What dimensions should be a tambura for disabled people. Tambour - this is a passage space between the outer and inner entrance doors c) sandy soils

Heat engineering calculation of translucent design in a cam area

Definition with Wikipedia:

Tambour (FR. Tambour "Drum") - a passing space between the doors, which serves to protect against penetration of hot or too cold air, smoke and odors at the entrance to the building, staircase or other rooms. Door sash are not a mandatory element of the tambura, there are "open tambura".

SP 59.13330.2012 Availability of buildings and structures for small groups of the population. Actualized edition Snip 35-01-2001.

Figure 1, 2 and 3 shows the required sizes of the tambour for people with disabilities.

Picture 1

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

According to the joint venture 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings" P.5 The reduced heat transfer resistance of external fences RO, M2 * C / W should be made not lower than the normalized RO REG values, which are set on table 3 of this joint venture depending on the degree of day of the heating period .

Minimum requirements for entrance doors (residential, medical and preventive and children's institutions, schools, boarding schools, hotels and hostels)

Ro Tr. \u003d 0.6 m2 * C / W.

For residential premises, medical and preventive and children's institutions, schools, boarding schools, hotels and hostels: here you can attract the pool (Fock)

We get Ro Tr. Refined \u003d ((2996/2000) * 0.15) + 0.5 \u003d 0.72 m2 * C / W - for the input Tambura group

0.15 This is 0.6-0.45 from the table 3 SP 50.13330.2012

0.5 of the note for B, HSOP to 6000 from table 3 SP 50.13330.2012

According to the joint venture 50.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings"), Formula 2:

HSOP - degreeso-day of the heating period, hail. C * SUT. This indicator is calculated by the formula:

For the Moscow region, for Tambura:

HSOP \u003d (TWN - Tot.per.) * Zot.per \u003d (20 - (+6)) * 214 \u003d 2996 Grad S. * Sut.

tot.per. - average temperature of the heating period, O.C \u003d -3.1 (for the Moscow region (Dmitrov - 3.1; Kashira -3.4); Moscow -2.2 Grad.s.).

In our cases will be +6.

According to CP Rules 131.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-01-99 "Construction climatology and geophysics"), Table 3.1 Column 11, 12.

Duration, day, and average air temperature, ° C, period with an average daily air temperature ≤ 8 degrees. FROM.

Zot.per. - Duration of the heating period, day. \u003d 214 days

According to CP Rules 131.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-01-99 "Construction climatology and geophysics"), Table 3.1 Column 11, 12. (Dmitrov - 216 days; Kashira - 212 days; Moscow - 205 days).

It is also necessary to refer to the section (volume) of the project documentation "Events to ensure the energy efficiency and requirements of the equipment of buildings of taking into account energy resources", if briefly, that energy efficiency.

Heat transfer resistance r0 \u003d b / λ (m2 * s / w)

b - the thickness of the insulation (M);

λ - Calculated thermal conductivity (W / m * c)

The greater the magnitude of the heat transfer resistance R, the more efficient the insulation and the more energy-saving house.

The condition RσPR ≥ Rσmin should always be performed.

RσPR - the above-mentioned heat transfer of the enclosing structures (M2 * C / W)

Rσmin - accepted on table 3 SP 50.13330.2012, see above,

there will be 0.72 m2 * C / W

0 Kelvin \u003d -273.15 hail s.; 283 K \u003d 9.85 degrees s.; 298 K \u003d 24.85 Grad S.

For outdoor insulation, we take the testimony of the SP 23-101-2004

Example of valbots, λ25 \u003d 0.040 W / (M * K) for;

R0 (insulation of Valtts) \u003d 0.1 m / 0.040 W / (m * k) \u003d 2.5 (m2 * C / W)

Table 1

According to the node 1 we get

λ \u003d 0.032 - the estimated thermal conductivity of Penoplax (W / m * c)

Penopelex is one of the most economical method of energy saving.

