Fire Safety Encyclopedia

Self-development plan. Where to start self-development - a detailed plan. Why it is necessary to defeat bad habits

The number of people who smoke on the planet has long been estimated at six figures. Despite the fact that most of them are aware of the perniciousness of this habit, not everyone is decisive enough to say goodbye to a cigarette once and for all. The answers to this question can be very diverse. Nevertheless, an attempt can be made to identify the main reasons why people become addicted to tobacco smoking.

Fashion and the desire to look older

To a greater extent, this applies to children and adolescents. The explanation of why a person smokes at such a young age is not very difficult: among peers, smoking is considered fashionable and cool. In addition, with the help of a pack of cigarettes, teenagers want to emphasize their independence and want to look older with friends.

The high pace of events in life and the inability to cope with the load - this is another answer to the question: "Why do people smoke?" The reasons for each are individual, but instead of changing their life, a person prefers to trust the myth that a cigarette calms and relaxes, and buys his first pack at a tobacco kiosk. In fact, psychologists have conducted a lot of research on this topic, as a result of which it has been proven that eliminating anxiety is just the effect of self-hypnosis. However, many believe this myth is one of the most common reasons why people start smoking at a more mature age. Moreover, there is even a list of professions that contribute to the formation of this addiction. Among the first in the risk group are lawyers, judges and lawyers, as well as the positions of law enforcement officials.

The need to belong to a reference group

The desire to spend time in company and communicate with like-minded people is another reason why a person smokes. Each of us has a herd feeling in our genes. Usually, we try to be like everyone else, without standing out too much from our environment. If in the company of a non-smoker all friends often smoke cigarettes, then sooner or later he will also want to try what it is. At first, such people do not take tobacco smoke seriously and consider it pampering, but very little time passes, and they are already afraid to admit to themselves how much they are addicted to it.

Direct and indirect propaganda in the mass media

There is no way to ignore the smoking advertisements that are so often broadcast on radio and television. If during a short video the inscription about still somehow resists the desire to try to drag out once or twice, then our legislators are not able to prevent the indirect propaganda of tobacco smoking, which now and then slips in films and songs. Very often in films, the main character or heroine demonstrates how cool and beautiful a smoking cigarette looks in her hand. Is it worth it after this to be surprised and wonder why a person smokes? The answer is obvious.

Social TV advertising and educational materials could change the current state of affairs, but so far the efforts of civil society organizations are clearly not enough, and the governments of developing countries, unfortunately, prefer to make money on excise taxes, fines and taxes instead of seriously concerned about the health of their citizens.

The army of smokers has exceeded 1.3 billion and continues to grow. And this is despite the fact that almost 5 million people die from smoking every year. No war or epidemic inflicts such damage on humanity as a cigarette. But people persist in paying millions of dollars to kill them.

No one enjoys the first cigarette. After smoking, discomfort appears: dizziness, nausea, cough. But if for some reason a person decided to continue smoking, then the body gets used to nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke. In the first months, smoking can cause mild euphoria, mobilize internal resources, or, conversely, calm down. But over time, these sensations disappear. Nicotine, although it is by nature a poison (toxin), is included in the metabolism. Simply put, the body gets used to the fact that this substance is constantly present in the blood. When its concentration decreases, the nervous system signals that it is time to replenish stocks. Then there is a desire to smoke another cigarette. Most often, it takes 1 year from the first cigarette to the formation of nicotine addiction or tobacco addiction.

How does smoking affect the human body?

Tobacco smoke consists of 4000 components. The most famous of these are nicotine and tar. But other components are no less dangerous: poisons, radioactive substances, heavy metals. Don't rely on a cigarette filter to protect you. Even the most modern of them capture only 20% of the substances contained in the smoke.

How do harmful substances enter the body?

When you inhale, the temperature at the tip of the cigarette reaches 800 degrees. Under these conditions, dry distillation of tobacco occurs. This means that the inhaled air, passing through a layer of heated tobacco, carries with it volatile substances and the smallest solid particles. They penetrate the mouth, bronchial trachea and enter the alveoli of the lungs with a stream of air. Due to the fact that tobacco smoke is an aerosol of small particles, they quickly reach the most distant parts of the respiratory system. Through the wall of the alveoli, permeated with blood vessels, harmful substances easily penetrate into the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body. So, 8 seconds after the first puff, the brain already feels the effect of nicotine on itself.

