Types of storm sewers. Installation and laying of storm sewers on the territory of a private house. The auxiliary elements include all the necessary materials that will be needed during the installation and arrangement of the sewage system

Striving for the best by nature is inherent in everyone. We wish to walk on clean sidewalks, walk in parks and alleys without puddles, and, of course, have a beautiful and well-groomed area near the house. All this requires a new, European approach to the development of the territory. The leading role in this issue is played by high-quality and modern drainage systems and rainwater drainage systems.

Rainwater drain(also known as storm sewer or stormwater) is a complex engineering system designed to organize the drainage of rain and melt water outside urban areas or areas. Simply put, rain and melt water is discharged through storm sewer networks with outlets to a collector, water bodies or roadside ditches. Drainage sewers are designed to collect and drain groundwater. Usually, drainage and storm sewers are laid in parallel and at the same angle.

Modern system storm sewer consists of a number of interrelated and complementary elements and includes:

• storm trays (channels, gutters);
• sand traps;
• storm water inlets (storm water wells);
• sewer pipes;
• collector;
• inspection wells.

Rainwater drainage must be designed as an integrated system of utilities and the organization of a complete and rapid drainage of surface runoff directly depends on the quality of its construction. The most polluted storm water (generated at gas stations, industrial plants, etc.) must be cleaned.

When developing projects for a stormwater system, many factors are taken into account:

• analysis of the balance of water consumption and wastewater disposal;
• rainwater runoff costs (intensity and amount of precipitation);
• drainage area;
• the estimated duration of the flow of rainwater over the surface and pipes up to the design section;
• terrain and many other circumstances.

The optimal option should be determined by the smallest value of the reduced costs, taking into account the reduction in labor costs, consumption of material resources, electricity and fuel, as well as based on sanitary and hygienic and economic requirements.

To reduce the length of the rainwater drainage pipelines, the possibility of draining water through drainage trays is used as much as possible. The surface drainage system is really effective, and most importantly, economical.

With a surface drainage system along the extreme strip of the roadway of the street or sidewalk, entrances to the building, from the upland side of the greened areas, drainage trays are arranged for storm sewers.

In low places, at crossroads, near buildings under drainpipes, point water collectors are located - storm water inlets. Through pipes, the storm water inlets are connected to the rainwater drainage system. It is also allowed to connect drainage pipelines to the storm water inlet.

To prevent siltation of trays, sand traps (at least 2) are built into the storm sewer system.

In the places where the canals are connected to the closed network, storm inlet wells with a settling part are built in.

With modern, constructively thought-out materials Standardpark, the construction and maintenance of storm drains is greatly simplified. Outdoor structures are incomparably easier to clean or replace.

Standartpark offers trays (channels), storm inlets and protective grilles made of materials that are resistant to changing temperatures, exposure to air, microorganisms, moisture, weak acids and alkalis, and have sufficient mechanical strength.

Also in our assortment you will find a special storm water inlet. It is used on highways, highways and sidewalks as a replacement for DB type drainage wells. A feature of the storm inlet-curb is the combination of the functions of 3 elements of road construction: a hatch, a curb and a storm grate.

The products of Standartpark company comply with all engineering and technical conditions of a high-quality drainage sewerage system, without sediment accumulation, erosion of the channel section, and are also simple and convenient to operate when cleaning and repairing canals.

The use of surface drainage systems from Standardpark contributes to:

• reducing the cost of storm sewers;
• release from excess water, as a result of which the road surface does not deteriorate and its service life is extended;
• prevents wetting of foundations, blind areas, soil erosion;
• prevents the accumulation of rain and melt water in puddles, which improves the aesthetic appearance of areas.

Rainwater is sometimes a very valuable natural resource to be scattered left and right. Therefore, modern storm sewers are becoming more and more complex, and are often equipped with special elements designed not only to minimize the negative effects of rainfall, but also to effectively collect water.

