Which wall primer is best. Choosing a deep penetration primer: which one is better for the floor and why is it needed. For wet rooms

Peeling wallpaper, cracked paint or plaster, peeling tiles are all problems that may be faced by those who decide to save money and refuse to priming the walls. The procedure for applying primer will not take much time and will not hit the pocket, but it will provide better adhesion to the wall surface, and in some cases even save the consumption of materials for the finishing coat. Not so long ago, the primer mixture was prepared by diluting the glue with water, but now a lot of ready-made products have appeared on the market, allowing you to choose the optimal composition for any type of surface, finishing material and room conditions, for example, a Knauf primer. We will determine which primer to choose for the walls in each specific case, and how not to make a mistake when buying.

# 1. What is a primer for?

This question is asked by everyone who is engaged in repairs, doubting that the soil is generally necessary. So what is a primer for and what does it consist of? The primer mixes include film-forming polymeric materials (resins, oils, adhesives), pigments, drying accelerators and various additives to impart the necessary qualities. Primers do not have decorative properties, are used underneath, but, if necessary, can be tinted to simplify the process of applying the cladding.

Primers available in the form of ready-to-wall formulations or powders, which must be prepared according to the instructions. The composition can vary greatly depending on which surface the primer is intended for and what conditions will be in the room where it is used. Regardless of the composition the functions of the primer remain unchanged:

Manufacturers offer today a huge variety of formulations that can confuse an unprepared person and force them to buy a material that is not quite suitable out of desperation. To decide which primer is better to choose, you should clearly understand what surface will the composition be applied to, consider room features and type of future finishing material... On sale you can find special compounds for metal, wood, or for places with high humidity. It is worth paying attention to the information indicated by the manufacturer, but it is better when you can double-check it, knowing the features of a particular composition, so it is worth studying the properties of the main types of primers before buying.

No. 2. Types of wall primers by composition

Depending on the characteristics of the composition, such main types of primers:

• acrylic primer- the most universal composition, which can be used to cover wood, chipboard, brick, old and fresh. Acrylic primer can be used on porous substrates, is odorless, dries quickly (about 5 hours), forms a "breathable" surface. The only drawback is that it is not suitable for priming metal surfaces;
• alkyd primer- ideal for processing wooden surfaces, which, under the action of such a primer, acquire a slightly swollen structure, due to which an excellent adhesion to any finishing materials: from wallpaper and painting to cement-sand coatings. One layer of this primer dries for about 15 hours. The composition may contain substances that prevent the development of corrosion and the appearance of mold;
• glyphthalic primer- one of the few compounds that can be used to process metal surfaces... It is also sometimes used for application to. The primer dries out within a day, but has a limitation - it is suitable only for relatively dry rooms, since it loses its properties with constant exposure to high humidity;
• perchlorovinyl primer- a universal compound that can be used to process wood, brick, plaster and even metal. It dries quickly, and in summer at high temperatures one layer dries up in 1 hour. Inside residential premises, this primer is not used due to its toxicity, but for external work she might come up;
  
• polyvinyl acetate primer consists of polyvinyl acetate dispersion and latex, can be applied to any surface and is used only as a base under polyvinyl acetate paint... Dries quickly, up to 30 minutes;
• phenolic primer it is used as the first layer in the processing of metal and wood structures. The composition dries up to 15 hours, it is used for carrying out only;
• polystyrene primer also cannot be used for interior work, it processes plastered and wooden surfaces;
• aluminum plasters, as a rule, they are used for processing wooden surfaces and can additionally protect them from fungal attack;
• epoxy primers suitable for processing metal and concrete. They protect metal from corrosion, and allow concrete to better adhere to the finish;
  
• shellac primers are used for the treatment of wooden surfaces and prevent the release of resins;
• mineral primers produced on the basis of gypsum, lime and used for surface treatment of concrete and brick walls. Such a soil dries from 3 to 24 hours, which depends on the thickness of the layer and the nature of the surface material.

You can also find on sale universal primers... The very name of these compositions suggests that they can be used for application to any surface. They are used to perform minor construction and repair work, when the necessary composition with specific qualities was not at hand, and also sometimes for the treatment of surfaces consisting of different materials.

No. 3. Properties and purpose of the primer

Depending on the room in which the primer will be used, compositions with specific properties can be selected for surface treatment:

• - option for loose and not strong enough surfaces. The composition is able to perfectly strengthen such a wall and significantly reduce paint consumption. Often such compositions are used to impregnate a surface finished with plaster, but this does not prevent the use of a primer for application to drywall, brick, etc. If necessary reliable primer for wallpaper, especially for their heavy types, you can safely opt for such compositions. It is not recommended to use a deep penetration primer for treating surfaces with poor moisture absorption capacity;
  
• antiseptic primer for wet rooms(bathroom and kitchen) contains special substances that prevent the appearance and development of fungus, has water-repellent properties and can even reduce the inflammability of the base. Such formulations provide such high adhesion that the surface of the material and the finish adhere very strongly, and no microorganisms can seep into the joint. In the bathroom, it is recommended to apply a primer in three layers;
• anticorrosive compounds indispensable for the processing of metal surfaces, prevent the formation of rust, increase the service life;
• adhesives and non-contact primers used when it is important to achieve the maximum level of adhesion to a smooth and absolutely non-absorbent surface (concrete, previously painted walls). They contain sand or acicular quartz particles to increase adhesion. Such primers can be used to treat the substrate before.
  

Manufacturers should indicate on the packaging what type of surface the primer is intended for, where it is recommended to use it, and what the approximate material consumption will be for different types of surfaces. Experts advise, when choosing a primer, to pay attention to the products of those manufacturers whose finishing materials you use - as a rule, the products of one company go well.

