Technology manufacturing products from fiberglass with their own hands. Useful information for the manufacture of fiberglass. Materials and drawings

Fiberglass is the only material that allows you to create the form of any complexity. Independent design of the bottom makes it possible to equip it with rugs any configuration. You can achieve the maximum efficiency of the vessel's running qualities, placing the rugs in the most suitable places. In addition, the design of the homemade boat will be a reflection of the character of its owner.

There is a method of manufacturing a self-made boat from plywood and fiberglass, when plastic is used only for outdoor coating of the boat. But this technology does not justify yourself. Lying under the plastic layer of plywood quickly picks moisture, which increases the weight of the vessel. There is a rapid destruction of plywood due to the effects of microorganisms and the stratification process, because by the strength of the plywood is significantly inferior to the plastic.

How to make a boat? Accurately observing all the rules, even the newcomer will be able to implement this task. The technological process is simple and budget. The vessel body is created due to the reinforcing filler impregnated with the polymer composition.

Materials and drawings

Raw materials used as a reinforcing filler in the manufacture of a frame:

• the base of the body, board - roving fiberglass TP-07, TP-03, TP-056;
• local strengthening of separately taken areas - structural fiberglass T-11, T-13.

Fiberglass can be different types of weaving, the size of the threads. Basically choose "oblique" or satin weaving. Threads should be twisted. Sold material in the form of sheets, rolls, ribbons.

Fiberglass is sold in a fatty fat. So that the fabric is better impregnated with the binder, the grinder should be removed using gasoline, white spirit or acetone. Degreased tissue dried around 2-4 hours in the air.

To glue the reinforcing material, resin will need. In the shipbuilding industry, three varieties of resin are used: epoxy, vinyl ether, polyester. The most important characteristics of the resin during the construction of a fiberglass boat from any type of fiber is adhesion and soilability.

A cheap option is the use of a polyester resin that allows you to create a one-piece element from fiberglass per surgery. You can apply the resin TM Ashland. To create decorative, with the protective properties of the coating of the body, it will take gelkout. The plywood is also required with a thickness of at least 1.2 cm, which has moisture resistance.

The manufacture of the boat is impossible without the prelimine drawing. Designing of future floating conditions can be carried out using the AutoCAD program. First, a 3D model is created, then the schemes of the spangling, grids. Ready drawings are taken on specialized sites, on the Internet. Now you can begin to make a fiberglass boat with your own hands.

The matrix

The production process of manufacturing a fiberglass boat begins with the construction of the matrix with their own hands. First, the framework is made to which the splintmosts are attached. Next, they should be hampered by a twelve-millionth plywood, trying to achieve as a smooth surface as possible. The edges of the boat make more rigid, for sides are used by a double layer of plywood.

Now it is necessary for a long time and thoroughly align the boards using polyester putty. It is necessary to exclude all the errors so that the boat design is stable. You can work with special chapels templates.

At the stage of alignment of the matrix, it is possible to provide such an important part of the boat as a keel. It provides an even movement of a more funny or motorboat, excluding the spirits. A homemade keil made from wood is poured with polyester resin.

By markup, all the errors of the constructed matrix are detected. The sandpaper is aligned and cleaned the edges, giving the future shy symmetry. The finished form cleared of dirt is degreased, an anti-adhesive composition of 4 layers is applied to it. It is necessary as a separator that does not allow the adhesion of the resin to the surface of the form.

Helcouta coating

After drying, the wax layer is applied gelcoat, which is the outer surface of the boat. This is a responsible moment on which the appearance of the vessel depends. Gelcoat provides protection against scratches, ultraviolet, losses. It is necessary to apply it, seeking a uniform coating, avoiding bubbles and drills. Now you can start laying out the cuttings on a fully dried layer of gelkuty.

Manufacture of housing

Cutting the tissue is carried out by cutting the canvases corresponding to the length of the housing. The canvas for laying along the waterline and keel should not have the junctions. If there is an obstacle to the obstacle, the material in this place is able to edit, and then detach. You should leave the allowances when stripping along the edges for laying in Vnakroy. To sew pieces of fiberglass to obtain the required length, you can use glass threads, rolled out of the edge of the material, or impregnated with oil linen.

The fiberglass layer is evenly covered by a binder polymer resin. To do this, it is recommended to use a casting roller. Air bubbles should be avoided, since the emptiness remaining in some places weakens the design. The next layer of fiberglass is stacked on a similar scheme. You can apply up to five layers of fiberglass. To obtain a more beautiful upper layer, it is recommended to use a special "upper" fiberglass.

Power frame and floor

To enhance the housing, it is necessary to pave three wooden bars along the shape, which is then covered with two layers of fiberglass. Installation of the spangling produces every 30 cm, also applying fiberglass on them.

It is necessary to create a double hermetic bottom that makes the boat that is not optimized even in case of turning. The floor is trimmed with plywood sheets with moisture-resistant properties. The finished floor is covered with a pair of layers of reinforcing tissue, with a mandatory impregnation with a polymer resin. The composition is given to dry completely.

Finishing stage

It remains to remove the finished boat from the form, trim the allowance, stick the surface, mounted the roof and the beam protection. Additional elements can also be made: seats, merry fasteners, drawers. Using fiberglass, you can make any necessary accessories for the vessel. After that, proceed to painting.

A similar method is made with their own boats from fiberglass. Of course, the drawing and design of the boat is more complicated than boats, and efforts will need more. But the cost of homemade will cost half less than the same finished vessel.

Repairs

Repair a boat from fiberglass or a boat is required when typical damage occurs:

• decorative layer defects;
• cracks in the case;
• goes and semi-belly;
• the discrepancy of the corners;
• sinks.

Basic materials for repair: fiberglass, epoxy resins. Starting repairs, it is recommended to place a damaged place closer to the horizontal level. The surface must be clean, dry, low-fat. There may be a hair dryer, technical or household. Before the start of sealing defects, fiberglass must be deguted, rolling in a solvent, and dry well.

In case of emergency repair, it is not necessary to dry it over the stake, as the soot is formed. Before laying on damage to damage, the fiberglass is impregnated in a diluted compound (polyester or epoxy resin), after which it is pressed with pulling between two sticks. The place of repair must be cleaned with a large skirt to a glass tape layer, making it slightly terry.

Elimination of damage

Small injuries in the form of scratches are close to epoxy resin without filler or soil. The cross-type scratch is removed by a compound with a compound with a filler, after which the processed place remains to stall and paint.

Small cracks sufficiently smeared with epoxy resin. If the housing cracked, then the damage is removed on both sides of damage to fiberglass. After drying it is filled with epoxy resin. To do this, click on each side of the cracked, giving it to reveal, and scrub. After that, the edges are combined, fixed. From above, on both sides, we are imposed by a compound strip of fiberglass. After the frozen, the place of repair is grin, covered with a layer of resin, spooled and paint again.