The combustible group G4 according to GOST 30244-94 (strong-horror)

Translucent Fencing Constructions: All types of enclosing structures, including the elements of filling lights in the outer walls with a function of transmitting visible light.

Penopelex must be used only in the base part of the building due to its strong brand.

table 2

R0 (Penoplax) \u003d 0.032 m / 0.032 (W / m * C) \u003d 1 (m2 * C / W) - the reduced resistance of the heat transfer of the enclosing structures

1 ≥ 0.72 Condition is performed

n is a coefficient that takes into account the dependence of the position of the outer surface of the enclosing structures relative to the outer air and the table 3 shown in Table 3;

Table 3.

The temperature on the inner surface of the fence is determined by the formula according to SNiP 23-02-2003 formula (4) "Thermal protection of buildings":

According to GOST 30494-2011 "Buildings of residential and public", for the premises of residential buildings and hostels

Period of the year - cold

tEXT or TNAR - the calculated outdoor air temperature during the cold period of the year, ° C, for all buildings, in addition to production buildings intended for seasonal operation, taken equal to the average temperature of the coldest five-day security of 0.92., Will be -28

tWN or TINT- internal air temperature indoors, hail. C. \u003d +6 (thermal curtain in the tambour)

Temperature on the inner surface of the fence:

τ int \u003d +6 - (1 * (+ 6 - (- 28)) / (1 * 8.7)) \u003d +2 degrees. FROM

The coefficients of alpha (internal) or by the old alpha (int) - the heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the enclosing structures, W / (M * C) by SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of the buildings received by Table 4.

Did someone come to the mind of thought, why in the cold season in the apartment the door is not covered with the other? Of course, the first thing that comes to mind is good thermal insulation doors. But not only in this case. The main reason for the lack of land on the door is the presence of a vestibule - a small space that divides the entrance doors to the apartment and street. This room is also in a private house. But first things first.

The general concept of Tambura

There are several values \u200b\u200bof the tambourine room, but they all have to be reduced to one. So, the vestibule is a separate room or its small part, which prevents from entering cold air immediately into residential rooms. It serves someone where there are street and home air.

Another appointment of the Tambura is the detention of dirt, dust and sand, brought on the sole of the shoes. Whatever the rug or in front of the entrance door or inside the apartment and at home, he will not be able to provide complete purity. But a separate room where you can change street shoes to homemade, it will be quite cope with such a task.

Construction rates that would regulate the mandatory sizes of the tambour, do not exist. But when it designs it, you should consider at least the width of the inner door, which, as a rule, opens out. Therefore, the minimum depth of the tambour should be 1.3-1.5 m. If additional use of the campaign space is assumed, then, respectively, it must be increased.

The location of the Tambura and its necessity

In its location, the tambour can be built into the house or in the form of an extension (private

In public institutions also often happens a tambour. In this case, when it is construction, it should be noted that the more people will come / leave at the same time, the more difficult it is to be a tambour plan. Otherwise it makes no sense from him at all, because Cold air will quickly get inside.

Many people believe that the vestibule is a completely unnecessary room in the house. It either eats a part of the residential space or requires additional costs of an extension. In fact, the cost of its construction is quite justified, because Funds for housing heating with a tambourine is required significantly less than without it. This is especially noticeable in the terrain where the cold season lasts long enough.

Tambour in a private house

The construction of the Tambura was already invented for a long time ago, when a small extension to a private house was called the word "senia". Today, such a room can be issued in any style and use not only as a buffer zone. For example, using double-glazed windows, you can build airship, which will perfectly perform the basic functions of the tambura. If the room is quite spacious, and the windows are large, then a great veranda will be obtained, where at the warm season you can collect at the guest table.

In a tambourous room there may be not only internal and exterior doors, but also the entrance to another room. So, often from the tambura make an entrance to then and in wet or cold weather there will be no need to go out to get into the car, and the gasoline pairs will not penetrate the housing. An additional door can also lead to a household building or boiler room.

