When was the last leap year. What is a leap year

A leap year (Lat. Bis Sextus - "Second Six") - a year in Julian and Gregorian calendars, the duration of which is 366 days - on one day more than the duration of the usual, innocent year. In Julian calendar, the leap year is every fourth year, in the Greorian calendar of this rule there are exceptions.

Year is a conditional time measurement unit that historically meant a single cycle of seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In most countries, the calendar duration of the year is 365 or 366 days. Currently, the year is also used as the time characteristic of the conversion of planets around the stars in the planetary systems, in particular the land around the Sun.

The calendar year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars is equal to 365 days in innocent years, and 366 days in leap years. The average duration of the year is 365,2425 days for the Gregorian and 365.25 days for the Julian calendar.

The calendar year in the Islamic calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days - 12 lunar months. The average duration of the year is 354.37 days, which is less than the tropical year and therefore the Muslim holidays "roam" at the time of the year.

The calendar year in the Jewish calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days in a simple year and 383, 384 or 385 days in the leap year. The average duration of the year is 365,2468 days, which is close to the tropical year.

The duration of the tropical year (time between two spring equinons) is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. The difference in the duration of the tropical year and the Middle Julian calendar year (365.25 days) is 11 minutes 14 seconds. Of these 11 minutes and 14 seconds in approximately 128 years, one day is folded.

After the centuries, the displacement of the spring equinox day was noticed, with which church holidays are connected. By the XVI century, the spring equinox was approximately 10 days earlier than March 21, used to determine the Easter Day.

To compensate for the accumulated error and avoid such a displacement in the future, in 1582, Roman Pope Gregory XIII conducted a calendar reform. In order for the average calendar year to fit the sunny, it was decided to change the leap rule. As before, the leaf remained a year, the number of which is Cathedral four, but the exception was made for those who were more than 100. From now on, these years were leap-free only when they were still shared at 400.

In other words, the year is a leap in two cases: either he is Katten 4, but it is not a short-term 100, or Katten 400. The year is not a leap, if it is not damp 4, or it is Katten 100, but it does not have 400.

The last years of centuries ending with two zero, in three cases of four are not leaps. Thus, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not a leap, since they are 100 times more than 400 years old. Years 1600 and 2000 - leaps, as they are multiple 400. Years 2100, 2200 and 2300 - innocent. In the leapy years, an additional day is introduced - February 29. The Catholic world lives in the Julian calendar. Unlike Julian, the Gregorian calendar takes into account only one object - the sun.

Now we live in the Julian calendar (new style), before the revolution there were in the Gregorian (old style). The difference between the old and new styles was 11 days in the XVIII century, in the XIX century - 12 days, in the XX-XXI centuries - 13 days. In the XXII century, this difference will be 14 days. The Gregorian calendar was introduced under Soviet power from February 14, 1918 (after January 31, it was not already on February 1, but immediately 14th). The last leap year was next will be.

1996, 1992, 1988, 1984, 1980, 1976, 1972, 1968, 1964, 1960, 1956, 1952, 1948, 1944, 1940, 1936, 1932, 1928, 1924, 1920, 1916, 1912, 1908, 1904, in Gregoriansky The 1900 calendar is a non-busty year, in Julian - leap. 1896.

Note: For most computer and mobile systems are valid are the dates from December 13, 1901, 20:45:54 GMT on January 19, 2038, 03:14:07 GMT. (These dates correspond to the minimum and maximum value of a 32-bit integer with a sign). For Windows allowed dates from 01-01-1970 to 19-01-2038.

Every 4 years, humanity lives in a leap year. This year, in February, magically gets 29 days.

With it, many will accept and believes, many of which have pagan roots, but there are both Christian elements. Sometimes, it comes to the point that people are abandoned by such familiar events as resting at sea or regular trips to the cottage.

What is a leap year and how justified the signs associated with it?

Lecked Year: Where did you get an extra day?

Do you think the earth makes the full turn exactly for 365 days? No, it's not like that - the earth makes the full circle around the Sun a little longer, namely, 365 days and 6 hours.

In other words, every year an extra quarter of a day is added. For 4 years, such quarters come out for 24 hours. So it turned out that the year, which is Koint 4 (2008, 2012, 2016, the leaf calendar is based on this principle), differs from the rest.

The leap year is designed to eliminate this surplus and make a balance in the summer. If it were not for a leap year, then for a couple of centuries, the new year would have moved to the beginning of March, and this is quite serious!

Differences leap year

Differences of the leap year from the remaining years, from the point of view of material, is limited to the number of days. In addition, people have to work for one day. Sometimes, however, it turns out and rest once again, but it happens quite rarely.