The semi-bodie is characterized by a break with the remaining piece of plastic. If a break is small, then you need to correct the sticking piece. To do this, it is necessary to handle the compound all surfaces. With the help of the stop and the Cyanka, the piece is put in place, while on the one hand, the convexity is formed, and on the other - the dent. Fiberglass is stacked with impregnation, fixed by cargo. After the polymerization of the semi-bodie, the resin with filler sweeps. Further actions, grinding - laying the impregnated sheet, repeated twice. Then grinding and painting.

The platoon is closed with the help of foam punch, preferably on external inquodes. From thick fiberglass, several patches are made with tolerances from 3 to 5 mm, so that the thickness of the package corresponds to the thickness of the case. After installing Punson, patchs are pasted. The algorithm for further action is the same as in previous cases.

The discrepancy of the angles is eliminated similar to the sealing of cracks, but the fiberglass is taken in the form of a tape. Sink is the most unpleasant type of damage. Sometimes it is a defect of production. It can form between layers due to water from entering, which cuts the layers in winter. For repair, you will need to open the sink, drill the hole before entering the cavity.

Then there is a wide section (up to 5 mm) at its largest size. The open cavity is dried with a hairdryer, filled with a compound with a syringe. The processed shell is clamped into the press. Then the usual putty algorithm, grinding and painting is performed.

Fiberglass is an excellent material for the manufacture of boats and boats available in application. Made with their own hands fiberglass boats are obtained durable and durable, easy to repair. It should be borne in mind that the components of the materials used in the work are not safe for health. It is necessary to work in rubber gloves, protective masks, glasses, in a well ventilated place.

The article tells about what properties the fiberglass has and how applicable it is in construction and in everyday life. You will learn which components are needed for the manufacture of this material and their cost. The article presents step-by-step video and recommendations for the use of fiberglass.

Since the opening of the effect of rapid fossa of epoxy resin under the action of the acid catalyst, fiberglass and its derivatives began to actively implement into household goods and parts of machines. In practice, it replaces or complements exhausted natural resources - metal and wood.

What is fiberglass

The principle of action, the basis of the strength of fiberglass, is similar to the reinforced concrete, and the view and the structure closest to the reinforced layers of the modern "wet" finish of the facades. As a rule, a binding - composite, gypsum or cement solution - has the property to be pissed and crack, without holding the load, and sometimes not even preserving the integrity of the layer. To avoid this, the reinforcing component is introduced into the layer - rods, mesh or canvas.

As a result, a balanced layer is obtained - the binding (in a dry or polymerized form) works on compression, and the reinforcing component works for stretching. From such a layer based on fiberglass and epoxy resin, you can create volumetric products or additional reinforcing and protective elements.

Components of fiberglass

Reinforcing component *. For the manufacture of household and auxiliary building elements, three types of reinforcement material are commonly used:

1. Flusket. This is a fiberglass grid with a cell from 0.1 to 10 mm. Since epoxy solution - an aggressive environment, for products and construction structures, a grid with impregnation is strongly recommended. The grid cell and ththity of the thread should be selected, based on the purpose of the product and the requirements for it. For example, for the reinforcement of the loaded plane with a fiberglass layer, a mesh with a cell from 3 to 10 mm, a thread thickness of 0.32-0.35 mm (reinforced) and a density of 160 to 330 g / cube. cm.
2. Glassball. This is a more perfect species of fiberglass. It represents a very thick grid made of "glass" (silicon) threads. It is used to create and repair household products.


3. Fiberglass. It has the same properties that the material for clothes is soft, flexible, malleable. This component is very diverse - it varies on the strength of the break, the thickness of the thread, the thickness of weaving, special supports - all these indicators influence the final result (than they are higher, the stronger the product). The main indicator is the density, ranging from 17 to 390 g / sq. m. Such cloth is much stronger even the famous military cloth.

* The types of reinforcement are also used for other works, but their product passport usually indicates their epoxy resin compatibility.

Table. Prices for fiberglass (on the example of the company "Intercomposite")

Binding. This is an epoxy solution - resin mixed with a hardener. Separately, the components can be stored for years, but in a mixed form, the composition is hardening from 1 to 30 minutes, depending on the number of hardener - than it is more, the faster the layer is harden.

Table. The most common brands of resin

Popular hardeners:

1. Etal-45m - 10 y. e. / kg.
2. HT-116 - 12.5 y. e. / kg.
3. Pade - 18 y. e. / kg.

An additional chemical component can be called lubricant, which is sometimes applied to protect the surfaces from epoxide penetration (for lubricating forms).

In most cases, the component balance master studies and selects independently.

How to apply fiberglass in everyday life and in construction

In private, this material is most often applied in three cases:

• for rod repair;
• to repair inventory;
• to enhance structures and planes and during sealing.

Repair of fiberglass rods

This requires a sleeve from a fiberglass and a high-strength brand of resin (ED-20 or analog). Technically, the process is described in detail in this article. It is worth noting that the carbon fiber is much stronger than fiberglass, which means that the second will not suit the repair of the shock tool (hammers, axes, shovel). At the same time, it is quite possible to make a new handle or handle for inventory from fiberglass, for example, a wing of a fiberboard.

Helpful advice. Fiberglass can be improved its tool. Wrap the flush hammer with impregnated with a fiber, an ax, screwdriver, saws and squeeze in your hand in 15 minutes. The layer will ideally take the form of your hand, which will noticeably affect the convenience of work.

Repair inventory

The tightness and chemical resistance of fiberglass allow repairing and sealing the following plastic products:

1. Sewer pipes.
2. Building vendors.
3. Plastic barrels.
4. Rainfall.
5. Any plastic parts of tools and technicians who do not have lags.

Repair with fiberglass - step-by-step video

The "homemade" fiberglass has one indispensable property - it is accurately processed and keeps hard. This means that from canvas and resins can be restored hopelessly spoiled plastic part, or make a new one.

Strengthening building structures

Fiberglass in liquid form has excellent adhesion to porous materials. In other words, it hits well with concrete and wood. This effect can be implemented when installing wooden jumpers. The board on which liquid fiberglass is applied, an additional 60-70% of the strength acquires, which means that the board can be used twice as thin with the jumper or crossbar. If you enhance this material the door frame, it will become more resistant to loads and skews.

Sealing

Another way of use is the sealing of stationary capacities. Tanks, stone tanks, pools covered with inside fiberglass, acquire all positive properties of plastic dishes:

• insensitivity to corrosion;
• smooth walls;
• solid monolithic coating.

At the same time, the creation of such a coating will cost about 25 y. e. for 1 square m. The strength of the products eloquently speak real tests of the products of one of the private mini-factories.

On video - Tests fiberglass

Especially it is worth noting the possibility of repairing the roof. Correctly selected and applied epoxy can be repaired slate or tile. With it, you can simulate the complex translucent structures from plexiglas and polycarbonate - canopies, street lamps, benches, walls and more.

Step-by-step video production of fiberglass matrix

As we found out, fiberglass becomes a simple and understandable repair and building material, which is convenient to apply in everyday life. With a developed skill, you can create interesting products right in your own workshop.

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What does fiberglass consist of?