Classic storm sewer device

The basis of the stormwater drainage system is the water direction and distribution system. In a simplified version, storm sewer includes the following elements:

• Pipe. Most often, it is laid in the ground and covered with a layer of turf, concrete or a hard surface of asphalt and paving slabs;
• Drainage channels or flumes. The most important element of storm sewers, the effective removal of water from the surface of the footpath or the area at the front door depends on the correct location of the drainage tank;
• Filtering and distribution elements. Their participation in the work of storm sewers is imperceptible, and most people are not even aware of their existence, but they are important for the normal operation of the entire system.

Important! Rainwater drainage not only and not so much helps to effectively drain water, but above all, provides protection of the soil and foundation from oversaturation with water.

The main elements of storm sewers

All elements of the storm sewer are equally important for the effective drainage of water from the surface of the site. Failure or abnormal operation of any of the above elements can reduce the throughput of the sewer system to a minimum.

Device for receiving storm water streams

Storm inlets or, more correctly, water inlets and gutters for storm sewers, gutters used to collect water flows on the surface of the earth, are the most vulnerable to mechanical stress from feet, wheels, vehicles, even icicles and freezing ice. Water inlets are most often made in the form of a rectangular or cylindrical box made of plastic or fiberglass reinforcement.

They are installed directly below the drain hole of the downpipe and serve to receive the flow of rainwater collected by the drainage system. The inlet is always covered with a metal or fiberglass grill. An opening is made in the side wall, where the drain pipeline is connected. In some structures of the water intake, an additional element is provided for filtering large parts of debris, tree branches, chips, small pebbles. This element retains sand and small particles of dirt poorly. Often even experts are confused and believe that this is a storm sewer trap.

Storm water inlets for storm sewers should provide shock-free water flow without splashing, even if part of the receiving device is covered with foliage or pieces of ice. The state of part of the foundation and the wall of the house depends on the efficiency of this element of the storm sewer.

In addition to water intakes, rainwater drainage trays, or gutters, are engaged in collecting water. Most often they are installed along paved footpaths. Areas and paths paved with paving slabs are especially sensitive to excess water. Incorrect or ineffective work leads to swelling of the masonry due to the frozen water in the sand bed.

Storm sewers are long plastic gutters laid directly on a sand bed in the ground and covered with a protective cover with holes on top. A prerequisite for laying the trays is the observance of the drain slope in the direction of the receiving pipe. In some cases, storm sewer gutters stop working effectively if people step on the installed gutters or vehicles run over. To avoid this, a border of stone or tiles is laid out on the sides of the tray.

The lining can be plastic or lattice, but the latter option is used less often due to its poor ability to retain large debris and dirt entering the sewer system.

In addition to trough systems, point water intakes are also used in rainwater collection systems. These elements are designed for the collection of rainwater over a certain area, where it is impossible to install gutters or trays. Most often, this is a concreted area, on the surface of which there are slopes and a mesh of profiled grooves for water drainage.

A separate element in rainwater collection systems is a receiving box or pallet, which is installed directly in front of the front door to the house. Such a device is used to catch rain and storm water entering the porch entrance area. By design, the pallet corresponds to the storm inlet device, but differs in size.

Prefabricated, distribution and filter elements

All drainage elements of rainwater collection systems direct flows through pipes to the places of its collection, sedimentation, filtration and, if necessary, discharge into the central rainwater drainage system. Today, the use of PVC or polypropylene corrugated pipes is considered standard. The diameter of the pipeline, depending on the load, can vary from 100 to 200 mm. This version of the pipe has great flexibility, resistance to frost, clogging, perfectly tolerates any subsidence or movement of the soil without destruction.

In addition to polymer pipes, asbestos-cement pipes are used. They are highly resistant, but currently their use is limited due to the presence of asbestos fibers in their material. Cast iron, steel, ceramic pipes are practically not used due to the high price.

An indispensable element of modern rainwater harvesting systems is a sand trap, which frees water from the smallest particles of sand, dust and dirt. In essence, this design is a large container in which rainwater is settled and separated into sediment and clean water. The design provides for the ability to remove sediment and dirt. Vortex sand traps are less commonly used, in which grains of sand and the smallest gravel are separated from the storm flow when passing through the annular chamber.

