The limit of fire resistance of brick walls of partitions. Fire resistance brick wall

It's no secret that brick building - Good and strong structure, which is great for a comfortable stay. They are reliable and durable, however, of course, construction in this case will cost anything. However, it is not so important if we put all the advantages of this building material on the second bowl of the scales. He really will make your home strength, protects from insects and even from fire. The main plus of such walls is that they are fire-resistant - this is especially important for regions where fires happen quite often. In addition, the danger can come from the inside - and the fireplace can be closely installed to a good wall, without fear that the wall lights up, especially if the walls are smoke and ventilation taps. The most fireproof buildings are recognized as the thickness of the walls of which exceeds 2 bricks.

Brick walls are the most refractory

This fact does not need additional evidence, it is recorded in the manual determining the limits of fire resistance of buildings. It is known that the walls made of hollow ceramic and silicate bricks with a thickness of 120 mm constrain the fire of 150 minutes, the thickness of 250 mm increases the protection time up to 330 minutes. Gypsum stones with light concrete inside, laid out with a thickness of 120 mm have a refractority of 90 minutes.

It is important to understand that the brick provides the maximum degree of dwelling from fire - choose this particular building material if you really appreciate your life - your own and your loved ones.

Everything happens - often inside the house or on the territory, which is adjacent to it, fire arises. The hosts of brick houses can be calm - for buildings from this material there will be no serious consequences, even if the fire is strong and stubborn. Of course, suffers interior decorationBut the building itself will remain indistinct - you agree, with such consequences it is much easier to cope than to encounter the need to re-build a house. No one is insured against fires, so the concern for minimizing their consequences is very important. Such a structure - the best choice to date.

For materials from which residential buildings make a number of requirements, the main of which is fire resistance. Such material as a brick is most suitable for this requirement, as it is able to withstand the action of high temperatures in a fire.

In the first place in the construction of buildings there is always a question fire safety. Therefore, when developing projects for the construction of a new home or reconstruction of old, special attention is paid to fire standards. They include the installation of the system fire alarm, fire extinguishing, removing smoke and alert about the fire. The observation of the execution of these norms is engaged in the relevant instances. During operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the compliance with fire rules, check the system for performance and evacuation outputs.

The role of a constructive solution to the structure in protection against fire

In addition to special alert systems, attention is paid to constructive decision Constructions, which also provides fire safety. Materials from which the building is elevated are crucial. So, the limit of fire resistance brick wall It will be much higher wooden.

Limit of fire resistance of the building and its structural elements

Fire resistance limit - The time segment, during which the structural elements of the building are not destroyed and perform their purpose under the influence of fire and high temperatures. Unit of measurement of this indicator is a minute or hour. Symbol - Rei 120, Rei 70, Rei 60, etc., where 120, 70, 60 is the time of fire resistance in minutes. A structural element having an Rei 120 can withstand the action of high temperatures from fire for 120 minutes without destroying.

Fire resistance indicator is the main indicator of fire safety.

Constructive elements must be responsible for the following characteristics:

• non-hatching;
• low thermal conductivity;
• mechanical stability.

Also, the limit of fire resistance Rei 120 suggests that the paths for which people will pass during the evacuation during emergency Must be made from materials withstanding at least 120 minutes under the action of high temperatures.

The limit of fire resistance of the structure depends on several indicators:

• the complexity of the design solution of the building;
• layout;
• floors;
• the number of people in the building.

The thickness of the construction was built and physico-chemical characteristics Materials have a direct impact on the level of persistence of a particular structure of fire.

For construction products are characterized by three stages of the limit state. It is they affect the resistance to the flame.

Violated material integrity. The structure of the material is formed by emptiness through which the fire and harmful substances resulting from burning penetrates.

Violation carrier ability . This stage is characterized by deformation and destruction of the material. If an extremely critical level is achieved, then the building is impossible to operate in the future.

Fall of thermal insulation quality. At this stage, the surface constructive elements Heats up to limit values.

Flame spread limit on building structural elements

Time through which structural elements are destroyed under the action of fire:

• wooden elements - instantly;
• steel elements - 30 minutes;
• reinforced concrete - 2 hours;
• concrete - 5 hours;
• brickwork in one brick - 5 hours.

The varieties of materials by their ability to distribute fire:

• burned. Such materials include wood, coal, polymers and bitumen. Under the action of the flame, these materials are starting to smooth, as well as they can be self-turn. The flame propagation level for horizontal structural elements is more than 250 mm, for vertical - more than 400 mm;
• non-regulations. These include: materials of inorganic origin and metal;
• empty (fiberglass, fibrololite and treated wood). Such materials have the level of propagation of the fire vertically - up to 400 mm, horizontally up to 250 mm.

Brickwork has a high limit of fire resistance, as the brick refers to non-aggravated materials.

To give any material of refractory properties to be enough to handle a special mixture.

Brick walls and partitions in the role of building a building from a fire

Brick buildings for a long time are considered reliable, durable and warm. In addition, such a building is easily erected independently. An important point It is the limit of fire resistance of a brick wall has high performance. For this reason, this material is used not only for the construction carrier structures, but also as a means that can protect from fire.

Partitions and walls

For reliable protection Buildings from destructive action Fire is necessary during the construction to give preference to high refractory materials, such as chamotte brick. Walls and partitions built from this material will serve as a reliable barrier that protects the house from the further spread of the flame. A considerable importance is the fact that such structures are able to withstand long-term contact with the flame is not destroyed.