The composition of this universal material includes a polyester or epoxy resin, which is given the necessary form in a special way and reinforce the fiberglass or fiberglass. The polyester resin can also be reinged with carbon fiber fabric, fiberglass, kevlar tissue, glass gambler, fiberglass, with which the product acquires special strength. For the lack of these materials for reinforcement, you can use any synthetic tissue: artificial silk, nylon, etc., but the products will not have such strength, as when using fiberglass or fiberglass.

What is fiberglass?

Fiberglass is a dense material consisting of chaotic arranged or orderly arranged threads, interconnected by a thin layer of epoxy resin.

Fiberglass has a thickness of up to 12 mm, but it is usually measured in grams per square meter. The most common values: 300, 450, 600, 900 grams per 1 sq.m.

Fiberglass differs in type, method of manufacturing, mass and nature of fiberglass. The most common is "taffeta", which has a cellular texture.

Glider has fewer resistance to mechanical loads than fiberglass, but despite this, it is more convenient to use it for the manufacture of complex forms.

For mass production, another type of fiber is used: it is a cutting fiber, having the same or slightly smaller length, like in glass. It is used in the manufacture of the base.

Features and Tips for Making Forms for Fiberglass Product

Details made of fiberglass are made by molding method. This requires a special form that is covered or covered. The form should have a certain bias for the convenience of removing the finished product. The more qualitative and smoothly polished the surface of the shape walls, the quality of the surface of the formed product will be higher.

To perform the molding of the product, you need to produce a number of preparatory work:

• The inner surface of the shape is coated with a special substance that promotes the free removal of the finished part from it. The forming method itself is that the fiberglass item is placed in a special shape and soaked with an epoxy or polyester resin.
• For reinforcement of the parts made, a certain fiberglass is selected depending on its appearance and the ability to resist the current loads.


• From thick paper, a template is made for which the markup makes and cut the fiberglass.
• Polyester resin choose appropriate quality, depending on the purpose and operation of the part. The resin contains in its composition dyes and may differ in chemical composition. For example, if the resin is designed to apply the first layer, it is called an ice coating.

Molding of parts can be formed differently, the main thing is that the following rules are followed:

• fiberglass in shape should be placed evenly;
• fiberglass is completely impregnated with polyester resin, excluding the slightest air bubbles in impregnation;
• the performance of the finished part for serial production is ensured.

Consider for example the technology of the production of contact molding or molding in one form. This is the easiest way in which the amount of material used is reduced, but the need for the amount of labor increases.

The more careful performer, the more finished parts work out of the source material. This method can be used for one and for several identical details or a small series. The form can be of any size and, as mentioned above, it is covered or covered, depending on the desired result, in which a good appearance is valued by the outer or inner surface of the finished part.

The form must have high strength indicators. Her bias should be at least 35%. If the molding item has a reverse bias, then the form must be made of several ideally fitted parts.

What material is the form?

The choice of material for the form depends on the purpose of production. For example, a form of plaster is used for the manufacture of only one part; Steel form can be used a large number of times for the manufacture of several thousand parts; And for the manufacture of details with small series, it is best to make a model with which the shape cast is removed. It will consist of layered plastic, which includes fiberglass and polyester resin. To strengthen the form, profiled cardboard or wooden plates are immersed in laminate plastic for the formation of ribs. Due to this, in reinforced form you can make not one hundred parts.

Preparation of the web

Special attention should be paid to the preparation of the canvas. Carved canvas need to be placed in a wet room in such a manner so that they are convenient to take in order to apply layers. It is also necessary to choose the right to choose among the large number of all sorts of substances intended for the separation of the product and the form, which will correspond to the material of the form.

Forming details

When the separation coating was applied and dried, a first closing layer of a special resin can be applied (sometimes with a filler), designed to hide fiberglass fibers, which as a result of applying resins become invisible on the surface of the part. The thickness of the closing layer should not exceed 0.4 mm. On too thick layer after drying, cracks may occur. The closing layer can not be superimposed if the presence of visible fiber fiberglass does not matter. In this case, the thick layer of epoxy resin is immediately applied.

On the vertical walls of parts may occur. To avoid this, a special filler is mixed into the resin. The first printed layer is dried to a student state. If it sticks a little to the fingers, then you can apply the next layer.

The resin is prepared by two stages: immediately into part of the resin is added to the polymerization accelerator, and then mixed with the rest of the resin, which will be used. The dye adds to it if necessary.

The next stage of the manufacturer of fiberglass with their own hands is the dosing and mixing of the catalyst, if necessary, that is, the amount of resin is calculated, which will be used in the next 15 minutes. The resin is poured into two identical containers. A accelerator is added to one container, and to another catalyst.

For convenience, the mixture can be prepared in a third container with small equal portions. Due to this method, you can avoid repeating repeating repeated preparations of the resin and the catalyst in small portions. To make the correct dosage of the resin, it can be placed on the scales or use the dosage capacity of the required volume. The dosage of the accelerator and catalyst is determined using minzurok by very small portions.

When the covering layer or the first layer of the resin coating becomes a pentuary, you can begin to impose the first layer of fiberglass. To do this, use light glass winds with an indicator of 300 g / 1 sq.m. When the fiberglass layer is superimposed, it is necessary to ensure that the layer lay down exactly and gradually, filled out emptiness and roundings. Sometimes when layers of fiberglass, air pockets arise. This happens either due to too fast pressed, or due to a loose conjugation of acute angle. After laying, fiberglass is impregnated with a layer of resin, which is applied with a brush or roller.

It is important to remember that each portion of the resin is calculated by about 15 minutes of work. Working with a brush, the resin should be applied not to strokes, but as with a carriage, patting the end of the hand in the treated surface. When the epoxy impregnation is completed, it is impossible to immediately try to separate fiberglass, as the individual fibers can rise and break out. After the resin layer, without waiting for its drying, impose the following layer of fiberglass.

To ensure high mechanical strength, a layer of fiberglass and fiberglass is stacked alternately. The last layer is placed glass fiber or special finishing fiberglass (300 g per 1 sq. M).

Performing such stacking, you need to comply with a number of important rules:

• metal or polyethylene tanks for applied substances must be clean;
• the resin in the container must be fully used before the capacity will be filled with a new portion;
• the emerging air bubbles that are poor to eliminate are removed by cutting them with a razor blade;
• brushes and rollers after use are clean with acetone or trichloroethylene. It must be done immediately, as it will subsequently, the complete polymerization of the resin remaining on the tools will occur, and it will not be possible to remove it;
• all work should be done in rubber gloves, to protect hands from direct contact with the resin;
• the workplace must have good ventilation so that harmful pairs of polystyrene do not cause irritation of mucous membranes and eyes;
• in no case, during the work, the eyes can not be rubbed, as glass fibers, accidentally entering the skin, can inadvertently injure their eyes;
• in the work room there should be no less than 20 degrees, it must be protected from cold, dampness and direct sunlight;
• during operation, it is impossible to smoke to avoid a fire, since the resins are easily flammable;
• the removal of the product is not performed earlier than 12 hours later. Drying chamber (no higher than 60 degrees) or heating with infrared rays can shorten this period of time;
• the edges of the product after nothing are cut and burned;
• if the product needs to paint, then before it is necessary to clean it with a grinding skin, and then apply polyurethane paint;
• if the parts need to be glued together, then for this, the gluable surface is made with rough, washed with acetone, and then glued with a special glue or impregnated with polyester resin.

