Special fire safety requirements. Norms and requirements

The main legislative acts in the field of fire safety are federal laws No. 69 dated December 21, 1994, No. 123 of July 22, 2008 and No. 384 dated December 30, 2009. In addition, there are a large number of rules and rules applied in certain branches of activity.

All requirements fire safety Be sure to be executed. They are designed to ensure the safety of material values, health and lives of citizens. Control over their observance is assigned to the organs of fire supervision, which conduct planned and unscheduled inspections of organizations and enterprises. Planned checks, as a rule, are held once every 3 years. Explained control is carried out without warning, but only in coordination with the prosecutor's office. Any information on violations of rules or the occurrence of a threat can be a reason.

Responsibility for violations depends on possible or consequences and may lead to imprisonment for up to 7 years. Even the minimum administrative penalty for violation of fire rates is from 6 thousand rubles for officials, from 150 thousand rubles - for legal entities. Maximum recovery reaches half a million. This once again proves that the negligence violation of fire safety requirements at best can lead to significant financial losses, and at worst - to the death of people. Therefore, to comply with the norms established by the legislation, it is necessary to relate to the maximum responsibility.

Figure out large quantities laws, rules, guest and other legislative Base It is hard enough. In this section, we clarify how to properly organize effective fire system in the enterprise in accordance with the current regulations, regulatory acts and snow, as well as give them a clear description.

Head of pre-school educational institution is responsible for the fire status of the object. In the documents it is shown correctly organized work Security systems. All acts, positions, passports on the equipment checks fire supervision.

Fire safety regulation is carried out using Federal Law №69-FZ "On Fire Safety". With the development of the construction of objects of various difficulty in ensuring security, changes were made several times and made edits.

To comply with the requirements of fire safety, each organization requires the necessary regulations. Of course, depending on the specifics of the enterprise, they will change and add. But about the main required documents you can read here.

The instruction is applied to all enterprise divisions and establishes general fire safety requirements.

Each employee should know and strictly follow this instruction. It must be instructed, with the appropriate entry in the log of fire safety instruction. Periodically, but at least 1 time in 6 months, this instruction is being repeated under the guidance of the order assigned by the order responsible for fire safety. Violation (non-fulfillment, inappropriate implementation or evasion) Fire safety requirements, entails criminal, administrative, disciplinary or other liability in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine.

All employees are allowed to work only after passing fire briefing and training on the prevention and extinguishing of possible fires by the head of the structural unit during the initial and re-briefing on labor protection. Those employees who are entrusted to carry out activities with the mass participation of people are obliged to carefully examine the premises and make sure that they are fully prepared. Each employee must:

Comply with the requirements of fire safety and maintain fire regime in the building;

Carrying out precautions when using household chemicals, flammable (LVZ) and combustible (GJ) liquids, other fire-hazardous substances, materials; - know the evacuation scheme, location of fire extinguishers and fire cranes; - know ways of handling fire extinguishers and other fire extinguishing tools; - Do not clutter the passages outsiders;

With long interruptions of more than 1 hour or when careing, turning off the personal computer and other electrical appliances (except fax and refrigerator) by removing the plug from the outlet;

Before leaving the office space, close the windows, framugs and windows and inspection. At the same time, it is necessary to make sure that there are no ignition sources in the room (smoldering paper, cigarettes, candles, etc.), all electrical receivers are disabled, the lighting is turned off. The employee is not allowed:

Store flammable, combustible and explosives in rooms;

Blood with flammable materials (tissues, paper, etc.) Table lamps and heaters with an open spiral;

Hang clothes on switches or sockets; - smoke in the rooms;

Apply an open fire in the building;

Leave unattended electrical equipment (PC, heater, desktop lamp etc.);

Dry clothes and shoes on heating devices;

Use self-made or faulty electrical appliances and power tools.

On the floors, and in the facilities of the object in the prominent place are postponed instructions on fire safety measures, signs indicating the phone number fireguard, surnames and initials an employee responsible for fire safety.

