Story on the topic today in the yard. Work-description of the courtyard "My yard. Soil, vegetable and animal world

My native courtyard is the courtyard of a multi-storey house. It is medium in size and pretty cozy. In our house nine floors and four frontal. As you can see, there are many people in it. Therefore, in the yard there is everything so that you can get out of the apartment outside and with amenities to breathe fresh

Air. And to play children.

In the courtyard installed shops where you can sit. More on the asphalted platform they put cars. But in our yard there are no cars, because there are no garages in some other yards.

On that part of the yard, which is not covered with asphalt, trees and bushes are planted. It is nice to relax in the tank in a hot summer. Also a dock with the help of older women from our house broke the flower beds with garden flowers. There, depending on the time of year, flower petunia, clematis, asters, peonies and other flowers.

In our yard growing walnut, and in the fall under this tree everything is not too lazy to collect nuts. BUT

There is still a rowan, where birds feed in winter.

A small playground with a slide, swing and sandbox arranged in the courtyard. Here are kids. Near the benches are followed by moms and grandmothers. In the courtyard there was a table, which played in Domino pensioners, and late in the evening youth gnawing seeds. Well, and knocking for carpets - another detail of our yard.

Our courtyard is cozy, everyone finds a place in it. A couple of homeless cats always lives in the bushes. They feed their grandmothers, and therefore they will walk toward each who live in our yard.

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Nearby enterprises and other objects:

Outside mediocre proximity, only JSC " Name them. Chkalov»4 grade hazard.

In accordance with the direction of the winds, the eastern part of the city, and the eastern part of the Dzerzhinsky district is strongly influenced by the influence of polluted air masses with industrial enterprises of the area.

In the immediate vicinity there is a water-made Kamenka, and Pkio "Dzerzhinsky". The condition of the water branch of the Kamenka is estimated by 2 quality class, unlike the Kamenka River with a quality class 5. The Dzerzhinsky pkio is in a dilapidated state. There is no function of the park. Buildings are destroyed. Cleaning the territory is not produced.

Characteristics of the territory of the yard, manor

The house was built in the early 20th century. The size of the estate of 600 square meters. meters. There are plants on the territory: spruce, currants, raspberries and others. Natural soils, moisturized. Applied fertilizers nitrogen-containing, mostly nitrate. The territory is not wiping, under parking cars and the baton of dogs is not used.

Characteristic building

The building is built from larch, has an area of \u200b\u200b125 square meters. m. And one floor buildings. There are no organizations in the house. 4 people live in the house, all the premises are decorated with Eurovale, in the house there are 3 decorative palm trees and 3 cats live.

The house is connected to centralized water supply, the average water consumption per person ?????? , water metering devices are not installed. Water is used in household needs, in summer the time also for watering. Stocks are displayed in the repository with subsequent export. Water is paid in the amount of 150 rubles in winter time, and in the amount of 500 rubles in the summer. No faulty plumbing.

Use of electricity:

The average electricity consumption is 500 kilowatt, at a price of 1500 rubles per month. In the house of electrical appliances, there is: PC, LCD TV, microwave oven, 2 iron, 2 kettles, refrigerator, 3 tablet pcs, food processor, blender, steamer, sewing machine, coffee maker, 2 oily heaters, 2 laptops, netbook, Cumulative water heaters, total number of luminaires with incandescent lamps 16. Electricity is saved.

Gas supply is absent.

Heating:

The main source of heat: solid fuel (pellets). Heating type: boiler, electric. The room is well insulated for winter time. The room temperature is adjustable to manual. There is no metering of thermal energy. Over winter, about 40,000 rubles is spent on heating.

Waste - "trash can" of my family:

On a day, 1 bucket of waste is thrown out, in the summer. 2. Food waste prevail in total, waste is exported to urban landfills with public services. In the household waste is not used.

Chemical substances:

Household chemicals, overdue medicines and chemicals are used in the house. The means are disposed of in accordance with the state. standards. With the rules of the use of Chem. Means always mean before applying. The most dangerous substances in the economy of acid and chlorine-containing.

Characteristics of the territory of the yard

common data

I live in a private two-story house built of wood. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is 1000 sq.m. Previously, there was a lake on the spot of my house, so raw and fertile soil on our site.

Soil, vegetable and animal world

The soil is a natural clay, moisturized, for growing crops (used by humus and chernozem) there is a small garden, garden potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, a variety of annual flowers. One fourth sand area from the banks of the Vilyui River, brought so much in the spring so much dirt.