To improve the quality of molding use the pressure method. The work is performed in the same way as we have already considered, but at the end the product is pressed in the form, creating a vacuum between a flexible membrane and a coating on the form, or inflating the elastic bubble placed in a closed form.

Such details will have the highest quality, since when attached, a uniform distribution of the resin is ensured. This method is used for the average production.

In order for the finished product to have a high quality and a pleasant appearance, molding in each other in each other is produced or with a very weak compression, or without it.

For the average production, the molding under pressure for the forms included in each other can also be made by laying a layer of fiberglass, and on top of it a certain amount of resin. With the help of compression, a uniform spread of resin in the part is ensured.

In order for this method to be applied to a large-scale production, or in the production of the basis of the future part, the forms are deliberate. As a result of heating, glass fibers are pressed against the surface of the form, which is made of perforated sheet. In this state, they are impregnated with a resin using a collapse. After that, the shape with the applied base is dried in a chamber for drying. The dried semi-finished product is taken out of the time form and placed in the final shape, coated with a layer of resin and compressed for a short time. The result is the finished item.

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Instructions for manufacturing fiberglass details by manual molding method.
Schematic diagram of production of fiberglass looks like shown on Figure 1..

1 - Form
2 - separation film
3 - Gelcoouth
4 - glass materials
5 - manual roller
6 - resin in a mixture with a catalyst
1. Applying separator
In this example, we use the Honey-Wax separator. It is also possible to use other separators (BUFA OLDOPAL). Instructions for the use of which can be found in the details of these materials.
Instructions for use Honey-Wax:
1. Apply a thin uniform layer, circular movements of the hand, forming a homogeneous coating.
2. The applied coating should be poisoned. This process should occur in about 10-15 minutes, depending on the ambient temperature and humidity. The components contained in Honey Wax®, such as White-Spirit, should, completely evaporate and before the spreading film wax should be completely dry.
3. Mistore to shine is recommended using a clean absorbing tissue.
4. Approximately 10-15 minutes. It is necessary to repeat the paragraphs 1. 2. 3. Five to seven times to work in new forms, to effectively fill the micropores on the surface (depending on the porosity of the matrix)
5. After the first meal, it is recommended to apply 2-3 times by repeating items 1.2.3. For subsequent removal, there will be a one-time coating, and from this point on, reusable reusings can be produced.
2. Applying Gelcouta
Consider two ways to apply:
Brush applying
Use only high-quality brushes. Avoid brushes with painted details near the pile, as the paint can dissolve and get into the gelcoat.
The gelkout on the surface of the shape is applied in both two and one thick layer. Consider the first option.
The first layer is caught thoroughly rubbing gelkout on the surface, the thickness of the layer is approximately 0.4-0.5 mm. After applying the first layer, we proceed to abundant surface missing, forming a non-transparent protective shell, a thickness of 0.7-1 mm. After applying the second layer with easy touch, we carry out a brush over the surface to open air bubbles that were formed as a result of mixing. Watch that there are no not scratched places.
Helcoat consumption with a layer thickness of 1 mm., Is 1 kg / m.kv. An increase of this parameter can lead to excessive fragility of the product in turn, the thin layer does not allow reliable protection against external influences.
Application with a pulverizer
One liter of gelcoat is 2 pistol refueling, it should be enough to paint the pallet. Severe a pulverizer (paint gun), apply gelkout from a distance of 50 -60 cm. With a pressure of 1.5 - 2 atm. When applying a jet of the air mixture of gelkuty and air freely falls on the surface of the model. Helcoat matrix to cover two layers.
Cover the matrix with one translucent layer, wait 2 min., Then pour the model with a thick layer, only without flops. This is done so that air microposters have come out of the outer layer of the form. If this is not done, the form will be microporous, the item obtained from it will, although glossy in appearance, but rough to the touch. This form is called "boiling".
After using a gun with acetone (or solvent 646, 647).
In our case, we apply a gelkout with a brush, this is the easiest and most economically advantageous way. Before applying, gelkout is mixed with a hardener in an amount of 10-20 g. Per 1 kg. Gelcoat (follow the manufacturer's recommendations). The thickness of the gelkuty should be 0.6-0.8 mm. It is achieved at 1 kg / m. AKV gelcoating consumption. Form surfaces.
1. Forming the product.
After drying "on the low" gelkuty, proceed to the molding of the product.
Mix the resin with a hardener (according to the instructions) in a separate dish, in the amount that theoretically be able to work out. Apply a not significant number of resin on the gelkout, it will make it possible to easily decompose the glass salax on the sticky surface. Using a roller (brush), soak the glass of the resin. It is impossible to allow an excess resin in a laminate, the estimated ratio of the resin to the glassate - 2 ÷ 1. After laying the first layer, we recommend to give laminate to stand for 12 hours. This will eliminate the internal stresses and will prevent possible defects on the gelcoat.
Further forming of the product is carried out according to Table 1.

If you want to give the product a special tensile strength, then one of the layers of glassmate №450 (but not the first per gelcoat) replace the glass fiberglass.
When laying, the glasswheel is characterized by special plasticity, i.e. It can be cut off one piece on the entire bumper. He is saturated with a brush with a resin, repeating all the bends of the form. Fiberglass can not boast of such plasticity.
If we want to get a detail of 2.5 mm, you need to take MAT №450 and MAT №600. You can add a layer of fiberglass. At the same time, the product will become stronger, but also more expensive, its thickness will become 3-3.5 mm.
It is best to get the product from the form in a day when it is likely to be fastened and internal stresses will disappear.
2. Topcoat
To give an aesthetic type of the back of fiberglass, it is possible to use a topcoat (gelkout with 1-2% paraffin solution of 5% -to). This will reduce the emission of styrene and also relieve us from the stickiness of the gelkuty "on the low".
The back surface of the fiberglass is cleaned with the emery paper P40 and degrease.
We are prepare a paraffin gelkuty mix after which we add 1-2% hardened. Mix thoroughly. We are applied to the topkut with a brush or pile roller. The layer thickness is 2 times less than when applying gelkuty.

From the mouth of people who work with gelkuat and resin:
1) the proportion of 1-2% (since there is no experience, then 1%)
2) the drying speed of the gelkuty depends on the temperature in temperatures (the ideal of 20 degrees than the warmer, the faster) from 1.5 to 2-3 hours; the number of% hardener (the greater the faster); You can still put a room fan, it will speed up the process. Wait until it hardens, or it will not be weakly sticking out not stupid fingers
3) with glassmate it is better to use a polyester resin, it is IMHO. Moreover, the first layers are better to lay a more subtle mat (for example, 300) for this you can "stand up" mat in half -stocks slices will be accelerated) on the curved pieces are smaller pieces, on long even more, and insert the resin from above. The first approach is 1-2 layers of 300 mat, a lot with a lot of not to care - "will lead / pull" after drying, the bands "needles" need to raise so as not to interfere with the following layer, etc. We recruit the necessary thickness, dry and remove.

