Quality control of the current repair of asphalt concrete coatings. Machines for the current repair of asphalt coatings. and other machines, storage sites, as well as sites

P an increased decision of the eternal problem

G. the lavetled difference of the current repair of asphalt from the capital is the possibility of its implementation without the complete replacement of the road surface, that is, at times faster and cheaper, but with a good practical result (with the restoration of up to 85% of the functional characteristics of the new road cover). At the same time, I would like to emphasize that the current repair is not a forced semi-meter - this is a kind of full road repair.

Depending on the objectives of them pursued, the maintenance of the asphalt is made to divide the three main groups:

fractured (sealing cracks of installed thicknesses and depths);
meal (elimination of large picking);
carpets (the local update of the asphalt canvas by smoothing the so-called "wear carpets").

Measuring repairs are the most common among all of the above. It is used everywhere - and on city streets, and on the roads of local importance, and on country highways. The positive effect of it is high, regardless of the overall state of the repair pavement. Unless, of course, the repair was performed in accordance with the installed technology.

Meal repair, how professionals see him

The technological sequence of the production of stalk repair is quite simple:

purification of waste from garbage, dust, soil, asphalt drossy (cleaning is performed by compressor method - "purge");
heating edges potholes (needed to improve adhesion);
filling the asphalt mixture (with a preliminary application of a bitumen emulsion);
pressing the surface (contributes to the alignment and sealing of the asphalt mixture).

Asphalting of roads and other communications has always been very important in our lives. But sooner or later, it is possible to observe such a phenomenon as the depreciation of the road canvase. They can appear in the road surface cracks, chips, potholes, and even pits, that is, in some places of various parts of the canvas require asphalt repair.

The production technology of the road surface repair was developed and mastered for a long time, but today we can face cases of unfair execution of repair work. However, it no longer belongs to the technology itself, it simply appears the need to demand compliance with all established rules from managers.

Yes, the destruction of asphalt - the phenomenon is quite frequent even in highly developed countries, and not only with us.

This happens, despite the characteristics of strength, water resistance, frost resistance, and the like parameters.

There is a moment when it is still necessary to resort to the repair of asphalt. Asphalt - the material in principle is not very durable, besides, there are many of the most different factors that will be discussed below.

Features of asphalt

Asphalt is also called asphalt concrete. In principle, asphalt concrete is similar to concrete - it also consists of sand, rubble and binding components. But in contrast to concrete, where the astringent component is cement, in the asphalt by this component is created by processing petroleum products bitumen.

Asphalt is a very durable material, but, however, after time, there are various classes of pits in it, potholes.

Asphalt wear occurs in a number of factors, and not only because of the relatively large pressure of the vehicle onto the road surface:

Weather-climatic conditions, of which the most destructive is frost;
In addition, ultraviolet, which eventually destroys bitumen, and even oil from machines dull affects the road surface.

In general, with these phenomena you need to fight. Eliminates the problems with the road surface, although it is necessary to apply a set of measures to prevent.

On the asphalt coatings, new coatings are applied every few years, and various cracks of potholes are treated with a special waterproof sealant.

These sealants are necessary in order to fight with different chemicals. And if the asphalt is already starting to crumble - then it is necessary to change the coverage in this place entirely. If cracks are more than 20 mm, then you can use a special repair makeup with the addition of sand, it is necessary to create more rigid content. After application it is necessary to give all the components to dry.

Both cracks and pit and potholes have different sizes, so it is necessary to use a wide variety of technologies.

If in small cracks, you can use various kinds of sealants, then to eliminate yams and chosel, with a diameter more conventional damage, use the so-called "cold asphalt". This material has its own articles and data that speaks of sufficiently high properties of cold asphalt. It is made directly from the packaging by falling asleep material on the surface being repaired and fully compliance with the process.

Also, factors affect the wear of the road surface as the incorrect technology of asphalt laying.

Asphalt laying nuances

In our country, unfortunately, it is not uncommon. The quality is very affected by the fact that the laying of asphalt occurs in a humid environment, although any builder should know that the moisture in the consistency of the material is not only not desirable, but also harmful. This is especially unfavorable when the moisture that fell inside the canvas freezes and destroys the inner integrity of the road surface, significantly worsening its characteristics.