Components of tobacco smoke Their effect on the body Impact consequences
Nicotine - one of the strongest drugs, a toxic alkaloid causing addiction on a par with heroin. This poison is the plant's natural defense against being eaten by animals. Acts on acetylcholine receptors, as a result of which the release of adrenaline increases. This substance causes: acceleration of the heartbeat, vasoconstriction, rapid breathing, increased pressure, activation of metabolic processes.
It has a stimulating effect on the nervous system: concentration of attention and performance increase, short-term memory improves, anxiety disappears, pleasure centers in the brain are stimulated.
But after 20 minutes, the concentration of nicotine in the blood begins to decline. This is accompanied by inhibition of the brain, suppression of thought processes.
The smoker's acetylcholine receptors become addicted to nicotine stimulation. Its absence in the blood causes unpleasant sensations.
The first reaction is stimulation of the brain, increased concentration of attention and reaction speed, moderate euphoria. Then excitement is replaced by inhibition: inhibition of thinking, weakness of skeletal muscles, trembling in the hands. In smokers, brain cells die faster than in other people. There is a theory that nicotine can cause schizophrenia.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: heart attack, stroke, aortic aneurysm, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease.
Digestive system: impaired blood circulation leads to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, the formation of stones in the gallbladder.
Cancer tumors. Nicotine changes the structure of cell DNA and causes cancer.
Nicotine leads to the development of mental and physical dependence.
Tobacco tar consists of aromas and resins. They contain substances that cause mutations in cells, leading to the formation of malignant tumors.
Resins condense and are deposited on teeth, oral mucosa, vocal cords, bronchial walls and in the alveoli of the lungs. They disrupt the work of the ciliated epithelium, which is responsible for cleansing the bronchi, damage the alveolar sacs.
Particles of soot make the lungs susceptible to infectious diseases.
Resins inhibit the immune system. It does not effectively kill bacteria and malignant cells.
Cracks and yellowing of the tooth enamel.
Hoarseness, cough.
Bronchitis and emphysema. The likelihood of pneumonia and tuberculosis increases.
Malignant tumors of the larynx, esophagus, lungs.
Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide)- a combustion product of tobacco. It makes up 8% of tobacco smoke and is 200 times more active than oxygen is absorbed by hemoglobin. In smokers, carbon monoxide combines with the blood to replace oxygen and cause oxygen starvation. The brain suffers the most from the lack of oxygen.
Carbon monoxide has a toxic effect on nerve cells and disrupts the passage of a nerve signal through them.
To provide organs with oxygen, the heart works with an increased load. It gradually increases in volume and wears out.
Memory impairment, decreased intelligence, exacerbation of mental illness, headaches, decreased sensitivity.
Angina pectoris, arrhythmia. Myocardial infarction, cardiac asthma. Damage to the walls of the coronary arteries that supply the heart leads to heart attacks.
Pneumonia.
Carcinogens: benzene, cadmium, aminobiphenyl, beryllium, arsenic, nickel, chromium. They penetrate the cell and damage the genetic material contained in the nucleus. As a result, there is an increased risk of the formation of malignant cells that give rise to cancerous tumors.
Penetrating through the placenta, they cause mutations in the fetus.
Cancer of the lip, tongue, larynx, esophagus, stomach, lungs.
Physical and mental abnormalities in the child.
Hydrocyanic acid(hydrogen cyanide) is a poisonous substance that interferes with the absorption of oxygen in tissues. Decreases the supply of oxygen to tissues, disrupting its transfer from hemoglobin to the cell.
Has a toxic effect on the nervous system.
Together with ammonia, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde, it disrupts the work of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi, which is responsible for self-cleaning of the respiratory tract. This leads to the accumulation of tobacco tar in the lungs.
Mental abilities are impaired.
Increases the risk of heart attack.
Emphysema of the lungs.
Arsenic- deadly poison. Has a toxic effect on the kidneys, digestive and nervous systems. Damages the genetic material of cells, causing mutations and the development of malignant tumors. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation.
Loss of strength and muscle weakness.
Cardiovascular insufficiency.
Depression of the central nervous system, impairment of thinking and memory.
Cancer tumors.
Radioactive components: lead-210, polonium-210, potassium-40, radium-226, thorium-228 and cesium-134. Absorbed into the bloodstream and carried throughout the body, becoming an internal source of radioactive radiation. Radioactive isotopes contribute to cell mutation and the appearance of cancerous tumors.
In the first trimester of pregnancy, fetal abnormalities are caused.
They provoke asthma.
Toxic effects on the kidneys. May contribute to the development of toxic nephropathy.
Makes bones fragile, leading to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures.
Abortion.
Cancer tumors.
Free radicals very active oxygen molecules, devoid of one electron. Once in the body, they take an electron from the molecules that make up the cells of the body, thereby damaging them and causing oxidative stress. Premature aging of the skin, other organs and tissues.
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease.
Heart disease, atherosclerosis, phlebitis, thrombosis.
Chronic lung disease.
Cancer tumors.
Nitrosamines highly toxic nitrogen compounds that are formed from tobacco alkaloids. They change the structure of the DNA molecule and lead to the growth of cancer cells. Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland, esophagus and lungs.

The main danger is that most of the substances in tobacco are not excreted from the body, but accumulate in it. Thus, the more cigarettes you smoke and the more solid your smoking experience, the more harmful ingredients affect you. For example, if you smoke for more than 10 years, then the likelihood of lung cancer and adenoma increases 5 times. Therefore, the sooner you give up this addiction, the higher your chance to stay healthy.

What is the harm of smoking?

Deterioration of skin condition... Tobacco smoke contains a large amount of free radicals. They damage the molecules that make up skin cells, leading to premature aging. Vascular spasm, which is observed 30-90 minutes after smoking one cigarette, disrupts skin nutrition and slows down the formation of collagen by 40%. Due to the lack of elastic fibers, the skin acquires a flabby, wrinkled appearance and a grayish tint.

The development of caries. The flow of hot air with resin particles damages the enamel of the teeth. It turns yellow and becomes covered with microcracks. Gradually, the cracks grow, bacteria and acids penetrate into them, destroying the deeper layers of the tooth and causing caries. This leads to the fact that 45% of smokers over 65 years of age do not have their teeth. Among non-smokers, this figure is 2 times lower.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. Tobacco smoke, saturated with caustic particles, irritates the mucous membrane of the mouth, larynx, trachea and bronchi, causing it to atrophy. It becomes thin and performs its protective functions worse. The villous epithelium, which must excrete foreign particles and microorganisms, does not cope with its task. The lungs become clogged, creating favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria. Therefore, smokers often suffer from bronchitis and pneumonia. Thus, 90% of people who have been smoking for more than 7 years suffer from "smoker's bronchitis".

Chronic pulmonary emphysema. In the small bronchi and alveoli of the lungs, tobacco tar is deposited. This substance leads to the destruction of cells. Small bronchioles collapse and when you exhale, the pressure in the lungs increases sharply. The walls of the alveoli thin and collapse, leading to the formation of cavities. The lung tissue ceases to be elastic and stretches, which leads to an increase in the volume of the chest. Gas exchange in the lungs is disrupted. They do not sufficiently enrich the blood with oxygen, the body experiences oxygen starvation. According to statistics, 9 out of 10 people with emphysema are smokers. The disease develops over 10-15 years if you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.

Peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer... Smoking decreases the production of saliva, which partially neutralizes the effect of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Tobacco smoke causes digestive juices to be secreted in the stomach and small intestines, even if there is no food there. Active substances corrode the mucous membrane of the digestive system, leading to the appearance of erosions. These minor injuries do not heal, but turn into ulcers due to the deterioration of blood supply and a decrease in immunity. Therefore, stomach ulcers in smokers occur 2 times more often than in their peers.

Poisoning of the nervous system. Nicotine is a poison that has a toxic effect on the nervous system. This toxin affects the nervous system: the brain and cells of the intermediate nerve nodes that control the work of internal organs. Nicotine disrupts the passage of nerve impulses from the brain to organs and muscles. This leads to a decrease in all types of sensitivity. Smokers do not feel the taste and aroma so clearly, their sense of touch is impaired, and chills are often observed. Violation of nervous regulation leads to indigestion: constipation and painful intestinal spasms.

Stroke. In smokers, the risk of ischemic stroke (associated with poor circulation) is doubled. This is the result of a sharp narrowing of the cerebral vessels or blockage of one of them by a blood clot. Weakness of blood vessels and a short-term increase in pressure during smoking cause a rupture of the vessel, accompanied by hemorrhage in the brain - hemorrhagic stroke. It happens 4 times more often among smokers than among their peers.

Cancer tumors... The carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke penetrate into the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body. They damage the DNA of cells. Such cells with altered genetic material become the basis of a cancerous tumor. The suppression of immunity leads to the fact that the body does not produce enough killer cells. Their task is to recognize and destroy mutated cells. In smokers, this defense mechanism against cancer is impaired, and they often become victims of cancer. So 90% of lung cancers are caused by smoking. Cancer often affects other organs as well: lips, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidneys, prostate, rectum, pancreas, and thyroid glands.

Osteoporosis... Tobacco toxins stimulate the production of two proteins that are responsible for leaching calcium from the bones. These substances activate osteoclast cells, which are responsible for the destruction of old bone tissue. Therefore, in smokers, bones are destroyed faster than they are restored.

Vascular disorders. Under the influence of tobacco combustion products, the walls of blood vessels become dense, insufficiently elastic, brittle and covered with cracks. In the blood, the content of cholesterol increases, which is deposited on the walls in the form of atherosclerotic plaques. They narrow the lumen of the vessel. The likelihood of blood clot formation and inflammation of the vein wall around it increases. A ruptured blood clot can cause sudden death. The narrowing of the coronary vessels that provide the heart to the robot provokes the development of coronary heart disease and heart attack.

Obliterating endarteritis. In smokers, blood flow in the extremities is reduced by 35-40%. The reason lies in chronic vasospasm and the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels. In addition, a violation of the conduction of nerve impulses leads to a decrease in sensitivity. The disease begins with rapid fatigue, intermittent claudication. Later, tissues deprived of blood supply and innervation die off, and gangrene begins.

Slow wound healing. Deterioration of blood circulation and a decrease in metabolism lead to the fact that skin cells are not dividing actively enough. As a result, wound healing is slower. It has been noticed that smokers have a 50% greater width of the scar formed at the site of surgical sutures.

Blurred vision and tearing caused by the irritating effects of tobacco smoke and optic nerve atrophy. With increased sensitivity, smokers may experience swelling of the eyelids. The vasoconstriction of the eyeball disrupts the functions of the retina, leads to the death of its cells, which negatively affects visual acuity.

Problems in the genital area... Premature ejaculation, decreased potency, deterioration of sperm quality - these problems are associated with impaired blood supply to the genitals. Due to vasoconstriction and damage to the arteries, blood flow to the penis deteriorates, which reduces the quality of an erection. Sperm of smokers are not mobile enough and less capable of fertilization, as they have been exposed to nicotine and other substances. If the fusion of the egg and the sperm damaged by nicotine still occurs, then the fetus is less attached to the wall of the uterus.

What are the social and psychological causes of smoking?

Thanks to films, the image of a brutal man or femme fatale is inextricably linked with smoking. In adolescence and adolescence, young people strive to make the same impression. They try to raise their social status using this "attribute of maturity." In addition, young people are not convinced by the data on long-term health effects. Therefore, the army of smokers is mainly replenished by people under the age of 21.

Sociologists have conducted research to identify the social and psychological causes of smoking. Young people were asked "Why did you start smoking?" Opinions were divided in something like this.

Curiosity 40%. In the head of the majority of non-smokers, the thought periodically arises: "What kind of pleasure does a smoker get, what sensations does he have?"
Desire to join the company - 20%. A person is guided by the fear of becoming an outcast in a smoking company. This also applies to groups of adolescents and adults who have joined the new team. One gets the impression that the most important issues are solved in the smoking room. And who does not smoke, he remains out of the board of public life.
Peer pressure - 8%. Peers who smoke often campaign to "try", ridicule those who do not smoke.
Stress relief - 6%. The life of adolescents is full of stress, internal conflicts and quarrels with others. Their nervous system is not yet stable and young people resort to smoking to relax.

Psychologists who study nicotine addiction identify a number of socio-psychological reasons.