No. 4. Top primer manufacturers

It is hardly possible to argue with the fact that the primer from a large eminent manufacturer is of high quality. Buying a composition from a little-known company is always a risk: maybe you are lucky and the material will meet expectations, or maybe it will not have the declared properties or, even worse, spoil the surface. If you do not want to risk the quality of the repair, it is better to go directly to the shelves with products in the store. renowned primer manufacturers:

• Ceresit- a leader in the production of building mixtures, has existed for over 100 years and always relies on advanced technologies, quality control and expansion of the range. Due to the fact that today the company's factories are located in Russia, the cost of products was reduced without loss of quality. The assortment includes a primer and a deep penetrating primer-concentrate, a primer for absorbent mineral substrates, a primer for decorative plaster and a non-contact primer for processing smooth substrates;
  
• Knauf- a German company, has existed since the 30s, has been represented on the domestic market since 1993. They pay great attention to innovation, continuous improvement and implementation of complex solutions for renovation work. The assortment is represented by deep penetration primers, universal compounds for absorbent substrates, primers for cement plaster;
• Tikkurila Is a Finnish company that has been operating since 1862. Plants are located in 7 countries of the world, they produce paints and other finishing and building materials. Primers are represented by acrylics, universal, moisture-proof and adhesive compounds;
  
• Caparol Is a brand known all over the world. The history of the company dates back to 1885 in Germany, and today its products are used in hundreds of countries. It produces primers for indoor and outdoor use, incl. frost-resistant and antiseptic compositions;
• Weber- a company that is now part of the Saint-Gobain group and produces building mixtures under the Vetonit trademark. The assortment includes primers for outdoor and indoor use, if necessary, they can be tinted;
• IVSIL- a domestic company, operating since 1997, has constantly evolved and today has grown into a major manufacturer of building mixtures. Produces universal and deep penetration primer;
• "Prospectors" Is a domestic company founded in 1992. At first, only putties were produced here, then they began to establish the production of other mortars and mixtures, improved formulations, purchased raw materials from leading manufacturers, introduced innovations, and now it is one of the largest Russian manufacturers of primers. The range includes universal formulations, primers for highly absorbent surfaces, and concrete contact primers.
  

No. 5. How to apply the primer?

The process of applying a primer is no more difficult than. Experts recommend priming the wall not only for the finishing material, but also before it (applying plaster or). Before applying the primer under the facing layer, make sure that the surface is even, smooth and free from noticeable defects.

For work, you need a selected primer, bath and tools for applying the composition: for the treatment of hard-to-reach places. Some people use a spray bottle, but its use is not always justified. The consumption of the composition depends on many factors and averages 100-200 ml per 1 m 2. The main surface is processed with a roller, corners and the most difficult places are primed with a brush. When the first layer has dried, they begin to apply the second, if necessary (when the structure of the walls is fragile). After the primer has completely dried, you can proceed to finishing work.

In order for the wallpaper to look spectacular, to be securely attached to the wall, two conditions are necessary - this is the maximum smoothness of the surface and its high adhesion to the finishing material. Therefore, before tackling wallpaper, it is imperative to carry out preparatory work, which usually includes five stages: the choice of material, cleaning the walls from old coatings, treating the surfaces with special antiseptic compounds, then repairing the identified defects, bringing to perfect evenness with putty and soil treatment ...

The primer for the walls under the wallpaper is made on the basis of different materials. Therefore, in order not to be mistaken with the choice of the composition, you need to familiarize yourself with their characteristics in advance.

What is a primer?

A primer or, as this composition is sometimes called, a primer, in fact, is an auxiliary material, but it is he who ensures the success of finishing work, including

The composition is a homogeneous odorless liquid or thick suspension. It can be transparent or have one or another shade (most often - milky), produced in a ready-made or concentrated form requiring dilution with water. After absorbing and drying, the composition forms a transparent film on the surface. The primer may contain organic resins and adhesives, film-forming components made on different bases - silicate, acrylic, silicone, latex and other copolymers. In addition, the solution is usually supplemented with various additives and fillers that increase the effectiveness of the material and simplify handling. There is also a dry powder primer on sale.

Typically, primers are packaged in plastic buckets or bottles. On the packaging, the manufacturer must place information on the following parameters:

• proportions and method of dilution of the composition;
• solution consumption per 1 sq. m .;
• method of applying the material to the surface;
• drying time of the applied solution;
• warranty period of validity;
• date of manufacture.

The primer must have the following properties:

• Great penetration depth into the treated surface.
• The ability to increase the adhesion of materials.
• Strengthening properties of the surface structure of the material.
• Antiseptic qualities - the ability to make the surface resistant to the appearance and development of various forms of microflora - fungus, mold, etc.
• Sufficiently short period of complete absorption and drying.

When choosing a primer composition, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of use that affect the effectiveness of the treatment:

• The material of the treated surface is plaster, drywall, wood, brick or concrete, etc.
• Humidity of the room where the primer will be applied;
• The type of decorative finish for which the surface of the wall is treated with a primer - liquid or ordinary wallpaper;
• The density of the wallpaper selected for the sticker.

What is a primer for?

Due to its specific properties, the primer solution is able to put the surface of the walls in order and create a reliable basis for applying the adhesive composition:

• Deep penetration of the primer into the structural structure of the wall material contributes to the filling of micropores and cracks, binds dust residues, thereby hardening the surface.
• Antiseptic additives disinfect the wall material and make it resistant to biologically aggressive environment.

• The primer provides excellent adhesion of the wallpaper glue to the wall and finishing material, preventing the wallpaper from peeling off at corners and joints.
• The film formed on the surface does not allow wallpaper glue to be actively absorbed into it, which significantly reduces its consumption.
• The primer significantly evens out the tone of the wall, which is very important when gluing light-colored wallpaper.
• The solution is able to mask small imperfections on surfaces and make them smooth, which makes it easier and faster to paste wallpaper.
• After coating with a primer, the surfaces remain "breathable", that is, they are capable of letting in vapors - this is extremely important for creating a favorable microclimate in the apartment.

The main types of primers

All existing primers can be divided into three categories - by solubility, by the material on the basis of which they are made, and also by purpose.

