening modification is a type of tent roof, but instead of four applied six or more rods.

Output

Now, when we know what kind of roofing systems can be applied to arrange a wooden house, you can choose the best option for the arrangement of your cottage or cottage.

Despite the fact that construction work requires sufficient professionalism and experience, with the construction of most of the listed structures you will handle yourself without the help of professional installers. In order to fulfill the task, it is easier to cope, we recommend watching the video in this article.

Most recently, flat roofs applied only during the construction of high-rise buildings within the cities, but today there are often country houses and cottages with roofs of this type.

Flat-type roof improvement in a country house are a fairly convenient and useful architectural solution that allows you to create an additional area on a leisure area.

The roofs of this type are often called soft. This is due to the use of bulk and soft rolled, rather than the usual hard and durable, roofing materials in the construction of flat and single-sided roofs with their own hands.

The rapidly increased popularity of flat roofs during the construction of country private houses is explained by the development of new modern materials and technologies that allow you to provide good indicators of the strength and reliability of the roof, while maintaining the available cost. Previously, it was precisely the high cost of materials and installation forced the developer to abandon the installation of a flat roof and stop the choice on creating a single-table roof from the sheets of professionals with their own hands, which can be performed independently. Many users to this day consider a flat roof expensive and unreliable element of the house design.

Important information! The reliability of the coating is ensured by using the most modern materials and technologies of installation, which contribute to improving quality and significant price reduction.

It is important to remember that, like any other process, the roof of soft materials will be long and efficiently perform their functions with strict observance by the workers of all technological stages of installation.

To date, there is a large selection of methods for arranging a flat roof of soft roofing materials. This fact allows the customer to choose the most convenient option for itself in price and quality and make a beneficial investment in the arrangement of a flat roof, for example on a country wooden house.

Moreover, the installation of a flat roof for a country cottage is a fashionable flow in architecture as part of the popular design style of constructivism. The basis of such a style is the construction of houses possessing the simplest design with minimizing the number of components.

At the same time, many have long refused to believe in the advantage of a flat roof in front of standard roofing materials. Some believed that such a roof design would not withstand loads with heavy snowfalls, others noted the primitiveness of constructivism as an architectural style, which worsens the appearance of the building, in contrast to the installation option and the single-piece roof device with their own hands. At the same time, all told about the huge costs of mounting a flat roof.

How is the case really:

1. The arrangement of a flat roof will require significantly less building materials than on the arrangement of single-table, since they have a smaller surface area.
2. The installation of a flat roof is easier and faster because it is easier to operate on a smooth single-level surface.
3. Due to the flat smooth surface of the roof of this type, it is easier and more convenient to carry out various repair and technical work related to the operation of the roof. Works related to the maintenance of chimneys and antennas are also easier to perform on a flat, and not on the inclined surface.

Another significant advantage will be the emergence of an additional area on the roof, which can be used with benefit.

On the surface of a flat roof can be:

1. Create a floral greenhouse that will be beautiful and make the house individual;
2. Build a small arbor for leisure and rest in a circle of family and friends;
3. Make a small gym in the fresh air, setting various simulators and sports equipment;
4. Equip the platform for recreation and walking, etc ..

To ensure a long and high-quality functioning of a flat roof and build on it, when performing any work it is worth using modern high-quality materials and monitor the compliance with the requirement to the technological process of installation at all stages of work.

Flat roof equipment

The base for the installation of a flat roof made of soft roofing materials should be durable materials that ensure reliability. These can be reinforced concrete floors or metal professional knots.

To ensure compliance with the flat roof, all requirements and standards must take care of high-quality and reliable waterproofing, insulation, etc.

A properly equipped flat roof must consist of the following layers:

1. Vaporizolation;
2. Thermal insulation;
3. Waterproofing;
4. Roofing material.

In addition to the high quality of the materials themselves used in the construction of a flat roof, an important issue will be the observance of all the requirements of modern technologies for working with materials and strictly performing all stages of laying.

In the case of poor quality performing the thermal insulation layer or the use of low-quality materials, with even small defective sites for these purposes, the roof during operation will lose its quality and reliability indicators.

The heat insulation layer is important due to the ability of a flat roof, like any kind of roofing, to be a conductor for cold air to the room.

To prevent the penetration of cold air into the room, it is necessary to clearly understand how to perform the insulation of the roof of a flat type.