And of course, when working in wet conditions, it is very difficult to achieve adhesion of the foundation and asphalt itself.

Such phenomena are very common as soil drawdown under the roadbed, leading to its deformation in separate areas. Often the load on the road cannon exceeds the maximum allowable properties of the properties of the material used.

Very bad impact on the quality of the road surface has a rush under the groundwater linen. In such cases, the repair of asphalt is already more thorough, often with a complete replacement of not only asphalt coating, but also the entire foundation of the road. This repair goes into the category of major repairs, when a large number of equipment and building materials can be used.

When to carry out overhaul of asphalt

So, the overhaul is produced, if necessary, very serious solutions of the problems of the roadway. This repair implies two types of repair:

First - This is when the top layer is removed - asphalt and lining. The spoiled area is reappeared with sand, poured with various solutions, and then everything is laid again with bitumen. Top with a completely new asphalt coating;
Second The type of overhaul is when the repair of asphalt in principle does not make sense at high damage, and it remains only to prepare the laying of the new roadway, given the need to comply with all the required norms and rules.

But often not required, especially in cases where its construction was carried out with the full observance of all necessary norms. If the web is damaged, only the current repairs are required, which affects only the asphalt state. The maintenance of asphalt is usually carried out in cases where it is necessary to correct small shortcomings, pushing some small parts, to livel cracks or eliminate relatively small pensions and pits.

The consumer properties of the automotive road are primarily speed, continuity, safety and convenience of motion, bandwidth and boot level. Operational, timely and high-quality elimination of constantly emerging defects on roads - the main goal of services engaged in the maintenance of country roads and the street-road network of cities. The coating should not have drawdowns, chosel, cracks and other damage difficult to move the movement of vehicles and affect road safety. The limiting area of \u200b\u200bdamage to the coatings and their elimination are given in GOST R 50597-93.

The impact of dynamic loads from the movement of modern vehicles on road surfaces, and therefore, the internal voltages arising in them are many times higher than those on which road clothing is being calculated, which is why the asphalt concrete layers are faster and agreed.

Wear is due to various reasons, for example, due to the initially low quality of materials, violation of technology in the production of road construction work. A frequent error in the device of non-rigid road clothes is non-compliance with the required temperature mode of the asphalt concrete mixture and, as a result, the unsatisfactory seal, which is due to the operation of the road and are formed irregularities, deformations, peeling, chipping, cracks, chips, pens, pits. But as experience shows, even when fulfilling all the requirements of standards and obtaining high-quality asphalt concrete on the coating, it is impossible to prevent the development of deformations and damage that reduces the service life of road clothing and the efficiency of automotive transport.

Maintenance

Annually current coating repair is required for 2-3% of the total road surface area. When serious damage and defects reach 12-15%, it is customary to repair 100% of the area.

The current repair of asphalt concrete coatings occurs with the use of various technologies and materials, which in the aggregate determines the quality, reliability and cost, that is, the effectiveness of repair work. This type of repair includes eliminating cracks, elevated, drawdowns, repair of roughness and flattening coating, device of wear layers. At the same time, the main goal is to provide on the road a safe comfortable movement of vehicles with permitted traffic rules.

The repair of road surfaces perform most often in the warm season at a temperature not lower than +5 ° C and dry weather. But if the resulting destruction can lead to severe consequences, conducting urgent unscheduled or emergency repair does not depend on the time of year and weather conditions.

The choice of the technological method of repair must meet certain regulatory requirements and criteria for efficiency for the timely elimination of defects on the road surface within the prescribed time frame and is the right and obligation of the customer and the manufacturer of the work. The elimination of the defect should be high quality and comply with the required density, strength, evenness and roughness of the main part of the coating. The renovated area as a result of the work carried out and, subject to all regulations, will last long and will not create problems all overlook.

Measuring renovation

On the streets of the cities of Russia and most of the roads with an improved type of coatings, asphalt concrete (up to 95-96%) is laid, so the bulk and the greatest variety of repair materials, machines and technologies belong to this type of coatings. The most affordable and common method of their repair is the meal repair of a hot asphalt concrete mixture due to the availability of materials and proven technology of work.