From an astrological point of view, during the track of the land around the Sun in a leap year, there is a large number of troubles:

household problems in humans;
man-made catastrophes;
natural cataclysms;
relatively high mortality.

However, it is possible to argue with the latter - there are no comments from the ritual service workers about raising mortality. Unless the elderly die slightly more.

Leap year: hello from antiquity

For the first time, the challenge of the calendar of the real flow of time was concerned with ancient Romans. In this country, it was forbidden to transfer significant dates at another time of the year. Oriented people on the movement of the sun in the sky.

Guy Julius Caesar solved the problem quickly and radically - from the moment of his reign, people began to live in the Julian calendar, which, just added one day by February once every 4 years. To the new calendar began to move gradually, not all accepted it, but time took her.

Over time, the pagan calendar swore into Christian culture. But in some regions this year is associated with Kasyan Visokosom, one of the saints, the patron of monastic.

Allegedly, for three years he is dying dysfascious, and 4 out of Zayny comes out on the people for the fact that his day is celebrated only every 4 years.

Here, however, a failure - the Christian sacred for definition cannot be a winding drunk, plus there is no record in the church that the lecocos loves to drink.

Signs and beliefs associated with a leap year

Now the leap year is relatively simple, and before, some people were afraid to get out of the house on February 29 in a leap year. For example, it was noteworthy that if on this day to freeze it, and at the end of February, frosts can stand a lady, then the person will certainly be very cold and die.

The same refers to a cattle. People's belief reads that any mistake in pets, on this day, can cost animals of life. For example, malnutrition or stubble.

The beginning of a new case in the leap year of special success, according to popular beliefs, can not bring.

Be sure to all go awry: even though the house is building a man, even though business opens. In addition, all major things should be postponed at least before the onset of February 29 - this time is considered the most unsuccessful since the beginning of the year.

To die a bit of a leap, you need to do the following:

under the fight of the chimes, throw out a stack of vodka from the window (other alcohol is suitable, but it should be strong);
drink, not choking when it is exactly midnight;
if they still have chocked, then before having to hurt, you need to put glasses on the table.

According to the people's beliefs, the wrath of the whocos will slightly fall until the end of the next track around the sun.

Another interesting sign is associated with the collection of gifts of nature. Usually, collecting mushrooms and berries is difficult on February 29, but things found on the street, for example, money can bring trouble if they fall into the house.

And if at the same time the dog will conquer (a dog day on February 29 itself is a bad sign), then be a misfortune. He needs to not pay attention to him, saying "Chur me."

Bans leap year

Since this year is so unhappy, then the people came up with many prohibitions, observing which, you can get away from your home. By the way, nature also "participates" in these prohibitions.

For example, according to the memoirs of old-timers, during the years that are leaps, usually weak harvest of apples.

So, what can not be done in the leap year:

It is impossible to rank on baptism. This ritual itself is relatively connected with the evil spirits, and once every four years it is particularly "attentive" to people. It is better not to attract any rubbish. So no matter how much sweets did not offer, the carols are better to avoid.
It is not recommended to sell products produced in our own farm. It is believed that, together with them, happiness and wealth goes from the house.
It is impossible to show anyone the first cutting chisel at the kid, except that the closest relatives. If you break a ban, then the child will have the teeth curves.
It is impossible to start new big things, including marrying / marrying. Everything will go awry, it was already mentioned above.
It is impossible to buy "sobls". It sounds strange, but for some old-age people is the norm to buy things to yourself for the funeral. Such an action in the leap year will speed up death.
Women are strictly forbidden to repaint hair. This may lead to the fact that the lady will play.
It is forbidden to change the place of work or place of residence. In a new place, a person simply does not come true, it will have to start with scratch (this item is sometimes impossible, because there are different circumstances in life).

This forbidden group joins the birth of children, but not everyone belongs to such a restriction seriously.

Maybe it all sounds archaic, but the fact remains a fact - people are often complaining of astrologers and psychics for misfortunes that began just after the violation of such prohibitions.

Conclusion - while the Earth does not make a complete turn around the Sun per year, which is a leap, from some activities should be abandoned.

What do astrology think?

In 2016, I made an anonymous personal calendar for a young man. He was going to give start a new business project, but Numerology showed that the undertaking would not only become extremely unsuccessful, but could lead, even to the death of my client.

Unfortunately, he did not listen to me, did it all the opposite. The result is crying - although he stayed alive, but he lost everything to a penny, now begins a new life.

Surprisingly, the majority of such calendars for different people made in leapy years showed similar results. I do not really believe in involvement in the problems of negative entities, but the influence of the planets in these years is a negative crane.

