Industrial ventilation. Designing ventilation of an industrial building Selection of equipment for ventilation of industrial buildings

Air conditioning of premises of various sizes in production is carried out using the most complex systems, which, in addition to the air duct, also include various heaters, filters, coolers, recuperators, fans and other elements. The ventilation system, regardless of the type of production process, area and size of workshops and air pollution, must perform the following functions:

• Providing fresh clean air to the employees of the enterprise.
• Removal of unpleasant and foreign odors, as well as dust from the room.
• An important function of the ventilation system is filtration from various harmful impurities that arise as a result of certain technological influences and conditions.

Sidebar: Important: In industrial and manufacturing workshops, mechanical and natural ventilation is used for normal air exchange. During design work, it is necessary to take into account various regulatory documents governing the state of factory and factory workshops.

During the production process associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals or products from refined petroleum, toxic elements are released that pose a certain danger to human health, therefore the ventilation system must ensure their effective and immediate neutralization.

Only highly qualified specialists, certified engineers and professionals should be allowed to develop or in a production facility. In this case, it is necessary to take into account climatic and weather conditions, the number of workers, the size of the premises, the peculiarities of production and many other nuances and peculiarities.

1. Elements of any ventilation system are air ducts, exhaust and supply devices, as well as equipment that helps to create a comfortable and cozy indoor climate (this includes humidity stabilizers, as well as air heaters and air conditioners).
2. For normal ventilation of various objects in industrial conditions, it is necessary to use such equipment that is capable of removing from the air particles of dust, aerosol and gas that appear as a result of the operation of complex equipment.
3. In some industries (such as pharmaceutical or high-precision electronics), specific working conditions are required, therefore, all kinds of additional elements are added to the powerful ventilation system, such as special filters and high-power air conditioners.
4. According to the operating instructions for certain types of equipment, those shops and areas where vapors dangerous to human health may be present must be additionally equipped with extractor-traps, which are separated from the general workshop network.
5. Devices that carry out hygienic and sanitary control of ventilation systems are part of air exchange systems, and depending on their indications, special equipment can be connected that removes various toxic impurities and purifies the air.
6. During the design of ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account such a parameter as the cost of operation. It is best if the hot air that leaves the room is used in special exchangers, and cold air is used to cool machine tools and other equipment.

Table: heat consumption of the ventilation system

Ventilation used in industry is classified into the following types:

1. General ventilation is responsible for the normal replacement of air masses in the room. The most typical example is a conventional axial fan, which is inserted into a wall or window duct. Based on such parameters as the length of the duct and the cross-section, the appropriate power of the equipment is selected.
2. (or individual type) - allows you to purify the air from various toxic impurities, smoke, heavy dust and other substances that can harm human health, directly in the workplace.
3. Emergency air purification from gas, smoke or all kinds of toxic impurities is resorted to only in force majeure cases, therefore, the standards here differ from those generally accepted in production and will not be considered in this context.

Ventilation is also mechanical and natural. The natural scheme carries out the removal and inflow of air masses by means of traction, which occurs due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the production room. The effective functioning of such a ventilation system is influenced by:

• The difference in ambient temperature inside the production hall and outside.
• Difference in atmospheric pressure near the exhaust outlet and near the floor in the room.
• The speed of movement of air masses in the street.

Varieties of the ventilation system

The natural ventilation and ventilation system is quiet, environmentally friendly and economical. However, changing weather conditions can have a very negative impact on its effectiveness. Mechanical ventilation is devoid of such a drawback, which is capable of moving the air flow through an air duct of any configuration and section at any distance. In such cases, additional equipment is often installed that heats the air, and also humidifies, dries or filters it, if necessary. Today, the most popular are combined ventilation systems that use elements of both mechanical and natural systems.

To implement normal natural ventilation, there is no need to spend a lot of money, conduct electricity or buy additional equipment. Turning to professionals who will make accurate calculations and plans for optimal ventilation in a specific production or industrial premises, you can solve the ventilation problem and compensate for such a disadvantage as dependence on changes in wind speed and direction, pressure and temperature.