According to the type of solubility, primers are divided:

• Organic solvent based primers based on alkyd resins (glyphthalic), polyurethane and latex.
• Waterborne deep penetrating primer. These include acrylic, latex, silicate and silicone formulations.
• Mineral materials based on lime, gypsum and cement.

High-quality preparation of the walls will be ensured if all materials for it are made by one manufacturer. They, having good compatibility with each other, will give an excellent end result.

Classification by purpose of primer mixtures:

• universal water-based;
• specialized - anti-corrosion and antibacterial;
• deep penetration - up to 10 ÷ 15 mm;
• anti-fungal;
• insulating;
• concrete contact.

To cover the walls for pasting them with wallpaper, the following primers are most often used, sold ready-made or in a form requiring dilution:

• universal;
• latex;
• acrylic;
• alkyd;
• wallpaper adhesives.

The choice of a primer composition by consistency

The primer can also be divided into covering or deep, that is, according to its property of remaining on the surface of the wall, creating a film and leveling flaws, or penetrating deep into the structure and strengthening it. Therefore, it is worth figuring out which is better to choose a primer in terms of consistency - how it will work will directly depend on this property.

The primers are available as a clear and thick white liquid solution. Each of them has a specific purpose, its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Deep penetrating liquid solutions are designed to strengthen the outer layer of the wall and to bind dust. Some of these primers contain special substances that can quench alkalis.

The positive qualities of liquid primers include their affordable price and the ability to penetrate the structure of the wall 25% deeper than thick ones.

The negative qualities of such a solution are their transparency, possible inhomogeneity of the application, since it is difficult to apply layers without overlap. As a result, the surface will have glossy and matte areas, which means that they will have slightly different adhesive properties.

• Thick white primers are not only designed to strengthen the wall surface and bind dust - they are able to close small flaws in the wall, creating a smooth surface. Some of these primers also contain antiseptic and alkali-quenching additives.

The positive properties of thick primers include their ability to fill the micropores of the surface with the formation of a white substrate for decorative finishing. In addition, the composition can even out the heterogeneity of the porous surface, bringing it to ideal smoothness.

The negative aspects in the use of a thick primer can only be attributed to its significantly lower penetrating ability compared to liquid.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that, no matter what composition the primer is bought, it is better to choose its thick version, since it creates ideal conditions for gluing wallpaper canvases.

Experienced craftsmen most often use both options - the first layer is a deep penetration liquid primer, and the second is a thick one, which brings the surface to the ideal.

How do different types of primer work?

To make the right choice, you need to know how different types of primers work when applied to wall surfaces.

This type of primer is made using polymer binders based on styrene-acrylate dispersion. The acrylic primer is well suited for the preparation of interior surfaces for finishing work. The material does not give off harsh unpleasant odors, dries quickly enough and is suitable for application under any type of wallpaper.

At the same time, such a primer facilitates work and gives the walls the qualities necessary for further finishing:

• The hygroscopicity of the surface is reduced.
• New cracks are prevented.
• The service life of the decorative coating is increased.
• The film formed by the soil can protect the surface from mechanical damage (this is especially important for drywall), and also make it resistant to temperature extremes.
• Consumption of adhesive composition is significantly reduced.

The concentrated composition can be diluted with water very easily and without loss of its qualities.

Acrylic primer, depending on its physical properties, can be divided into five types:

• With the effect of deep penetration into the structure of the wall - it is usually used for "weak" and porous surfaces.
• Adhesive, which enhances the adhesion of the decorative material to the base.

• A universal compound used for any type of surface and giving it high moisture resistance. Used for interior work.
• An impregnating primer capable of leveling loose surfaces or smoothing out small imperfections on them.
• A special solution designed for a specific type of material.

Acrylic primer is usually applied in one to two coats, depending on the condition of the surface, using a paint roller. Hard-to-reach areas such as corners and areas around radiators are brushed with a soft synthetic bristle brush.

Drying of the surface occurs two to four hours after applying the composition, after which it will be possible to proceed to pasting the walls with wallpaper.

The advantage of this type of soil can be called its versatility, since it is suitable for processing surfaces of any quality, even dilapidated ones.

If the wallpaper is planned to be glued to the wall, leveled with plasterboard, the primer is applied twice - before covering it with putty and already on the putty surface. This method of preliminary preparation of the wall will not allow, when the wallpaper is removed in the future, when it is time to replace it, it will not be possible to remove it together with the cardboard layer of gypsum board, thereby keeping the surface intact.

From a wall treated with an acrylic primer, old wallpaper will easily come off after processing it with warm water or a special agent, without damaging the putty layer.

The consumption of acrylic primer can vary - it depends on the component composition, the material of the walls, the quality of the surface, their porosity, etc. The average consumption is from 150 to 250 grams per square meter.

Latex is a natural component obtained from the sap of the rubber tree. It has such qualities necessary for finishing materials as water resistance, elasticity, strength, good resistance to stretching and compression.

Natural material is quite expensive, and today a synthetic substance is used in building materials, which has the properties of natural latex. It is also used in the manufacture of latex primers. This type of primer is most often an opaque liquid substance that, when dried, creates a thin film on the wall surface, which ensures good adhesion of the wall to decorative materials.

Latex primer adheres evenly to the surface and dries quickly, but has a lower adhesive power compared to acrylic material. The primer is used to strengthen loose and crumbling wall surfaces - drywall or old plaster, and helps to improve their waterproofing properties.

Latex primer adheres well to wood and fibreboard, any kind of concrete and natural stone and is excellent for damp rooms, as it creates conditions for resisting damp surfaces.

Tury Acrylic Latex Prices

Tury Latex acrylic

The average consumption of this material is 350 ÷ 500 grams per square meter.

Alkyd primer

An alkyd type of primer has the properties of a paint, forming a film on various types of surfaces. Such a composition perfectly fits on wooden and concrete surfaces, filling the pores of the upper layer of the material structure. This prevents the wood from swelling and moisture penetration into the concrete walls.

