Assembly of arches formwork boxes technological map. Technological map Technological map for the installation and dismantling of wall and floor formwork. List of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures

The installation of the formwork is carried out using a KB 403 tower crane with a boom length of 30 m, installed according to the construction plan. The installation of the formwork should be carried out according to the grips. Each floor is divided into two sections in the plan.

Columns, walls and ceilings should be concreted in the "Peri" formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

• - WALL - made of metal panels lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete of 60 kN / m 2; straightening locks BFD, providing in one operation the connectivity, evenness and density of the formwork panels; strands DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the strand of 90 kN; leveling tie rod PCC with a support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; consoles of the mounted scaffolding TRZh 120, providing safety with a load on the scaffold of 150 kg / m 2.
• - COLUMN - metal panels TRS, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the permissible pressure of freshly laid concrete of 100 kN / m 2, column tension bolts with a permissible bolt load of 90 kN.
• - COVERINGS - made of lattice girders GT 24 of various lengths with a bearing capacity - transverse force in struts - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, supports PER 30 with a bearing capacity of 30 kN; panels made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

The formwork is delivered to the construction site in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See below for the formwork installation scheme, it shows the arrangement of work tables and installation and docking of PERI carts.

Before starting the installation of the formwork on the grip, it is necessary to perform:

• - to concrete a reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, an elevator shaft;
• - apply the risks of the alignment axes to the reinforced concrete slabs;
• - to apply the concrete-separating liquid "Pera-Wedge" to the formwork panels using a spray gun;

installation of design fittings;

delivery of tools, devices and equipment to the workplace.

Formwork installation scheme.

The sequence of formwork installation at the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

• - install the block of outer formwork panels on the spacers;
• - install fittings;
• - to install the block of internal shields on straps and locks with scaffolding and flooring consoles hanging.

The transfer of the main axes of the building to the slab is carried out from the benchmarks. All other building axes are set out from the main axes of the measurement paths. Control over the erection of a monolithic house vertically is carried out floor by floor by theodolites using the oblique design method.

When performing geodetic works, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 "Geodetic works in construction".

To reduce the adhesion of the deck to the concrete surface, thoroughly clean it and spray it with Peri-Klin concrete release fluid. Clean immediately after removing the formwork by spraying with water, then with a rubber-tipped scraper and a hair brush and spraying with concrete release agent. Apply the concrete release fluid with a hand-held spray gun. Apply at the storage site (in winter - in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricating film from being washed off by rain.

Slinging of the formwork is carried out using a special TRIO hook included in the formwork kit and a transport sling with four ropes. To lift the panels, use two TRIO crane hooks (load-bearing capacity of one hook - 1.5 t).

See below for the slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The lifting of small and piece elements should be carried out in containers.

Slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The sequence of operations during the installation of wall formwork:

• - the position of the diaphragm is marked on the spot, using perforators, holes W = 25 mm with a depth of 90 mm are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs for the installation of NKD-S M 20 anchors.
• - on the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of shields (3 pcs.) is assembled, connected by BFP locks with RSS1 spacers hinged on them.
• - by means of crane hooks of the "Peri" system (2 pcs. per transport unit), the package of shields is lifted to a vertical position and transported by a crane to the installation site.
• - the package of shields is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and is fastened with RSS1 spacers with NKD - S M20 anchors to the reinforced concrete slab. Individual panels or panels are docked to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the amount specified in the project.
• - the entire structure is brought to a vertical position with the help of RSS1 struts, and then reinforcement work is started.
• - after the completion of the reinforcement work, the inner row of formwork panels is mounted, connected to the previously installed panels using DW-15 straps and washer nuts, with the installation of PVCVH pipes W = 25 mm in length to the thickness of the diaphragm.
• - then the end shields Shch-1 are installed connected to the formwork shields with BFD locks and TAR-85 leveling locks, scaffolding brackets TRG - 120 and wooden flooring 35 - 40 mm thick are hung.

The entire structure is finally brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

• - reinforcement work is being carried out.
• - on a horizontal stand, a formwork block is assembled from two panels connected by column bolts.
• - by means of a crane equipped with two TRIO hooks, the unit is brought to a vertical position and installed on a horizontal platform and temporarily fixed to the base with a spacer RSS1.
• - the third shield is mounted.
• - a block of three panels is transported to the installation site using a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and mounted to the design position, with the RSS1 spacer fastening to the floor slab.
• - the fourth shield is mounted and secured by the RSS1 spacer.
• - scaffolding consoles are hung, and scaffolding panel boarding is performed.
• - the formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position using the RSS1 spacers. The formwork is ready for concreting the elevator shaft.