It should be remembered: Any insulation is exposed to moisture, which reduces its characteristics. This causes the importance of the installation of the vaporizolation layer in front of the insulation layer, which will prevent the moisture of moisture of the indoor space on the insulation.

After layers of vapor barrier and thermal insulation, it is necessary to ensure waterproofing from the impact of moisture of the external environment, for example, precipitation. Moreover, a ventilation system must be included in the flat roof design. Systems of this kind are usually created from plastic pipes that are called aerators.

By installing aerators, it should be monitored that the lower end of the pipe is under a layer of vapor barrier. Such an installation will allow removing warm air from the room to the outside, preventing the process of its condensation on the surface of the layer of insulating material.

The required number of pipes is connected to the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe roof. Dependency Direct: The greater the roof - the more pipes need. Pipes are installed in the highest points of the roof relative to the level of land.

The installation of aerators must be approached accordingly. For qualitative execution of such an operation, certain knowledge and skills will be required, since violations of the ventilation mounting process will result in complications in the maintenance and repair of a flat roof. The smallest violations and miscalculations in the ventilation unit can lead to moisture penetration into layers of isolation and insulation, which will worsen the quality of the roof.

Features of a flat roof

When installing the roof of a flat type, fashionably use a wide range of additional decorative and functional elements, such as lighting devices, hatches, smokers, etc.

It is important that the roof has a small slope, which will prevent the depression of moisture on the roof, the remains of rainwater, snow. In this case, such a slope is important not only for a wooden roof, but also for the roof made of other materials. Even the minimum bias will allow you to cope with the tasks, it will not be superfluous and the installation of drains throughout the perimeter of the roof. The method of removal of moisture from the roof is determined at the roof design phase.

Important! The efficiency of its work will depend on the literacy and quality of the design of the drainage of the drainage of the drainage, and the quality of the whole roof as a whole, since moisture when interacting with moisture most of the material loses their qualities.

To eliminate the situation of freezing moisture in the drainage in the cold time, you can equip the construct with thermocabers with automatic regulation.

To perform a flat-type roof coating, it is recommended to use masts of various types or other roofing materials suitable in terms of reliability and strength. At the same time, it is better to choose cheaper methods and technologies for mounting roofing material, and not save on quality. With the help of modern technologies, it is fashionable to use various floor coatings as roofing, in particular the paving slabs, which are placed on a specially equipped frame.

In general, it is worth noting that the development of building materials and technologies does not stand still, which allows you to introduce new materials with greater efficiency and ensure the high quality and reliability of all house designs, in particular and flat roof.

While the unusual decoration of country cottages is a flat roof. It is believed that flat roofs are intended only for urban development or for industrial buildings. But it is not. Roofs of houses in historical neighborhoods are often scanty. And in a private house you can make a flat roof.

Now we will look at what it is, what is the advantages / minuses and how to perform a flat roof with your own hands.

Types of flat roof

Structurally flat roofs are divided into two main types: on beams and those in which the concrete slab is at the base.

Flat roofs are never absolutely flat, a small angle (within a few degrees) is still there. This is necessary for water drain. Otherwise, she will be forced on the roof.

Most often on flat roofing, the inner drains are arranged: the funnels are mounted in the roof, the risers from them pass through the interior. Funnels are placed on a reduced part of the roof, at the rate of one riser at 150-200 squares.

Waterproofing around the funnels are reinforced, the cable heating is also recommended (so that the water in the riser does not freeze). If the flat roof without parapet, and the angle is decent (from 6 degrees) the drainage system can be the standard outer, as for pitched roofs: chute and pipes.

The roofs are divided into functionality, a roofing cake device and the type of coating. Here are some major varieties:

• Non-exploited roofing is flat. It is erected solely for the sake of originality and saving material. In strengthening design does not need.

• Operated flat roofing. It can be used for all purposes, starting with the placement of the outdoor pool and ending with the car parking.

The type of overlapping depends on the target: it is obvious that at high expected loads, the base should be a concrete slab. But this does not mean that the whole building should be brick or concrete. For example, a flat roof in a wooden house can also be operated. Of course, it is impossible to use it as a helicopter platform, but to arrange a solarium, break the garden or put a gazebo for tea drinking - quite. Of course, it is impossible to do a rarefied crate, only solid.

• Traditional roof. The classical execution of the roofing cake: a waterproofing layer on top of the insulation, the base is concrete, for the outflow of water - a ceramzite concrete (inclined screed).