  1. Self-affirmation in the eyes of peers, the desire to become cooler.
  2. Striving to be an adult. Prove your "adulthood" to yourself and others.
  3. Extra pleasure. They start smoking in a comfortable situation: on vacation with friends, drinking alcoholic beverages.
  4. There is nothing to keep yourself busy. Smoking helps to pass the time, replaces computer games.
  5. Impress and meet expectations. Young people have to smoke to create the tough guy look.
  6. According to Freud, smoking is a consequence of "oral fixation". Until a year, all pleasant moments are associated with sucking. If for some reason the child is deprived of it, then psychological trauma remains for life and oral fixation occurs. An adult who has experienced this situation continues to suck on a pen, bite his nails or smoke.
  7. The pleasure of the process, playing with a cigarette, the opportunity to purchase beautiful accessories: ashtrays, lighters, blowing smoke rings.
  8. Increased concentration and performance. The first 15-20 minutes after smoking a cigarette, the brain works more productively. Some people use this effect to improve performance.
  9. Conditioned reflex. For some, a break from work, alcohol consumption, coffee can be associated with smoking. A person reaches for a cigarette only in these situations.
  10. Fear of gaining weight. Smoking activates the metabolism. Therefore, people who are trying to lose weight at any cost resort, including to smoking.
  11. Lack of awareness of the dangers of smoking. So most young women do not know how dangerous smoking is for future offspring.
  12. Heredity. There is a theory that if a mother smoked during pregnancy, then her baby, as an adult, will be inclined to smoke, as she constantly lacks nicotine.

No smoking law

On February 23, 2013, Federal Law No. 15-FZ "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption" was adopted. It is called to:
  • protect non-smokers from the effects of secondhand smoke;
  • protect young people from the temptation to join the ranks of smokers;
  • help get rid of the addiction, those who already smoke.
This law is successfully fulfilling its mission. Cigarette consumption has already dropped by 8%. Experts say that the document will save 200 thousand lives a year. And this, you see, is a significant figure.

What methods are used to combat smoking, according to the law?

  • No smoking in public places which entered into force on June 1, 2014. Smoking is prohibited in workplaces, in rooms where they teach, treat and provide various services. The ban applies to trains, aprons, train stations, airports, restaurants, clubs, beaches, playgrounds, stairwells of apartment buildings, places of trade. It is allowed to smoke a cigarette only in specially designated areas or in rooms equipped with ventilation. Although such restrictions caused a storm of indignation among the smoking part of the population, they still helped to significantly reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.
  • Rising cigarette prices. Minimum prices for cigarettes have been set and excise taxes on tobacco products have increased. The government believes that a standard pack of cigarettes should cost at least 55 rubles in order for the demand for them to decrease significantly.
  • Marking on a pack of cigarettes. Each pack must contain truthful information about the content of nicotine and other harmful substances, as well as one of the warning labels about the dangers of smoking. They are located on the front side and occupy 50% of the area. The inscription on the back of the pack should occupy at least 30%.
  • Information fight against smoking. Education should be carried out in the family, at school and at work, as well as in the media. The goal is to teach people to take good care of their health and provide comprehensive information about the dangers of smoking.
  • Ban on tobacco advertising. Advertising videos and promotions that are aimed at popularizing smoking or any brand of tobacco products are prohibited. Smoking is prohibited in films and programs for children. But in programs for an adult audience, smoking scenes should be accompanied by titles with anti-advertising.
  • Medical assistance aimed at combating nicotine addiction. Doctors are required to diagnose the psychological and physical dependence on nicotine in the smoker. It is the duty of the health worker to explain to the person the risks he is exposed to and to help get rid of the bad habit.
  • Restricting trade in tobacco products and prohibiting illicit trade. You can now sell tobacco products only in shops or trade pavilions. It is forbidden to put packs of cigarettes on the showcase. Instead, there should be an alphabetical list with prices, but without product logos and other advertising elements. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes a hundred meters from educational institutions. Trade is prohibited at train stations, service enterprises, in premises occupied by government bodies and organizations working with youth.
  • Protecting children from tobacco use. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes to minors. Therefore, the seller has the right to demand a passport to make sure that he is not committing a crime.
For violation of this law, various types of liability are provided. For example, smoking in the wrong place will have to pay a fine of up to 50 thousand rubles. But if your health has been harmed due to non-compliance with the law, then there is an opportunity to demand compensation from the perpetrator.

How to quit smoking?

E-cigarettes

Electronic Cigarette- a high-tech device that simulates the smoking process. Its main parts:
  • indicator light - simulates the fire of a cigarette;
  • a battery for the operation of a cigarette;
  • steam generator - a spraying device that creates steam;
  • replaceable cartridge, which contains a liquid that determines the taste of the vapor. One cartridge replaces a pack of regular cigarettes.

When you take a puff, a stream of air passes through the steam generator and creates a fragrant vapor consisting of the smallest particles of smoking liquid. Its advantage over a conventional cigarette is in the absence of tobacco combustion products: tar, carcinogens. In addition, those around you do not suffer from tobacco smoke.

E-cigarettes are considered by some to help people quit smoking. It can help reduce the physical dependence on nicotine. In the initial stages, e-liquid with a high nicotine content is used. After a while, it is replaced with another liquid with a lower nicotine content. Thus, they are gradually switching to nicotine-free filler.

Negative sides of electronic cigarettes

Experts say that these devices are no less harmful than traditional tobacco products. It is possible that they are much more dangerous than anticipated.

Facts about the dangers of e-cigarettes:

To create fluids, synthetic ingredients and fragrances are used that penetrate deep into the lungs. Regular inhalation of such substances can lead to bronchial asthma and other undesirable consequences.

It has been proven that steam contains glycerin and its ethers, propylene glycol, combustion products of flavors and substances emitted by the materials from which the cigarette is made. These components are harmful to health, they have a toxic effect on the body and cause kidney pathology.

Smoking is a bad example for children. They don't care what their parents smoke. Therefore, there is a high risk that children will become addicted to this bad habit.

WHO experts propose to ban the use of electronic cigarettes until serious clinical trials are carried out and the law regulating their production is not worked out.

In Russia, since June 1, 2013, the sale of electronic cigarettes has been banned in accordance with the law on the prohibition of smoking. These devices fit the description “products that imitate tobacco products” and are therefore banned.