From the plants in my yard, you can meet dandelions, nettle, wormwood in large quantities, also grows the grass - moc. And the kasatar or in common "Iris". Their large number. All my yard in summer in a thick and green, high in the grass grass, only in the front of the courtyard, where most of all we go, the earth is drowning, the sand is ridiculous, the grass is not growing there. On the territory, almost every house on my street trees grow, mostly birch and pine. My plot is not an exception. Two big birch and pine are growing.

The dog walks on the territory. For this, a certain place is assigned.

Characteristic building

Characteristic at home

Total area of \u200b\u200bhouse -99.6 sq.m, living -57 sq. M., Auxiliary - 42.6 sq.m. Floor-2. 3 people live in the house. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 29, 2005 No. 541 establishes a federal standard of social norm of the area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises in the amount of 18 square meters. Meters of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing for 1 citizen. For 3 people - 54 sq.m. Accordingly, social standards in the size of housing are performed.

The house was built in 1998. As needed to repair

My home is built from a bar (larch). Compared to concrete and brick houses, houses from wood have a lot of advantages. One of the important properties of wood is the ability to update air indoors, as well as maintain optimal humidity, preventing dampness in the house. Also, the tree is an excellent heat insulator. It is not surprising that time immemorial in Russia, known for its strong frosts, was built at home from a tree, which not only retains, but also concentrates heat. Speaking about the mechanical properties of wood, it is worth noting that the tree is easily processed.

From the inside the floor and the ceiling are covered with varnish, the walls are not processed, also used acrylic paint. The use of varnishes, paints and linoleum leads to a 10-fold exceeding the level of maximum permissible concentration of phenol. It is especially dangerous to use in the room of varnishes and paints, intended only for external work allowed for use in the open air. Possible consequences: kidney damage, liver, change of blood composition.

In the kitchen on the floor was lined with linoleum. Nitrolinoleum, Relin, Linoleum on PVC based is especially dangerous.

Polyvinyl chloride easily penetrates through the skin and has a harmful effect on blood and liver. Vinyl tiles and linoleums emit toxic gases into the air, fetolat is isolated. They are used in floor coatings to add flexibility and elasticity and stand out when contact with liquid. During the period of operation of this material in the air, an average of 15-20 g of phthiats is coming. These toxic substances negatively affect the reproductive function of the human body.

Linoleum is a rather complicated compound consisting of almost 10 components. The binder in it is a plasticizer, which gives various separation into the air. But today the production technology is such that these allocations are very insignificant and completely not dangerous for a person. Mastics for which linoleum glue can be more dangerous.

As for the smells, it is distinguished by polymer materials, thanks to which the durability and beauty of linoleum is ensured. Severe two types of linoleum

1. Natural linoleum. Natural linoleum is made of natural components, linseed oil, tree crumbs, natural resin, jute fabric, pigments. Therefore, natural linoleum is considered an environmentally friendly material. Natural linoleum is resistant to external influence, it is wearless and completely successfully replace the usual polymer coating. All that distinguishes it from polymer linoleum, this is a high price and complex laying.

2. Polymer linoleum

The main danger to human health is toxic resins, which are used in the production of linoleum. Even in the finished product, they can stand out into the atmosphere and are dangerous. PVC - highlights, at normal room temperature, and, especially with sunlight, volatile and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, hydrogen chloride and outsiders. Also, a phenol formaldehyde is found in the linoleum, which causes harm to respiratory authorities, causes nausea, headaches and can cause the development of malignant neoplasms. In the manufacture of such a linoleum instead of natural ingredients, foamed polyvinyl chloride is used, generated in the oil industry.

The use of linoleum, especially cheap, is fraught with the fact that for a long time you will breathe benzene, ethylbenzene, which can cause cancer, blood disease. Such substances such as xylene and toluene are distinguished - in large concentrations, they also lead to blood diseases, lungs and skin, affix the mucous membranes. As a result, you can feel a thread in the eyes, a throat, unprepaid headache, allergic manifestations.

In addition, the harmfulness of the linoleum increases when heated - in the heated season.

Wooden windows. Are an indispensable attribute of environmentally friendly housing. Unlike plastic, the tree has the ability to "breathe", that is, passing the air through the micropores, thus providing its continuous circulation.

There are no doors between the rooms, only the entrance, it is the parade door (made of wood).

Any owner of a country residence understands that the arrangement of a private territory does not end in the construction and decoration of the residential building. Creating a modern courtyard design of a private house is an integral stage on the way to decoration and organization not only a beautiful, but also functional territory.

In order for all the work on the extraction of the local area to be harmoniously and correctly, and the end result could only please their owners, neighbors and guests, to planning should be approached very thoughtfully and seriously.