To implement mechanical ventilation of industrial and industrial premises, a fair amount of electrical energy is required, therefore this method is not always economically viable. The advantage of this type of ventilation is the independence of air flow and temperature from ambient conditions. The air in such systems is often heated and cleaned or, if necessary, cooled. Today, the most popular is the combined ventilation system, which combines elements of mechanical and natural ventilation methods.

The ventilation standards include certain provisions, according to which the ventilation system must be located absolutely in all production workshops and premises. Moreover, regardless of the functional characteristics of the occupied area and the number of employees on it. The capacity of the ventilation equipment should be sufficient for the fastest possible cleaning of the air in the room in the event of the emission of harmful substances or smoke. The development of the project, according to which the operation of the ventilation system will be implemented in the future, should be professionals who are able to do this in full compliance with applicable laws, documents and regulations. During the design, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters:

• inside a workshop or production facility.
• Fire safety conditions.
• Air humidity indicators.
• The presence and number of toxic and poisonous substances that pollute the environment.
• Climatic features.
• Room size and functionality.

It is worth noting that providing each employee with air is the norm, the implementation of which is monitored by various authorities and services. The rate is equal to thirty cubic meters per hour in an area less than or equal to forty square meters. For large industrial complexes, such standards are calculated in a separate order. When calculating the technical characteristics of the ventilation system, it is worth considering the following nuances:

• The ventilation system should not be a source of noise, which is strongly emitted even during the operation of technological equipment and machine tools. The noise level should be at a medium or low level, otherwise a long stay in the workshop will become problematic.
• In the event that the ventilation system has been installed for a long time and has not been thoroughly cleaned for a long period of time, then it is most likely that it itself is the cause of increased pollution of the surrounding airspace. To ensure that the ventilation system does not act as a source of pollution, it is recommended to clean it at least several times a year.

The tasks of the supply-type ventilation system include compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards due to the assimilation of excess moisture, dilution of toxic secretions that can damage the human body and reduce the concentration of harmful impurities. All this allows the employee to be on his own site in a comfortable environment that meets all established rules and regulations. In the event that the room temperature is low, the supply-type ventilation system can also solve this problem by heating the supply air masses.

The simplest device that is installed in various workshops and production facilities is a fan, which has an air outlet. Due to the fact that the amount of various harmful and toxic impurities in enterprises, as a rule, is higher than the norm, the use of only one ventilation system is not always effective. To maximize the safety of employees, modern enterprises use both natural and mechanical systems.

In the modern market, there are a huge number of various ventilation systems that allow you to create the safest and most comfortable working conditions within the workplace. The widest selection of devices that differ from each other both in functionality and in price will satisfy the needs of even the most demanding customer. During the design of a complex industrial ventilation system, it is necessary to install both supply equipment, which is the guarantor of the supply of clean air to the space of the shops and premises of the plant, and special exhaust units. With their help, it is possible to remove air saturated with pathogenic bacteria, toxic substances, dust, smoke and other harmful elements from the workplace. It is selected based on the specifics of production.

They choose one or another variation of equipment on an individual basis, with the obligatory consideration of the differences and features that are inherent in a certain industrial or construction large object.

The ventilation system must have the following parameters:

• Profitability.
• Efficiency.
• Reliability.
• Payback speed.

Thanks to clean and cool air, you can achieve not only good mood, health and performance of employees, but also low wear and tear of technological equipment and various tools. It is economically feasible when drawing up a project to add a device that is connected to the ventilation system and provides a comfortable indoor climate.

Today, the most optimal way to control the parameters of the ventilation system is to use automatic computerized systems that make changes to certain characteristics based on data received from external sensors. Thus, it turns out to achieve maximum economy and efficiency in work.

Thanks to the use of supply or exhaust circuits, it is possible to easily bring the humidity indicators in the enterprise to normal, as well as to neutralize, heat, cool, filter or humidify the air. A huge advantage of forced ventilation is that it is not affected by external conditions and weather factors. Air removal and supply can be done from the required point. You can make accurate calculations of supply or exhaust ventilation and draw up a cost schedule.