An example of equipment for such a repair can be the boiler - the Tekfalt Crackfalt seams folder - reliable equipment for all installations for sealing cracks in road coatings and airports. All installation types are equipped with a capacity of 300 and 500 liters and various equipment supplied by the equipment: a double bitumen spear, a heat pipe with direct or indirect thermal heating, etc. On the market, this brand represents the ISP Group of Companies, which is the exclusive distributor of Tekfalt Makina As (Turkey).

The slow development of the methods of naval repairs using emulsion-mineral, wet organ-mineral mixtures and cold polymer asphalt concrete predetermines the wide availability of both the source materials for their own preparation of the hot mixture and the products of asphalt plants.

The quality and, accordingly, the deadlines for the service of repaired defective places are associated with the quality of the preparation of the map to repair, the delivery of the mixture with the proper temperature, the quality of the mixture sealing and in general, in compliance with the rules, requirements and technologies of repair work. Properly performed preparatory work contributes to improving the quality of patch and guarantee the full operation of the road cover 3-4 years and more. The meal repair, made without proper training, will provide the service life of the coating 2-4 times less.

purification of dust, dirt and moisture;
marking of repair boundaries by straight lines along and across the axis of the road with a gripping of a non-destructive coating layer by 3-5 cm, while several closely located elevation are combined by one outline or card;
carding cards with manual sutures of seams, flushing and removing the cropped coating material using a flat-tip jackhammer (area of \u200b\u200bup to 2-3 m 2) or cold vertical milling of the repaired coating over the contour to the entire depth of the pothole, but not less the thickness of the coating layer with a large destruction area;
stripping the bottom and walls of the repair site from crumbs, dust, dirt and moisture;
treatment with a thin layer of bitumen or bitumen emulsion.

For example, high-quality preparation and subsequent repair of defective places provides the Tekfalt CombiFalt machine, which is a combination of a bituminous emulsion distributor and bitumen, sweeteing and watering machines. The capacity of tanks for emulsion and water is 4000-8000 liters each. Performance when the emulsion is distributed from 150 g / m 2 to 4 kg / m 2. There is a watering system of dusting.

Transportation of the asphalt concrete mixture when performing fine repair with a conventional dump truck is irrational. The mixture loses its plastic properties, it cools, it is flown and, as a result, it is worse and compacted, which leads to poor-quality repairs. In addition, often in the process of displacement does not require a large amount of asphalt mixture.

Thus, it is advisable to deliver a mixture from the asphalt concrete plant to the place of production of work, it is advisable to a vehicle equipped with a special thermal bunker that retains the mixture in a hot condition for several hours.

Machine-repair

For snack repair, a hot asphalt concrete mixture is used by special repair machines. On the basic machine, there is a thermal container for a hot asphalt concrete mixture with thermal insulation and heated; tank, pump and sprayer for bitumen emulsion; Compressor for cleaning and dedusting repair cards and drilling hammer for hardware repair cards, as well as vibrating plates for sealing asphalt concrete mixture. Repairers were distributed mainly due to greater economic feasibility of their application.

Today, the use of road repairs with thermal containers for the asphalt concrete mixture has proven its benefit and is widely used by road operational organizations that responsibly relate to their duties and are trying to carry out work with a high level of quality.

maintaining the temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture, which provides the possibility of its longer use without losing chemical-physical properties;
rational, economical use of the asphalt concrete mixture;
the lack of claims of organizations performing work to the manufacturers of the mixture, since the conditioning asphalt concrete mixture from the working temperature of the laying is used, which cannot be observed when the mixture is transported in the body dump truck;
due to the screw unloading, tearing material, is missing its seal, which occurs when transporting the mixture in the body of the dump truck;
lack of waste associated with the cooler of the material;
the possibility of using a container and for cold mixed material;
the possibility of using a container for the distribution of fine rubble (fraction size up to 8 mm), sand or other dry road construction materials;
no need for the distribution of material manually: thanks to the auger conveyor and discharge chute, the material is dosed distributed on the map;
reducing the number of road workers employed on repair;
time savings in the distribution of material on the map;
extension of the season of road construction work.