The internal elevator shafts are marked on the foundation slab.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, four packages of panels are assembled to the length of the inner wall of the elevator shaft with fastening to each other with BFD locks according to the project.

With the help of crane hooks of the TRIO system (2 pcs. Per transport unit), the package is lifted to a vertical position and transported to the installation site by a tower crane. The package is installed in the design position with temporary fastening of the RSST brace to the reinforced concrete slab. Then the rest of the panels are installed and connected with BFD locks according to the project.

Reinforcement works are in progress.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the external formwork panels of the elevator shaft are installed, connected to the previously installed formwork with DW 15 ties with washer nuts and PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm long by the thickness of the elevator wall, leveling locks TAR - 85 and between themselves with BFD locks according to the project.

The spacers RSS1 are installed, the scaffolds TRG-120 are suspended and the boardwalk is made according to the project.

With the help of RSS1 struts, the structure is brought into a vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Sequence of installation of the elevator shaft formwork from elevation +0.000

Support elements (stand-stop) are installed in the upper holes, freed from the straps, to support the next tier of the formwork according to the project.

The device of the flooring in the elevator shaft and in the staircase for the production of installation and reinforcement works is being carried out.

The internal formwork of the elevator shaft (assembled) is mounted using a tower crane on the installed supporting elements (stop-posts) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcement work is being carried out on the tier of the installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External packages of formwork panels with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with BFD locks fastening RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors are mounted, TRG-120 scaffolding consoles are mounted and a boardwalk is made according to the project.

The entire structure is brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Overlap

Installation and disassembly of the multiflex slab formwork is carried out in accordance with the technological map.

DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK.

Dismantling the formwork of columns, walls and an elevator shaft should be started when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the overlap is 15 MPa.

The sequence of dismantling the formwork.

• - dismantled a block of two internal shields
• - the next block of two shields is dismantled

• - the inner row of shields is dismantled
• - end and corner shields
• - outdoor block of shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

• - dismantled block of internal formwork
• - the outer formwork is dismantled.

Overlap

• - intermediate racks are dismantled
• - the main racks are lowered by 4 cm
• - the cross beams are dismantled
• - formwork panels are dismantled
• - formwork panels are dismantled
• - the main beams are dismantled
• - racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations when dismantling the formwork.

• - remove the panel board
• - remove the scaffolding consoles
• - release the column bolts on the block of two shields
• - tie the block of two panels using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the mount
• - using a tower crane to lower it to the storage area to prepare for the next concreting.
• - to sling the next block of two panels, disconnect the leveling rods and lower it with a tower crane to the storage area.

• - remove the panel board
• - remove the scaffolding consoles
• - tie the inner panel block of three panels with two TRIO hooks
• - remove the BFD locks from the block of shields connecting to the next block of shields, disconnect the rods and locks that level the rods
• - using a crane, release the block of three panels and lower it onto the storage area.
• - repeat all operations with the following shield blocks
• - to sling the end shield
• - release it from strains and constipation and, using a tower crane, lower it to the storage area
• - to sling an outdoor block of three panels
• - remove the leveling rods, BFD locks fastening to the next block of shields and using a crane to lower them onto the storage area
• - repeat these operations with the following blocks of external panels.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

• - remove tightening rods, constipation.
• - hook the inner formwork block with four sling hooks and use a crane to remove the entire block from the elevator shaft and put it on the storage area for subsequent preparation.
• - sling the end block with the unloading element and with the help of a crane take it out of the shaft and lower it onto the storage area
• - remove the panel board and scaffold consoles from the next outer wall of the lift
• - attach this block with two TRIO hooks
• - remove the leveling rods and, using a tower crane, remove the unit from the elevator shaft and lower it onto the storage area
• - repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the lift.

Overlap

Dismantle the formwork according to the technological map.

Safety precautions.

At the seizure, where installation work is being carried out, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons.

Cleaning of the structural elements to be installed from dirt and ice should be carried out before they are lifted.

Stay of people on structural elements during their lifting and moving is not allowed.