Vestibule in an apartment building

Tambour in the entrance, directly at the entrance, in modern homes does not always happen. More precisely, the room and the entrance door, of course, is. But the next inner door separating the entrance to the staircase may not be.

The tambour in the apartment building is also called the room separating 2 or more apartments from the rest of the corridor. Such a barrier usually do not develop developers, but the owners themselves after the settlement. If you appeal in this case to the law, such premises are possible only if the remaining owners of apartments located on this floor are not against redevelopment. Also when building a tambura in an apartment building, such conditions should be considered:

• entrance doors to the apartment to neighbors should be opened freely;
• in the separated area there should be no common electric shields, cables and so on.

Finishing Tambura

First of all, the tambura finish is needed in a private house. The attached room is desirable to further insulate, applying thermal insulation materials. You can fasten them both inside and outside the room. The heat-insulating layer is perfect on top and switch to the materials for the outside are chosen in accordance with the general concept of the house.

The built-in vestibule does not require additional insulation, it will be enough for him to finish. Walls of a tambourine can be painted, impose texture plaster on them, to climb plastic panels - i.e. Use such materials that do not react to temperature differences and are not afraid of cold.

The flooring of the tambura should be chosen such that it corresponds to the following parameters:

• it was durable;
• durable (or at least easy to install);
• easy to care.

Such characteristics correspond to the linoleum, and ceramic tiles, and porcelain stoneware. If desired, you can use more expensive materials, for example, a stone.

Often in apartment buildings of Tambour - this is a room that enjoy the inhabitants of two or more apartments. And therefore, the finish finish may not be at all. But if the relationship between the neighbors is good, the finish finish is performed jointly. Materials in this case are selected similar to the fact that they are used in a private house in the tambour.

Operation of the tambourine

In addition to the basic functions for the protection of residential premises from cold and dirt, tambour can serve as a storage room. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe room allows you to put a wardrobe in it, for example, for instruments or sports accessories. The entrance pattern in an apartment building can be used to store various edible reserves, because, unlike the similar room in a private house, there will be no negative temperatures here, but it will not be too warm.

In a small room you can just sit down and install a small shelf for shoes. To the rug really delayed dirt, it should be chosen especially carefully. In this case, the option of metal shallow mesh with a rubber base is suitable. The basis will not give a rug sliding, and in the cells of the grid there will be dust and sand.

Heating Tambura

Regarding the heating of the tambourous room there is a lot of disputes. The vestibule in a private house is one situation. For construction standards, the heating devices cannot be installed there. First, it can lead to freezing of the coolant. Secondly, even if it does not freeze, the costs of heating itself will increase. This is also not very profitable. Therefore, if there is a big desire to supply a tambour with additional heating, you should stop your choice on a warm floor system. He and the room will warm a little, and dry wet shoes.

An alternative option is to install a split system over the entrance doors. Exterior doors then will be separated by a jet of warm air. The power of the system does not necessarily choose a large (considering the small room size), and it will not work constantly. Public institutions (shopping centers, banks and other institutions) are often resorted to this method. Naturally, in this case, the power of the split system must be greater than in a private house.

In the apartments rarely in Tamburas use additional insulation, because In the entrance there are heating devices and there are enough of them to warm the room. But if there is a goal, for example, dry shoes in the wet and cold season, then in this situation there will also be a warm floor system. Another point is the accession of Tambura to the apartment and its insulation. But such an action is illegal, because Tambour in this case is part of a common corridor and it is impossible to assign it.

What else is called a tambour?

Tambour is not only a room that protects residential space from cold and dirt. There is another meaning of this word. So, a tambour means a special kind of knitting (embroidery).

In addition, there is a tambour on the train of the Wagon. It also protects the inner room from cold, smoke and wind.

Is there a tambour in a private house, whether to separate the apartment with an additional door from the site or not - decides each owner himself, but the presence of this small room obviously gives a lot of positive moments.

Lecture 4.