In some cases, in addition to the sand trap, a filter can be installed to separate oil products, oils, heavy organic substances insoluble in water. Usually, such elements are a mandatory attribute of storm sewers of gas stations, parking lots, auto repair shops and for domestic purposes they are rarely used.

The most expensive and dimensional element of rainwater harvesting systems is considered to be a distribution well. This device is a barrel-shaped container to which pipelines from drainage devices in a certain area are connected. Depending on the size of the plot, 2-3 distribution wells can be installed in one household. This element is buried in the ground so that the water column in the tank is at a lower level than the pipelines connected to it. In this case, the collected water will not flow from the well back into the storm sewer.

One of the essential communications in a private house is a storm sewer. It is needed to drain rainwater away from the foundation, paths and plantings that are sensitive to waterlogging. This not only protects the property, but also adds comfort to the homeowner.

The problem of snow melting in spring is almost completely solved by snow removal, however, in this case, a storm drain will be useful, because no one knows how punctual your neighbor is in this regard.

Design features

Depending on the size and characteristics of the site, the complexity of the structure can vary from elementary to a very complex engineering structure, but any rainfall consists of three main elements:

• Roof and ground water intakes that drain water from nearby surfaces.
• Pipes and channels through which water flows to specially designated places.
• Collectors or headers where water is collected with the possibility of reuse or discharge to third-party drainage systems.

At the design stage, a number of factors should be taken into account that will determine the type, method of laying drainage systems, material of manufacture and other parameters of the storm sewer device.

In particular, the area of ​​paved surfaces, soil structure, relief and other indicators are of importance.

Point scheme

With this approach, water is collected at specific points and involves drainage through underground pipes. Suitable for areas with a large number of surfaces with poor water permeability - concrete, asphalt, hard soils.

Any private house is constantly exposed to atmospheric precipitation. If, in addition, the soil on the site has an admixture of clay, then the constantly sour soil and puddles standing in the yard will not give your home aesthetics. A storm sewer in a private house is able to cope with the problem of drainage of rainwater. It is quite possible to build it yourself, at the beginning of building a house. Or to lay purposefully, near an already built house, if such work was not carried out in due time.

The main purpose of stormwater in a private house is to collect and then drain melt and rainwater from the house and from the site to special catchment devices, into water bodies, into a deep drainage system, outside the site or into a general sewer system. In addition to collection, a properly installed storm drain in a private house with its own hands is able to cleanse the water that has got into it from impurities and sand. The water leaving the system is clean enough and does not pollute the surrounding areas.

Being a device for surface drainage, the storm drain protects the buildings on the site from movement and destruction. If the soil on the site is constantly wet, then the impact on the foundation of multidirectional skew vectors will affect its strength. As a result of this, subsidence, tilt of the house, and the appearance of cracks on its walls are possible.

Main components of the system

The device of a storm sewer in a private house assumes the presence of the following elements in its composition:

• on the surface or closed ducts located underground. They are installed taking into account the slope towards the catchment areas. Through them, water enters the reservoirs or is discharged directly outside the site.
• storm water inlets... They are designed to collect water flowing down from the roofs of buildings. The most suitable places for their installation are under the downpipes. Storm water inlets are made of plastic or polymer concrete in the form of rectangular containers of various volumes and are equipped with a basket for collecting various debris that falls along with the water. From them, water flows through a system of canals into water reservoirs;
• door pallets;
• inspection wells... They are intended for routine inspections and cleaning of channels and pipelines in case of clogging. As a rule, they are equipped at the junctions of the canals and in the places of their intersection, since it is in these places that the risk of clogging of the canals is most likely;
• serve to collect solid particles in the water entering through the channels. Installed on surface storm drains;
• collector well designed for collection and subsequent filtration of water into the soil.

Types of storm sewers

Rainfall in a private house can be linear, point, and also mixed. Each of these types differs in its structure and purpose.

Linear (open type) sewerage

This system is easy to manufacture and quite effective. It is a network of surface metal, concrete or. Water enters these channels through drain pipes, heading to the general sewage system or special tanks. From above, the gutters are covered with gratings that protect them from debris, and also perform decorative functions. The individual gutters are joined together with a sealant to prevent water from entering between the joints.

Read also: and its characteristics.