A leap year should pass calmly and without unnecessary movements, I tell you exactly!

Irina, Moscow

All the forecasts that I did for people wishing to get married in a leap year, did not speak anything good. This time is the time of failures, misunderstanding, conflicts and contradictions, what kind of marriage can we talk about?

At the same time, many of these "marriages" diverged before the wedding. Since 2016, only 5-10% of those families have been preserved.

Mortality, by the way, also rises! Older people murut packs in a leap year. Pray more often, do not angry the highest strength! And go to church, every day about 7.

Svyatoslav, Yaroslavl

I believe that leap year is the pagan Slavic belief. The rapustians endowed February without the power, they were afraid of him like fire.

So it reached this belief to us in a highly modified form. There is nothing terrible in the leap year, but a little attentiveness still does not hurt.

Irma, Moscow

High mortality, that's what a leap year is. Rarely when it comes, at this time, making favorable forecasts.

Basically, people have to solve any problems. I advise you not to violate bans of the leap year and often pass the clarification rites.

Svetlana, Samara

First remark. Not every 4th year is a leap. Why - explain later.

In the usual year 365 days. The leap year of 366 days - the day is more, due to the addition of an additional day at number 29 by February, as a result of which the births born on this day are experiencing certain difficulties with the celebration of their birthday.

Year - this is the time for which the planet Earth makes one turn around the Sun in relation to the stars (visiblely measured as the interval between the two successive passages of the Sun through the spring equinox).

Day (or often in everyday speech - day) - this is the time for which the Earth makes one turn around its axis. As you know, in the days of 24 hours.

It turns out that the per year does not fit a smooth number of days. In the year, 365 days, 5 hours, 48 \u200b\u200bminutes and 45.252 seconds. If the year is taken equal to 365 days, it turns out that the earth in its orbit will not "reach" to the point in which the circle "is closed", i.e. Until it is necessary for another 5 hours orbit, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds. These extra about 6 o'clock in 4 years will be gathered at one extra day, which introduced into the calendar to eliminate the backlog, receiving each 4th year leap - The day is longer. Made it on January 1, 45 BC. e. Roman dictator Guy Julius Caesar, and the calendar has since become called juliansky. In fairness, I must say that Julius Caesar only introduced a new calendar, and calculated and offered it, of course, astronomers.

The Russian word "leap" comes from the Latin expression "BIS SEXTUS" - "second sixth". Ancient Romans considered the days of the month remaining until the beginning of the next month. So day 24 Fefral was sixth to the beginning of March. Between February 24 and 25, the sixth day (BIS SEXTUS) was inserted between February 24 and February 25. Later, this day began to add to the end of the month, February 29.

So, in the Julian calendar, every 4th year is a leap.

But it is easy to see that 5 hours, 48 \u200b\u200bminutes and 45.252 seconds are not for sure 6 hours (there are not enough 11 minutes 14 seconds). Of these 11 minutes and 14 seconds in 128 years old "will break up" another extra day. It was noticed from astronomic observations on the displacement of the Spring Equinox Day, relative to which church holidays are calculated, in particular Easter. By the 16th century, the backlog was 10 days (today for 13 days). To eliminate it, Papa Grigory XIII conducted a calendar reform ( gregoriancalendar), according to which not every 4th year was a leap. There were no leap years, multiple hundred, i.e. ending with two zeros. Exceptions were only a year divided by 400.

So, leap years - this year: 1) divided by 4, but not 100 (for example, 2016, 2020, 2024),

Note that the Russian Orthodox Church refused to go to the Gregorian calendar and lives according to the old, the Julian calendar, which is 15 days behind Grigorian. If and then the church will refuse to go to the generally accepted Gregory calendar, then after a few hundred years, the displacement will become such that, for example, Christmas will be celebrated in summer.

How many days in the leap year?

Once every four years, we see an interesting calendar phenomenon. In each year, we are considered to count 365 days, but once every four years we count 366 days. So it turned out historically, from 45 to our era, when the Roman dictator named Guy Julius Caesar created a calendar. Later, such a calendar began to be called Juliansky.

The story of the appearance of a leap year.

The new calendar of Guy Julia Caesar began on January 1, 45 to our era. Astronomers of that time calculated the exact number of days for which the earth completely passes the cycle, referred to as a year. The exact number of days was 365.25. In other words, the year was 365 full days and 6 hours. Since it was inconvenient to consider part-time, decided to introduce a special to align the balance.

In a row, three years are considered to be 365 days, and each subsequent fourth is added for them to 24 hours (6 hours in 4 years) in February. Thus, a new day of February appeared, only one emerged every four years. This month was not chosen by chance. It was he who was considered the last Roman month of the year. 45th year BC and became the first leap year.

