Typical series of houses. Typical series of residential buildings in Novosibirsk (redevelopment options, layouts) Layout of a 5-storey block house
Don Construction College
Construction and operation of buildings and structures
Course project in the discipline "Architecture of civil buildings"
On the topic: "5-storey residential building
Novocherkassk 2015
Designed 5-storey residential building rectangular shape in plan with side dimensions of 34.20x12.00 m, according to typological criteria it belongs to the sectional type.
A residential section (block section) is a cell consisting of several apartments located around one communication node (entrance, vestibule, staircase). The layout of the area of each apartment is made in accordance with functional diagram interconnections between premises.
In the house being designed, the type of staircase assembly is transverse.
According to operational requirements, the designed residential building belongs to the IInd degree of durability.
According to SNiP 2.01.07-85* “Loads and impacts”, the designed residential building belongs to the II level of responsibility.
According to SNiP 2.01.02-85* “ Fire regulations» the designed residential building belongs to the II degree of fire resistance, since the load-bearing and enclosing structures are made of artificial stone materials: brick walls, reinforced concrete floors and flights of stairs.
By decision of the Department of Municipal Economy of the city of Novocherkassk, permission was given for the construction of a 5-story residential building in the city of Novocherkassk. The shape of the plot is rectangular with an area of 3000.00 m2.
On the site there are: a 5-story residential building, a gazebo, a parking lot, and a children's playground.
The building is oriented latitudinally, which ensures heat savings in winter. The distance to the nearest building is 24.70 m, which satisfies fire and sanitary requirements.
The vertical layout of the site ensures the drainage of rain and melt water.
The site has a 4.00 m wide road for vehicles and pedestrian paths covered with asphalt. There is a blind area 1.00 m wide around the building. The site also has green spaces: row-planted shrubs and deciduous trees.
A space-planning decision is a decision on the basis of which a particular composition and size of premises is made.
The building has a rectangular shape; 5 floors and a basement.
This building is designed:
the height of each floor is 2.80 m;
the height of the entire building is 15.60 m;
dimensions in axes - 34.20 m (1-9) and 12.00 m (A-D).
This residential building consists of 20 apartments: 10 two-room and 10 three-room.
Part two-room apartment includes: corridor, living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, pantry, loggia, balcony.
Part three-room apartment includes: corridor, living room, bedroom, children's room, kitchen, bathroom, loggia, balcony.
Compound: Two sheets and PZ (Facade 1-6 M1:100; Section 1-1 M1:100; 1st floor plan M1:100; Plan typical floor M1:100; General plan M1:500; Node 1 M1:20; Node 2 M2:10; Foundation plan M1:100; Floor and covering plan M1:100; Roof plan M1:100; Knot 3,4,5 M1:10; unit 6 M1:20l)
Software: KOMPAS-3D 13 SP2
Project of a 5-storey apartment building. dwg
Sections AR, KZH, EO, VK, OV
Project of a 5-storey residential building. Description of design solutions
Construction solutions and structures
The building is 5-storey, monolithic frame, reinforced concrete. Floor height -3.0 meters.
After developing the pit, carry out a soil analysis (if other foundation soils are found, inform the project developers).
The foundations are designed for foundation soils - hard loams with the following design characteristics: y=19kN/m3, U=19 deg. c = 25 kPa. (stock material “report on engineering-geological surveys at the site: “Shop on Perova Street”. Arch. No. 930 DSP). Collapse loams of the first type
Foundations and monolithic walls The technical underground will be made with sulfate-resistant cement.
The foundations for the columns are monolithic reinforced concrete columnar, for the walls of the technical underground and the rigidity diaphragms are strip foundations.
The walls of the technical underground are monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 300 mm. with insulation with mini-slab 100 mm thick.
Columns are monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400x400 mm.
The stiffening diaphragms are monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200 mm.
Floors and coverings are monolithic, reinforced concrete with a thickness of 220 mm. The blind area is concrete.
Coat all unspecified surfaces of structures in contact with the ground with hot bitumen 2 times, using a primer of liquefied bitumen.
Concreting at negative temperatures environment and temperatures above +25 degrees. The requirements of SNIP RK 5.03-37-2005 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures” must be met.