It is not allowed to find people under the elements to be mounted before installing them in the design position and securing them.

The formwork blocks must be detached from the assembly towers H = 2.5m (5.14 D of the catalog 2617-961-89), the outer panels from the block decks.

It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height in open places with a wind speed of 15 m / s or more, with ice, thunderstorms, fog, excluding visibility within the work front. Work on moving formwork panels with high windage should be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m / s.

During the installation of the formwork, the installers must be on previously installed and securely fixed structures or scaffolds.

When installing panels with high windage, it is necessary to use guy wires, keeping the panel from swinging.

Every day, before starting work, the foreman (foreman) must check the condition of the assembled panels and formwork blocks, working platforms, hanging platforms and stairs.

It is prohibited to carry out welding and gas-flame work of wooden formwork without appropriate safety measures.

Perform the work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" , SNiP 2.02.02-85 * "Fire safety standards".

Technological map for concrete work of a monolithic house in the formwork "PERI"

Concreting of columns, walls and ceilings should be carried out with grapples. Each floor is divided in the plan into 2 captures. The working seam is specified in the project. During the installation of the reinforcement at the border of the grips in the overlap, install a woven mesh GOST 3826-82, tying it to the reinforcement with a knitting wire. The resumption of concreting in the places of the construction of working seams is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa. To clean the working joints from the cement film with an air jet from the compressor. It is allowed to arrange working seams - for columns and walls at the level of the floor slab bottom, for overlapping 3-4 or 4-5 in the middle of the span - parallel to the digital axes. In the initial period of concrete hardening, it is necessary to protect against atmospheric precipitation or moisture loss.

Before the start of concreting, the following work must be performed on each grip:

• - installation and alignment of formwork
• - installation of fittings
• - an act of inspection of hidden works for the installation of fittings, embedded parts, corrugated power supply pipes, and formwork was drawn up.

When concreting the columns, use concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; internal walls (diaphragms) - concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; elevator shafts - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50; floors - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50.

The movement of people on the concreted structures and the installation of the formwork of the overlying structures is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 MPa.

The concrete is delivered to the construction site in auto mixers. At the construction site, organize a place for receiving concrete from auto mixers in the form of two bunkers. For uniform distribution of concrete in the formwork of walls and columns, unload the concrete into funnels installed in the formwork.

Reinforcement of walls and columns should be carried out directly on the gripper manually from separate rods and frames, after having supplied the blanks with a crane to the ceiling. The fixation of the frames in relation to the edges of the wall in order to form a protective layer should be carried out using clamps according to brands, depending on the Ш of the reinforcement on which it is worn and the thickness of the protective layer of concrete. Concrete placement within the work area should be done in horizontal layers with a thickness of 500 mm. When compacting the concrete mixture, the immersion depth of the vibrator should ensure its immersion into the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm. The step of repositioning the vibrators is not more than 1.5 of its radius of action. Vibrate until the end of the appearance of air bubbles on the concrete surface, vibrate especially carefully in the corners of the formwork.

Reinforcement of the floor slab is made of frames and meshes made at the factory (reinforcement yard of the construction site). The nets and frames are transported by a tower crane to the workplace and mounted in the following sequence:

• - a number of lower grids are installed
• - support frames are installed
• - the upper grids are mounted.

The assembly of space frames into volumetric ones is carried out using a knitting wire. Fixation of the lower nets in relation to the overlap plane in order to form a protective layer using plastic clips (TU 6-05-160-77). Simultaneously with the installation of fittings, lay horizontal PVC pipes for the passage of electrical communications. Pull the wire into the tubes before laying. Attach the tubes to the armature with a knitting wire. At the same time, all embedded parts are installed in the formwork according to the project. Laying concrete within the designated work area to be carried out to the depth of the floor thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction. The height of free concrete dumping from the bunker is not more than 1m. vibrate until air bubbles appear on the concrete surface, until cement laitance appears.

Safety precautions.