An example of domestic road repairs with an effective thermal bunker with a capacity of 4 to 6 m 3 (approximately for sealing 80-100 choseli and sizes of about 100x100x5 cm) can serve as a model range of universal ED-105 machines.

In the Tekfalt Patchfalt asphalt Tekfalt Patchfalt, the chosable of the Tekfalt Patchfalt coating is a thermally insulated triangular bunker with a capacity of 8-12 m 3, which can be complemented by an oil heater feeding the screw (which increases the performance) and manual emulsion distribution system.

Cast asphalt concrete

The use of cast asphalt concrete provides a lot of durability compared to other types of asphalt concrete. It has a high density, is the most waterproof, more resistant to corrosion, as well as less susceptible to wear.

From traditional asphalt concrete, cast asphalt concrete is highlighted by an increased to 7.5-10% (by weight) content of bitumen and an increased up to 20-30% of mineral powder. The rubble content (grains is larger than 5 mm) ranges from 0 to 50% by weight, which at this concentration causes the formation of a semicircled or frameless structure of the asphalt concrete. For cast mixtures, a higher temperature is also characterized when preparing, transporting and laying into a road surface. The increased content of the asphalt substance determines the fluidity of cast mixtures, thus there is no need to seal the stacked layer. Cast asphalt concrete acquires the necessary density after cooling.

Despite the higher cost of a cast mixture (10-25%) due to a higher content of bitumen and mineral powder, its use during the repair and construction of road surfaces provides savings due to long service life.

The production of cast asphalt concrete mixtures is carried out on asphalt mixing plants of periodic action. Their transportation to the placement site is carried out in special vehicles. The finished mass of cast asphalt concrete in its consistency is approaching a suspension, in which mineral particles are unevenly deposited. Miscellaneous because of this, the mixture quickly loses homogeneity and becomes unsuitable for use. If you move a similar mixture in conventional dump trucks, the stratification process is enhanced. Therefore, the transportation of cast mixtures to the placement location is made in special heat insulated mixers (thermos mixers, thermos-bunkers), also called cochhers (from it. Kocher - boiler, cooking machine) equipped with forced mixing systems and maintain a given temperature. After delivery to the production site, the mixture in a preheated state is unloaded on the prepared base in liquid or viscous consistency, followed by manually or mechanized method. The litter asphalt concrete mixture is placed at a temperature of from 200 to 250 ° C with a layer of 2.0 to 5.0 cm thick. Thus, work with it requires greater qualifications of repair brigades. This, along with a higher value of the sweeping, holds back the use of cast asphalt concrete.

An integral part of the technology of the device of the upper layers of coating of cast asphalt concrete is the process of creating a rough surface to ensure proper clutch coefficient by surface processing. Under the conditions of operation of the road surface treatment, rubble is also an additional protection of cast asphalt concrete from abrasive wear under the influence of studded car tires. On road surfaces, treatment is produced by the method of insertion of a fractionated rubble with a size of 5-10 mm or 5-20 mm into the surface of another hot asphalt concrete mixture, for which light smoothness rollers or manual vibratinglites are used.

Inkjet-injection repair

The inkjet-injecting cold technology of sealing chosel on the road surfaces with a bitumen emulsion and stone material is considered advanced and progressive, despite the fact that it has been used in Europe and successfully in America. The main feature of this technology is that all the necessary operations are performed by the working body of one machine (installation) of self-propelled or trailed type.

Machines for inkjet-injecting Repair must provide repair of coating damage under all weather conditions and without preliminary preparation of a repaired section, which is actually only a thorough cleaning of it from dust, garbage and moisture by blowing a high-speed air jet, washing and surface processing of a bitumen emulsion. .

Operations of cutting, fault or milling of asphalt concrete around potholes in this technology can not be carried out. When sealing, it is filled with small rubble, mixed with bitumen emulsion. Due to the involvement and supply of the rubble of the air jet, its laying in the pothole occurs at high speed, which provides a good seal.

It is possible to divide work at the same time on the next five stages.

- Removal of dust. The repair point is cleared, free from pieces of asphalt, rubble, dust, dirt. In winter, warming up.

- Progressing the place of repair of a bitumen emulsion.

- Filling the place of repair by small rubble, pre-treated bitumen emulsion in the machine mixing chamber.

- powder with untreated rubble.