Alkyd primers make surfaces moisture resistant and resistant to mold and mildew colonies. Often this type of material is used as a base for a second latex or acrylic primer coat or for an acrylic-based paint.

Alkyd compounds do not have the qualities of deep penetration into wall materials, but they perfectly prepare surfaces for further processing. They are often used to cover reinforced concrete structures - they make them more susceptible to decorative finishing materials. In addition, the primer perfectly blocks rust from metal inclusions that may be found in concrete slabs. Over time, rust can appear through the pasted wallpaper and ruin the entire appearance of the decorative finish.

It will not be possible to fix plastered, gypsum or alkyd primers, therefore, this must be foreseen when purchasing this material.

Alkyd primers are produced in metal and plastic packaging, ready for use. The material is applied in one or two layers with a roller and a brush, the layer thickness can be 1 ÷ 2 mm.

If necessary, thin the thickened primer, use xylene or white spirit.

Alkyd primer consumption is 100 ÷ 150 grams per square meter. Complete drying of this material usually occurs within 24 hours after its application at a temperature of at least 20 degrees.

It should be noted that this material has a very affordable price compared to other primers. It is possible to use such a primer for wallpaper only as a last resort, and it is better to use primers made on other bases, which will strengthen the surface of the walls and create higher adhesive properties of the surface.

Universal primer

This type of primer is suitable for strengthening all types of surfaces, not excluding shabby and crumbling ones. A universal primer based on acrylic copolymers with the addition of resins that enhance the quality of the material. This primer is diluted with water and has the property of deep penetration into the structure of the processed materials, making them moisture resistant and adhesive with any finishing materials.

The universal primer is suitable for treating walls both outside and inside the room, increasing their resistance to various types of influences and increasing the service life of the decorative coating.

Such a primer is well applied to foam and aerated concrete walls, gypsum plasterboards, reinforced concrete structures and other surfaces.

This composition is also applied in one or two layers, and its consumption is minimal and is only 100-120 grams per square meter of area.

Priming with wallpaper glue

Some craftsmen believe that before gluing the wallpaper, it is enough to treat the wall with casein-based wallpaper glue. Of course, you can use it, but such a treatment, which does not have the properties of a primer, will not be able to solve the problems of strengthening the surface, increasing its moisture resistance, acquiring antiseptic qualities and smoothing out small flaws.

Priming with glue does not require special skill - it is enough to correctly, according to the instructions, dilute the adhesive composition, wait until it is infused, and then apply it to the surface of the walls using a roller. In order for the wallpaper to hold well, you need to wait about a day, and only then start gluing decorative canvases.

Other wallpaper adhesives can be used to cover the walls. In some of them, the instructions even provide recommendations for observing the proportions when mixing it with water for precisely priming surfaces.

If you decide to use this particular option for preparing the walls, then when choosing an adhesive, you should pay attention to the instructions for use. It should indicate that the composition can be used as a primer. If there is no such clarification, then it is better to refuse this idea, since such processing can negatively affect the decorative material. In this case, formulations on a different basis should be considered.

The average consumption of wallpaper glue for priming walls will be 70 ÷ 100 grams per square meter.

PVA glue as a primer

PVA is a versatile adhesive and is used for many needs, including construction work. It has been used as a primer since Soviet times, since then it was simply impossible to find a real primer on the market. The glue is a dense white emulsion produced on a polyvinyl acetate base, it is non-toxic and does not have an unpleasant odor.

When making a primer from it for wallpaper, chalk, gypsum, drying oil or alabaster are often added to the composition - these components are designed to increase the strength of the primer and facilitate filling and comparing porous surfaces.

Making a primer from PVA glue can be called an economical way, but this composition has one serious drawback that can seriously spoil the appearance of the decorative coating. The fact is that over time it tends to change its color from white to yellow. This yellowness can appear through light thin wallpaper with spots, and then you will have to completely change the entire finish.

PVA glue is diluted with water in proportions 1: 2 to the consistency of liquid kefir. This process must be carried out in a warm room and with active stirring.

It is necessary to prepare the primer in small portions, otherwise it quickly loses its adhesive qualities. After developing the finished primer, the next portion is made.

Many are attracted by the use of PVA as a primer due to its affordable price, ease of manufacture of the composition and environmental friendliness of the material. But if high-quality expensive wallpaper is used for decoration, then it is better not to risk it and use professional primer solutions.

Prices for different types of primer

Primer

How to prepare walls for wallpaper

Before applying the primer, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work on the walls. So, if old wallpaper still remains on the walls, you need to start by removing them.

Removing old wallpaper

There are several ways to remove old wallpaper from a wall:

• Using a spatula, pry dry wallpaper and tear them off in small pieces. This method is the most unsuccessful, since the work will take too long, and part of the plaster or putty applied to the wall may come off along with the paper.

• The second option is to wet all the glued surfaces with very warm water several times. In this case, the wallpaper will move away from the wall and remove from it much easier. But really good water saturation of all surfaces in the room will take at least one day.

• The third option is to expose the finishing material to hot, humid air. For this, an iron with a steaming function or a special tool used by builders is quite suitable.

However, due to one repair, probably, no one will spend money on such a device, so some firms offer services for performing such work. Their implementation today costs about 35 to 60 rubles per square meter of area. The price depends on the level of difficulty in removing the old coating.

• The fourth and most optimal option is to purchase a special wallpaper remover.

Today several companies offer such products. The method and proportions for diluting the composition can be found on the packaging, and such a bottle will be enough for a large room.

Usually the solution is diluted in a bucket, then it is poured into a spray bottle and sprayed on all walls from which it is necessary to remove the old decorative coating. The time that must be waited after finishing the application of the composition is also indicated in the instructions.

After this period, you can proceed to removing the wallpaper. To do this, you will also need a spatula, but not in order to scrape off the dried paper from the wall, but simply to pick up the corner of each of the canvases. The wallpaper will easily peel off from the surface in one piece.