Medications to help you quit smoking

Drug name Mechanism of action Reception scheme
Nicotine-like drugs for the treatment of persistent physiological nicotine addiction
Tabex
(Cytisine)
The drug contains a substance of plant origin - cytisine. It activates the respiratory center, increases adrenaline levels and energizes the nervous system. Tabex has a nicotine-like effect. This allows you to alleviate unpleasant symptoms after quitting smoking, improve concentration and improve performance without cigarettes.
Cytisine binds to the same receptors as nicotine. Therefore, if you smoke while taking the drug, then nicotine remains in the blood in an unbound state and causes unpleasant sensations: nausea, dizziness. This makes you want to quit smoking completely.
The first three days take 1 tablet 6 times a day, every 2 hours during the day. Take a break for the night. The less smoking during this period, the better the state of health.
4-12 days of treatment - 5 tablets per day. One every 2.5 hours.
13-16 days - 4 tablets, with a break of 3 hours.
17-20 - 3 tablets a day. One at a time every 5 hours.
21-25 days, 1-2 tablets per day.
If it was not possible to reduce the craving for smoking, then the treatment is suspended and repeated after 2-3 months.
Lobelin Lobelin is a vegetable alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Indian tobacco. It has the same stimulating properties as nicotine, but without harmful properties. Lobelin binds to receptors sensitive to nicotine and reduces withdrawal symptoms that occur after quitting cigarettes. It relieves irritability, headache increases efficiency. Take 10-15 drops or 1 tablet 4-5 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days, in some cases it can be extended up to 3 weeks. With long-term treatment, the drug is used 2-3 times a day.
Gamibazin
(Anabazin)
A plant substance similar in properties to nicotine. Stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor centers in the brain. The active ingredient, anabasine, is contained in the leafless barnyard. It binds to nicotine-sensitive receptors. Therefore, in order not to cause poisoning, it is necessary to stop smoking during treatment. Pills. 1-5 days - 8 tablets per day. Dissolve under the tongue.
6-12 days - 6 tablets per day. In the future, every 3 days the dose is reduced by one tablet. The total duration of treatment is 25 days.
Chewing gum. This form can be used if you decide to quit smoking right away or to reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke. The first 5 days of treatment, 1 gum 4 times a day. It must be chewed and laid on the cheek. When the bitterness and tingling sensation has passed, chew the gum a little and place it back on the cheek. Thus, nicotine will be released in small portions. Every 3-4 days the dose is reduced by 1 gum. The course of treatment is 12 days.
Film. The film is glued to the gum or the inner surface of the cheek. The first 3-5 days use 4-8 films per day. From the 5th to the 8th day, 3 times a day. Then the dose is reduced every 4 days. The course of treatment is 15 days.
Nicotine patch Nicorette
Analogs: nicotine patches Nikoderm, Nicotrol, Habitrol, Nikvitin.
The patch consists of a translucent synthetic material and contains nicotine. Its use allows you to get rid of the withdrawal syndrome. Eliminates sleep disturbance, increased appetite, irritability, decreased attention.
In order to get rid of addiction, it is necessary to gradually reduce the dose of nicotine. For this, there are 3 types of patches with high, medium and low nicotine content.
For people with high nicotine addiction (up to 2 packs of cigarettes per day), the following scheme is recommended:
  1. Nicorette 25 mg - 8 weeks
  2. Nicorette 15 mg - 2 weeks.
  3. Nicorette 10 mg - 2 weeks.
Those who have smoked 1 pack a day are advised to start treatment immediately from step 2. For patches from other manufacturers, the treatment regimen is similar.
The patch is applied to clean, dry skin in the morning and removed in the evening. In order for nicotine to be easily absorbed, there should be no thick hair on the skin.
Nicotine-free drugs are used in people with less than 5 years of smoking experience
Champix The active substance blocks the receptors, making them insensitive to nicotine. As a result, a person ceases to enjoy smoking. There are unpleasant sensations associated with intoxication of the body. 1-3 day 1 tablet at a dosage of 0.5 mg.
4-7 days, 2 tablets of 0.5 mg.
From day 8, you must quit smoking. From this point on, take 2 tablets (1 mg each) for 11 weeks.
Wellbutrin
(Bupropion)
(Zyban)
An antidepressant used to combat nicotine addiction.
It has a stimulating effect on the psyche, accelerates the release of energy in cells, increases libido, and promotes weight loss. In addition, it relieves anxiety and depression that can accompany smoking cessation.
From the 1st to the 7th day, 1 tablet after meals. After that, take 2 tablets per day.
Duration of treatment is 7-9 weeks.

Remember that all of these drugs are drugs, have contraindications and can cause side effects. Therefore, be sure to consult with your doctor which remedy and in what dosage is right for you.

Psychological help to quit smoking

90% of smokers try to get rid of nicotine addiction on their own. To do this, it is enough to make a firm decision and create a steady motivation for yourself.

Consider which of the effects of smoking scares you the most. There are a lot of them:

  • Gangrene and amputation of the legs;
  • Cancerous tumors;
  • Decomposition of the lungs;
  • Sudden death due to stroke or heart attack;
  • Asthma and bronchitis in children who become victims of secondhand smoke.
Write on one half of the paper a list of the unpleasant consequences that await the smoker. On the other half, there is a list of "bonuses" that you will receive by quitting smoking: beautiful skin, white teeth, fresh breath, healthy lungs ... Place this sheet so that it is always visible and keeps you motivated.
Get yourself a piggy bank. Set aside in it daily the amount you spent on smoking. Give yourself some nice gifts for the money saved periodically.

Don't look for signs of withdrawal. Studies have shown that the likelihood of developing a withdrawal syndrome is not so great. If you nevertheless notice that your memory has deteriorated and it becomes more difficult to concentrate, then take a tincture of ginseng or eleutherococcus. These natural stimulants, no worse than nicotine, activate the activity of the nervous system and metabolic processes, and in addition, they will help to quickly cleanse the body of toxins.