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Characteristics

Fiberglass features unique performance characteristics, due to which this material is able to withstand strong pressure, to be in an aggressive chemical environment and ensure the incredible strength of any design. At first it was used for the construction of boats, cars, airplanes, then buttons, household appliances, snow-cleaning devices and other useful things began to make from fiberglass. Even today, most of us have the old Soviet aggregates, the corps of which are made of the strongest and almost eternal fiberglass.

In the years 90, in Russia, it was fashionable to install fiberglass windows and the doors to which the euro "euro" appear to add. The flawless characteristics of fiberglass allowed it to remain the most popular material for use in almost all industries, ranging from the butt, ending with the construction and military.

Today it is used as structural and heat-insulating material in boat production, strengthen the hulls of boats, rocket engines, ships, automobile bodies, etc. From it the blades of helicopters, exhaust pipes, corrosive equipment, pipelines, pools ... List of products, for the production of fiberglass, is simply vigorous, and if it disappeared from the planet at least for the day, the world would have immersed in chaos.

Structure

Fiberglass is a composite material that consists of a fiberglass filler and a binder. Fiberglass is represented by threaded fibers, cloth or mat. The binder is different types of polyester resin. The filler gives material strength and performs a reinforcing function, while the resin makes it monolithic and distributes the load evenly between the fibers. Also, the resin protects fiberglass from the destruction of aggressive chemicals.

The most durable fiberglass consist of oriented continuous fibers. They can be divided into unidirectional (the fibers are located in parallel to each other) and crosswise (the fibers are located at a certain angle to each other). Changing the fiber orientation allows you to customize the strength and regulate the main characteristics of the material.

Properties

Above mentioned the exceptional properties of fiberglass, now it is time to consider them in more detail. What is so good this material, and why is it used in almost all spheres of production?

Fiberglass properties:

Classification

Fiberglass can be classified depending on the form of release, for example, distinguish sheet and rolled fiberglass. The material also happens different colors, but the main classification occurs by applications.

So, there are the following types of fiberglass:

1. Construction - used in the form of power elements to strengthen the rod structures of pumping rods, rubberry caterpillars, ribbons or electric motors.
2. High-strength - reinforced fiberglass for the production of high-end rotary screws, which are installed in wide-body aircraft engines. It reduces the mass of the blade several times compared with aluminum blades. At the same time, such fiberglass increases the efficiency of the engine, reduces the fuel consumption, ensures high recovery of the engine at the takeoff and increases the resource of the work.
3. Chemically stable - characteristics of this type of fiberglass depend on the variety of resin used for its manufacture.
4. Heat-resistant - non-combustible fiberglass with increased strengths for radio engineering or structural needs. The operating temperature can reach up to 350c. This type of material is used mainly for the manufacture of motorcycle engines, protective housings and screens in airplanes, hoods, etc. Heat-resistant fiberglass retains high stable strength characteristics even with long-term exposure to high temperature. It does not burn and provides high fire safety.
5. Electrotechnical - fiberglass used in electric stakes, heaters and other similar equipment. The main purpose is thermal insulation.

Production of fiberglass

To date, there are several ways to produce fiberglass:

How to make fiberglass with your own hands

In the manufacture of fiberglass, by and large, there is nothing complicated. It is only a polyester resin, which is filled into a certain form and is reinforced with fiberglass.

Basically, homemade fiberglass is used for household automotive needs. This is the most faithful and easy way to fix the hood, door or other broken part of the car. In specialized firms, the necessary forms and matrices are prepared in advance for large parts. If you want to do this on your own, it is better to start with small secondary details of simple forms, for the installation of which does not require high accuracy. In the learning process it is impossible to avoid errors and errors, so it is better not to risk once again.

Homemade fiberglass can be made according to the following instructions:

The outer surface of the product is obtained by shamehead and wrinkled, so requires additional machining - grinding, putty and painting. Fiberglass can be easily aligned with sandpaper, drill or cut with a knife.

You can buy fiberglass and materials for its manufacture in any construction market or supermarket. This durable and durable material will help you repair the car, make repairs and even create unusual artistic sculptures. For example, in this video, it is shown how with the help of foam form and fiberglass, you can make a stylish shell with your own hands:

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Production of fiberglass products by spraying, pressing and molding

Question: How to make fiberglass by spraying? The essence of the manufacturing method of fiberglass by spraying is as follows: A protective-decorative layer is applied to the device prepared by a certain way (the matrix) - gelkout. Gelcoat forms the outer surface of the future product from fiberglass. Helcoats have a wide color palette, so the appearance of the product from fiberglass can have almost any color. After drying the gelkuty, the manufacture of fiberglass (spraying). The last stage is a cursory of not yet cured fiberglass (laminate) with a hard roller for removing air bubbles from it. After curing the fiberglass, the finished product of fiberglass is extracted from the mold and is subjected to machining: cropping - excess fiberglass or cured polyester resin at the edges of the product; drilling holes, etc.

The question "How to make fiberglass?" It usually occurs after the fiberglass purpose is predetermined, that is, the preparation of fiberglass is required for the production of concrete products. The fact is that the fiberglass price of which depends on many factors (including the choice of equipment, the production of fiberglass, taking into account the technology of obtaining it, the formation of the macrostructure of fiberglass filler, as well as the effects of large-scale and geometric factors), has different performance, if the production of fiberglass is associated with using various methods of its production.

Fiberglass, the price of which is relatively low, and the technology used does not exhibit highly high requirements for the size of the products obtained, are usually made in an open method (spraying, winding, contact molding, etc.). Fiberglass price of which is relatively high and the requirement of strict compliance with the size of the obtained products is made, usually manufactured by closed molding (pressing, impregnation under pressure in a closed form, broach)

The task "How to make fiberglass" is considering in the hardware and technological design of fiberglass under specific production conditions and obtaining fiberglass in a chemical and technological aspect. Given the features of the source materials used by equipment based on the requirements for the form, product sizes and product material.

The solution of the problem "How to make fiberglass" using fiberglass production by spraying method is simultaneously spraying on the surface of the shape of the chopped fiber and binder and allows to obtain fiberglass with a rather high process performance with a relatively low cost of products in comparison with other methods of manufacturing products from fiberglass. Fiberglass production by spraying is particularly important when the requirement of the same high values \u200b\u200bof physicomechanical properties in all directions is set to the resulting material.

Preparation of form (matrix)

The production of fiberglass includes a transcription form. Well prepared form is the key to obtaining high quality products. The form must be cleaned and you need to carefully remove dust. Apply a dividing wax and polish the form. The application of the separation layer is made in several layers, giving drying the previous layer for 10-15 minutes. After that, a soft nonvilous cloth of neat movement produce polishing the anti-adhesion layer. In the production of fiberglass, it should be remembered that all flaws on the anti-adhesion layer will be visible on the gelcoat. In a new form, it is necessary to use a separation film to improve raspords. Other options can also be provided for other options, for example, with the help of air or space to drive the wedges, etc. in the room where casting molds are prepared and stored, no dusty work should be carried out.