First coat of primer

After removing the old decorative material, flaws that need to be eliminated will definitely be found under it. If the grooves and cracks are large, they may have to be widened and repaired with a putty, and if defects are widely spread over the entire wall, it will have to be plastered completely. However, before applying repair compounds either to detected defects or to the entire wall, they must be treated with a deep penetration primer.

The work is carried out using a roller, which is dipped into a primer, poured into a special bath. The solution is carefully applied to the surface, starting from the bottom of the wall and gradually rising up to the ceiling. Using this technique, you can significantly save on primer, since if you start applying from the ceiling, then most of the liquid collected by the roller will be on the floor.

Tidying up wall surfaces

After the surface has been primed and dried, all cracks, “sinks” and depressions are sealed with a spatula. If necessary, plaster the entire surface.

Leveling the wall with plaster

Sometimes too large surface defects do not allow us to limit ourselves to minor repairs or the application of a thin layer of putty. How to do it correctly - in a separate publication of our portal.

If only a minor repair of individual sections of the wall is enough, and you can do without plastering the entire surface, they proceed to putty work. The main task is to make the surface for wallpapering as flat and smooth as possible.

Prices for mixtures for leveling walls and ceilings

Mixes for leveling walls and ceilings

Priming prepared surfaces before wallpapering

• When the putty smooth walls are well dried, proceed to priming them for gluing a decorative coating.
• For work, a roller with a long handle and with a "fur coat" made of velor, short pile or foam rubber, as well as a tray, into which the primer will be poured, is again prepared.
• If it is necessary to dilute the solution to the desired consistency, this is done in a plastic bucket, from which it is convenient to pour it into a tray in portions, approximately 0.5 ÷ 0.7 liters.

• A roller is dipped into the liquid, then it is necessary to squeeze out the excess from the roller on the corrugated surface of the bath in order to prevent unjustified loss of material. Then you can proceed to applying the composition to the walls. As mentioned above, the process is carried out from the bottom up.
• In this way, large wall planes are processed.
• Next, a brush is taken, preferably with an artificial soft bristle, and all hard-to-reach places are treated with it - corners, the area under windows, near pipes and radiators.
• It is very important to cover the entire plane with a primer, not skipping individual sections, otherwise, in these places, the wallpaper will move away from the wall.
• If necessary, the surfaces are covered with another layer of primer, after the first one has completely dried.
• After finishing the priming work, the walls must be well dried at room temperature for 24 hours. In the characteristics of some primers, the time for their drying is determined at 2 ÷ 4 hours, but nevertheless, in order not to create unforeseen problems with the finishing material, it is recommended to postpone wallpapering for 24 hours.
• After this time, the masters advise to conduct another test, which will help to obtain a high-quality and durable decorative coating. Wallpaper should be glued to a well-dried wall surface. To find out the degree of their drying, a piece of dense plastic film, approximately 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm, is taken and glued tightly to the wall using pieces of masking tape. A hermetically sealed space should form under the film, and the film remains in this position until morning. If it turns out to be dry inside in the morning, you can safely proceed to wallpapering. If condensation has formed under the film, then you should wait some more time and allow the walls to dry completely.

So, the process of applying the primer itself is quite simple. The main thing is to make the right choice of materials, and, relying on the developed technologies, to carry out all the preparatory work. Only in this case, the primer will be effective, and the wallpaper will ideally lie on the surface of the walls and will not peel off over time.

Video: tips for choosing and applying a primer for wallpaper

Room decoration is one of the most important components of a good repair, so it should only be carried out with a high-quality and effective tool, such as a deep penetration primer.

Due to the fact that there are many of their types, it is always difficult to determine which primer to choose, which one is better and how it should be correctly applied so that the surface finish of the material is successful.

Purpose of the primer

The use of a deep penetration primer is required to finish an insufficiently dense and loose wall surface. This can be done due to the presence of a binding component in its composition, which contains microscopic particles.

When applying a primer, they all go deep into the material and begin to glue it together, after which it will be more durable. Also, a deep penetration primer has an anti-fungal and antiseptic effect on it.

After that, it is covered with some kind of protective film, which further prevents moisture from penetrating into the material. The primer is well suited for such types of bases as: foam concrete, plasterboard, wooden, plaster, brick, aerated concrete.

It can be used both for finishing surfaces inside the house and outside..

Soil properties for walls

Deep penetration primer has the following properties:

• Colour... Combination of milky, white and colorless shades;
• the primer has no frost resistance;
• material safety. The components of the primer are not explosive, fire hazardous and toxic;
• the depth of penetration depends on the degree of porosity of the material and can be up to 5 - 10 mm;
• the largest particle size - 0.05 microns;
• operating temperature is 40 ° - 60 °;
• antiseptic properties are typical for the primer;
• drying time. Each coat of primer should be applied in stages with a time interval of 1 hour. In order for the primer to dry completely, you need to wait 1 day if the air temperature is at least 20 ° and the humidity is not less than 60%;
• the ambient temperature should be 5-30 °.

Advantages

When using a primer for finishing concrete, air exchange occurs and at the same time does not isolate the pores inside it. It is characterized by significant stability and can withstand up to 5 cycles of defrosting and freezing down to -15 °. The finishing material connects well to each other.

Plastering the walls is a necessary stage in the renovation of an apartment. learn how to level the walls with plaster.

Plastering increases the thickness of the walls, which has a positive effect on their strength. information about how long the plaster dries on the walls.

Any residential and non-residential premises need to be provided with heat. - a guarantee of high-quality and reliable heating.

Reduces the amount of materials used for further finishing.
By choosing the best primer for deep penetration, it will provide good water resistance and vapor permeability to the surface. Due to the presence of antiseptic properties, fungus and mold do not appear on the surface of the material.

Penetrates deep into the material and bonds it. When the primer dries, a matt layer forms on the material. The walls become stronger and thus no cracks form in them. Adhesion is increased. You can prevent the formation of spots and streaks on the surface. Dust is removed from the surface of the material.