The operation of ventilation systems is influenced not only by the competent selection of equipment and installation, but also by the rarefaction of the atmosphere, the shape of the air inlets, the correct installation of filters, fans, air ducts and other elements. At enterprises, it is most advisable to install axial or radial blowers powered by electricity. Thanks to such a solution, you can easily provide employees with a clean airspace in the workplace, free from harmful impurities and toxic elements. For better filtration today, electrostatic precipitators and other components are often used, which can maximally protect even an environment saturated with aggressive chemical compounds and components.

Air conditioning in factories and industries allows you to achieve a normal microclimate, which is especially important for the optical industry, instrument making, the electrovacuum industry and other areas where maintaining a certain humidity in the room is a very important point. For setting up and installing the ventilation system, it is best to contact professionals with experience and knowledge in their field.

Ready-made ventilation systems need periodic cleaning, because in the event that the ducts are clogged, it becomes unsafe to be in the production workshop or room due to the high concentration of dust particles and harmful elements. For maximum efficiency, today they use various filters made of felt, fabric, porcelain rings and all kinds of porous materials that perfectly absorb dust and toxic substances that can harm human health.

Features of equipment installation

During the installation of ventilation systems in factories and industrial facilities, it is necessary to take into account a huge number of features and nuances that directly affect the indicators of the durability of the structure and the efficiency directly during operation. That is why, for the installation of individual elements of the air exchange network, it is necessary to attract highly qualified specialists who have the appropriate knowledge and experience. It is also important to choose the right place for the installation of equipment such as filtration systems, fan units, heat exchangers and other units.

In industrial and industrial premises, they are usually fixed directly to the ceiling. If desired, they can be hidden with hanging decorative panels. In those premises that are used for commercial purposes, it makes sense to use ducts made of plastic or copper, which are reliable and durable and have an attractive appearance.

Currently, the following types of air ducts are used in construction:

• Tough. For their production, materials such as fiberglass, multilayer aluminum, galvanized and others are used. Of these elements, the installation of virtually the entire ventilation system is carried out. The only exceptions are special parts of the shaped sample, which are used for the device of branches, contours and turns. To transport air that contains various harmful impurities, it is worth using air ducts with thicker walls.
• Flexible. Their main purpose is the communication of various sections and openings with the air ducts of the main. For the construction of a local ventilation system, the purpose of which is to clean the air in the immediate vicinity of the workplace, aluminum hoses are often used.

Installation of ventilation ducts in production and industrial premises is carried out in the following order:

1. To begin with, the parameters of the wall thickness and section of the air channels are calculated, after which, based on the data obtained, the mass of each element of the ventilation system is calculated. Sometimes the installation of square ducts is not possible due to insufficient space. Therefore, faced with a similar situation, it is worth using rectangular ducts to solve the problem.
2. Then, at the joints, you need to mark the fixation points of the air ducts. Thanks to this, you can easily calculate the required number of fasteners, brackets and other accessories. It is worth remembering that for fastening brackets it is undesirable to allow the occurrence of oscillations of long sections of the network directly during the passage of air through them. It is preferable to provide the structure with an excessive number of fasteners, since in this case they can withstand even an increased load without problems.
3. When the line channels have been installed, you can proceed with the installation of separate suction and spray devices. For such cases, it is recommended to use special hoses with flexibility and the desired cross-section.

conclusions

Installation and design of industrial ventilation systems is a demanding and complex process. The finished project must comply with strict building codes and current regulations. The health of employees and the performance of the entire team directly depends on this.

The specialists of the Nimal Group of Companies will design industrial ventilation at various facilities, including manufacturing plants, office and administrative buildings, logistics complexes, commercial centers, etc. Our design engineers have extensive practical experience in this area. Among the projects we have implemented is the creation of ventilation systems for a number of large industrial facilities in Moscow.

The development of technical solutions for arranging ventilation systems for commercial facilities is carried out on the basis of regulatory documents that regulate the value of climatic parameters and air exchange for a particular room, taking into account its footage and functional purpose.

What tasks does the design of industrial ventilation systems solve?

Industrial ventilation is much more powerful than household ventilation, but this is far from the only difference between this system. First of all, we are talking about a wider list of tasks, the solution of which is necessary to create favorable conditions for the flow of technological processes in production.

In particular, from the technological ventilation system, it may be required not only to reduce the concentration of hazardous substances, but also to dedust the air, remove hazardous vapors outside the working area.