Such a storm sewer in a country house or in a country house has a greater coverage; water is collected in it from paths, sidewalks, various sites, and not only from roofs.

Tip: When a do-it-yourself open-type storm sewer is being laid, the slope of all gutters must be taken into account. Otherwise, despite the presence of surface channels, water will not flow through them, but will cover the entire area, without having time to go into the catchment areas.

Point (closed type) sewerage

If the choice fell on a storm sewer scheme in a point-type private house, then all water intake pipelines should be located underground. Water flowing down pipes from roofs enters storm water inlets closed with grates, and from them into underground canals. Through them, water is diverted to the places intended for it or simply drained outside the boundaries of the site.

Tip: Since the laying of underground utilities presents difficulties in design and construction, its arrangement should be carried out only at the stages of developing projects for the house itself. Later, it will be almost impossible to do such work.

Mixed sewerage

This type of sewage is used in cases where it is necessary to save on labor or financial costs. This system can include both open-type elements and components of a point sewerage system.

Calculating volume, depth and slope

If you want your house and plot to be reliably protected from flooding, silting and streams of dirty rainwater, you need to correctly calculate and lay down the storm sewer in the project. The main calculation of storm sewers is to ensure that all water entering the territory equipped with storm drains leaves without a trace in the places assigned to it and is regulated by SNiP 2.04.03-85.

Calculation of the depth of the channel

If the cross-section of underground pipelines does not exceed 0.5 m, then they are buried to a level of 30 cm.With large channel diameters, the depth of the storm sewer in a private house increases up to 70 cm.

If the site has already been laid, then the storm sewer in a private house is located above this system.

Tip: It is recommended to deepen all elements to the level of freezing of the soil, but in practice, you can place them closer to the surface, providing them with insulation by backfilling a layer of rubble and laying geotextiles. This will reduce the cost and labor intensity of earthworks.

Calculation of the volume of wastewater discharged from the site

To calculate the volume of effluents, you must be guided by the following formula: Q = q20 x F x ¥, where:

• Q is the volume that needs to be taken away from the site;
• q20 is the amount of precipitation. These data can be obtained from the meteorological service or taken in the same SNiP 2.04.03-85;
• F is the area from which water will be discharged. With a point system, the projection of the roof area onto a horizontal plane is taken. In the case of linear system equipment, all areas involved in wastewater disposal are taken into account;
• ¥ - coefficient that takes into account the coating material with which the site is equipped or the house is covered:

- 0.4 - crushed stone or gravel;

- 0.85 - concrete;

- 0.95 - asphalt;

- 1 - roof.

Calculation of the required slope of the channels

A properly selected slope guarantees the free flow of water through pipelines under the influence of physical laws. The required slope of the storm sewer is determined depending on the diameter of the pipes used. If the pipes have a diameter of 20 cm, then a factor of 0.007 is taken into account. That is, 7 mm per running meter of pipe. With a diameter of 15 cm, the coefficient will be 0.008.

The slope of the channels in an open system ranges from 0.003 to 0.005 (this is 3-5 mm). But the pipes connected to storm water inlets and storm wells should have a slope of 2 cm for each linear meter.

Installation of stormwater

Before starting work, you must make sure that the house is equipped with water collection and drainage systems (downpipes, risers and gutters).

There are many reasons why a house has to be built on an area with high groundwater. But the consequence is always the same - if you do not equip protection against flooding, then every spring water will arrive at the site, erode the soil, foundation and basement of the house.

A properly installed drainage system and storm sewer will help to solve the problem. If you know about the level of groundwater even at the stage of buying a plot, then it is most profitable to plan the arrangement of drainage and storm water drainage along with the construction of the house itself. In such cases, you can save money and make storm water and drainage in the same trench.

By conducting storm and drainage sewers even at the construction stage, you can get rid of many problems in the future Source pro-remont.org

What are drainage and storm sewers for?

The main task of the "storm drain" (ie the storm system) is to collect rainwater or melt water from the roof with the help of interconnected gutters and pipes. The stormwater drain consists of two parts - external (gutters under the roof) and underground (receivers and pipes that drain water from the house) In the part that is in the ground, water gets from the roof and blind area, and then it is removed from the site.