Types - how to choose the right one

Its main component is polymer. A very popular primer of this type is. It can be used for finishing: brick, concrete, wooden surfaces.

It can be made on a water basis and its main advantage is quick drying and no liquid odor.

The quartz primer is composed of sand.

It is well suited to improve adhesion and if wall decoration is done with paint or plaster. It is completely harmless to use and at the time of its use it is necessary that the surface of the material be moistened.

It can be used if the walls are treated with bricks or concrete.

At the end of its application, the wall will be dry after 2 hours. Its binding component is cement.

Its components are phosphorus and zinc chromate, which prevent the appearance of rusty particles on the surface of the material.

This primer can be used for finishing surfaces made of wood, glass, metal or ceramics, but in no case should it be used for walls made of plasterboard or concrete.

It is also important to take into account that such a primer dries for a long time and after carrying out some finishing work, 12-15 hours should pass.

Antifungal or antiseptic

Antifungal primer for walls is used to prevent the appearance of fungus, mold on the walls and is divided into the usual antifungal primer, which is designed to prevent their appearance, and a potent antifungal primer.

If you use a regular anti-fungal primer, then it will help prevent fungal growth on the walls. It also increases the level of adhesion of materials and holds them together well.

Versatile for deep penetration

Universal deep penetration primer.

It should be used in order to destroy dust accumulations on the surface of the walls and make them denser.

In order to check the effect of this primer, you must first glue something on the walls and then try to tear it off.

From the surface on which there is a primer, the material cannot be torn off, and from the surface where there is no primer, it will easily break off.

In addition, if tile, plaster or any other material is applied to non-primed walls, it will begin to fall off within one year, even if you used high-quality glue.

It is worth remembering that glue for, tiles in and tiles from differ from each other in their properties and characteristics.

With its help, you can stick to the surface of walls or ceilings what is impossible when using other types of primer with deep penetration, each of which is the best in its own way. During the application of the concrete contact primer, you can putty the walls, which, for example, can be painted with paint.

The concrete contact primer is an adhesive substance that contains a filler in the form of quartz sand. It contributes to the formation of a rough surface of the material on which it is applied, after which anything can be glued to it.

In general, this is a good enough primer for deep penetration and no matter which one is better, they all withstand heavy loads and are suitable for laying tiles or plastering walls.

How to do it yourself?

Before starting finishing work, you can buy a good deep penetration primer at the store or make it yourself. To do this, you will need the following materials: 200 g of soap, 3 kg of slaked lime, 100 g of oxol and 7 liters of water.

Stages of manual preparation of the primer:

1. Take a container and pour 3 liters of boiled water into it.
2. Rub the soap.
3. Place the soap in hot water and add drying oil there.
4. Take another container, pour 4 liters of boiled water into it, put lime in it and mix two solutions.
5. The mixture resulting from the above actions should be mixed well and filtered.
6. When the mixture has cooled down, you can start applying the primer.
7. After that you need start calculating the amount of primer used... Its application is based on the kind and type of primer mixture.

For more information about homemade deep penetration primer, see the video:

Rules for diluting ready-made soil mixture

• with an acrylic mixture, you need to finish the walls, which are covered with putty or plaster;
• dry waterproof primer to be diluted in water at a ratio of 1: 4;
• if an alkyd primer is used, it should be diluted with a solvent or replaced with xylene, a solvent in a 1: 1 ratio;
• a one-component primer should be diluted according to the requirements with the help of a solvent, drying oil or water according to the rules of the instruction;
• in the presence of a two-component primer, the hardener and thinner must first be added to the mixture;
• alkyd as the best primer for deep penetration into walls it must be diluted with a solvent at a ratio of 1: 1;
• it is recommended to first stir the dispersed water mixture and place it in a separate container, and then add water to it.

Application technology

After determining which one is still worth using a deep penetration primer, with which and which one is better, you need to know how you will need to apply it to the surface:

It is necessary to check the air temperature so that it is not less than 5 g and does not exceed 30 g. The air humidity should be about 75%.

Purchase a brush, primer tray, and roller in advance, along with a telescopic handle. Next, wash off the whitewash layer with water and remove the old wallpaper from the walls. In those parts of the wall in which the paper remains from them, the paper must be moistened and gradually removed using a spatula.

Pour some soil into a special tray. Take a brush, roller and primer. In this case, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the liquid does not glass and does not splash in different directions.

The wall must be gradually and carefully coated so that there are no dry parts and streaks on it.

Also, the primer mixture should not drain from it. With a brush, you need to coat hard-to-reach parts of the wall. The best primer used for deep penetration walls should be applied in layers.

After full coating of the wall, you need to wait 2-3 hours for the first layer to dry and only then apply the second.

After its completion, you can start painting, tiling, wallpapering.

• no need to immediately dilute the entire mixture... Only a part of the primer will be enough;
• before you start lubricating the walls, you need the walls to have a clean look;
• after getting the primer on parts of clothing or on the floor, immediately after that, wash off the dirt and wipe them with a damp cloth;
• there should be no drips from the primer on the walls;
• wall decoration should be done in special protective gloves;
• you need to apply the primer in comfortable clothing.

Choice

You can buy a deep penetration primer for 200 rubles with a capacity of 10 liters. Also, due to the fact that fakes are often made from building materials, you need to understand them well so that you can immediately determine which primer is worth buying and which one should be discarded.

To purchase a high-quality primer, you should adhere to these rules:

1. When determining which deep penetration primer is best and which one to choose, you need to pay attention to its manufacturer that you must have your own office or an official website on the Internet, where you can send your claim if necessary.
2. You should not buy packs with a primer if an unknown manufacturer is indicated on it.
3. It is advisable to buy a primer only in its original packaging.
4. When buying a primer for the first time, when a person does not know how it should look and is offered to be bought in a package that cannot be easily opened in any way, it is better not to purchase this product.
5. In order to know exactly the primer per 1 m2, you just need to read the detailed information about it on the package. Its exact amount depends on the condition of the surface to be primed. As a rule, to carry out the finishing 1 sq. m. you need 80-160 g of soil.