• Inversion roof. Here, the insulation lies on top of the waterproofing and protects it from damage. The floor can be separated by sidewalk or ceramic tiles, can also be planted here. Mandatory requirement for inversion design - an angle of 3-5 degrees.

The roofs are attractive and unbelievable. Both species have their own advantages: the presence of a attic allows you to place all the necessary communications on it (ventilation pipes, an expansion tank of heating, etc.), an aircraft roof can be made operated.

One of the options for a non-Cellular design is a flat combined roof: an attic overlap is combined with a roof, the bottom side is a ceiling in a residential room.

note

With the height of the house ten meters and above, as well as on the operated roofs, parapet is installed in obligatory. For exploited - no less than 1.2 meters.

If the roof is not operated, and the cottage is low, you can perform a flat roof without a parapet or install enhancement lattices instead or even do without them.

Total Flat Roof Device

Obviously, the operated roofs of different destination will differ in the device:

The most common coverage is a flat roof. This is low cost, simplicity and high laying speed, excellent waterproofing. The cheapest material that can be covered with a flat roof - runner.

Disadvantages of rolled materials (and rubberoids in particular) - small durability, low mechanical strength. For the operated roofs "with high patency" preferably tile.

The flat roof of the and flat roof of the corrugated floor can only be performed in the non-exploit version and in the presence of the necessary slope. When choosing a material, you need to get acquainted with the instructions for the model: some types of professional knots and metal tiles allow laying on the roofs with a slope less than 11 degrees.

Some brands of the professional leaf can also be used as a base for non-exploitable roof, instead of plywood or concrete slabs.

There are other coatings for non-exploitable roofs:

• Polycarbonate;

Pros and cons of flat roofs

Advantages:

• Original view. Flat roofs in cottages are rarely found.
• Ability to operate.
• Flat roof - simple installation and saving on materials. But it depends on how you plan to operate the roof. And the construction will cost even more expensive than the expensive scope roof from ceramic tiles.
• Stacking coverage, maintenance, repairs on a flat roof. Perform easier than on the scath.
• Flat roofs windy, the scant has sailboat.

Minuses:

• The plane roof flows more often than scope. Permanent monitoring of the state of the waterproofing layer is necessary.
• The need to clean the roof from snow.
• Roof Roll flat requires more frequent repair and change of coating than metal products, tiled and other scope.

So what is the roof better, flat or scope? Exceptionally the case of taste.

Build a flat roof

Consider the option when the professional list is used as the roof base:

1. The sheets are stacked on the beams (rafters). The step between the rafters depends on the profile. For example, for carrier profiles with a corrugation height of 6-7.5 centimeters (H60, H75) step between beams 3-4 meters.

2. Laying a vaporizolizing film. The film is placed with the allen, the joints need to be sealed with the assembly tape.

3. Thermal insulation. For this purpose, minvati plates are usually used. Note that the lowering of the corrugations should also be filled with insulation.

4. Waterproofing. Polymer film is suitable for this purpose. If the insulation is Minvat, you can also use the waterproofing, because Vata - non-flammable material.

5. Finish coating. You can also use the weaving. The roof slowly rolls the roll, heated by its burner along the entire length. The weld coating is pressed to the roof and smoothed.

6. On flat roofs, it is possible to put the floor roof in several layers.

In other cases, the flat roof on wooden beams is arranged more traditionally: the beams are nourished with a solid crate of plywood or OSB, the roofing pie (vapor barrier + basalt wool) is guided by a waterproofing layer and rolled roof.

If you are interested in a flat roof with a more complex device, please contact us: we will perform the roof of any complexity quickly and at an affordable price.

Currently, the flat roof has ceased to be a lot of production, commercial and administrative structures, as private homeowners appreciated the convenience and efficiency of the roofing design of this type. More and more developers embody the bold ideas of architects and designers, preferring the projects of cottages and town houses without complicated and expensive pitched roofs. In this article, we will tell that the device is flat blood, as well as the installation of the coating on wooden beams, which in private construction are used more often than concrete floors.

A flat roof is a multi-layer coating of bitumen, polymeric or bitumen-polymer roofing materials laid one on another in a special order. The roof of this type is condensed by the method of burning or fill. If you imagine a vertical cut of the coating, you can see that the roofing device consists of the following layers:

Important! The peculiarity of the flat roof, stacked on a wooden base, is that wood is a combustible material, so it is impossible to press roofing materials with a gas burner. To secure the first layer on the crate, use nails or apply self-adhesive coatings.