When carrying out all types of work, be guided by SNIP RK 1.03-05-2001 “Occupational health and safety in construction.
Paint steel structures with enamel PF-115 GOST 6465-76 in 2 layers over primer GF-021 GOST 25129-82 in 1 layer according to SNIP RK 2.01-19-2004.
Fire protection steel structures perform with intumescent coating VPM-2 (GOST 25131-82) at a consumption of 6 kg/m2 and with a coating thickness after expansion of 4 mm.
Water supply and sewerage
The following technical solutions were adopted in the project:
Laying distribution networks for cold and hot water supply on the technical underground.
- release domestic sewerage to the well of the public network.
- a water metering unit with a cold water meter is installed at the entrance to the building
- hot water supply - central (see section "HVAC")
Heating and ventilation
The heating and ventilation project for a residential building was developed in accordance with the drawings of the AS, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP RK 4.02-05-2001, SNiP RK 3.02.01-2001.
The design temperature of outside air for heating is assumed to be Tn = -31 C.
The source of heat supply to the building is a thermal power plant.
The duration of the heating period is 200 days.
The total calculated heat supply is 580,000 kcal/hour.
Coolant parameters 130 - 95 C.
Hot water supply - from the heating unit.
The heating system of a residential building is single-pipe, dead-end with U-shaped risers and distribution of supply and return lines through the technical underground.
As heating devices accepted cast iron radiators M90-108.
Ventilation of the residential building is provided - exhaust, natural, through the ventilation ducts of kitchens and bathrooms. Ventilation ducts should be made of cross-section. 200x200 from a flat asbestos-cement sheet.
Accepted steel water and gas pipes in accordance with GOST 3262-75 **
Installation of heating and ventilation systems should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85.
Power supply and lighting
An ASU type switchboard is used as an input distribution device, which is installed in the technical underground of the house. To supply electricity to apartments, supply lines depart from the input distribution board and are suitable for ShchE 3300 cabinets.
ShchE electrical cabinets are installed on staircase landings floors. Counters are located in cabinets apartment accounting electricity, automatic devices for protecting group lines of apartments and distribution boxes for low current devices.
In ShchE floor lighting panels, reinforce the cabinet doors with a locking device, ensuring access to them only by the personnel of the power supply organization. Electricity metering for lighting the basement and staircases is carried out by a meter installed on the ASU panel.
Group lighting lines are made with PUNP brand wire, laid in a pipe hidden along the ceiling, in wall grooves.
The project of a 5-story, 3-section residential building was completed in 2011 on the basis of a design assignment and a Resolution of the head of the rural settlement of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The plot intended for construction with total area 0.52 hectares located in the village of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The project provides for a residential building with 53 apartments with a usable attic and a usable technical underground area. On the ground floor of the house there are office premises with workplaces for administrative services of the Gabovskoye village in the amount of 19 places. The building was erected in October 2012.
Architectural and planning solutions:
The residential building is 5-storey, 3-section, rectangular in shape, with a usable attic and a usable technical underground area. The dimensions of the house in the extreme axes are 15.3 × 53.32 m. The project provides for 3 ordinary rectangular sections. There are apartments inside the building from the 1st to 5th floors. On the ground floor there are also office spaces with separate exits directly to the outside. Each section of the house has its own staircase with doors opening onto it. For life support of people with limited mobility and people with disabilities disabilities ramps with a slope of 1:12 are provided at the entrance to the entrance and inside the building in front of the stairs.
Space-planning solutions:
Space-planning solutions for the building were adopted in accordance with the design assignment, technological solutions for residential and office premises, current building rules and regulations, sanitary standards, technical regulations and urban planning code. Structural diagram buildings - frameless wall, consisting of brick walls, hollow core slabs floors, coverings and monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundation. Load-bearing elements are foundations, walls and floor slabs. The building has a usable attic for laying communications and a non-usable underground.
The external and internal walls of the building are brick (external b=380 mm, internal transverse and longitudinal b=250.380 mm). The basement part of the building is made of solid red brick b=510 mm. Prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs and coverings. Flights of stairs are made from metal stringers and prefabricated reinforced concrete steps. The platforms are made of reinforced concrete monolithic metal beams. The roof is gable. The foundations of the building are monolithic reinforced concrete strip.