Conclusion

Based on all of the above, primer is one of the best materials for wall decoration which has many advantages.

Thanks to the characteristics of the varieties of deep penetration primer, you can find out which one to choose, which one is most suitable and how to make it yourself at home or purchase it.

In order to finish the walls with a primer, it is necessary to adhere to the successive stages of its implementation and apply layers of primer after a certain time when each of them is completely dry.

They help to strengthen loose substrates, reduce the absorbency of porous surfaces, and increase the adhesion of glue or mortar. The primer will prevent peeling of plaster and other finishing materials, protect against mold and mildew. For maximum effect, you need to choose the right soil.

Selection of primer according to operating conditions

What primer to choose for outdoor use

For outdoor work, it is necessary to choose frost-resistant compounds. They will not crack or cause peeling of the finishing material at low temperatures. In this case, it is better to choose a deep penetration primer. These are usually silicate or acrylic primers for mineral surfaces. This material penetrates deep into the substrate, sealing pores and preventing moisture from absorbing into the surface. As a result, even with sharp frosts, ice will not form in the thickness of the wall, which is the main cause of destruction.

What primers are best for interior work

For interior use, choose an odorless primer such as latex or acrylic. Please note that there are special options for wet rooms and wood. formulations with antiseptics.

Selection of primer by type of surface

Which deep penetration primer is best for concrete

Any intended for absorbent substrates. It will increase the adhesion of the surface to mortars, paints, adhesives. It can be a general purpose acrylic or alkyd primer. The special compositions "Betonokontakt" are also well suited, a pink liquid with quartz sand, which makes the surface rough.

Which deep penetration primer is best for wood

Oil formulations are well suited for the treatment of surfaces to be painted, including the preparation of previously painted substrates. You can apply acrylic primer in several layers, it will strengthen the base well and give it hydrophobicity. Many manufacturers indicate on such primers: "for wood".

Which deep penetration primer is best for the ceiling

You can choose any composition for mineral bases, including "Betonokontakt". The ceilings in most rooms are reinforced concrete floor slabs, which practically do not show adhesion to finishing materials. The primer helps keep the plaster from flaking.

How to choose a drywall primer

Here, deep penetration compounds are not needed, because the base has minimal absorbency. You can choose a universal acrylic primer, it is perfect for drywall. It is good if antiseptics are included in the material.

Choice of primer by type of finish

What is the best primer for walls for putty

Pre-impregnation of the base will help to distribute the solution more evenly and thinner over the surface. It will not allow drying out and cracking. If the base is a concrete or brick wall, you can choose "Concrete Contact" or another composition on a mineral basis.

What primer to use before laying tiles

The composition should be designed for wet rooms, because tiles are usually laid in bathrooms and kitchens. When choosing a specific soil, be guided by the type of foundation. It is important that the impregnation is suitable for the surface, because almost all primers show good adhesion to tile adhesives. The impregnation must contain fungicides so that fungi do not grow under the finish.

What is the best primer for walls for wallpaper

You need to focus on the material from which the canvas is made. For thin paper or textile wallpapers, an acrylic or latex primer is suitable. These impregnations are odorless and do not show yellow spots on the surface. For vinyl wallpaper, choose vinyl acetate primers. If the wall is sheathed with plasterboard, then a single application of the primer is sufficient. For mineral surfaces, a deep penetration compound is suitable.

What primer to choose: conclusions

In general, in order to choose a primer for wallpaper and any other type of finish, one must first of all pay attention to the operating conditions and the type of base. For finishing the facade - only frost-resistant soil, otherwise the plaster or paint will be covered with cracks very quickly.

For interior work, water-based formulations are ideal. They do not cause allergies and do not contain harmful substances. Mineral, old concrete and wood surfaces require a deep penetrating primer with a strengthening effect. For drywall and new concrete, a composition for low-absorbency substrates is required. Always pay attention to the manufacturer's recommendations, which are indicated on the label for each material.

Deep Penetration Primer is a special compound used to improve the properties of loose and porous substrates. Below we will consider the general characteristics of deeply penetrating soils, talk about how to use them, and also provide an overview of the most popular brands on the market.

general information

Primer compounds perform the following functions:

1. Reduces the absorption of finishing materials by filling the pores of the surface. As a result, paint, varnish or glue is not wasted, but remains on the surface of the material.
2. Increase adhesion (the ability of materials to adhere). Although it is worth making a reservation here: if we are talking about cement plaster, then the adhesive properties will become worse, since the cement milk will not be absorbed into the pores - after all, they will already be filled with a primer.
3. Strengthens the base by penetrating deep into the structure of loose and porous surfaces. The soil, as it were, connects the disparate elements of the base. The likelihood of shedding plastered surfaces, peeling off whitewash, chipping of the solution at the seams, etc. is reduced.

Operating principle

The above properties of soils are explained by their chemical composition. An aqueous dispersion based on acrylic resins penetrates deeply into the pores of the material. Another component of mixtures - polymers - promotes an increase in the so-called capillary effect, which affects the depth of penetration. When the moisture evaporates, small resin particles stick together, resulting in long threads that serve as a kind of framework that holds the material together.

Composition

The composition of deep-penetrating primers includes the following components:

1. Water. Only water-based primers are offered on the Russian market.
2. Acrylic resins. They act as a connecting element.
3. Polymers. They provide good moisture to the treated surface and allow the soil to penetrate to the maximum depth.

As an option, the following components can be added to the soil:

1. Fungicides that act as an antiseptic. The antiseptic properties of the soil prevent the formation of mold and mildew. Such mixtures are especially useful if the surface will be used in high humidity conditions.
2. Latex to increase the adhesion of small surfaces. Latex also improves the adhesion of low-porosity materials.
3. Silicone makes the base waterproof.

Specifications

The properties of deep penetration primers differ depending on the specific composition. However, some technical properties are similar for all soils.