Who can help fight nicotine addiction?

For individual or group psychotherapy, you can contact a narcological dispensary or a psychologist specializing in getting rid of addictions. Statistics claim that psychotherapeutic assistance increases the chances of success by 1.5 times.

Get the help of a psychotherapist for free possible in state and municipal medical institutions. A prerequisite is the referral of your doctor from the health center. In addition, free consultations can be obtained in rehabilitation centers.

Paid consultations can be obtained from public health facilities without a referral. And also in non-state psychiatric and neuropsychiatric institutions and at a private practicing psychotherapist.

Many effective psychological techniques have been developed to help quit smoking.

  1. Methodology of Vladimir Zhdanov

    The technique is known as the Four Stinky Breaths. Its purpose is to induce a persistent aversion to smoking. To do this, you need to taste the tobacco smoke, chew it.

    When you feel like smoking, do not inhale the smoke into your lungs, but keep it in your mouth. Tilt your head back, close your nose, and chew the smoke vigorously with your mouth closed. After 20 seconds, a nasty taste will appear in the mouth. Continue chewing for another 10 seconds and then push the smoke into your lungs. Unpleasant sensations and an urge to cough will appear - this has earned receptors that are designed to protect you from tobacco smoke. To consolidate the result, do 2 more puffs with chewed smoke.

    Fourth inhalation - inhale on full lungs. Then, cough up the smoke by contracting your abdominal muscles. Then write down the date and time on the package when you took 4 stinky breaths. After that, you cannot smoke. If the urge to drag on becomes overwhelming, then repeat the smoke chewing technique.

    Video lectures by Professor Zhdanov help to strengthen motivation. They work in two directions: they clearly demonstrate the harm from smoking and create the necessary psychological attitude.

  2. Allen Carr "The Easy Way to Quit Smoking"

    The technique was developed over 30 years ago. Statistics say that every year, thanks to her, 1 million people quit smoking. The purpose of the technique is to help a person quit smoking without exerting willpower, drugs or other aids.

    The essence of the technique is described in the book of the same name. This method can be briefly described in 2 points.

    1. Make a firm, informed decision that you will never smoke again.
    2. Enjoy your new life and don't get depressed.
    The book shows very reasonably why it is worth quitting smoking, and what benefits you get by making a choice in favor of a healthy lifestyle. This helps to get rid of doubts and temptations to smoke the “last cigarette”.
  3. Smoking coding

    This method is based on hypnotic suggestion and bio-electrical influence on the subconscious. Coding helps develop a conditioned reflex against smoking.

    The purpose of coding is to instill in a person a disgust for smoking. Coding is done by psychologists and psychotherapists. In some cases, this method is used by priests and traditional healers.

    You can only encode a person who has already decided to quit smoking. In the event that he came following the persuasion of relatives, the effect of the coding will be short-lived. Another condition for successful coding is the qualification of a specialist.

    Hypnosis and acupuncture help enhance the effect on the psyche. Some people use the placebo effect successfully. The patient is taught that after he has taken a mega-effective drug, he will never have the desire to smoke again. And although under the guise of medicine in the capsule there may be ordinary sugar, the idea is firmly rooted in the mind that the craving for tobacco is no longer there.

  4. Neuro-linguistic programming. Swing technique

    This technique is based on the reprogramming of the subconscious. Its goal is to create in the subconscious mind a vivid image of who you want to become. It is suitable for almost all people and helps to get rid of different types of addiction at the same time. NLP is used by psychologists, but you can get rid of bad habits on your own.

    The swing technique consists of five stages.

    Stage 1. Answer the questions.

    • Why do I smoke?
    • How does it change my life?
    • What are the benefits of smoking for me?
    Stage 2. Determine the motive for quitting smoking.
    • What will I achieve by quitting smoking?
    • What benefits will it bring me if I quit smoking?
    Stage 3. Formation of a negative image of the "starting key"

    Imagine an unpleasant picture of smoking. For example, a yellow bony hand holding a cigarette.

    Stage 4. Formation of a "positive image"

    Imagine a positive picture of how you proudly tell your acquaintances that you have overcome your addiction.

    Stage 5. Change of images.

    Imagine a negative image and then replace it with a positive one. Pause briefly and repeat the exercise. Gradually increase the pace of changing pictures. You can accompany them with a wave of your hand or a snap of your fingers. The positive image should become more and more vivid in your consciousness, and the negative one should be clouded until it completely disappears.

  5. Acupuncture

    This smoking cessation technique was developed over 40 years ago by the Chinese neurosurgeon H.L. Venom. It is based on the fact that smoking is a conditioned reflex - a pathway that a nerve impulse travels in the brain. When nervous excitement once again passes along this path, the desire to smoke arises.

    The aim of acupuncture is to eradicate this reflex. By acting on the reflex points on the auricle or wrist, the specialist interrupts the passage of impulses along the reflex path.

    The sessions should be conducted by an experienced reflexologist. The duration of the sessions is 20-80 minutes. To obtain a lasting result, some require 2 sessions, while others require 10-20.

Remember that the only condition that will allow you to quit smoking once and for all is your firm and conscious desire to get rid of this bad habit. If you are determined to get rid of addiction, then success is sure to await you!

Smoking coding


In OBZH lessons, teachers frighten students with the fact that it is very difficult to quit smoking due to the rapidly developing physiological dependence on nicotine. However, if really the reason for addiction was only this, then smokers would easily part with their addiction with the help of nicotine patches and other medications containing nicotine and stimulating the body to independently produce this substance in the doses necessary for a person.