The use of gelcoatov

Gelcoat is a decorative protective coating applied to polyester compositions (polymer concrete, laminate, etc.), applied to the product of the necessary color and gloss, and also ensures reliable protection against external influence.

Gelcoat - is a coating based on unsaturated polyester, which provides reinforced plastic glitter products, reliable protection against external influence, durability of the surface and the necessary color. Proper gelcoat application is a key factor in obtaining an attractive and high-quality product.

Gelcoat can be applied with brush or spraying. The latest improvements in the technologies for the manufacture of gelcoating and spray equipment led to a noticeable increase in the use of spray methods of application. Regardless of the application method, it is recommended to use gelkoots specially designed for a particular method.

To achieve an optimal level of quality, it is necessary to control the thickness of the application of the gelkuty in the range of 0.4 - 0.5 mm. Approximately 450 - 600 g of Gelcoat Mixture on 1m? Provides the required thickness.

The application of the gelkuty too thin layer can lead to its incomplete curing and the awake of the structure of the reinforcing fiber through the laminate base. The gelkout applied to the thin layer is also exposed to the solvent released from the resin used in the subsequent layer of laminate, which can lead to the formation of folds on its surface.

If the gelcoat is applied too thick layer, it can split or crack and is more sensitive to impact damage, especially from the reverse side of the laminate. The surface of unevenly applied gelcoat is cured at different speeds. This is the cause of stresses in the resin that can lead to cracking or, in cases with painted gelcoats, to the heterogeneity of the outer surface and water divorce.

As soon as the gelkout was sufficiently hardened, the next step of the process of contact molding is the application of a laminate basis. A simple test to determine the degree of curing the gelkuty is a slight touch of a clean finger to its surface. If the surface to the touch is a bit sticky, but the finger remains clean, then this means that the gelkout is ready for lamination, to which you need to start within five hours.

Molding spraying

The technology of fiberglass by spraying was distributed with the finely and medium-term production of fiberglass products, as well as in the production of large fiberglass products, such as boat housings, boats, yachts, vehicle cabins, railway cars, etc.

Despite the fact that in this case there are certain costs for the purchase of specialized equipment for the production of fiberglass, the technology of production of fiberglass by spraying has a number of advantages over the technology of fiberglass production by manual molding.

When spraying, the need for preliminary stripping of fiberglass or glassmate and the preparation of a polyester resin mixture is a hardener, the proportion of manual labor during the production of fiberglass products is dramatically reduced.

Equipment for fiberglass by spraying automatically carries out a hard downtation of a polyester resin and hardener, Roving Hub (harness from continuous fiberglass filament) to parts of the specified dimensions (COPs, length 1 - 6 cm). With this production of fiberglass, there are no waste of polyester resin, characteristic of a polyester resin mixture - manually hardener. After logging, the part of the fiberglass fall into the stream of polyester resin from the spray gun and soaked with it during the transfer to the matrix. Equipment for fiberglass greatly facilitates work. The share of manual labor remains a fiberglass seal in the Matrix of a quadrup roller. The fraction of roving in the laminate should be 30-45% of the filler (polyester resin with hardener.

Advantages of fiberglass production technology by spraying:

• It is not required to cut the glassmate and the preparation of the polyester resin mixture - a hardener, which allows you to save time, useful areas, staff work.
• Production areas are significantly reduced due to a decrease in the number of specially equipped places for the production of fiberglass.
• The rate of production of fiberglass products increases.
• The number of waste is significantly reduced - you are using exactly so many polyester resin and glass, how much it is necessary for the production of the product from fiberglass, the price for the final lease is reduced.
• The quality of the final product from fiberglass mainly depends on the skill of the operator for the production of fiberglass production by spraying.

Fiberglass production by molding using an elastic diaphragm

Fiberglasss are composite materials based on a polymer binder and fiberglass filler. The reinforcement of the polymer binder with fiberglass filler increases the strength and deformation properties of the materials obtained, increases their heat resistance, allows you to target other operational characteristics. These changes in the properties of the obtained fiberglass are determined by the properties of the initial polymer binder and fiberglass filler, the ratio of the content of the binder and filler in the composition, fiber orientation. In the production of fiberglass with specified properties, the relationship between the structural parameters of the composition (content and orientation of the filler) and the parameters of the technological process of production of products are used. Technological techniques and methods for the formation of the macrostructure of fiberglass filler are determined both by the type of filler and the geometric shape and the size of the products. The operation of the impregnation of a fibrous filler binder is determined in the technology and hardware and technological design of the production of fiberglass.

The simplest hardware processing is the method of contact formation of fiberglass products used in the manufacture of large-sized products of a complex configuration. In contact formation, simultaneously molding the macrostructure of fiberglass filler in the product and impregnation of the glass filler binder. According to this method, with layer-by-layer laying of fiberglass filler on the surface of the form, an impregnation of filler is impregnated with a brush or spray gun. After that, to remove air and seal the material, the formal product is rolled into the corrugated roller. The disadvantage of technology according to the contact molding method is great difficulties of regulating the content of filler in the material material.

Low pressure molding includes fiberglass production based on the molding method using a seal using an elastic diaphragm, which is actually a modification of the method of contact molding in the manufacture of fiberglass products.
The manufacture of fiberglass using an elastic diaphragm consists in sealing the surface of the artwork through an elastic diaphragm with a compressed air or under vacuum. As a result, it is possible to get products for various purposes, including pipes, shells, etc. Compared to the method of contact molding, there is a higher quality of the product surface and higher accuracy of manufactured products. The disadvantages of the molding method using elastic diaphragm include the high cost of the equipment used and the increased complexity of the technological process.

In the manufacture of fiberglass in this method, special equipment is used, which takes into account the technological properties of the glass filler and the binder, shape and dimensation of products, the specifics of the molding method using an elastic diaphragm.

Watch photo report on the past joint seminar with the company "Megaplast" on the technology of vacuum molding fiberglass

Fiberglass manufacturing by pressing

How to make fiberglass and avoid the appearance of multipleness and at the same time get products with high surface quality? The pressing method was disseminated in practice, since it is high-performance and is carried out mainly on the mass-produced equipment (hydropress). The main technological process (pressing) is characterized by the molding of a closed type, when both surfaces of the product are molded with rigid form elements. A distinctive feature of the method is strict observance of the wall thickness and the high quality of both surfaces of the product.

How to make fiberglass by pressing?

The introduction of fillers of different sizes and structures in the polymers allows to obtain polymer composite materials that differ in the structure, physicomechanical properties, makes it possible to adjust the technological properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity) of polymers in wide limits. The effectiveness of the introduction of the filler is estimated to the directional change in the complex of the technological and operational properties of composite materials. The greatest variety of properties of filled polymers can be obtained in the manufacture of fiberglass, which uses a polymer matrix and fiberglass filler.