Structural (Functional) Building Elements: Apartment, Section, Overhead and Underground Floors, Attic, Attic, Balcony, Loggia, Terrace, Tambour, etc.

Flat (see lecture №1)– a group of interrelated premises designed to accommodate one family. All apartments are divided into two zones: 1 - evening rooms and daylight (shared room, kitchen), 2 - intimate zone (bedroom, san.uzla).

Section of a residential building- Part of the building, whose apartment have an exit to one staircase directly or through the corridor and separated from other parts of the building a deaf wall. The length of corridors that do not have lighting in the ends and adjacent to the staircase should not exceed 12 m. The total area of \u200b\u200bapartments on the section sections should not exceed 500 m 2.

Overhead floor- Floor when the floor is noted not lower than the planning mark of the Earth.

Floor basement- Floor when the floor is marked below the land laying mark more than half the height of the room.

Technical floor- floor to accommodate engineering equipment and gaskets; It may be located in the lower (technical underground), the top (technical attic) or in the middle of the building.

Floor Central - Floor when the floor is marked below the earth's planning mark on the height of not more than half the height of the premises.

* Floor mansard (attic) - floor in the attic space, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of the inclined or broken roof, and the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of not more than 1.5 m from the flooring level of the attic floor.

Attic - space between the surface of the coating (roofs), outer walls and overlapping of the upper floor.

Ladder-elevator node- A room intended to accommodate vertical communications, - staircase and elevators.

elevator hall- room before entrances to elevators.

Balcony- protruding from the plane of the wall of the facade fenced platform, serving for relaxing in the summer.

Veranda- Glazed unheated room, attached to the building or built into it.

Loggia - blocked and fenced in terms of three sides room, open to the external space, serving to relax in summer time and sunscreens.

Terrace - fenced open extension to the building in the form of a platform for recreation, which can have a roof; It is located on Earth or above the founded floor.

Cold pantry - Storeroom with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 2 m 2, placed in the unheated volume of the apartment.

Mine for venting- The hollow vertical space protected by the ventilation grille on the entire height of the building with a horizontal cross section of at least 1/30 of the total area of \u200b\u200ball ventilated apartments on the floor.

Bay window - Separation of the facade of the facade, partially or completely glazed, improving its illumination.

Tambour - Passionate space between doors, serving to protect against penetration of cold air, smoke and odors at the entrance to the building, staircase or other rooms.

Foundations and foundations. General: types of ground bases; Types of foundations; Depth of the foundation, requirements for foundations.

1. Basic concepts

Fig.2.1. Foundation scheme

1 is the foundation - an underground or underwater part of the building that perceives the load and transmitting it to the base.

3.4 - the base is the underlineation of soils that perceive the load from the foundation.

3 - carrier layer in which the sole of the foundation is located;

4 - underlying base layers

5 - the sole of the foundation - the plane that the foundation rests on the ground;

6 - Foundation Crop - Upper border between the foundation and the outfundant design

H - the foundation height - the distance between the sole and the edge

D - the depth of the foundation - the distance from the planning surface of the Earth to the sole of the foundation

2. Depth of the Foundation

The depth of the foundation is depends on:

depths of the primer of the soil (climatic area);

geological and hydrological conditions of the site (types of soils, their physical condition, the depth of the location of durable soil, the presence of groundwater (groundwater level - AGB), their marks and oscillations);

design features of the building (eg: presence or absence of basement);

the values \u200b\u200band nature of loads on the base;

the depths of the launch of the foundations of adjacent buildings

The depth of the foundation is taken according to P.P. 2.25-2.33. Snip 2.02.01-83 * "The foundations of buildings and structures".

3. Types of base

3.1. According to engineering and geological signs, the foundation may be

BUT) rock and semi-flop (crafted rocks in the form of a solid massif)

Rock soils are ground with solid arrays or fractured layers and (in the absence of cracks or voids) are the most durable base.

Rock soils include granites, quartzites, sandstones, limestone, etc.