When erecting walls and partitions, it is necessary to take into account their thickness:

• walls (partitions) with a thickness of 65 mm have a limit of fire resistance - 0.75 hours;
• partitions or walls of 120 mm have a value of 2.5 hours;
• if the walls (partitions) with a thickness of 250 mm, then Rei will be equal to more than 5.5 hours;
• when protection made from facing brickshaving a thickness of 65 mm, Rei is 2.5 hours;
• with a solid masonry, a thickness of 150 mm from the level of resistance to fire depends on the action on the design of the vertical load.

When the walls are erected, the following types of bricks are used:

1. Silicate. Materials for the manufacture of such brick serve lime and sand. Brick is characterized by white light. It is able to withstand a high temperature (up to 600 degrees). Such a material is used for the construction of channels for ventilation due to its large fire resistance;
2. Ceramic. The material for its manufacture is the clay that is treated under the action of more than 1000 degrees. Thanks to this full-length ceramic brick It has an increased limit of fire resistance.
3. Heat resistant. Such a brick can be used for the construction of chimneys, fireplaces, furnaces, air ducts in high-rise buildings, smoke removal systems, furnaces in production, etc. The heat-resistant brick is divided into chammatory and clinker. Chamotal is used to build furnaces, air ducts and fireplaces, and clinker can be used to build a blast furnace, arches, etc. Such material is able to withstand temperatures up to 1800 degrees.

How to choose a suitable material

On the limit of fire resistance is influenced by the technology of manufacturing material. Great importance It has how correctly his firing was produced. In order to check the quality of the material, you can do the following: hit the brick. Qualitative material Calling a little metallic sound, incorrectly burned material - a deaf and a busty sound.

Another option to check the quality of the material is to try to split it. If the brick is made using technology, then it will fall into large pieces. If the material crumble and lifts - it is poor quality.

When choosing bricks, humidity has important. High humidity suggests that the material was made with a violation of technology. Under the influence high temperatures The design of such material will be crumbling.

Also important is what solution is made on what solution. Under construction brick design For furnaces and fireplaces, it is necessary to use clay-based solutions intended for these works.

Removing the building needs to pay special attention to the requirements of fire safety. The brick wall reliably protects the building from the rapid spread of fire. Therefore, it is best to build a brick building.

Everyone wants his home to be always protected, so if it does not happen.

For a long time, wooden architecture was used in all countries of the world, and, accordingly, during the fire, no one had already tried to extinguish the house, but everyone was unguarded from others in various ways, so that there was no massive fire in all selenia. The most famous case is the legendary arson of Rome by Emperor Nonron. Then there were not so many buildings set fire, but it was impossible to stew, because of what the most great city of that time burned down.

Varieties of bricks

Now the most popular building material is a brick, which is divided into many species. This building material is obtained by firing clay, i.e. It is originally created fire-resistant. Depending on the need, chosen different typeswho are tied to this parameter:

1. Red. The most ordinary, his double laying will withstand an absolutely any impact, while not cracking and not melted. But this does not mean that after the end of the extinguishing of the fire, it will not have to be subjected to replacement, because the second time it can be critical.
2. Refractory. Due to special properties, used in the hottest parts of fireplaces and furnaces. In one layer, it withstands the temperature under 1600 s and does not react at all. It is not suitable for construction, but in hot places it is indispensable, due to the ratio of price and quality.
3. Clinker. The highest fire resistance is from him - 1800 C is not the limit, but because of some other physical properties and external view It has the highest price among all his fellow. It is built from this brick, as a rule, only the walls of elite buildings.
4. Silicate. Possessed high levels Fire resistance, but strongly inferior to refractory and clinker. It is inexpensive, used exclusively for small works such as non-vacant walls.

The remaining options have the parameters in this plan much lower than red.

Measurement of fire resistance

The refractory masonry made in one brick is 5 o'clock, and steel columns - just 15 minutes.

This parameter in any building material is characterized by the number of hours, which it is able to withstand without destruction. So wooden walls Focus almost immediately, the steel begins to come into disrepair in 30 minutes, reinforced concrete - 2 hours, and concrete after 5. exceeds this indicator only the strength of brickwork.

The second serious factor in measuring fire resistance is resistance to fire extinguishing. When exposed to fire foam or cold water An instant change of the temperature of the wall is occurring for several hundred degrees, and sometimes a rise back. Thus, there is an additional thermal impact. In certain cases can also get into the brick area chemical elements and gases that will also have a negative impact.

There are 3 types building materials - combustible, non-aggravated, challenges.

Bore - it is wood, tar, bitumen and polymers. In the fire, they are lit either smoldering, and after extinguishing have the possibility of self-burning.

Non-aggravated - inorganic materials and metals. They physically can not burn or charring, but some of them are still deformed. Granite and marble can be completely destroyed under the action of temperatures, steel melts, build structures and concrete remain in this form, as was originally.

Empty-fabricated - all sorts of fiberglass, fibrololite and treated tree. This category is almost from artificial materialsbecause Even the tree is already processed by chemistry. For fire, a direct impact of fire is required for a while.

If necessary, any materials can be treated with special mixtures, after which they will increase their refractory propertiesBut it cannot concern the non-aggravated building materials.

It is, based on the above, many people prefer the construction of the wall of the house and the nearest household buildings from the brick, because This with a probability of 100% will save them from unexpected fire external reasons. Fire resistance of bricks manufactured by modern technologies, as well as the availability of it in our time allow you to build exactly so many buildings as needed.