Technical and economic indicators of the designed facility:
number of storeys of the building: above-ground floors - 5; attic - 1;
construction volume of the building: 12680.60 cubic meters. m;
building area: 748.50 sq. m;
total building area: 663.54 sq. m;
living area of the building: 663.54 sq. m;
number of apartments: 53 (including one-room: 36, two-room: 14, three-room: 3);
total area of apartments: 2364.54 sq. m;
total built-in area: 410.50 sq. m;
area of technical premises + attic: 19.0 + 206.40 sq. m.
Since 1957, after the adoption of a law that provided for the elimination of excesses in the design of houses, buildings of a new type began to be erected in the USSR. Popularly, such houses were called “Khrushchevka” (derived from the surname Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev). Such houses received a second name - Khrushchev, mainly due to the inconvenient and disproportionate layout of the rooms, narrow corridors and spans of platforms, thin walls and as a result - terrible sound insulation. In this article we will talk about what the typical Khrushchev series are, and we will try to highlight the main pros and cons of these buildings. We will provide the planning features in the form of descriptions and photos.
Typical series of Khrushchev buildings: the main pros and cons of houses
Let's look at the main characteristics of the apartments and determine the features of each series of Khrushchev buildings that were built over the course of 27 years. It is worth noting that initially the Khrushchev buildings were intended to be used as temporary housing and the operational life of the building ranged from 25 to 50 years. But, as you know, people still live in such houses in our time. The disadvantages of Khrushchev-era apartments include poor sound insulation and thermal insulation (it’s cool in winter, and too hot in the apartment in summer), not always good layout apartments and entrance: narrow corridors, small kitchen, lack of garbage chute and very often an elevator. The main advantages of such houses include their low cost.
The main advantages of such houses include the low cost of housing and developed infrastructure around the building. As a rule, not far from Khrushchev buildings there are kindergartens, schools, shops and excellent transport interchanges. If Money If you don’t have enough money to buy an apartment, it’s not the worst option. Moreover, such buildings in Moscow and other Russian cities are subject to demolition, in which case the owners receive brand new housing, or reconstruction and redevelopment.
Series 1-464 (1960 – 1967)
General drawing:
One of the most popular series of Khrushchev buildings in the USSR was 1-464 (1960 - 1967). This panel house with 5 floors, it is rare to find 3 and 4 floor buildings. All apartments have balconies (also additional storage rooms), but there are no elevators and residents of the building have to go up and down the stairs, which is quite difficult for elderly people and families with small children. The bathrooms in the apartments are combined, there is no common garbage chute in the entrance, and the number of apartments on the site is 4. The height of the ceilings in the apartments is 2.5 m2, the kitchens are less than 6 m2, to be more precise - 5.8 m2. Apartments 1, 2 and 3 rooms.
Picture – drawing:
1 room:
2 room:
3 room:
Series 1-335 (1963 – 1967)
From 1963 to 1967 The territory was built up with houses of the 1-335 series. These are also panel buildings, with a ceiling height of 2.54 m, balconies in each apartment, shared bathrooms, and the absence of an elevator and garbage chute. The kitchen area is slightly larger than in the previous series - 6.2 m2, the ceiling area is 2.5 m. There are four apartments on the site - from 1 to 3 rooms. In addition to balconies, the apartments have additional storage rooms and built-in wardrobes.
1 room:
2 room:
Series 1-434 (1958 – 1964)
This series was built from 1958 to 1964, in various years During the development, the layout of the apartments was slightly modified. For example, in buildings built in 1958 one-room apartments The area of the living room was 18.6 m2, and in 1959 it decreased to 18.2 m2, in 1969 the area of the room was 17.7 m2. And so, in all types of apartments, the area of residential premises varied in the direction of decrease and increase. But the kitchen area remained unchanged - 5.8 m2, as well as the ceiling height - 2.5 m. The houses are brick, with combined bathrooms, and each apartment has a balcony, pantry and built-in wardrobes.
Pictures – drawing (by year)
1 room 1958
1 room 1959
1 room 1960
1 room 1961
1 room 1964
2 room 1958
2 room 1959
2 room 1960
2 room 1964