- Seal. This operation is not provided for neither manufacturers of equipment nor regulatory documents, but produces a positive effect. It is necessary to rationally concentrate rubble in the elephant, and not only create a layer that is done under the wheels of cars, as a result of which cracks may appear, which during the rain are filled with water and are divided by hydraulic impact.

For the piston-in-in-injection cold technology, it is recommended to use a clean fine crushed stone fraction 5-15 mm and quickly disintegrating cationic (for acidic stone rocks, such as granite) or anionactive (for main stone rocks, for example limestone) Bituminous emulsion of 60% concentration .

For the production of bitumen emulsion, the Tekfalt Emulfalt machine is intended. The highly efficient colloidal mill with a capacity of 30 kW, designed and manufactured by Tekfalt, guarantees excellent quality of the emulsion produced even with impregnating Pen 50/70 bitumen. The loading funnel with a capacity of 316 liters is made of stainless steel. The models with a capacity from 2 to 30 tons / hour are offered.

Emulsion consumption for brewing the chipping and processing of rubble in the mixing chamber of the machine can approximately be 3-5% by weight of rubble. Pre-in the laboratory should check the adhesion of bitumen to the rubble and the breakdown time of the emulsion, which should not exceed 15-20 minutes. If necessary, adjustments should be made to the emulsion and adhesion additives.

basic chassis, KAMAZ-55111, MAZ-533603-240, trailer;
two-section bunker for two rubble fractions: 5-10 mm - 2.4 m 3, 10-15 mm - 2.4 m 3;
heated and insulated container at 1300 l for emulsion with the control of the level of emulsion in the tank;
water tank per 1000 l;
blows for pneumatic supply of high performance rubble (from 13 to 24 m 3 / min);
two screws for supplying rubble from bunker compartments in the pipeline with an adjustable rotation speed of hydraulic motors;
two diaphragm pump for supplying emulsion and water with adjustable pressure;
economic diesel with air cooling with a capacity of 38 kW;
a set of equipment with a gas burner for heating emulsion;
compressor with a supply of 510 l / min and pressure up to 12 atm;
two pressure regulators with water and emulsion pressure gauges;
an arrow of a lightweight design with a pneumatic machine for performing work within a radius of up to 8 m;
control panel that allows you to control the technological process of repairing the road cover to one operator;
circular circular circulation system preventing the pouring of the emulsion in pipelines at low temperatures;
system that allows you to rinse and blow pipelines from emulsion residues, pump emulsion into a tank using your own diaphragm pump, rinse with water pits from clay and dirt under pressure to 8 atm, wet and rinse crushed stone before serving it to the pipeline for improving adhesion;
rubber supply pipeline with a diameter of 75 mm and a length of 4.5 m, wear-resistant, seven-dimensional, with two threads of a metal coordinate;
removable nozzle with separate water supply and bitumen emulsion.

"Slirri forces"

All previously described technologies and machines are designed for repair work when damage has already appeared on the asphalt concrete coating. To prevent them, it is rationally to organize the finest-proof layers of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures.

An example of this can serve as "Slirri Forces" - technology of the United States. It can be equally successfully applied in areas both with large and low intensity of motion. The essence of the technology is to apply to the surface of an existing coating of an emulsion-mineral mixture of cast consistency with a thickness of 5-15 mm. It does not require a special seal, independently hardens and is finally formed under the action of motor vehicles. The time of set of strength of emulsion-mineral mixtures should be not more than 30 minutes. Time until the movement is discovered, depending on weather conditions, not more than 4 hours. After hardening the mixture on the surface of the coating, a dense layer with high coupped qualities is created.

The mixture in proportions selected in advance in the laboratory in the design of the mixture include the stone material (rubbed mixture 0-10 mm), cationic bitumen emulsion, cement and various additives. The emulsion plays the role of "glue" and keeps the solid aggregate together, and also glues a layer of "Sliar forces" and the old coating layer to which it was applied. Portland cement is used as a stabilizer or modifying additive. With the addition of water, the mixture is ready to apply.

The mixture of "Slirri Forces" is three types. The size of the stone material gives the road surface various texture.

Type I is the smallest according to granulometric composition, used for parking, roads with a small intensity of motion.