2. The procedure for the content of the territory, buildings, premises and evacuation paths.

The territory adjacent to the enterprise should be purified from combustible waste, garbage, containers, fallen leaves, dry herbs, etc. Combustible waste, garbage, etc. It should be collected on specially selected sites in containers or boxes, and then export. Fire breaks between buildings and structures are not allowed to use for parking of transport.

Roads, drives and entrances to the building, exterior fire stairs and water sources used for fire extinguishing purposes should always be free for travel firemanship, To be in good condition, and in the winter to be purified from snow and ice.

Temporary buildings should be located at a distance at a distance of at least 15 m. Not allowed smoking in rooms and in non-reserved places. Bone breeding, waste burning and containers are not allowed closer than 50 m to the building. Burning waste and containers in specially designated places should be carried out under the control of the service personnel. Places of placement (location) Fire safety facilities and smoking area should be marked by fire safety signs. On the territory of the enterprise is not allowed to arrange the landfills of combustible waste. Fire extinguishing products, fire taps of internal fireproof water supply must be constantly kept in good working condition. It is not allowed to carry out work on equipment with faults that can lead to fire. Indoors are not allowed:

Store and apply flammable and combustible fluids, explosives, gas cylinders, goods in aerosol packaging, celluloid and other explosion hazardous substances and materials;

Use the attic and other technical premises for the organization of workshops or warehouses;

Remove the evacuation yields provided by the project of emergency exits from floor corridors and staircases,

Close up furniture, equipment and other items of transitions to adjacent sections and exits to evacuation stairs;

Cleaning the premises and washing clothes with the use of gasoline, kerosene and other hz and Gzh, as well as to heat the frozen pipes by soldier lamps and other methods using open fire;

Arrange staircases and flooring storage rooms, as well as stored under ladder marchs and on the staircases of things, furniture and other combustible materials; - To allow a simultaneous stay of 50 or more people on the floor with one open evacuation exit.

In the premises on working days to carry out daily cleaning. Used combustible materials are made to metal containers located outside the building. On evacuation outputs, there must be pointers "evacuation (dying) output", "The door of the evacuation (spare) output." Doors on evacuation paths must be opened freely and in the direction of exiting the building. Popps on the doors of evacuation outputs should provide people inside the building the possibility of free to open them from the inside without a key.

When closing spare evacuation yields to internal mechanical locks on each floor of the building assigned a responsible duty officer from among the service personnel, which constantly has a set of keys from all locks on the doors of evacuation outputs. Another set of keys should be stored in the room attendant on the building. Each key on both sets should have an inscription on its belonging to the corresponding castle.

When operating evacuation paths and outputs, it is prohibited:

Close the evacuation paths and exits (including passages, corridors, tamburas, staircases, marches of stairs, doors) with various materials, garbage and other objects, as well as clog the doors of evacuation outputs;

Arrange hanger hangers in Tamburas for clothes, wardrobes, as well as store inventory and materials;

Arrange the evacuation paths, as well as other devices; preventing free evacuation of people;

Apply combustible materials for finishing, facing and painting walls and ceilings, as well as steps and staircases on evacuation paths;

Fix the self-closing door of staircases, corridors, halls and tambouries in open positionAnd also to shoot them.

In case of disconnection of electricity at duty (premises) there must be an electric lamp.

Carpets, carpet tracks and other floor coverings in rooms with a massive stay of people should be securely attached to the floor.

It is no secret that the requirements of PB (fire safety) are violated in many enterprises. And if earlier the company's leaders were easier to pay a penalty for violation, now, or rather, after the adoption of Federal Law No. 120-ФЗ dated June 3, 2011, which has made some significant changes to the Code of Administrative Violations (CACAP), it is necessary to think well. What is simpler, and most importantly cheaper, eliminate disorders or pay fines that have significantly increased? In addition, new penalties introduced (Article 19.5 of the Administrative Code was supplemented by paragraphs 12-14), which were not taken until June 2011, namely:
- if you do not eliminate disorders of fire safety in set time, then the enterprise will be fined from 70,000 to 80,000 thousand rubles.
- If you do not eliminate disorders for enterprises working in the field of education, health care or social services, then the company will pay a fine of 90,000 to 100,000 rubles

In the event of a repeated violation of the two above paragraphs, the company will be fined from 150,000 to 200,000 rubles.