Drainage sewerage is needed in order to collect excess water from the ground, i.e. drain it. The main task of drainage is to prevent an increase in the level of groundwater, to prevent flooding of the site.

Since both systems provide for the removal of water into special accumulators, the combined scheme of drainage and storm drainage looks very attractive in terms of functionality and economy. The collected water can be used for technical purposes such as irrigation.

It is important!“In the same trench” does not mean that the same pipes are used for stormwater and drainage. Such a scheme is categorically prohibited for the reason that during seasonal increases in the amount of atmospheric precipitation, the stormwater is systematically overflowing. If the same pipe works as a drainage pipe, then at best the drainage will temporarily stop functioning.

Drainage and storm sewers: varieties of these systems and their features

The systems have completely different structures, of the similar elements only pipes and wells. Moreover, they differ not only in structure, but also in the method of installation.

Drainage sewerage (closed type)

It is located only underground, accordingly, it belongs to the closed type of sewer systems. The only features that are partially above the surface are wells.

There are several factors that determine whether a site needs a drainage system or not. It is done in such cases:

if the aquifer is located high enough on the site;

clay or loamy soil;

floods often occur in the area where the site is located;

a buried foundation is being set up;

the site is located in the lowlands.

If one of these conditions is met, then most likely, without drainage, there will be problems with flooding or high humidity in the basement and foundation.

The drainage system consists of the following elements:

Drains(drainage pipes for sewerage, made of geotextile and having perforations, through which water enters the drainage).

Sand traps(do not allow pipes to clog up with frequent ingress of silt and sand).

System drainage... Conducts water purified from silt and sand directly into drainage wells.

Several types wells.

After the wells, where the water is purified, it enters a common storage tank, and then either is used for personal needs or is discharged into the sewage system.

Materials from which drains are made:

Plastic... Long lasting, not very expensive, very strong and resistant to low temperatures.

This is what a plastic drainage intermediate well looks like. Source kostroma.moydom.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the design and installation of water supply and sewerage systems. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Asbestos cement... Cheap, but very short-lived - after a few years, build-ups may appear on asbestos-cement pipes.

Ceramics... Before the advent of plastic, ceramics were the best option.

Standards pipes:

SN 2-4 marking (depth up to 3 meters);

SN 6 marking and what goes above for depths up to 5 meters.

Video description

An example of arranging a drainage system is shown in the video:

Stormwater drainage device (open type)

"Stormwater" consists of two parts - upper and lower. The system includes:

gutters, into which water gets from the roof, and which lead it further;

funnels and vertical pipes... Water enters the funnels and then, through vertical pipes, it enters the lower part of the "storm drain";

clamps to strengthen pipes when they are connected;

tees and swivel elbows, which connect horizontal and vertical pipes to each other, a funnel can also be attached there;

wells.

The system is assembled as a designer, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the system, carefully fasten the parts and get a ready-made storm sewer.

The most commonly used gutters are materials:

galvanized iron;

• plastic (PVC).

What the storm drain will be made of is chosen depending on the structure of the house, its architecture and the material from which the roof is made. Can be completed with mesh and de-icing cable to prevent ice from blocking the water outlet in spring.

Arrangement of an anti-icing system on the roof of a house

For the manufacture of intermediate and main wells, the following materials are used:

Pvc(expensive but very effective option);

Brick and stone(durable, but must be properly assembled);

Reinforced concrete rings(difficult to install);

Their design is exactly the same as that of a closed drain.

Storm and drainage combination

The entire system is installed in one trench. The drainage and storm sewer scheme on the site is quite simple. Through the junction tee, water from the outside and from the inside (sediment and groundwater) will enter the drainage well.

Drainage pipes run throughout the site, collect water and then it is discharged into the wells, where it is pumped out of the site by a pump. In the “storm drain”, water is collected and discharged into the collector drain, after which, through the well mentioned above, it enters the main pipe system, which exists independently of the drain, but in one trench (perforation is not needed for the storm system). Through the system of main pipes, water enters the bypass well, in which, like in the drainage, it is pumped out by a pump.