Views

The device of a flat roof depends on the method of mounting, used materials and how the roof will be used. On wooden floors, you can mount the non-exploitable, exploited or inversion roof. Each of these species has its own characteristics and requires a special approach to design and construction:

Note! Compared to a concrete base, wooden has a smaller carrier ability, so there can be progress over time. To avoid deformation of the roof, you should carefully calculate the potential load or replace the wooden beams on metal stones.

Video instruction

Such a roof is very often used in the construction of modern multi-storey residential buildings, as well as production buildings and administrative buildings. However, it is used in rustic construction, although in this case it is most often used for economic buildings, but also for a low-rise residential building, the installation of a flat roof is allowed. This article is devoted to this issue where various moments relating to the installation of such structures will be covered.

The construction technology of such a design is no higher complexity, so if you plan to cover a garage or economic building, it is quite possible to cope with your own. The roof device involves the use of metal or wooden beams, which will evenly distribute the load from the design on the surface of the bearing walls. The roof must withstand:

• the total weight of the design and elements of communications located on the roof;
• human weight conducting service or coating repair;
• snow mass falling in winter;

When calculating the reliability of the roof design, it is necessary to consider that the snow load can be large enough, because there is no skate, thanks to which some of the snow might would fall down.

The base for a flat roof is most often reinforced concrete. It can be a monolithic design, and a hollow slab overlap, on top of which laying of roofing pie elements. On top of the concrete is a layer of waterproofing, which lies insulation. The insulated material itself is protected with the second layer of waterproofing, which is above the insulation.

Roofing technology for various types of rooms

The way to create a flat roof with your own hands depends on its purpose. In this case, all types of similar design are divided into two categories. The first includes roofs for unheated premises, and the second ones that are used for heated.

When the volume of construction is small, for example, you need to make a garage, a barn or even a small one-storey house, having a flat roof of work it is quite possible to fulfill on its own, but for large areas it is already necessary to attract assistants.

The unheated premises can be created with a roof located under a slope. Even a slight angle of inclination will allow water to drain, and the snow lifted to delete will be much easier. The roof design can be a set of beams, on top of which a solid shield from the boards is stacked. Already on top of the boards there are several layers of rubberoid performing the role of waterproofing. It is worth saying that the roof of this type is characterized by minimal labor costs, and many do not need materials for its creation, but the service life will be small, and then, if there is no heating in the room.

When attaching a roll material, it should be borne in mind that it is required to be recorded every 70 cm, but not to create slats for precipitations flowing along the roof surface. The minimum bias so that water flows under the action of gravity is better to choose at least 3 percent.

If it is planned to use this room and warm it up, which is worth thinking about the second version of the roof - insulated. In this case, the roofing pie is assembled from several layers, which makes it possible to ensure the proper level of thermal insulation, as well as protect the insulation itself from water in one way or another.

Flat roofing, the incision of which is presented in the figure below, is just designed for insulated rooms.

The technologies for creating such structures are quite a lot, and some of them will be discussed below, and it is best to use the easiest option for independent manufacture. In this case, the roles of the base are again the beams, on top of which the flooring placed from the board. They are laying the lining ruler, and the rolled material must be placed with a 15 cm overlap. On top of it, it is necessary to cover the claying insulation, slag, etc., and in this case it should not be forgotten about which way there will be a slope for water drain.

The insulation is leveled, and a cement screed is performed, 2-3 cm thick. This is necessary in order to avoid random roof damage during snow removal. When the screed grabbies, it should be treated with bitumen primer, and then start sticking the rolled carpet.

The length of the roof is the distance between the points of the supporting beams. It defines the complexity of the future design. Than this parameter is higher, the harder it is to build a reliable design. If this value exceeds 6 meters, the construction of the roof of the house should be made by professionals.

While the distance between the walls is less than 6 meters in the roles of the beams can be used a wooden timing with a cross section of 10x15 cm or a metal beam, for example, a dual-level one. In this case, the distance between the elements of the structures needs to be chosen so that it is less than 1 meter.

For heated premises, the question of the insulation of the roof is far from idle, so we also consider it below.

Reinforced concrete roof

An alternative to the wooden base and filling with clay is reinforced concrete. Oddly enough, this material is quite attractive and to create a flat roof. In this case, most of the load falls on foreign beams.