• 1. The place for receiving concrete is to be made with a fence on three sides, except for the side of the entrance of cars, on this side signs "Caution, possible fall" are installed.
• 2. Climb the scaffolding using inventory stairs.
• 3. When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest the vibrators on the reinforcement and embedded products, rods and other elements of the formwork fastening.
• 4. Every day, before starting to place concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to check the condition of the container, formwork and paving equipment. The detected faults must be eliminated immediately.
• 5. When compacting concrete with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator by the current-carrying hoses, and during breaks in work and when moving from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.
• 6. Placement of equipment and materials on the formwork that are not provided for by the project for the production of works, as well as the presence of unauthorized persons is not allowed.
• 7. Prior to the commencement of work on the installation of the reinforcement, a fence should be installed on each grip on the perimeter ceiling.
• 8. Perform the work in accordance with the requirement of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures ”, SNiP 2.02.02-85 *“ Fire safety standards ”.

CENTRAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION

AOZT TsNIIOMTP

ROUTING
ON THE DEVICE OF COLUMN MONOLITHIC FOUNDATIONS USING A SMALL-SHIELD FORMWORK

Moscow

The technological map considers the arrangement of columnar monolithic foundations for reinforced concrete columns using metal formwork.

The organization and technology of construction processes are given, the basic safety rules are indicated. Constructive schemes for the organization and technology of work are presented.

The technological map was developed by AOZT TsNIIOMTP (B.V. Zhadanovsky head department, cand. tech. sciences, O.V. Baranov, L.V. Zhabina with the participation of the head. the computer and information technology sector Yagudaeva L.M.).

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map was developed for the installation of columnar monolithic foundations for the frame of civil and industrial buildings using small-panel formwork.

1.2. The technological map provides for the construction of monolithic foundations using small-panel formwork developed by AOZT TsNIIOMTP (project 794V-2.00.000).

1.3. The foundation of series 1-412 with a volume of 14.7 m 3 was taken as a reference in the development of the map.

1.4. The flow chart considers the options for supplying concrete mixture in the structure:

truck crane in bunkers;

concrete pump SB-170-1.

1.5. Concrete mix transportation is provided by the SB-159B-2 concrete mixer truck.

1.6. The work is carried out in two shifts in the summer.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Before starting the installation of foundations, the following work must be performed:

drainage of surface water from the site was organized;

access roads and highways are arranged;

the paths of movement of mechanisms, places of storage, enlargement of reinforcing nets and formwork are indicated, assembly equipment and devices are prepared;

Reinforcement meshes, frames and formwork kits were delivered in the required quantity;

the necessary preparation for the foundations has been completed;

geodetic breakdown of axes and marking of the position of the foundations in accordance with the project;

on the surface of the concrete preparation, there are painted risks that fix the position of the working plane of the formwork panels.

2.2. The prepared foundation for the foundations must be accepted by an act by the commission with the participation of the customer, the contractor and the representative of the design organization. The act should reflect the compliance of the location, elevations of the bottom of the pit, the actual bedding and natural properties of soils with the project data, as well as the possibility of laying foundations at the design elevation, the absence of violations of the natural properties of base soils or the quality of their compaction in accordance with design solutions.

2.3. Acts for hidden works should be drawn up for the preparation device for foundations.

2.4. Before installing the formwork and reinforcement of reinforced concrete foundations, the work manufacturer (foreman, foreman) must check the correctness of the concrete preparation device and marking the position of the axes and marks of the base of the foundations.

Formwork works

2.5. The formwork should be delivered to the construction site as a complete set, suitable for installation and operation, without any modifications or corrections.

2.6. The elements of the formwork that arrived at the construction site are placed in the area of ​​operation of the assembly crane. All elements of the formwork must be stored in a position corresponding to the transport, sorted by brands and standard sizes. It is necessary to store the formwork elements under a canopy in conditions that exclude their damage. Shields are stacked in stacks no more than 1 - 1.2 m high on wooden pads; fights of 5 - 10 tiers with a total height of no more than 1 m with the installation of wooden spacers between them; the rest of the elements, depending on the size and weight, are placed in boxes.

2.7. Small-panel formwork consists of the following components:

linear panels are made of a bent profile (channel), the deck in the panels is made of laminated plywood 12 mm thick;

load-bearing elements - clamps are designed to absorb loads acting on the formwork, as well as to combine individual panels into panels or blocks. They are made of a bent profile (channel);

corner shields - are used to combine flat shields into closed contours;

assembly corner - serves to connect boards and panels into closed formwork contours;

tension hook - used to attach contractions to shields;

bracket - serves as the basis for the working platform.