Stage planning

The beautiful courtyard located around the house is the first thing that falls the eyes of anyone who falls into the territory. It is on its arrangement and appearance that the owners themselves are evaluated, their taste and aesthetic views.

Getting Started with landscaped work on the site, you should first answer a number of questions from which it will depend on how the result will result. Will the preference of the practical component be preferred, or the goal is to create a beautiful image.

Does the family have small kids for which the game territory is needed, or the owners prefer noisy gatherings by a fire with kebabs. All these moments are important when organizing the territorial space.

The design of the courtyard of a private house will also depend on its size. If the area is large, it is possible to limit here only by your own fantasy and money. If there is only a small back courtyard, then practicality and ergonomics are placed in the chapter.

After priorities are arranged, the plan should be drawn up on which all the necessary segments, communication systems, lighting and decorative compositions will be marked. It is the gasket of communications and arrangement of artificial reservoirs is the initial stage of work on landscape design.

Road organization

Tracks running around the entire area are an integral part of the design. Their main task is to safely move around the territory, as well as zoning and decoration.

Various materials can be raw materials for layouts: stone flat elements, plates, brickwork, small gravel or pebbles. It is advisable to organize low borders who will be an additional security tool.

Passages can have a clear geometry, and can play and plant and planting and planting. Here the selection depends on the taste preferences of the site owners.

Flower flower beds

Fit clubs in the courtyard of a private house you can create a magic fairytale atmosphere. Such plants will become the main decoracing of any land.

Making a flowerbed, one rule should be taken into account: the varieties of plants are selected so that the period of flowering is alternated. The result is a bright flower arrangement that can "delight eyes" all year round.

Water Organization

Thinking on the topic, how to decorate the courtyard, many come to the conclusion that the construction of a water branch is the best idea. Water, according to Japanese masters, is a symbol of life and harmony. Indeed, the falling cascades of waterfalls and smooth races with fish look at the homeland plot fascinating.

To organize its own reservoir, it is better to take advantage of the services of professional organizations that will hold all the necessary studies of the soil composition, the communications will put, in accordance with all the rules, the fountain or cascade will be co-worn.

Lighting the territory

Properly organized lighting throughout the countryside is a security deposit. First of all, it is necessary to consider the functional component: the backlight of the facade part of the house, entry / departure, all passing tracks, steps and recreation places.

Then you can consider the organization of decor-lighting systems. You can highlight flowerbeds, sculptures, reservoirs. Sparkling dotted lamps are quite fabulously looking at the surface of the Earth, creating the illusion of scattered stars, as in the photo of a beautiful courtyard of a private house.

Rest zone

The organization of the cozy platform for relaxing outdoor activities with the ability to prepare dishes on fire is a priority in organizing a nice leisure.

Around the open source in the form of a fireplace or a furnace is equipped with a recreation area represented by comfortable garden furniture. Plants are used for decoration.

If the territory allows, it is advisable to construct a canopy in the courtyard of a private house, under which the furniture will be placed. Such a canopy will be able to protect in the summer from the annoying sunlight, and during the rain will not give to get into the rain.

Rear courtyard

Often suburban possessions are not equipped with a large local area. The place in front of the house is usually occupied by the parking area, and only the back of the yard is given to the arrangement of the recreation area.

To arrange a modern small courtyard of a private house, it is advisable to design a deck or a platform from wood, on which furniture will be placed.

Flowers with perennial plantings that will not only decorate the territory, but also become a kind of tool for shelter from prying views, I have along the fence.

Furniture equipment

Choosing garden furniture objects, you need to focus on cash equivalent and personal preferences. Stationary items are made of stone raw materials or massive wood. It is impossible to remove them, and the wooden items will have to be constantly maintained in proper condition.

The most popular are folding models made of plastic. Such items can be removed when they are not needed, and the care of them is minimal - it is enough to rub with a dust rag from dust.

Thanks to a large color assortment and possible constructive configurations, plastic furniture can be seamless to any landscape design stylist.

The cheaper analogue of wood furnishings are rattan products that have an expensive respectable look.

As elements for decorating a homeland territory, you can choose numerous figurines and figures, and if you wish and the availability of a large amount of free time, decorative elements can be made himself.

Stock Foto Courts of private house

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Department of Safety of Labor

Calculation and graphic work on the topic:

"Environmental assessment of his place of residence"

Performed:

Checked:

Student: Savelyev V.

Makarenko V.K.

Group: AVT-922

Faculty: autf

Novosibirsk 2012.