The roof frame is not necessary in this case. In fact, it will be, but somewhat not like that, as in the case of wood structures. The reinforced concrete plate involves the use of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, which increase the stability of concrete to bending and damage.

If the roof is less than 5 meters, then the beams are used to 15 cm. No less important and brand of concrete, since there are many and each intended to perform certain operations. If the roof is not exploited with the exception of rare cases of removal of snow or repair, then you can choose a M250 concrete brand, which can be ordered or cooking.

Select the method of obtaining concrete can be possible only after its volume is calculated. If less than 5 m3 of the mixture is required, it will be necessary to work hard to find a company delivering a commodity concrete in small concrete mixers. If there is no such organization in your city, you will have to do all the work yourself.

When a flat roof is created with their own hands from concrete, you need to order crushed stone, sand and cement, as well as provide pure water. The preparation of the solution can be carried out by anything, but the most reliable method involving the use of a concrete mixer. The recipe for such a composition may vary vary depending on the brand of the cement used, so we will not lead it. For cement PC 400, the quantitative ratio of: P: C: 8: 4: 3. Two parts are added here here.

Formwork is made of boards. They are laid out along the lower shelves of foreign beams back to each other, after which there comes a turn of the rubberoid. The next stage of work is the installation of reinforcement, which should be located along and across the beams. It is best to use steel rods with a diameter of at least 10 mm. For the specified roof parameters, the pitch of the reinforcement grid must be selected about 20 cm.

In the process of filling concrete, reinforcement elements can shift, so they are fixed reliably. For this purpose, a special steel wire is suitable for this purpose, however, a welded connection can be applied.

The correct installation of a flat roof should be made with lining under the lower parts of the reinforcement frame of small pebbles, which can be taken from that rubble, which went to cook concrete. This will allow the mixture to completely surround steel bar, protecting them from possible corrosion.

The pouring of concrete itself can be made in various ways, but in the perfect situation, the procedure must be performed continuously until the entire surface of the future roof is covered with a mixture. The laid composition must be sealing, for which the vibrator is perfect. Using vibrotambovka needs to be made carefully, because the homemade design at this stage has a not too large safety margin.

Working with concrete is best done in dry and warm weather, because the cold does not like this mixture. Of course, you can order a special concrete that will feel well in any conditions, but it will be more expensive. The heat for concrete is less dangerous than cold, but also requires the implementation of certain measures aimed at protecting the composition. The complexity in this case is that water evaporates from concrete, which means that the process of cement hydration is beginning to slow down, which will lead to weakening the material. To avoid this, the surface of the fill is closed by a polyethylene film, and in the case of severe heat, it is even moistened to compensate for the loss of water.

Roof insulation

The construction of the roof of the house is carried out with the performance of mandatory heat insulation, as this significantly reduces heat loss through the roof. A feature of this type of construction is that they can be insulated not only from the inside, but also outside. First of all, it is necessary to perform precisely outer insulation, since the internal can already be done during the operation of the construction.

Today, almost everywhere refuses hard heat insulating plates, choosing mineral wool. Such insulation are distinguished by low thermal conductivity and can boast a very low weight. The second feature of this material is non-encroaching, which has become the reason for increasing demand for it. On the role of the internal insulation, it is still better to choose the plates. Polystyrene foam is good to cope with this task. Its installation is made on wooden strips, which are located every 30-40 cm. The plates themselves are glued with mastic or special glue.

Final stroke

The final stage of work implies the performance of waterproofing. It is advisable to use a special rolled material intended for laying the upper layer. Typically, such sheets have a special spript that protects against accidental damage and exposure to UV radiation.

The panels themselves are settled for the flange, and for the inner layers, it is 7 cm, and for external 10 cm. These figures are given for those types of roofs, the slope of which is more than 5%.

Each new layer is worth putting so that the lower seams are located closer to the middle of the sheets of the roll material. Laying of all bands should be made in the same direction.

In the case when the cloth shifts during the installation process, it must be triggered to return to the place without dug. If this operation fails, the problem fragment is cut off, and is re-glued. Installation of layers can be carried out in different ways, but if it is planned to use mastic, the time interval between laying adjacent layers should be at least 12 hours.

Above, we looked at several ways to create a flat roof with your own hands. They are quite simple, so they can be taken to armared by a non-specialist, but it must be remembered that when performing such works it is better to obtain a consultation of a professional, as he will see the errors that you left without attention.