2.8. Mounting and dismantling of the formwork is carried out using a vehicle crane KS-35715 or KS-45719, KS-4572A.

2.9. Before the start of the installation of the formwork, the panels are pre-assembled in the panels in the following sequence:

at the storage site, a box of contractions is assembled;

shields are hung on the fights;

on the edge of the panels of the panel, paint marks are applied, indicating the position of the axes.

2.10. The foundation formwork device is carried out in the following order:

the enlarged formwork panels of the lower step of the shoe are installed and fixed;

the assembled box is installed strictly along the axes and the formwork of the lower step is fixed with metal pins to the base;

risks are applied to the edges of the enlarged panels of the box, fixing the position of the box of the second stage of the foundation;

stepping back from the marks to a distance equal to the thickness of the shields, a pre-assembled box of the second stage is installed;

the second stage box is finally installed;

in the same sequence, the third stage box is installed;

risks are applied to the edges of the enlarged panels of the upper box, fixing the position of the box of the sub-column;

install the column column box;

install and fix the liner formwork.

The assembled formwork is accepted by the master or foreman according to the act.

2.11. The condition of the formwork must be monitored continuously during the concreting process. In case of unforeseen deformations of individual formwork elements or inadmissible opening of gaps, additional fasteners should be installed and the deformed places should be corrected.

2.12. Dismantling of the formwork is allowed only after the concrete has reached the strength required in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 and with the permission of the work manufacturer.

2.13. In the process of tearing off the formwork, the surface of the concrete structure should not be damaged. Dismantling of the formwork is carried out in the reverse order of installation.

2.14. After removing the formwork, you must:

make a visual inspection of the formwork;

clean all formwork elements from adhered concrete;

lubricate decks, check and lubricate screw connections.

2.15. Formwork production schemes are given in Fig. 15.

Reinforcement work

2.16. Reinforcing nets of sub-columns are delivered to the construction site and unloaded at the pre-assembly site, shoe nets - at the storage site.

2.17. The assembly of the reinforcement cages for the sub-column is carried out at the assembly stand with the help of a conductor, by tacking the reinforcement meshes between themselves by electric arc welding or viscous.

2.18. Reinforcing frames and nets of shoes weighing over 50 kg are installed with an automobile crane in the following order:

Reinforcement mesh of the shoe is laid on the clamps, which provide a protective layer according to the project.

2.19. Reinforcement work is performed in the following order:

install reinforcing mesh of the shoe on the clamps, providing a protective layer of concrete according to the project;

after the device of the shoe formwork, reinforcing pillars are installed with fastening it to the lower mesh with a knitting wire.

2.20. Reinforcement works must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-81 "Bearing and enclosing structures".

2.21. Acceptance of the assembled fittings is carried out before the installation of the formwork and is formalized with an act of inspection of hidden works. The acceptance certificate of the assembled reinforcement structures must indicate the numbers of the working drawings, deviations from the drawings, and the assessment of the quality of the assembled reinforcement.

After the installation of the formwork, they give permission for concreting.

2.22. Reinforcement work flow diagrams are shown in Fig. 6 and 7.

Concrete works

2.23. Before the start of placing the concrete mix, the following work must be performed:

the correctness of the installed fittings and formwork was checked;

all formwork defects were eliminated;

Foundation F-1 for reinforced concrete columns

Rice. 1

Layout scheme for formwork panels

Pos. see fig. 3.

Rice. 2

Specification of formwork elements

1. For the layout of the formwork panels, see fig. 2.

2. Bracket pos. 20 is not shown conventionally.

Rice. 3

Pos. see fig. 3.

Rice. 4

Formwork production scheme

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - storage area; 3 - formwork panels; 4 - contractions; 5 - mounting corners; 6 - enlarged formwork panels; 7 - reinforcing cage; 8 - sling; 9 - concrete preparation

Rice. 5

Foundation reinforcement scheme F-1

Layout scheme for grids soles

Reinforcement mesh specification

Rice. 6

Reinforcement work flow chart

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - storage area; 3 - foundation formwork; 4 - laid reinforcement mesh; 5 - installed reinforcing cage; 6 - sling; 7 - inventory board (manufactured locally); 8 - concrete cover anchor

Rice. 7

the presence of clamps was checked, providing the required thickness of the concrete cover;

all structures and their elements, access to which in order to check the correctness of installation after concreting are not possible, have been accepted according to the act;

formwork and fittings are free of debris, dirt and rust;

the operation of all mechanisms, the serviceability of the equipment and tools were checked.

