1941 1945 what a leap year. Leap year

1708 year
Peter issues a decree on the foundation of the Biysk fortress

1784 year
Leo von Klenze was born - the founder of architectural trends according to the principle "new - slightly rebuilt antique" ". And the Marquis de Sade was transferred to the Bastille, where in five years he will write three of his most famous and shocking novels.

1792 year
Gioacchino Rossini is born.

1812 year
Napoleon appoints commanders in his army. Alexander I is considering a gas lighting project in the capital of his empire.

1816 year
The Grand Duchess is getting married - of course, to a prince. The Russian emperor takes care of the widows and the country's legislation.

1828 year
The premiere of Aubert's opera The Mute of Portici (or Fenella) took place.

1832 year
Charles Darwin explores the Brazilian jungle during the Beagle expedition.

1856 year
The Crimean War is over.

1860 year
Herman Cholerit is born.

1880 year
The St. Gotthard Tunnel was completed.

1888 year
The Russian empire is full of cultural events. Plays are being performed, writers are scribbling letters. In Europe, Engels writes something of little interest to Liebknecht. In America, another round of legal proceedings, which eventually dragged on for a quarter of a century and led to a change in the rules of judicial evidence.

1892 year
An international commission has been created to regulate the fur seal fishery. This was one of the first examples of international cooperation in animal welfare.

1896 year
All over the world, it was on this year and day that talented organizers and creative personalities were born.

1900 year
According to the Gregorian calendar, 1900 is a common year, according to the Julian calendar it is a leap year.

1904 year
The Russo-Japanese War was one of the first in the 20th century. And in Europe they dance and sing.

1908 year
Liquid helium was obtained at the Leiden laboratory. Oryol Central was created in Russia. They play football in Brazil.

1912 year
Joseph Stalin flees exile. Russia is helping to conclude the Serbian-Bulgarian agreement. Workers are on strike in Bodaibo.

1916 year
Strikes, pogroms, sunken ships, orders and everything that accompanies world war. In Moscow, poets are self-elected to the presidency of the world.

1920 year
The Red Army is pushing the atamans Denikin and Annenkov. The first constitution was approved in the Czech Republic. The Kapp putsch began in Germany.

1924 year
After the civil war, culture revives. Surrogate money is prohibited. Vladimir Kryukov is born - the chairman of the KGB and a member of the Emergency Committee.

1928 year
The Central Election Commission and the Council of People's Commissars of all levels produce documents. Writers write letters. Artists perform. The ships are being built. Celebrities are born.

1932 year
In Finland, there is an armed revolt of the fascists. The last emperor of China is still trying to lead the state.

1936 year
Niels Bohr proposed a planetary model for the structure of the atom.

1940 year
Hitler is fooling an American diplomat. Ebony Hetty McDaniel wins an Oscar.

1944 year
Soviet troops are successfully advancing in all directions.

1948 year
The President of Peru criticizes opponents. Irina Kupchenko was born.

1952 year
The USSR sends notes to America because of the Katyn affair. A letter about Paulus is being sent to Stalin. The Academy of Arts thinks about talented children. Testing of aircraft ends and begins. Raisa Smetanina is born in the village of Mokhcha.

1956 year
Airplanes are flying. Generals who were unjustly accused and shot were rehabilitated. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan was created. In Finland, the President resigned. In Korea, articles are published that fully support the opinion of the country's leader.

1960 year
The largest earthquake in Morocco. Flights of cruise missiles and new aircraft. Film premieres. Writers and at least one serial killer were born.

1964 year
Launching a Soviet nuclear submarine. A message from the Americans about the existence of a new strategic fighter aircraft. The Pact on Arab Cultural Unity was signed.

1968 year
Ships and submarines were launched. The Il-18D plane crashed.

1972 year
V. Vysotsky sings in Moscow. In the United States, John Lennon begins to fight for an American visa.

A leap year gives rise to a lot of superstitions and rumors, which boil down mainly to the fact that this year is unlucky and rich in negative events. Let's see if this is so.

Leap year: a little history

The word "leap" of Latin origin is translated as "second sixth". According to the Julian calendar, the year lasted 365.25 days, with each day shifting by 6 hours. Such an error could confuse the ancient men, so that this would not happen, it was decided that every fourth year would consist of 366 days, and February would become a day longer. They called such a leap year.