Methods for the production of fiberglass products are numerous and quite diverse on the hardware and technological design, which is due to the features of the source materials, form and sizes of products, the features of the technologies used.

How to make fiberglass and avoid the appearance of multipleness and at the same time get products with high surface quality. The pressing method was disseminated in practice, since it is high-performance and is carried out mainly on the mass-produced equipment (hydropress). The main technological process (pressing) is characterized by the molding of a closed type, when both surfaces of the product are molded with rigid form elements. A distinctive feature of the method is strict observance of the wall thickness and the high quality of both surfaces of the product.

The pressing technology includes stacking on the punch (on the bottom plate) of the required amount of the filler layers, adding the necessary dose of the binder, closing the shape with the distribution of the binder across the entire cavity and the uniform impregnation of the filler, the excess of the binder is extruded from the cavity of the form through the gap between the press carts.

Complete preparations are pre-manufactured before pressing complex products. For this, the packages are fed to the cutting device from which chopped glass is directed to a perforated form, the contours of the future product repeat the contours. At the same time, a binder is supplied from the spray gun, which is necessary for binding fiberglass among themselves. The resulting workpiece after heat treatment is removed from the form. How to make fiberglass with the use of nonwoven fiberglass blanks obtained by the method of preliminary molding? This is achieved due to the fact that when pressing prepregs (pre-impregnated materials) under pressure 20 ... 90 kgf / cm2, both a binder and chopped fiberglass filler possesses mobility.
The method of pressing products from fiberglass is close to the usual pressing method of react plates, and its specific features are taken into account in the design of the presses themselves and the molding tool. Thus, in the design of the press, a system for regulating the speed and pressure of the press is envisaged, which is important when the binder is entered locally and impregnates the filler during the embedding process.

Production of products from fiberglass by impregnation under pressure in a closed form

"Composite materials" are compositions of two or more chemically homogeneous materials forming a single integer. Among the structural composite materials, an important place belongs to fiberglass-composite material based on a different type of fiberglass fillers (glass tissue, glass fiber, etc.) and polymer binders. Although the properties of the initial components play a decisive role in the formation of high elastic-strength properties of fiberglass, when creating these materials, the problem of compatibility of components and the correct connection of the components based on the terms of the compatibility of their deformations. Therefore, the choice of optimal technology for obtaining fiberglass should take into account both the chemical-technological aspects of the problem and the change in the properties of this material when the type of polymer matrix and the glass composition changes, with the orientation of the reinforcing elements, when creating a certain nature of the geometric laying of elements in space.

One of the methods of production from fiberglass used in the technological practice of the method of impregnation under pressure in a closed form. It allows you to get high quality products without air inclusions. The method is used to form various shells, hull products, machine bodies, tanks, etc. Most effective for the manufacture of large and medium-sized products. Produced products have stable performance.

The impregnation method under pressure refers to the methods of closed molding of fiberglass, then in this case, both surfaces of the product are molded with rigid form elements. It provides strict adherence to the specified wall thickness of the product and the high quality of both surfaces. The reinforcing filler uses mainly canvas and fabrics.

The impregnation technology under pressure in a closed form is as follows. Unprofitted dry filler lay out layers on Puinson and then Puinson and the matrix are closed, providing tightness of the cavity. Further, the cavity of the form creates a vacuum, as a result of which the binder coming from the auxiliary tank impresses the filler. The value of the residual pressure in the form at the same time reaches 0.1 ... 0.2 kgf / cm2. Compressed air pressure in auxiliary tank with a binder allows you to adjust the intensity of impregnation. Typically, the pressure of compressed air is 3 ... 5 kgf / cm2. The impregnation time is one of the most important parameters of the technological process of producing fiberglass and it should be less than the time of the viability of the binder. The impregnation time depends on the dimensions and shape of the product, the density of fiberglass blanks, the nature of the orientation of the fibers relative to the direction of the movement of the binder when impregnating, the viscosity of the binder. The location of the power supply and flow of the binder also has a significant impact. With several sources of power and runoff of the binder, the distance between them for different parts of the shape is selected approximately the same on all areas. The impregnation process is considered finished when a resin will go out of the central fitting without air bubbles. After the pressure leveling, the peripheral fittings are closed throughout the cavity, is washed with communications, curing the binder.

Production of fiberglass products using the winding method when molding

Fiberglass are composite materials based on various types of fiberglass filler (glass tissue, glass fiber, etc.) and polymeric binders. When forming high elastic-strength properties of fiberglass, much attention is paid to the properties of the source components, compatibility of components and their correct compound, based on the terms of the compatibility of their deformations. Therefore, when choosing the optimal technology for obtaining fiberglass, the physico-chemical aspects of the problem, change in the characteristics of fiberglass, when changing the type of polymer matrix and glass composition, change the orientation of reinforcing elements, creating a certain nature of the geometric laying of elements in space.

One of the molding methods used in the production technology from fiberglass of shell-type products (preferably having the form of rotation bodies) is the winding method. The winding method allows the use of harnesses, ribbons as a glass valve, tapes, threads with the formation of the oriented structure of the filler and the maximum strength of the products. The winding method in the production of fiberglass products is used in aircraft and rocket for molding rocket enclosures and rocket engines, elements of airplane fuselage, in the chemical industry for the manufacture of devices, containers, pipelines. When using molding, the product winding may have large dimensions (for example, the volume of more than 60 m3 in the manufacture of railway tanks).

The technology of manufacturing products from fiberglass using the winding method is the winding of the stroke, impregnated with the binder, on the rotating mandrel. To ensure a certain orientation of the harness on the mandrel surface, the speed of moving the filler layout (squeezing rollers) is consistent with the speed of rotation of the mandrel. The content of components in the composition is also adjusted by squeezing rolls. The curing wound on the mandrel of the billet is carried out with heat treatment or in special chambers, or by the heaters placed on the mandrel itself.

Molding from fiberglass of shell products with a concave outer surface (for example, the bottom) is performed on an inflatable convex mandrel with subsequent crimping in a rigid form along the outer contour. In the case of winding the shells of double curvature, special attention is paid to the accuracy of laying fiberglass threads on the surface of the form.

In the production of fiberglass pipes, the molding method allows you to fully mechanize the technological process and make it continuous. Such pipes have a smooth inner surface and are characterized by high strength indicators.

For fiberglass molding, winding machines of various structures are used. The most simple design of machines with a rotating rim and reciprocating launcher, from which the filler comes to the mandrel is made. In the planetary type machines, the layout rotates in the plane, which almost coincides with the axis of the mandrel, while the mandrel rotates at a very low speed. In the machines for molding small products, the mandrel rotates in two planes, while the layout remains fixed.

The designs of the used mandrels for the production of fiberglass products using the winding method are varied: from simple pipes and rods to complex collapsible mandrels (in case of winding of non-cylindrical shells with transverse dimensions up to 10 m). At the same time, the mandrel must satisfy the basic requirements: to be able to easily remove the finished product from it, should provide a given size accuracy and cleanliness of the product surface.