2.24. Delivery of concrete mix to the facility is provided by the SB-92V-2 or SB-159B-2 concrete mixer trucks.

2.25. Concrete supply to the place of laying is considered in two versions:

a truck crane in swivel bins with a capacity of 1.6 m 3 of a mixture designed by AOZT TsNIIOMTP;

using a concrete pump.

2.26. The work on the concreting of foundations includes:

reception and supply of concrete mix;

laying and compacting concrete mix;

curing.

2.27. Foundations are concreted in two stages:

at the first stage, the foundation shoe and the sub-column are concreted to the mark of the bottom of the liner;

at the second stage, the upper part of the sub-column is concreted after the insert is installed.

2.28. For loading with concrete, rotary bins do not require reloading racks, but are fed to the place of loading with concrete by an automobile crane, which sets the bins in a horizontal position.

A concrete mixer truck drives up to the hopper in reverse and unloads. Then the truck crane lifts the bucket and in a vertical position delivers it to the place of unloading. In the area of ​​operation of a truck crane, several bunkers are usually placed close to one another, with the expectation that their total capacity is equal to the capacity of a concrete mixer. In this case, all prepared bucket bins are loaded with concrete mix at the same time and then the crane alternately delivers them to the unloading point.

2.29. When concreting monolithic foundations with a concrete pump, the radius of action of the distribution boom allows placing the concrete mixture in several foundations. Normal operation of concrete pumps is ensured if a concrete mixture with a mobility of 4 - 22 cm is pumped through a concrete pipeline, which contributes to the transportation of concrete over extreme distances without delamination and the formation of traffic jams.

2.30. Schemes for the production of concrete works are given in Fig. 8 and 9.

2.31. The concrete mix is ​​laid in horizontal layers with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 m.

Each layer of concrete is carefully compacted with deep vibrators. When compacting the concrete mixture, the end of the working part of the vibrator should be immersed in the previously laid concrete layer by 5 - 10 cm. The step of repositioning the vibrator should not exceed 1.5 of its radius of action. In the corners and at the walls of the formwork, the concrete mixture is additionally compacted with vibrators or bayonet with manual shurovki. Touching the vibrator during operation to the valve is not allowed. Vibrating at one position ends when the sedimentation stops and the appearance of cement laitance on the concrete surface. When rearranging, the vibrator should be removed slowly, without turning it off, so that the void under the tip is evenly filled with the concrete mixture.

The break between the stages of concreting (or laying layers of concrete mixture) should be at least 40 minutes, but not more than 2 hours.

2.32. After placing the concrete mixture in the formwork, it is necessary to create favorable temperature and humidity conditions for concrete hardening. The horizontal surfaces of the concrete foundation are covered with wet burlap, tarpaulin, sawdust, sheet, roll materials for a period depending on climatic conditions, in accordance with the instructions of the construction laboratory.

2.33. Work on the construction of monolithic concrete foundations is performed by the following links:

unloading and sorting of reinforcing meshes and formwork elements, loading and unloading reinforcement cages assembled at the stand, installation of reinforcement cages for column columns, installation and dismantling of liners - link No. 1:

machinist 5 bits - 1 person,

assembler (rigger) 4 bit - 1 person,

2 bit - 2 people.

formwork - installation of formwork elements for foundations, disassembly of the formwork with surface cleaning, lubrication of boards with emulsion - link No. 2:

construction locksmiths 4 razr. - 2 people,

3 bit - 1 person,

2 bit - 1 person;

Scheme of production of concrete works when feeding concrete mixture by crane in bunkers

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - concrete mixer truck SB-92V-2; 3 - rotary bunker BPV-1.6; 4 - sling; 5 - bracket; 6 - fencing; 7 - formwork panels; 8 - concrete foundation; 9 - storage area

Rice. eight

Scheme of the production of concrete works when feeding concrete mixture by a concrete pump

1 - concrete pump SB-170-1; 2 - concrete mixer truck SB-92V-2; 3 - formwork panels; 4 - concrete foundation

Rice. nine

reinforcement work - installation of reinforcing mesh for shoes, enlarging assembly of reinforcing mesh for support columns on the conductor, welding works - link No. 3:

fitters 3 razr. - 1 person,

2 bit - 2 people,

electric welder 3 bit - 1 person;

concrete work (when feeding the concrete mixture by a crane) - receiving the concrete mixture from a concrete mixer, feeding the concrete mixture with a crane, laying the concrete mixture with compaction with vibrators, taking care of concrete - link No. 4:

concrete workers 4 dig. - 1 person,

3 bit - 1 person,

2 bit - 2 people;

concrete work (when feeding the concrete mixture by a concrete pump) - laying the concrete mixture with a concrete pump with compaction with vibrators, cleaning the concrete pipeline, taking care of concrete - link No. 5:

machinist 5 bits - 1 person;

operator 5 bit - 1 person,

concrete workers 3 razr. - 1 person,

2 bit - 1 person.