What provisions of PB in enterprises are violated most often?

The most common violations are those that are directly related to safe evacuation People in the event of a fire. For non-compliance with the requirements for evacuation outputs (doors) and evacuation paths (stairs, corridors, lift Halls, lobby, lobby and staircases) An enterprise can be fined in the amount of 150,000 to 200,000 rubles

Basic Fire Safety Requirements for Evacuation Outputs and Evacuation Trauters:

There must be 2 (or more) evacuation outputs for:
- premises in which more than 50 people can be at the same time,
- bedroom rooms and ground floor (More than 300 m2 with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 300 m2 or in the case when more than 15 people can be located at the same time).

Dimensions door openings On the ways, according to which the evacuation of people should be, should be in a width of 80 cm (or more), and height 190 cm (or more).

The paths for which the evacuation of people should be covered.

Ways evacuation I. evacuation outputs Always should be free. They should not climb the equipment, furniture or any other objects.

We draw your attention to the fact that after the approval of April 25, 2012, the registration of the N 390 of the Fire Regime (PPR) rules instead of the Fire Safety Rules of the PPB 01-03 removed the ban on the installation of deaf grilles on the windows.

On the paths of evacuation, the width of the steps should be 25 cm (or more), and the height of the steps is 22 cm (or less).

The angle of inclination of stairs must be 45 degrees (or less).

If the height difference is less than 45 cm, then the stairs on the stairs should be 3 (or more) or there must be a ramp (the slope of the ramp is no more than 1: 6).

Height of thresholds B. doorway should not be more than 10 cm.

If the height of the staircase is 45 cm (or more), then the railings are needed (the railing should be located at an altitude of 1.2 m).

The height of the ceilings on the evacuation paths should be 2 m (or more), the width of the corridor is 1 m (or more), the width of the passage to the single workplace 70 cm (or more).

You can not install batteries, or any other equipment in the corridors on the evacuation paths at a height of less than 2 m.

It is impossible to separate the premises and the paths of evacuation with combustible materials with an increased level of toxicity and smoke.

Passages in commercial and warehouses should not be too narrow (less than 1 m)

All doors must open out (in the direction of exit). You can not close the door to the locks, instead of locks there must be a junk, opening from the inside. Refers to the doors on the Evacuation paths.

Basemental premises must be separated from staircases by fireproof doors.

2. The second largest fire safety disorders are the requirements for detection, extinguishing and fire alerts (fine from 150,000. Up to 200,000 rubles), namely, the enterprise should be:

Fire extinguishers B. necessary quantity and necessary type in humiliated state. There must be a magazine accounting magazine. Fire extinguishers themselves need to numbered white paint.

Fire alarm (AUPC - automatic installation fire alarm) If regulatory documents require this. Not only the presence of fire alarm, its maintenance, but also timeliness maintenance. The presence is also checked
The contract of maintenance of fire alarm system with a licensed organization and maintenance logs (in the journal there must be a mark on conducting regulatory work, there must be a quarterly act of checking alarm performance (this was first introduced in the rules of fire regime (paragraph 61)).

- a warning system of a defined type (if it is provided for by regulatory documents).

Smoke removal system (if provided for by fire safety).

Fire extinguishing system (if it is provided for by the rules of fire safety).

Fireproof water supply (if it is provided for fire safety). It is particularly checked by the serviceability of its work, the presence of an act of tests for tightness, the height of the compact part of the jet and the required water consumption.

Wiring and electrical equipment must clearly comply with PUE (rules of electrical installations)

3. We should also not forget that you need to keep free approaches and entrance to your enterprise. Otherwise you (as entity) May be fined in the amount of from 120,000 to 150,000 rubles.

4. What else should be in the enterprise not to violate fire safety requirements:

Plates with a telephone number of fire protection chart 01 and 011. Should hang in prominent places

Instructions on fire safety measures (must comply with the rules of fire regime)

Evacuation plans. If there are more than 10 people on one floor of the building, there must be plans to evacuate people in the event of a fire and hang they should in prominent places.