The soils that have strength when compressing the sample in a water-saturated state of less than 50 kg / cm2 are called semi-coal soils (soluble plaster and gypsum sandstones, dense clays and sandstones).

Pros (+): Durable;

Cons (-): may be collapsed in cracks under the influence of precipitation and wastewater;

B) large-grass soils

There are non-linked fragments of rock rocks containing over 50% of the fragments larger than 2 mm.

They are divided into crushed stone, deres, pebbles and gravel.

Not subject to swelling, simply, do not blur with water.

+: The foundations of them are reliable.

C) sandy soils

Consist of particles of 0.1 to 2.0 mm particles and.

They are divided into grave, large, medium size, small and dusty, and according to mineral composition - for quartz, shale and limestones. The most durable quartz sands.

With an increase in the content of dust and clay particles, the strength of the sandy soil decreases.

Due to significant water permeability, the moisturizing of grave, large and medium sandy sands almost does not affect their mechanical properties, and during the saturation of the water of small and dust sands the latter becomes fluid (floating).

+: Large and clean sands during freezing are not intimidated, give a quick, final sediment under load and are a good base.

D) clay soils

Soils that possess plasticity and connectedness.

Consist the smallest particles of the scaly shape with dimensions in terms of less than 0.005 mm and a thickness of less than 0.001 mm. Due to the large specific surface of the contact and the presence of thin capillaries, suction of groundwater, the mutual attraction of particles, which causes the viscosity of clay soils.

The clay soils include clay, sandy and loam.

Clay is called clay soil containing more than 30% of clay particles; Suglink - a soil containing from 10 to 30% of the same particles and soup - from 3 to 10%.

+: in solid and low-voltage condition - good foundations

-: in plastic condition - low bearing capacity;

E) soils of a special state

Frozen and eternal soils;

Ledsova, stepdown (give sharp drawdown when soaking)

Sands floating (moving, low bearing capacity)

Water-saturated sands (give prepaid for dynamic and vibratory loads)

Preventing the penetration of fire, gases, steam, dust and other harmful substances from one room to another, as well as to maintain the specified parameters of the air in the premises.

Purpose

Entrance tamburas are designed to protect against cold air penetration when opening doors. In areas with a long-term cold period and strong winds, double tambura are arranged, in the conditions of the middle strip are arranged ordinary single tamburas, in the southern regions with a hot climate, the exits are arranged without tambourists. : 256 A case is known when in a residential building built in 1918, in front of the entrance to the Seni there was a porch -Tamber without doors with an open staircase and a runduch, a trimmed vertical board and a covered independent single-sided roof.

Device

The width of the tambourists takes more width of the openings 0.5 meters (0.25 meters on each side of the opening), and the depth is larger than the width of the door cloth by 0.2 meters, but not less than 1.2 meters. : 255 Protective properties of the tambourists depend on their layout. For travel gateways, the sizes that allow you to enter it, close the doors and open the next door. Based on these conditions, the depth of the tambour gateway is taken by 30 cm more door width, but not less than 1.2 meters, and the width of 0.6 meters is larger than the width of the doorway. : 256.

In Tambour-gateways, rooms of categories A and B, premises with excretion of harmful gases or vapors 1 and 2 hazard classes should include mechanical supply ventilation with an outdoor air supply to create an overpressure around the clock and year-round.

Tambour-gateways in fireproof obstacles should be protected by drainage curtains with a specific flow rate of at least 1 l / (· m). As a rule, the curtains should be installed inside the tambour; Taking into account the specific conditions of the object of protection, they can be provided in two threads both inside and outside.

It is forbidden to arrange exits in Tamburas (with the exception of apartments and individual residential buildings) dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes, and also to store (including temporarily) inventory and materials.

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Notes

Links

Literature

• Tambour // Brief Encyclopedia of the Household. - m.: State Scientific Publishing House "Big Soviet Encyclopedia", 1959.