2.34. Concrete work at negative air temperatures.

When performing concrete work in winter, one should be guided by the rules of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" and SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction".

Winter concreting conditions are considered when the average daily outside air temperature is not higher than 5 ° С or the minimum temperature during the day is below 0 ° С.

In winter conditions, the choice of additives and the calculation of their amount is carried out in the same way as in the summer.

The erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures can be carried out, as a rule, using several methods of winter concreting. The choice of the method should be made based on the requirements of the minimum values ​​of labor intensity and energy consumption, cost and duration of work, as well as taking into account local conditions (outside air temperature, scope of work, availability of special equipment, electrical power, etc.).

Combined methods of winter concreting are promising, which are a combination of two or more traditional methods, for example, a thermos + the use of concretes with antifreeze additives, electric heating or heating in the heating formwork of concretes containing antifreeze additives, electrical treatment of concrete in hothouses, etc.

Thermos method

The essence of the method consists in heating concrete by heating aggregates and water and using the heat released during cement hardening to acquire a given strength by concrete during its slow cooling in a heat-insulated formwork.

Application of concrete with anti-freeze additives

The essence of the method lies in the introduction into the concrete mixture during its preparation of additives that lower the freezing point of water, ensuring the reaction of cement hydration and concrete hardening at temperatures below 0 ° C.

Additives are introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions of working concentration, which are obtained by mixing concentrated solutions of additives with mixing water and fed into the concrete mixer through a water dispenser.

Preliminary electric heating of concrete mix

The essence of the method lies in the rapid heating of the concrete mixture outside the formwork by passing an electric current through it, placing the mixture in the insulated formwork, while the concrete reaches the specified strength during the slow cooling process.

Preliminary electric heating of the concrete mixture is carried out in the bodies of dump trucks using the post equipment for heating the mixture.

When delivering the concrete mix by concrete mixers, the mix is ​​preheated at the heating post, followed by loading the mixer with the heated mix.

In order to avoid excessive thickening of the combustible concrete mixture, the duration of its warming up should not exceed 15 minutes, and the duration of transportation and laying - 20 minutes.

An exoteric method can be used to preheat the concrete mixture. When mixing the mixture with aluminum powder, an exothermic (with heat release) reaction occurs.

Electric heating of concrete

The essence of electric heating of concrete consists in passing through it, as through an ohmic resistance, alternating current, as a result of which heat is released in the concrete.

Steel electrodes are used to supply voltage to concrete.

For power supply of electric heating and other methods of electric heat treatment, it is allowed, as a rule, to use step-down transformers.

Heating of concrete in thermoactive formwork

The heating method is advisable when using inventory formwork with a steel or plywood deck when concreting walls, ceilings, etc.

It is especially effective in the construction of structures and structures, the concreting of which should be carried out without interruption, as well as structures saturated with reinforcement. The heating method is economically and technologically feasible not only when using collapsible and movable, but also block, volumetric-movable, rolling and sliding formworks.

The use of thermoactive formwork does not cause additional requirements for the composition of the concrete mixture and does not limit the use of plasticizing additives. Heating of concrete in a heating formwork can be combined with electric heating of a concrete mixture, using antifreeze chemical additives or hardening accelerators.

Heating of concrete structures is carried out after the formwork for concreting. Those parts of the structure that are not covered with thermoactive formwork are insulated with flexible coverings (blankets) made of fiberglass and glass wool.

The technology of concreting in thermoactive formwork practically does not differ from the technology of work in the summer period. To prevent heat losses from horizontal surfaces during breaks in the laying of concrete mixture and the outside air temperature is below minus 20 ° C, the structure to be concreted is covered with a tarpaulin or film material.