Usually the main well is located at the lowest point of the site and water has to be pumped out of it with a pump Source dp32.ru

The connection of the stormwater and drainage systems is very beneficial, only a wide trench is required, all that is needed is to designate a place for a drainage line, in which water from both systems will go along different paths so that they are not overloaded.

Through the junction tee, water from the outside and from the inside (sediment and groundwater) will enter the drainage well.

The principle of operation of drainage and storm sewers

Storm sewage: point drainage. Point elements are necessary for collecting precipitation, be it rain, melted snow, melted hail. Water can be sent through the gutters to the drainage system, and then sent to special ditches with gratings, along which water will be removed from the site. It is very important when the building is located on a slope, since when choosing the correct angle, it will not be necessary to build additional gutters, but to drain water directly into the ditches.

With a linear drainage system, water is discharged through gutters, funnels into a special main system consisting of pipes that are suitable for drainage and storm sewers. Further along this main system, the effluents enter the collector, and then, depending on the project, the water can go into the storage tank, or maybe beyond the site.

With deep drainage, water from the rising groundwater, gradually, in separate parts, is discharged into the well, and from there it is pumped out by a pump and discharged. Such a system has 3 types:

Horizontal;

Vertical;

Wall mounted. If there is a basement or basement in the house, it is required to divert groundwater from them. Wall drainage is most effective - a moisture receiver is arranged near the walls, and the wall itself is carefully waterproofed.

Care and operating rules

Both systems require regular inspection and cleaning of silt, sand, clay and other debris. Seasonal inspections are required - late fall when the rainy season ends and late winter to make sure culverts are not compromised. Despite the various filters, sand traps and garbage nets, dirt still gets inside. They are found everywhere: in pipes, gutters and wells. In the absence of maintenance, the system will simply clog up and stop functioning.

Timely cleaning of the pipes of the drainage and storm drainage system in the country will avoid many problems Source dp32.ru

To clean the pipe, it is enough to turn on the pump at maximum power and drive ordinary water through the pipes from a hose, it will collect all the dirt and bring it to the well. Water can be poured into the gutters and it will also collect all the dirt and then go along vertical pipes. The stronger the pressure, the more dirt and debris will go away.

Already in the pump, all the water is pumped out with an even more powerful pump or a sludge pump, when all the water runs out, it will be necessary to clean the walls. Most often, this ends the flushing, but if the system has not been looked after for a long time, it so happens that you have to manually, with the help of a scraper, clean the walls and the bottom of the well. Therefore, regular cleaning is essential to keep both systems running smoothly.

Dual system installation rules

Competent installation of the combined system is necessarily carried out according to a pre-created project, which specifies the nuances related to linking to the site and synchronizing the operation of wells, so that both drainage and stormwater drainage work properly both in normal mode and during overload.

During installation, it is required to take into account the following nuances:

Arrangement of a drainage system is quite an expensive pleasure. If something goes wrong and after a few years the drainage stops working, then it will have to spend no less money on its restoration than on a new one, especially considering that you will have to "pick out" the landscape design. As a result, the arrangement of the drainage should be done by professionals.

During the flood period, each of the systems will be overloaded. Since they collect moisture from different sources, then drains must be laid separately for each system. This can be done in the same trench, but at different depths. The well for collecting water can be shared.

When digging trenches for drains, be sure to take into account that the bottom of the pit will be covered with rubble and sand. This means that if it is necessary to place the drain at a certain depth, the hole must be dug deeper to the thickness of the layers of sand and gravel.

The pit for the well of the drainage system must be deep enough Source besplatka.ua

Usually, water is collected in a storage tank (pit or reservoir), from where it is used for technical needs or pumped into reservoirs or simply away from the site. If perforated pipes are used for drainage, then the outlets are always solid. When combining them in one trench vertically, the perforated ones are laid from below, and the usual ones from above.

If the main pipes and drains are aligned horizontally in the trench, then they are laid in parallel, at a short distance from each other (so that if the main pipe is damaged, water from there does not enter the drainage system and overload it).

Video description

About the installation of the stormwater system and drainage in the following video:

Conclusion