In Russia, there were many legends about the appearance of leap years, each of which was considered unlucky.

Legends about the appearance of a leap year in Russia

February 29 is also called Kasyanov day in honor of Saint Kasyan. Being a bright angel, he was tempted by the tricks of evil spirits and went over to the side of the devil. However, he later repented and prayed to the Lord for mercy. Having mercy on the traitor, God assigned an angel to him. He put Kasyan in chains and, at the behest from above, beat him in the forehead with an iron hammer for 3 years, and released him on the fourth.

According to another legend, Kasyanov's day is his name day. However, the saint got dead drunk every time for three years and came to his senses only in the fourth year. Therefore, he is supposed to celebrate his day so rarely.

There is also a third legend: walking along the road to Saints Kasyan and Nicholas the Wonderworker, a peasant met. He asked for help, as his cart got stuck in the mud. To which Kasyan replied that he was afraid to stain his robe, and Nikolai helped. The saints came to paradise, God noticed that Nikolai's robe was dirty and asked what was the matter. The Wonderworker told him what had happened. Then God noticed that Kasyan's robe was clean and asked if they weren't walking together? Kasyan replied that he was afraid to get his clothes dirty. God understood that the saint was cunning and made it so that his name day comes every 4 years. And Nikolai's name day for his kindness - twice a year.

Leap years were notorious in Russia: we will not continue the list of legends for a long time, here is one example: honest people tried to complete all matters before February 29. Many did not dare to leave the house, the sun that day was called the "Eye of Kasyan", they were afraid to get under the sun, so that Kasian would not jinx them and send sickness and suffering.

Leap year superstitions

As in ancient times, in the modern world there are often signs and superstitions that do not characterize leap years from the best side (the list is given below):

• You need to postpone marriage in a leap year. Such a marriage will not be lasting, the young will quarrel, and the newly created family will incur troubles and misfortunes.
• You need to postpone selling, buying, exchanging real estate or building a house. The deals concluded this year will not be profitable and will inevitably lead to the ruin of the parties. And new housing will not last long.
• Any undertakings are dangerous - changing jobs, moving, starting a business. The sign is understandable: the presence of the 29th day in one of the winter months can characterize the whole year as not what it should be. Therefore, it is easier for a person who is not confident in their own abilities to give up something new than to make efforts to start and develop a business.
• You can not get pregnant and give birth, since childbirth will be difficult, the baby may be born unhealthy. Or his life will be hard and joyless.
• Leap year "mows" people, that is, it takes them away. It is generally accepted that mortality rises every fourth year, although this superstition is not statistically confirmed in any way.
• You cannot pick mushrooms, eat them or sell them to people, so as not to raise the bad from the ground.
• It is believed that leap years entail natural disasters and disasters: fires, floods, droughts.

What are the leap years? List of leap years in the 20th century

In the last century, as well as in the 21st century, leap years have been feared by superstitious people. A list of them is given below:

• 1900s: -00; -04; -08; -12, and so on, every fourth year.
• Year 2000 was also a leap year.

Leap years: list of the 21st century

To this day, many fear a leap year, psychologically setting themselves up for trouble and explaining the misfortune by having an extra day in February.

Leap years, list from 2000: -04; -08; -12; -16, and then every fourth year.

Instead of a conclusion

According to statistics, only a small number of all troubles and disasters occur in leap years. The superstitions that exist to this day can be explained by the fact that people, closely following the troubles and misfortunes that happened in leap years, attached exaggerated significance to what was happening solely because of the unflattering glory of the latter.

People who believe too much in the superstitions of a leap year would like to wish to pay more attention to positive changes and events. And then, perhaps, a list of good omens rehabilitating leap years will appear.

For centuries, humanity has created a history that has been passed down from generation to generation. The myths or reality about leap years that have survived to this day make everyone think about this inexplicable fact.

What is a Leap Year?

The term "leap" in Latin has a numerical meaning - 2nd / 6th. It represents, scientifically, the fourth year in excess of the standard number of days (366).

Historical period of a leap year

During the reign of Y. Caesar, in the Roman calendar there was an additional repeated day, with one number (February twenty-fourth).