The experience of many smokers who have tried to quit smoking repeatedly and have used various medications suggests that the main reason for addiction to tobacco smoking is not in physiology, but in psychology ... In other words, smoking causes a strong psychological dependence, which cannot be dealt with with the help of nicotine-containing drugs. The formation of psychological dependence on tobacco smoking is based on the fact that using cigarettes a person solves any psychological problems ... Although such a statement may seem absurd, it is very easy to prove the "usefulness" of smoking for the smoker. The most common bonuses that a tobacco addict gets from his bad habit are:

These three "smoking bonuses" are the most common, but they are far from the only ones, and there can be much more psychological problems that a person solves with the help of cigarettes. These are the reasons that underlie addiction to smoking, and only by eliminating them, you can quit smoking for good.

How to quit smoking on your own for good

Since in most cases smoking is a consequence of certain psychological problems, the first step in fighting this habit should be precisely to identify the true reasons that force the smoker to go to the smoking area over and over again, light the tip of a cigarette and inhale tobacco smoke. To determine these reasons, you need to try to answer the following questions as thoroughly and honestly as possible:

  • When do you want to smoke the most? (in moments of intense activity / after a quarrel with someone / when friends go out for a smoke break / / ...)?
  • What feelings precede the desire to go out for a smoke break (fatigue / irritation / anger / emotional stress / ...)?
  • How I feel when I smoke a cigarette (calmness / detachment / relaxation / ...)?
  • What will I lose when I quit smoking (the opportunity to chat with someone in a designated smoking area / the opportunity to take time out during work or communication in order to take a smoke break / the opportunity to relax in the company of smoking friends / ...)?

The answers to these questions will help to identify the true cause of smoking addiction - the desire to communicate with another smoker, the need to relax in the middle of the working day, the ability to distract from everyday activities for a cigarette, etc. Then you need to identify alternative methods of solving the psychological problem with which the smoker fights with the help of cigarettes- for example, if smoking is a way to distract yourself from, you need to drink a glass of water, eat any fruit, go out to breathe fresh air, every time you have a desire to smoke.

It is better to quit smoking immediately, and not gradually, stretching the process of getting rid of the bad habit for weeks and months. Therefore, after a replacement for smoking is found, one should proceed to drastic measures to part with an addiction, namely:

  • Throw away cigarettes and smoking accessories;
  • To wash clothes, ventilate the apartment, wash the car interior, etc., that is, make sure that the smell of tobacco smoke is not left anywhere;
  • Tell friends and family about your decision to quit smoking;
  • Every time the thought of a cigarette arises, by an effort of will to switch attention to something else - listen to your favorite song, solve a crossword puzzle, drink a glass of water, light a candle and look at the fire, etc.

    If, after giving up a bad habit, once you could not resist a cigarette, you do not need to concentrate on this and in weakness - it is better to forgive yourself for this little weakness and forget about it;

  • If necessary, purchase a medicine that will help relieve the symptoms of physiological dependence on smoking;
  • In the case when the desire to smoke is especially strong in a state of alcoholic intoxication, temporarily stop drinking alcohol.

AND
Having used these simple methods and deliberately giving up cigarettes, it is important not to forget about the other side of the issue - the elimination of the psychological problem that was previously solved with the help of cigarettes. It is impossible to constantly replace smoking with something else, therefore, having given up cigarettes, you also need to deal with your psychological problems- to reduce the level of anxiety, get rid of stress and dependence on other people's opinions, set personal boundaries and learn how to calmly resolve conflicts and "not dive headlong" into everyday problems. A happy person does not need cigarettes, so the only guaranteed way to quit smoking on his own for good is to gain self-confidence and fill his life with joyful and interesting events.

In this article, I will not advocate for you not to smoke. Those who smoke - they already know everything, or they will very soon find out. This article is for those who have not started smoking yet.

I will tell you what benefits you will get if you don't listen to anyone and start smoking. A number of interesting and even funny possibilities will open before you. You will be able to lose weight quickly, you will be better protected from rape, your family members will begin to listen to you more, and you will also get a lot of thrills from life.

1. Consequences of smoking. Smoking tobacco is the best way to lose weight very quickly and become slim. Don't believe me? Yes exactly. Not a drop of excess weight will remain in your body.

Lung cancer is the best way to lose weight very quickly. So give yourself cancer - start smoking. Do you think this is not the most reliable way? After all, many smoke, and not all have cancer. Let's check what are your chances of waiting for that happy moment in your life when you got lung cancer and become slim as a fashion model.

According to research scientists about 50% of all who smoke regularly will not die their own wayNS, and prematurely from diseases caused by smoking ... In addition, half of them will die in middle age - at the very dawn of strength. Imagine - you have a 50% chance of not living to old age. Scientists estimate that tobacco will be the most common cause of death among adults in the next decades. Already today every third death of a person in middle age is caused by smoking ... Here is a link to a study by scientists that confirms this fact:

Why am I saying all this? And the fact is that one of the main causes of death from smoking is lung cancer. But a person with lung cancer quickly loses weight, becomes thin. And it doesn't matter that sooner or later you will die of lung cancer, because even without lung cancer you will die sooner or later in old age. The main thing is that you can make your dream come true. Let not for long, but you will proudly put on clothes that have been gathering dust in the closet for a long time, which you could afford in your very early youth. And no diets. Eat whatever you want. And now I will show you scientific studies proving that cigarette smoking is the direct and main cause of lung cancer - 87% of all lung cancer deaths ... Tempting prospect - isn't it?

  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9194026
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410056
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943444
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570286
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22882889
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6087005

If you have already started smoking, then in no case quit. Show will. Any business needs to be completed. Wait, and your success is guaranteed by 50%. Scientific studies show that after you quit smoking, your chances of getting lung cancer start to decrease every year. , and your previous efforts and wasted cigarette money will be in vain. Here is a link to such a study:

  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8445673

2. Smoking tobacco is the best weapon against attempted rape. Dear ladies, arm yourself with a cigarette, be patient, and one day you will not be afraid to be alone with a stranger.