Conclusion

ecological housing transport

1. General characteristics of the place of residence

I live in the Soviet district of Krasnoyarsk. After graduating from school, I still temporarily live in the city of Novosibirsk (Leninsky District, Pondorokok). My work is devoted to my native city and the area. My house is located in the southeastern part of the district.

The city of Krasnoyarsk is one of the major cities of Russia with a developed infrastructure and opportunities for human and economic potential, industrial, administrative-territorial and transportation assembly. The population of the city on 01.01.2010 amounted to 963.2 thousand people. The city is located on both shores r. Yenisei, on average its flow at the junction of three geomorphological areas: valleys of p. Yenisei, a plateau adjacent to the valley of the river and the foothills of East Sayan.

Soviet district is the largest in size and number of residents of residents. It is also located on its outskirts of Krasnoyarsk's largest plants: metallurgical (KRAMZ) and aluminum (KRAZ). On the territory of the Soviet district there are areas of mass housing construction: residential areas of the North and airport. In older microdistricts, the residential fund is a knitting and home planning houses. Building new areas is conducted by the houses of the 111-97 series and monolithic brick houses. The residential foundation is completely diverse and is represented by houses from wooden to brick.

The state of the yard is average. Many trees were spawned because of the danger of their fall under the action of wind, and new landings do not survive. Basically because of the human factor. Also, the wind often blows garbage from local garbage containers directly to the courtyard. The landing and purity of the air negatively affects a large number of parked cars.

My home is a panel structure, 10 floors and 4 entrances. The apartment is located on the 7th floor, the elevator is. Half of the windows goes to the courtyard, between the avenue of metallurgists and the house there is a small section of trees. The state of the entrance is below average, since the tenants violate its purity.

The biggest problem that concerns me and my district is emissions from road transport and industry.

Now we give some statistics from past years to assess the ecological situation more specifically. In 2008, 122.76 thousand tons of pollutants were thrown into the atmosphere of the city by motor vehicles, which amounted to 44% of the total emissions in the city. In 2009, the usual increase in emissions from mobile sources of pollution was not expected and was not actually confirmed. The volume of emissions from motor vehicles amounted to 122.13 thousand tons and even decreased by 0.63 thousand tons. Against the background of decline in stationary emissions, the proportion of emissions from mobile sources of pollution increased somewhat and amounted to 45.0% of the total amount of emissions in the city. Specialists of Rospotrebnadzor noted that the share of industrial enterprises in the pollution of the atmosphere on the total number of emissions of stationary sources in 2007 amounted to 81.1%, which is lower than the indicators of 2006 - 92.7%.

We give some information about the fact that the city authorities did to change the environmental situation in the city. The Council of the Region Administration approved the target program "Environmental Protection in the Krasnoyarsk Territory for 2008-2010" with the amount of financing in the amount of 453 million rubles. Its main purpose is called "the preservation of the environment and ensuring the environmental safety of the region's population." However, experts argue that the level of pollution of the atmosphere in almost all territories of the region is characterized as "high" and "very high". Also, the administration of the city of Krasnoyarsk conducts targeted work to eliminate the inconveniences caused by the operation of motor vehicles. Active work is underway to create new parking spaces and a reduction in noise load. The maintenance and development of electric transport is ensured, the construction of new roads, the reconstruction of the road economy, transport junctions, pedestrian transitions is being carried out, the region of the trafficial regulation of the transport flow according to the Green Wave principle is expanding.

However, in my area, the environmental situation for 3 years, which I study in Novosibirsk has not improved.

2. Ways and ways to solve the problem under consideration

Since the main part of the deterioration of life in my area is automobile transport, we describe the main ways to reduce environmental damage from transport:

1) optimization of the movement of urban transport;

2) the development of alternative energy sources;

3) creation (modification) of engines using alternative fuels;

4) noise protection;

5) Economic initiatives to manage the automotive park and movement.

These are the main ways, but there are also many other ways, for example, in the UK, the law approved that in the center of London on some streets can be ride only on bicycles.

Conclusion

Make the environment is a favorable theoretically not difficult. All methods have long been known and obvious. But require huge cash infants. It is because of the financial factor, my family lives in an environment that does not satisfy completely all environmental requirements.

Posted on Allbest.ru.

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Story on the topic today in the yard. Work-description of the courtyard "My yard. Soil, vegetable and animal world

Works on topics:

Characteristics of the territory of the yard, manor

Characteristic building

Characteristics of the territory of the yard

common data

Soil, vegetable and animal world

Characteristic building

Characteristic at home

Stage planning

Road organization

Flower flower beds

Water Organization

Lighting the territory

Rest zone

Rear courtyard

Furniture equipment

Stock Foto Courts of private house

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

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