Manufacture of fiberglass pipes by centrifugal molding

Fiberglasss are composite materials based on polymer binding and fiberglass fillers. Fiberglass differ from conventional plastics with high elasticly strength properties. The high values \u200b\u200bof the elastic-strength characteristics of fiberglass are achieved due to the choice of the optimal type of the matrix and the composition of the glass, their correct compound based on the terms of the compatibility of their deformations, accounting for the orientation of the reinforcing elements, creating a certain nature of the geometric laying of elements in space. Methods for the production of fiberglass products are diverse and this is due to the peculiarities of the properties of the source materials, the difference in the shape and size of products, the features of the technologies used.

One of the methods of molding used in the manufacture of fiberglass products is the method of centrifugal molding. Centrifugal molding is used in the production of pipes from fiberglass. In this case, as a rule, simultaneously with a pipe from fiberglass, connective elements are drawn up (in particular, threaded).

The technology of centrifugal molding products from fiberglass includes two stages. At the first stage, the filler is sealing on the walls of the rotating form, the binder is performed at the second stage. The binder is fed (depending on the size of the pipe) or evenly along the entire length of the form, or from one or two ends of the form. The binder is distributed over the entire surface of the form under the action of centrifugal forces. The impregnation time is one of the most important parameters of the process, since the feed rate of the binder in the shape and the speed of moving the front of the impregnation along the shape axis should be such that the impregnation time is less than the time of the viability of the binder. At the same time, the impregnation time depends on the size of the pipe, the nature of the orientation of the filler fibers relative to the direction of movement of the binder, the viscosity of the binder.

Machines for the manufacture of fiberglass pipes using centrifugal molding method are diverse and differ in the main system of the supporting device for the centrifugal form. Steel centrifugal forms are used both on axis and indefinite. Reconciling forms make it easy to remove the products, but are difficult to maintain. The removal of products with indefinite forms does not represent large difficulties, however, the use of an intermediate layer application in the technology makes it difficult to use such a process in practice. The design of the form for constricular molding with the system is considered more rational, where the attachment of removable flanges is carried out using centrifugal shutters.

Manufacture of fiberglass products using when forming a broach method

Polymer matrices of various types are chosen to obtain composite materials with high operational properties. The polymer binders used are characterized by good adhesion to most fillers, reinforcing components and substrates, as well as a unique combination of properties that meet different applications. At the same time, the complex characteristics of composite materials are sentiently changed by using various reinforcing systems, including fiberglass fillers.

The type of reinforcing filler predetermines the choice of the method of molding products from fiberglass. Fiberglass in the form of threads, harnesses and ribbons are used when winding; chopped fiber is used when spraying and preliminary forming of blanks; Fiberglass in the form of canvas and fabrics is used when impregnated under pressure, contact molding, pressing. Combining a binder with fibrous filler is usually carried out directly when the product molding. More rarely use a pre-combined molding composition, or pre-impregnated canvases and fabrics.

Fiberglass with oriented structure have anisotropic properties. Obtaining the necessary relationship of fiberglass properties in various directions is one of the main advantages of these composite materials. The highest values \u200b\u200bof elasticly strength indicators can be obtained in the direction of reinforcement. However, such fiberglass with unidirectional location of the fibers are used in relatively limited areas of use, since products from fiberglass during operation are more often in a complex intense state.

The method of broaching can produce products from fiberglasss in the form of pipes and various profiles. Molding technology by pulling a series of operations: impregnating fiberglass filler binder; broach through a hole of a certain form (with simultaneous pressed excess of binder and filler sealing); molding on a specific profile; Curing upon subsequent heat treatment in the thermocamera. To move the formable profile, pulling rolls are used. Using the broach method is used mainly to obtain products with a unidirectional fiberglass arrangement, subject to significant compressive loads (in particular for use as a mine crepe).

To improve the profile properties in the transverse direction, the use of broach and winding methods are combined. The formulated profile has a longitudinally spaced thread in the composition and can be pulled out through the calibration hole. Cross-wound threads increase the transverse strength. Production of products using broaching is used in construction for the manufacture of corrugated and flat sheets from fiberglass.

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Fiberglass is a composite material designed for the manufacture of both simple items used in everyday life and more complex products that are part of a complex design. At this time, there are different technologies for the manufacture of fiberglass, all of them are quite complex and requires the availability of specialized equipment.

If you consider the question about the manufacture of fiberglass with your own hands, then from all existing technologies, preference is better to give the so-called method of manual formation. On how to make fiberglass at home and what materials it will be necessary for this first, it will be described below.

Fiberglass is one of the varieties of composite materials, very widely used today in both industry and in everyday life. The main elements of fiberglass are: polymer resin, special filler, and reinforcing elements.

Fiberglass has a relatively small weight, about 300-900 grams per 1 m², although in many respects this indicator depends on the thickness of the product. As mentioned above, for the manufacture of fiberglass with their own hands, it is preferable to apply the method of manual formation method, without the use of expensive equipment for these purposes.

The process of manufacturing fiberglass, thus looks like this:

1. First, a selection and cutting of fiberglass is made;
2. Then the separation layer is made in the matrix;
3. A coating layer and laying of the material in the matrix prepared for these purposes are created;
4. Polymer composition is applied;
5. Drying is made of material.

The final stage of the manufacture of fiberglass at home is the processing of the product after its drying.

So, consider the first stage of the manufacture of fiberglass, which begins with the choice of materials for the matrix. With one-time manufacture of a fiberglass product, a matrix for these purposes can be pulled out, for example, from a gypsum solution. If you need to make a large number of fiberglass details, it is best to use a steel matrix for this.

Now as for the polymer resin, since its composition may also be different. Here, everything largely depends on the characteristics of the product obtained, as it:

1. Color;
2. Waterproof;
3. Working temperature and immunity to ultraviolet;
4. Softness, fragility and impact resistance;
5. Exposure to chemicals.

Styling fiberglass in the matrix is \u200b\u200bcarried out after its pre-cutting. If the matrix has a complex form, then the use of individual fiberglass elements is allowed to uniform layer formation in the matrix.

Next, the forming layer is applied to the surface of the matrix, for the convenience of extracting a dried product from it. The material for the separation layer can serve, for example, automotive wax or teflon gel.

After preparing the matrix in the one described above, the first layer (cover) fiberglass is poured into it. The coating layer consists of a polyester or epoxy resin. With its use, he should not be keen, because it is necessary to use the resin within 15 minutes.

So, after the coating layer is laid, and its thickness should vary within 0.4 mm, you can start styling the fiberglass into the matrix. First of all, the thinnest layer of fiberglass is stacked, not more than 300 g / m². It is necessary to ensure that emptiness and air bubbles are formed in the matrix.

The amount and thickness of the glued fiberglass into the matrix depends primarily on what strength should have a glass of fiberglass. The latter layer in the matrix consists of either finishing fiberglass, or from glass.

When the filled composition drops its strength, and this is about 12-24 hours, the finished fiberglass product is extracted from the form. This is followed by the final stage of processing, during which grinding and polishing work is performed.