The Romans counted down the days, years, looking at the Julian Calendar.

In the Julian calendar, every fourth year was considered a leap year, and the last two days of February were under the same number.

After the death of the Roman ruler, the priests deliberately began to call the third year a leap year. There was a shift in the annual time and people, for this reason, lived as many as twelve leap years.

Thanks to the decree of the new emperor in Rome - Augustus Octavian, everything fell into place. It took sixteen years to get the right "leap time" right.

Sixteen centuries later, the Orthodox Church again introduced new changes to the calendar.

The head of the Catholic Church, Pope Gregory XIII, introduced a proposal to calculate the calendar according to new rules. He suggested introducing an additional day in February with a different date (February twenty-ninth). At the general meeting, before the upcoming Easter, the idea of ​​the head of the Catholic Church was successfully accepted. The Roman calendar had a new chronology. In honor of the ruler of the Catholic Church, it began to be called "Gregorian".

The modern concept of a leap year

It is a known fact that a year consists of 365 days. The subsequent fourth year is considered a leap year. It is one day longer.

In a leap year, February is not twenty-eight days, but twenty-nine, but this phenomenon happens once every four years.

Leap year omens and superstitions

Our Slavic ancestors thought that the leap year was a mystical, superstitious year. Probably, the reason lies in the distant history of Saint Kasyan.

Saint Kasian served in the Galilean monastery, and was its founder. He became famous for his writing, writing twenty-four essays on "Interview", based on a moral, Christian attitude to faith.

The main flaw in the life of Saint Kasyan was that the date of his birth fell on the last day of February, and even at the end of the year.

According to Slavic belief, the last day of the year was considered the end of a harsh winter. For this reason, the holy monk acquired a bad reputation.

Superstitious Slavs considered the last day of a leap year to be the most difficult. They believed in evil spirits and evil spirits. Hence the fear of people before a leap year.

Signs of a leap year were associated with Saint Kasyan:

• If Kasyan approached the people, the disease attacked them.
• Kasyan was next to the animals - their death was inevitable.
• Where Kasyan's gaze falls, there will be trouble, devastation.
• Kasyanov's unsuccessful year is approaching - fruitless.

According to legend, in a leap year, you don't need to do a lot of things, for example:

• Play weddings
• Planning a pregnancy, giving birth to children
• Create new projects
• Go to the forest for mushrooms
• Cutting hair
• File for divorce
• Borrow money
• Plant new seeds
• Make indoor renovations
• Buying real estate

The approach of a leap year in modern society is controversial. One part of society believes in his negative actions, the other does not.

The negative side of a leap year:

1. Natural disasters
2. Catastrophes
3. Military conflicts
4. Frequent accidents
5. Lost
6. Fires

The positive side of a leap year

People born in a leap year are creative and talented people. Endowed with bright charisma, strong character, love of life (Julius Caesar, Leonardo da Vinci, Elizabeth Taylor, Paul Gauguin).

Today, a leap year is perceived as a year of disasters, wars, catastrophes. After all, the most terrible events took place precisely during this period.

People are prone to believe something, and most often bad. A leap year is perceived as a time of loss, disappointment, sadness. Is it so? You only have to ask yourself.

We all know that a regular year consists of 365 days, but there is also a leap year that includes 366 days. It happens once every four calendar years, and the month of February in such a year includes one more day. But why such a year is called a leap year, few think, and today we will tell you about the origin of this name.

The origin of the name "Leap" year

As is the case with many other names known today, the origin of the "Leap" year has its origins in Latin. This year has long been called "Bis Sextus". The translation of this name from Latin means "Second sixth".

It is worth noting that such a reckoning of time was introduced by the Romans, and in the Roman calendar BC, days were not counted in the same way in which it happens today. The Romans used to count days in terms of the number of days remaining until the next month. The Romans inserted an extra day between February 23rd and 24th. The very same February 24 was called "sectus", which meant "the sixth day before the beginning of March." In a leap year, when an additional day was inserted between February 23 and 24, February 24 occurred twice, which was called "bis sectus", as we have already noted - the "Second sixth" day.

It is easy to understand that "Bissectus" in the Slavic sense can be easily transformed into "leap", because these names are consonant. However, in the modern Gregorian calendar, as you know, an additional day is inserted not between February 23 and 24, but after February 28. So, once every four years, we have the opportunity to observe on wall calendars, calendars in our computers and smartphones, the day of February 29th.