Well, think for yourself. Try to smile at the man who is bothering you, just like in the next picture.

You probably think that such a smile is available only to a select few, and not to everyone who smokes? You are wrong. To be sure, I invite you to study several of the many scientific studies that show how smoking destroys teeth and causes periodontal disease and tooth loss :

  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10972650
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674963
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223098
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9919032
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502245
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6578319
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11156044
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326897

Note: If you want to achieve the maximum effect, as in the picture, then you should not quit smoking. After all, as studies show, if you quit smoking, then further your teeth will no longer be decayed either and take on such a frightening look. And if you quit smoking and do not smoke for 9 years, then your risks of getting such a smile will not be higher than the risk of ordinary people. Do not quit smoking - the result comes to the most persistent. Here is a link to research confirming that you can not quit smoking, so as not to lose the achieved effect:

  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16978490

A reasonable question arises. But what if you like a man. Here's a guide to what not to do to please the opposite sex if you smoke. Consider these little details and everything will be ok. After all, they can be hidden, and the excess weight cannot be hidden anywhere. And so, if you like the person:

  • don't smile at him
  • don't show him your nails

- smoker's and non-smoker's nails

3. Smoking tobacco is the best way to get others to take care of you and turn your life for the better.

So. The eternal dispute is who will look after whom after many years of marriage. Imagine that you have a bad heart. You cannot be upset, which means that you cannot contradict you - as soon as you grab your heart. You need to be picked up by car so that you are not overwhelmed by long walks. Constant concern leads to the habit of giving in to you. And believe me - it will benefit not only you, but all members of your family. Indeed, in a happy family relationship, one must always yield to the other. Then there will be no unnecessary quarrels, disputes. Life will be smoother and more relaxed. And in old age, you will not bother anyone, since you will die early.

I can assure you that if your spouse (or spouse) leads a healthy lifestyle, and you smoke, you are guaranteed to be the head of the family. Because, if you smoke, you are guaranteed to get atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, threatening heart attack or stroke... And here is my guarantee - these are links only to some scientific studies that guarantee you all the listed delights in the near future:

  • Smokers are 3 times more likely to die from stroke >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039379
  • Heart attack >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773074
  • Death by >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10665889
  • >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18448814
  • High cholesterol >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25601961
  • Thrombosis, atherosclerosis, heart attack, coronary heart disease, stroke and death >> www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17979794

You will probably say that there is no guarantee that you will have a heart problem? You are wrong. Moreover. There is research that shows that if you have high blood pressure and smoke at the same time, then you are 8 times more likely to get a heart attack ... Think about this figure - the guarantee is 8 times. And here is a link to research proving this most eightfold increase:

Note: Don't quit smoking. If you quit smoking, your risk of dying from a stroke or heart attack will be halved. ... Research links:

  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2286855
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9919475

4. Smoking tobacco is also your confidence that you will never become a donor, which means that no one will illegally take away your kidney.

Jokes aside, but donation of internal organs is a whole underground business. And many people suffer from it. Doctors often deliberately do not save people after an accident or in other cases in order to remove an internal organ from a patient for a customer. But before that, doctors must make sure that the internal organ of such a person is healthy. This is where smoking comes in. Scientifically proven fact - smoking causes chronic kidney disease ... Kidneys affected by inflammation are not suitable for donation. A huge amount of research shows this fact:

  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22552933
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685820
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23892062

Why are these kidneys not suitable for donation? What kind of donation? A person with chronic kidney inflammation will soon need new kidneys himself.

5. Smoking tobacco is a fascinating and colorful life, full of vivid, unforgettable extreme thrills.

According to legend, in the 19th century, prisoners in Russian prisons were forced to play "Russian roulette". And the guards of such prisons (earning money) made bets whether such a player would die or survive. The essence of the game was that the player was given a revolver, in the drum of which there was only one cartridge. The player spun such a drum and then pulled the trigger, exposing the barrel of the pistol to his temple. Lucky - not lucky. Over time, this gambling and exciting game took root in the ranks of Russian officers - it was called "hussar roulette".

Smoking is the modern Hussar roulette. We smoke, and someone makes money on it. It doesn't matter what role we are in. All participants benefit. Agree, it's worth living for the thrill. And smoking offers us plenty of such options for thrills. Scientific research shows that smoking can kill us in 24 different ways. Here are some of these studies where scientists have described these methods:

  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9194026
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410056
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173269
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10675383

So, available to you:

  1. lung cancer
  2. osteoporosis
  3. heart attack
  4. stroke
  5. oral cancer
  6. esophageal carcinoma
  7. stomach cancer
  8. pancreas cancer
  9. laryngeal cancer
  10. prostate cancer
  11. cervical cancer
  12. mammary cancer
  13. colon cancer
  14. bladder cancer
  15. kidney cancer
  16. leukemia, especially acute myeloid leukemia
  17. respiratory heart disease
  18. aortic aneurysm
  19. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  20. pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
  21. cirrhosis of the liver
  22. liver cancer
  23. etc.

In Europe, in 1990 alone, about 750,000 people died from smoking, and smoking itself is still the main cause of premature death of middle-aged people. In China, smoking is the leading cause of death in the elderly. Output: nothing in the world kills as many people as smoking tobacco does. Truly a thrill. Smoke and live a vibrant life. Here are links to studies that prove it:

  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9194026
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411086

6. If someone tells you that you shouldn't smoke, then I recommend arm yourself with the iron arguments shown in the next video. These arguments allow you to get ironic excuses.

7. And finally, watch these, in my opinion, very funny and short video clips.

Almost every day, new scientific discoveries and new ways of successfully fighting old age are published. Already many scientists are talking about an imminent victory over old age. We invite you to subscribe to new articles of our resource in order to be always aware of the latest achievements.

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