To summarize, the main tasks that the design of industrial ventilation systems is designed to solve are as follows:

• Removal of exhaust air with an increased concentration of harmful compounds outside the working area;
• Removal of excess heat;
• The inflow of air into the room, the characteristics of which meet the existing sanitary standards, create favorable conditions for the work of personnel and the conduct of technological operations.

The development of an industrial ventilation project is best planned at the stage of preparation for the construction of the facility. In some cases, this event is part of the reconstruction or overhaul of a structure, the engineering systems of which need modernization.

Stages of the event

The design of industrial ventilation systems is a multi-stage event. First of all, the development of the corresponding technical task is carried out, which can be provided by the client himself. This document contains the requirements for the ventilation system, taking into account the location of the building and its layout, its intended purpose and mode of operation.

When developing a project, an engineer performs an extensive list of calculations. It is necessary to determine what cross-section and placement of air ducts is suitable for this object in accordance with the current rules.

The quality of the system operation largely depends on the competent calculation of the air exchange rate. This parameter can vary significantly for objects of different types. It is necessary to take into account how many people and heat-generating equipment will be on the territory of the facility, and you also need to focus on the relevant SNiP.

Another important criterion is the method of supply and distribution of air masses, their removal outside the premises. To do this, it is necessary to perform calculations and create a suitable configuration of the air distribution network, select the correct type of ventilation system and equipment for its arrangement.

In the process of work, the design engineer takes into account not only the technical characteristics of the structure, but also the economic feasibility of using a particular technical solution.

Provision of services for the development of ventilation systems projects by TEKHNOSTROYALYANS-VOSTOK LLC. Prompt execution of orders, optimal prices and favorable discounts.

Not only the comfort of people working in the room (warehouse, workshop), but also their safety depends on the efficient operation of ventilation equipment. That is why a qualified selection of air purification units in an industrial building is a responsible decision that does not allow mistakes and miscalculations.

The engineering and design group of our company is always ready to inspect the object and, together with the customer, form the required technical task. The developed project of the ventilation system necessarily reflects:

• features of the production process of the enterprise;
• the number and location of workplaces;
• imposed sanitary and hygienic requirements;
• the presence of climatic zones and their location;
• the architecture of the building in question;
• availability of operating climatic equipment.

Designing ventilation of an industrial building: features and varieties

Depending on the results of the survey and the calculations made, the optimal variant of the ventilation system is selected, which can be:

1. supply (the equipment provides air supply to the building);
2. exhaust (forced removal of air masses);
3. supply and exhaust (combined).

Quite rarely, in industrial premises, an option with natural circulation is considered, and preference is given to mechanical supply (removal) of air masses by means of a fan. As a rule, the design of ventilation of an industrial building involves the inclusion of a system of air ducts (channels for air supply) in the project. Otherwise, the option is referred to as “channelless”.

In addition, the developed industrial ventilation systems can be:

• general purpose;
• local.

In the first case, used ventilation equipment provides for the maintenance of the same climatic conditions throughout the building. In the second, it is used for the local removal of harmful vapors or gases from a specific room (workplace).

When making calculations, the following must be taken into account:

• required climatic parameters;
• necessary air exchange;
• distribution of the supplied air;
• calculation of air ducts (shape, section of the line, branching, used material).

The selection of ventilation equipment is made taking into account the architectural features of the building, economic feasibility and the characteristics of the tasks that it must perform. Convenient access to all structural units during maintenance is taken into account. At the final stage, the customer is handed a set of project documentation, which includes a set of diagrams and drawings, a feasibility study and an explanatory note.

Ventilation system project from TEKHNOSTROYALYANS: why it is profitable

The staff of our company includes a special engineering and design group that has been developing design documentation for this area for many years. By using the services of designers from TECHNOSTROYALIANS, the client receives the following benefits:

• operational development of the project for the air conditioning and ventilation system of industrial premises;
• guarantees of the quality and efficiency of the calculations provided;
• optimal prices for services;
• exact adherence to deadlines;
• favorable discounts.

Contact the TEKHNOSTROYALIANS company and get the opportunity to order the design of industrial ventilation of a building on favorable terms!