Why do you need a leap year

Having figured out why the leap year is so called, it is also necessary to conduct a small excursion and about why such a year exists at all, why it was introduced.

We all know that an ordinary year consists of 365 days, we are used to this, and we do not doubt this statement for a second. However, in reality, it is not entirely correct, since each year is equal to 365.4 days, that is, 365 days and 6 hours. Of course, such a calculation of time is very inconvenient, and it certainly leads to certain displacements in the perception of the flow of time by people. That is why it was decided by astronomers to calculate each multiple of four years in the amount of 366 days (using 4 excerpts of 6 hours from other years), and all the rest - 365 days exactly.

Leap year (Latin bis sextus - "second sixth") - a year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the duration of which is 366 days - one day longer than the duration of a regular, non-leap year. In the Julian calendar, a leap year is every fourth year, in the Gregorian calendar there are exceptions to this rule.

A year is a conventional unit of time, which historically meant a single cycle of seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In most countries, the calendar length of the year is 365 or 366 days. Currently, the year is also used as a time characteristic of the revolution of planets around stars in planetary systems, in particular the Earth around the Sun.

The calendar year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars is 365 days in non-leap years, and 366 days in leap years. The average length of the year is 365.2425 days for the Gregorian and 365.25 days for the Julian calendars.

The calendar year in the Islamic calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days - 12 lunar months. The average length of a year is 354.37 days, which is less than a tropical year, and therefore Muslim holidays "wander" according to the seasons.

The calendar year in the Hebrew calendar contains 353, 354, or 355 days in a simple year and 383, 384, or 385 days in a leap year. The average length of the year is 365.2468 days, which is close to the tropical year.

The duration of the tropical year (the time between the two vernal equinoxes) is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. The difference in the length of the tropical year and the average Julian calendar year (365.25 days) is 11 minutes 14 seconds. These 11 minutes and 14 seconds add up to one day in approximately 128 years.

Over the centuries, a shift in the day of the vernal equinox, associated with church holidays, was noticed. By the 16th century, the vernal equinox came about 10 days earlier than March 21, which is used to determine the day of Easter.

To compensate for the accumulated error and avoid such a shift in the future, in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII carried out a calendar reform. To better match the average calendar year with the solar year, it was decided to change the leap year rule. The year was still a leap year, the number of which was a multiple of four, but an exception was made for those that were multiples of 100. From now on, such years were leap years only when they were also divisible by 400.

In other words, a year is a leap year in two cases: either it is a multiple of 4, but not a multiple of 100, or a multiple of 400. A year is not a leap year, if it is not a multiple of 4, or it is a multiple of 100, but not a multiple of 400.

The last years of centuries ending in two zeros are not leap years in three cases out of four. So, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years, since they are multiples of 100 and not multiples of 400. Years 1600 and 2000 are leap years, since they are multiples of 400. Years 2100, 2200 and 2300 are non-leap years. In leap years, an additional day is introduced - February 29. The Catholic world lives according to the Julian calendar. Unlike the Julian calendar, the Gregorian calendar takes into account only one object - the Sun.

Now we live according to the Julian calendar (new style), before the revolution we lived according to the Gregorian calendar (old style). The difference between the old and new styles was 11 days in the 18th century, 12 days in the 19th century, and 13 days in the 20th and 21st centuries. In the XXII century, this difference will be already 14 days. The Gregorian calendar was introduced under Soviet power on February 14, 1918 (after January 31, it was not February 1, but immediately the 14th). The last leap year was, the next will be.

1996, 1992, 1988, 1984, 1980, 1976, 1972, 1968, 1964, 1960, 1956, 1952, 1948, 1944, 1940, 1936, 1932, 1928, 1924, 1920, 1916, 1912, 1908, 1904, Gregorian 1900 is a common year; Julian is a leap year. 1896.

Note: For most computer and mobile systems, valid dates are December 13, 1901, 20:45:54 GMT through January 19, 2038, 03:14:07 GMT. (These dates correspond to the minimum and maximum value of a 32-bit signed integer.) For Windows, the valid dates are 01-01-1970 through 01.19-2038.