Current year 2016 - leap. The next will be in 2020, then - in 2024, etc.

Signs of leap year.

Ancient times, in which one day is more than in other years, was considered significant and even heavy. Some events associated with him, it was believed that if it was in this year that the winter day is longer, and therefore this year affects the human body in a special way.

Leap year, signs which scare many people is not really so terrible. The human body is not sharpened to changes in the calendar and numbers. Rather, the person risks being under the influence of the location of the planets, the moon and other external factors affecting a person as a whole.

Among the many people to have many people at this long year, there are basic bans on various buildings.

Leap year: what can not be done?

Many of us are interested in you can not do in a leap year. Among such activities are distinguished:

collapse
make transactions with real estate
divorce.

It is not recommended to leave far, and if it happens, it is advised to pronounce certain prayers. All this, of course, is not linked to religion, so if the soul asks prayers, it is better to pray without any reception.

Lecked year is not afraid.

A similar year can bring a lot of wonderful moments. In the leapy years, such great figures of art and culture were born as: M. Glinka, I. Strauss, L. Tolstoy, I. Goncharov, as well as modern actors: K. Diaz, K. Khabensky, T. Hanks.

A leap year is every four years. But why then 1904 was a leap, 1900 was not, and 2000 was again?

Summer Olympics are held in the leap year - where did this order come from? And why do you need any special "elongated" years? What do they differ from ordinary? Let's deal with.

Who introduced a leap leap in the calendar?

Ancient Roman astronomers were well known that the year on Earth lasts 365 days and a few more hours. Because of this, the calendar year, which then consisted of an unchanged number of days, did not coincide with the astronomical. Surplus hours gradually accumulated, turning into days. Calendar dates gradually shifted and deviated from natural phenomena - for example, equinoxies. A group of astronomers led by the cooler who worked at the court of Julius Caesar offered to adjust the calendar. According to the new summer, every fourth year has extended for one day. This year and became known bIS SEXTUSthat translated from Latin means "Second Sixth" . In Russian, this word was transformed into "League" "So we call him to this day."

By order, Julia Caesar, a new calendar was introduced, starting from the 45th to our era. After the death of the emperor, there was a failure in the calculus of leap years, and re-started from the 8th year of our era. Therefore, in our time the leaps are even years.

It was decided to add a day to the last, the shortest month in the year, which was not enough for days. " In ancient Rome, the New Year was celebrated on March 1, so the extra 366th day came to February. The new calendar began to be called "Julian" in honor of Caesar. By the way, the Orthodox and some other churches still live in the Julian calendar - this is a tribute to tradition.

And again changes of the calendar

Astronomical observations continued, the methods have become increasingly accurate. Over time, the star has understood that the duration of the earth year is not equal to 365 days and 6 o'clock, but a little less. (It is now known that the year lasts 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds).

The use of Julian Souls has led to the fact that the calendar began to be late from the actual flow of time. Astronomers noticed that the spring equinox comes much earlier than the day allotted by him by the calendar, that is, on March 21. There is a need to adjust the calendar, which was done by the decree of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582.

To compensate the discrepancy, they decided to install leap years in a new rule. It was necessary to reduce their quantity that was done. From that moment on, the leaps are still considered to be more than four, except for those divided by 100. For even more accurate summer years, which are divided by 400, are still considered leaps.

That is why 1900 (as well as 1700, and 1800) was not a leap, and 2000 (as 1600) - was them.

The new calendar was named after Pope Gregoryan - on it now lives all countries of the world. Julian calendar enjoys a number of Christian churches - including the ROC.

Rule determining leap years

So, leapy years are determined by a simple algorithm:

If the year is divided into 4, but not divided by 100, he is leap;

If the year is divided by 100, it is not considered a leap;

If the year is divided into 100 and at the same time another 400, he is leap.

What a leap year is different from others?

Only one thing is 366 days, and the additional day is assigned February. Despite the fact that the year now begins on January 1, and therefore, the last month of the year is December, we still give extra day February. He is the shortest - I will regret it!

And you will delight those who were born on February 29 in a leap year. These "lucky" celebrate their birthday every four years, which makes this event more long-awaited and desirable than the rest of the people.

What happens in a leap year?

The leap years were chosen for the main sports event of mankind - Olympiad. Now only summer games are held in the leap years, and the winter - with a move of two years. The sports community adheres to the most ancient tradition, which the first Olympians installed - the ancient Greeks.

They decided that such a grand event should not happen too often - every four years. The four-year cyclicity coincided with alternating leap years, so modern competitions began to spend precisely in leap years.