Excerpt characterizing vestibule

Returning to Moscow from the army, Nikolai Rostov was accepted by homemade as the best son, hero and beloved Nichushka; relatives - as a cute, pleasant and respectful young man; Familiar - like a beautiful hussar lieutenant, a dexterous dancer and one of the best grooms of Moscow.
Acquaintance from Rostova was all Moscow; the old year of the old graph was enough, because all the estates were rebounded, and therefore Nikiushka, the head of her own lyry and the most fashionable rates, special, what no one else in Moscow, and the boots, the most fashionable, with the most Sharp socks and small silver spurs, spent time very fun. Rostov, returning home, tested a pleasant feeling after a certain period of time to try herself to old living conditions. It seemed to him that he was very mature and grew. Despair for the unbearable from the law of God's exam, making money from Gavrille on the cab driver, secret kisses with Sonya, he remembered all this, as about the childhood, from which he was immeasurably far away. Now he is a hussar lieutenant in a silver mention, with Soldiers, George, is preparing his trick for running, along with famous hunters, elderly, respectable. He has a familiar lady on the boulevard, to which he rides in the evening. He conducted a Mazurka on the ball at Arkharov, talked about the war with Field Marshal Kamensky, was in the English club, and was on you with one forty-male colonel, with whom he introduced his Denisov.
The passion for his sovereign somewhat weakened in Moscow, since he did not see him during this time. But he often talked about the sovereign, about his love for him, giving feeling that he still says everything that something else is in his feeling to the sovereign, which cannot be all clear; And with all souls, the sense of adoration to Emperor Alexander Pavlovich, who, in Moscow, was given the name of Angel in Moscow at the time in Moscow.
In this short stay of Rostov in Moscow, before departure to the army, he did not get together, and on the contrary I went out with Sonya. She was very good, Mila, and, obviously, passionately in love with him; But he was at that time of his youth, when it seems so much of the way that there is no time to do it, and the young man is afraid to contact - values \u200b\u200bhis freedom that he needs much more. When he thought about Sona in this new stay in Moscow, he spoke himself: e! There is still a lot, there will be many such things there, somewhere, I still unknown. I still have time when I want to do it and love, and now there is no time. In addition, it seemed to him something humiliating for his courage in a female society. He traveled to the balls and in the women's society, pretending to do it against the will. Bega, English Club, a bush with Denisov, a trip there - it was another thing: it was decently wellman to Hussar.

Tambour at the entrance - The passage space between the doors, serving to protect against penetration of cold air when entering the building.

In some cases, the object on the object may be absent. In the absence of a tambura, only the entrance door and the threshold to it are examined. The lack of a tambura does not affect availability.

SP 59.13330.2016 - 6.1.8 The depth of the tambour and tambour gateways with direct movement and one-sided opening of the doors should be at least 2.45 m with width not less than 1.6 m.

With sequential The location of the attached doors must ensure that the minimum free space between them was not less than 1.4 m Plus the width of the door of the door, which opens in the doorway.

Often, this room is limited in size, which creates difficulties for a disabled person when passing into the building (from the building). Standards are determined by minimal dimensions of the tambourines necessary for the passage of wheelchair people.

SP 59.13330.2016 - 6.1.8 Free space at the door side of the handle must be: when opening from itself - at least 0.3 m, when opening up to itself - at least 0.6 m.

At the depth of the tambura from 1.8 m to 1.5 m (during reconstruction) its width must be at least 2.3 m.

The existing objects are allowed by the dimensions of the tambourists, ensuring the safe passage of the disabled on wheelchairs not less than 1.5 x 2.0 m.

Tambura depth Determined in the direction of movement from the entrance door, the width is an across direction.

For tambours with a turn, permissible dimensions indicate randomly.

In practice, there are Tamboras of various planning. To prevent drafts, often in Tambura can be found the location of the doors with the displacement. The dimensions of the tambouries may differ from the regulatory. For independent passage of the disabled person on the wheelchair, it is necessary to provide a free zone in the Tambur with a diameter minimum 1.2 M.that does not intersect with the door opening zone.