Type II - has a larger solid aggregate and is used for all types of road works, including high-speed highways, roads of the regional, republican, local significance.

Type III - Stone Material is the largest size and is used on the main roads of nationwide, high-speed highways, in industrial zones. The use of various types of stone material gives a darker or brighter color of the coating.

Preparation and laying of the mixture are made by a special machine or machine kit, the protective layer device is carried out by a dispenser. When laying a mixture, the emulsion fills the cracks and small defects in the coating. The coating of the Slavri forces is arranged to prevent the influence of negative natural climatic and technical factors on the coating, which allows you to slow down the aging process of bitumen and significantly extend the service life of road clothing, as well as a depreciation layer, providing the necessary coupling properties of the road surface.

Protective current repairs are much more economical than the repair of serious defects, but this layer must be reused: either entirely, or cards in areas with the highest load, after 2-5 years, depending on the intensity of motion. On the roads with a small intensity, the service life of Slavri may be even longer, and during this period you can practically forget about patching. But all the essence of the technology is to apply an emulsion-mineral mixture to another durable and not destroyed coating without visible defects to "make" the upper layer of the asphalt concrete coating.

The meal repair of the asphalt coating is the type of current repair of the asphalt concrete coating. Such a method is associated with the reconstruction of the portions of the roadway by replacing the coating in these most areas.
This type of repair of asphalt concrete coatings, like meal, allows you to eliminate various damage to the canvas of the road with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 25 m², for example, pothodes, seid of cracks, peeling of the site, waves on the road, asphalt drawdors and many others.
The spreading technology of the road surface is the rainfall of asphalt mixtures and implies follow these steps:

the definition of the borders on which the repair will be carried out;
cutting coverage in the required repair point;
complete removal of coating material;
overlay asphalt concrete mixture;
sealing coating and alignment.

During the selection of the borders of the pavement of asphalt coatings, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the destruction on the basis of the coating under the defect of the canvas covers a significantly large frame than the proposed zone itself. In general, the geometric dimensions of the "patch" should be in accordance with the zone of the destroyed state. No less than 15 centimeters, the contour of the "Patch" should overlap the zone of destruction, and preferably even 20-30 centimeters.
Often the width of the "patch" is equal to the width of the strip of movement (with extensive cracks, wide potholes, gaps, as well as with other destruction, which occupy most of the strip of movement), with smaller destruction, this zone may be less than the traffic strip zone, but More than 100 mm.

Places for repair make any contour, but without sharp corners, most often they are rectangular, which is more convenient for repair. In order to cut the coating at the repair point, it is necessary to use a jack-free hammer or suts. If you use a jackhammer when processing the external borders of the "Patch" Practice shows that in the future these boundaries are chosen. It affects the service life of the repaired coating.

If the suture cutter is used, then the jackhammer is used to destroy the coating and its excretion from the "patch". Coating material is removed by manually. In the already ready-made "patch" fit an asphalt mixture. The seal of such a mixture is produced by a vibration belonging.

Overhaul roads

Overhaul of roads is a whole complex of work on the full restoration and improving the performance of the road surface, earthlings, structures on the road, the old worn structures or parts are replaced on the stronger and durable. If necessary, the geometric parameters of the road increase, here you need to take into account the intensity of movement on the road and axial loads of the machines within the limits of the norms that correspond to certain categories set for repair cases. The width of the earth canvase does not change throughout the entire route. Today, the roads are very loaded, and no matter how they treated them, repair is needed timely.

Our climate is reflected in its own way to the state of road coverage. Cracks that appear on the coating are not at all indicator of bad work on the construction of the road. More extent influences the climate - snow winters with thaws. That is, the destruction of the roads are quite natural and inevitable.

The main task of capital repairs of the road is to restore the transport and operational potential of the road to the level at which it will correspond to the measures safe on it.
The criterion for the fact that it is already necessary to resort to the overhaul of the road is the transport and operating state of the cast asphalt, in which the strength parameter dropped to the limit value.
The overhaul of the road, as in construction, should be produced throughout the sections of this road, all the facilities and elements along the entire length of the asphalt area.
Overhaul, as well as road construction, is made in full compliance with the specially developed and approved design and estimate documentation.