Note! Some manufacturing companies offer concentrated anhydrous mixtures to the market. Such compositions are diluted with water immediately before use in proportions from 1 to 1 to 1 to 5.

The density index of primers is equal to the density of water (kilogram per cubic decimeter). In some cases, the density of the mixtures may slightly exceed the density of water.

The approximate consumption of deep penetrating primer can range between 100 and 200 grams per square meter. Moreover, the same soil can be consumed in different quantities depending on the absorbent capabilities of the base.

The drying time of the primer depends on its composition, namely on the percentage of the water base. Well-impregnated materials dry from 1 to 3 hours. Optimum indicators for quick drying of the surface: air temperature - about 20 degrees above zero, atmospheric humidity - 70%.

Applications

As mentioned above, deeply penetrating soils are used primarily to strengthen loose and porous substrates. Among these, it is customary to include the following materials:

1. Cement plaster before painting. Priming helps to avoid shedding of the surface and also reduces the absorbency of the material.
2. Brick for painting. The primer protects the seams from chipping.
3. Lime whitewash wallpaper sticker. Due to the interaction with acrylic resins, the whitewash will not flake off due to changes in moisture and mechanical stress.

In some cases, the use of deep-penetrating primers is left to the discretion of the master:

1. If the plaster is applied to the shell material, the spray (rough plaster layer) adheres well to the surface, despite its high porosity.
2. Monolithic concrete, concrete screeds, aerated concrete, oriented strand and chipboard can be treated with primers based on quartz sand. Although such compositions do not penetrate too deeply, in spite of this, the surface acquires a pronounced roughness, which ensures excellent adhesion.

Priming instructions

Below is the sequence of steps for applying a primer:

1. We clean the surface from pieces of peeling paint or plaster. We use a hard spatula. If we are talking about plaster, to find voids, we tap it with a small hammer or pickaxe.
2. We clean the base from dust and dirt with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
3. We apply the primer with a brush or from a spray can. If the floor or walls are very smooth, it is preferable to use a roller with a long nap. We carry out surface treatment exclusively at positive air temperatures (at least 10-15 degrees above zero).

Helpful advice! If there is no factory sample sprayer, the device can be borrowed from a bottle with glass cleaner.

Further actions depend on the goals and the type of surface:

• in the case of plaster, we put beacons;
• before applying the putty, remove the protrusions from the surface and level the pits;
• if painting is to be done, we putty small defects, etc.

Separately, it should be said about the use of deep-penetrating primers with gypsum fillers.

Typically, such compositions are applied 2 times:

1. First, they process the surface before filling.
2. The second time the primer is applied after sanding, just before painting.

If a deeply penetrating compound accidentally falls on a surface not intended for priming, it can be removed using the following means:

• soda diluted in a large amount of water;
• acid product for household chemicals "Cillit";
• detergent "Mister Muscle";
• vinegar essence concentrate.

Review of popular primers

To determine which deep penetration primer is best, consider several of the most popular formulations.

Please note: any primer must have Russian certificates of conformity.

The primer is excellent for preparing the substrate before laying tiles or facing stones.

Technical characteristics of the composition:

• absorption depth up to 10 centimeters;
• absence of any odors;
• vapor permeability;
• the presence of antiseptic and fire retardant properties.

"Proacryl-primer"

Latex and acrylates are used as binding elements in the primer. Also in the soil there is an antiseptic agent and a foam extinguisher. Thanks to the defoamer, the substance does not foam when stirred.

The primer is applicable not only to mineral bases, but also to wood. "Proacryl-primer" can be used both for interior work and for strengthening the facade, since it contains latex, which increases the resistance of the material to moisture.

"Optimist"

The primer composition "Optimist" is made on the basis of acrylic polymer and is suitable for processing both interior and facade surfaces. Due to acrylic, the substance penetrates deep into the structure of the material, while ensuring excellent adhesion. Also, "Optimist" contains an antiseptic that prevents mold and mildew.

A special deep penetration primer for concrete "Optimist" is produced. It is suitable for the treatment of concrete and brick surfaces. If desired, the composition can be used to treat plaster, drywall sheets and wood. After applying the primer, a thin but strong transparent and colorless film appears on the dried surface.

Technical data of the primer composition "Optimist":

• penetration into the surface - up to 5 centimeters;
• material consumption rate - from 100 to 250 milliliters per 1m2 (the specific figure depends on the type of surface);
• final drying time - 2 hours;
• the color of the liquid solution is white;
• the composition can be stored for no more than a year at temperatures from 5 to 30 degrees above zero;
• when applying a primer, the ambient temperature can be from 5 to 30 degrees above zero.

"Ceresit"

This brand can be called the most common choice among craftsmen. The products are of high quality and complex but effective composition.

Ceresit is used for all surfaces with an absorbent base. The composition improves the adhesive qualities of materials, binds dust deposits, strengthens the base. Also "Ceresit" does not allow thin leveling solutions to dry out, improves the spreading of floor paints and varnishes and prevents them from bubbling.

To work with highly porous substrates, the emulsion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 1. Ceresit is applied in several layers.

The answer to the question of how long this composition dries is ambiguous. Due to the saturation of the composition, this primer dries for a rather long time - from 4 to 7 hours. When it comes to gypsum and wood surfaces, the drying time for each layer can be up to a day.

Ceresit characteristics:

• the base of the primer is acrylic copolymers;
• composition color - light yellow;
• the consumption rate of the material, depending on the type of coating, is from 100 to 200 milliliters per square meter;
• the optimum temperature when applying the composition is from 5 to 35 degrees above zero;
• it is necessary to store the soil in a sealed package for 1 year.

To prevent mold and mildew, antifungal deep penetration primer "Ceresit CT 99" is produced. The product is available in 1 liter packs. The primer is applied as a separate layer together with the deep penetration primer.

It should be remembered that deeply penetrating soil is not omnipotent: it can strengthen a loose base, but it will not fix a clearly peeling area. When purchasing a primer, it is recommended to pay attention to its compatibility with a particular substrate.