Heating of concrete using heating wires

The essence of the concrete heating method using heating wires is to heat concrete using wires in the concrete, which are heated when an electric current is passed. The wires are fixed on the reinforcing bars of the meshes and frames before placing the concrete mixture.

Heating concrete with hot air

The use of hot air for heating concrete leads to large heat losses. Therefore, this method is advisable to use at a low negative temperature of the outside air and sufficiently reliable and hermetically sealed thermal insulation. Hot air is produced in electric heaters or fired heaters operating on liquid fuel.

2.35. The list of machines and equipment is given in table 1.

2.36. The list of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in Table 2.

List of machines and equipment

Table 1

List of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures

table 2

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

3.1. Requirements for the quality of supplied materials and products, operational quality control and technological processes to be controlled are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

4. CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS AND MACHINE TIME

Table 4

5. SCHEDULE OF WORK PRODUCTION

Table 5

6. NEED FOR MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND STRUCTURES

6.1. The need for materials, products and structures for the foundation is shown in Table 6.

Table 6

7. SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION. ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

7.1. When installing monolithic foundations, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction", "Fire safety rules during construction and installation work", "Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes."

7.2. Work safety must be ensured: by choosing a rational and appropriate technological equipment;

preparation and organization of workplaces for the production of work;

the use of protective equipment for workers;

medical examination of persons admitted to work;

timely training and verification of the knowledge of working personnel and engineers on safety in the production of construction and installation works.

Pay particular attention to the following:

methods of slinging structural elements should ensure their supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one;

elements of the structures to be mounted during movement must be kept from swaying and rotating by flexible braces;

do not allow people to be found under the mounted structural elements until they are installed in the design position and secured;

when moving cargo by a crane, the distance between the outer dimensions of the carried cargo and protruding parts of structures and obstacles along the movement should be at least 1 m horizontally, at least 0.5 m vertically; erection and dismantling of the formwork can be started with the permission of the technical manager of the construction and must be carried out under the direct supervision of a specially appointed person of the technical personnel;

moving a loaded or empty hopper is allowed only when the gate is closed;

it is not allowed for the vibrator to touch the reinforcement and the worker being in the area of ​​a possible fall of the bunker;

only persons who have a certificate for the right to work on this type of machine are allowed to operate concrete pumps.

7.4. When working at a height of more than 1.5 m, all workers must use safety harnesses with carabiners.

7.5. Dismantling of the formwork is allowed after the concrete has gained stripping strength and with the permission of the work manufacturer.

7.6. The separation of the formwork from the concrete is carried out using jacks. The concrete surface must not be damaged during the tearing off process.

7.7. Workplaces of electric welders should be fenced with special portable fences. Before starting welding, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the insulation of the welding wires and electrode holders, as well as the tightness of the connection of all contacts. During interruptions in operation, electrowelding installations must be disconnected from the mains.

7.8. Loading and unloading operations, storage and installation of reinforcing cages must be carried out with inventory lifting devices and in compliance with measures to exclude the possibility of falling, sliding and loss of stability of goods.

7.9. Cleaning the tray of the concrete mixer and the loading opening from the remnants of the concrete mixture is carried out only with a stationary drum.

7.10. It is prohibited to: work the concrete pump without outriggers; to start the operation of the concrete pump without first pouring water into the washing tank of concrete transport cylinders, and into the concrete pipeline - "starting lubricant".

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 7

Calculation 1

Standards of time for unloading the concrete mixer SB-92V-2 in a container.

The unloading time of a concrete mixer according to the technical characteristics of a concrete mixer is 8 minutes (0133 h).

Useful drum capacity - 4 m 3.

N. vr. for unloading 100 m 3 of concrete mixture will be:

(100´0.133) / 4´1 = 3.32 machine-hours

Calculation 2

Standards of time for the supply of concrete mixture to the structure by the concrete pump SB-170-1.

The operational performance of the concrete pump is determined by the formula

P e = P t ´ K 1 ´ K 2,

where P t is the technical performance of the concrete pump;

K 1 - coefficient of transition from technical performance to operational, K 1 = 0.4;

K 2 - coefficient of decrease in the productivity of the concrete pump, taking into account the non-constant supply mode, K 2 = 0.65.

P e = 60 ´ 0.4 ´ 0.65 = 15.6 m 3 / h.

Serves a link of two people: the driver of the concrete pumping unit 4 bits. - 1 person, concrete worker 2 dig. - 1 person

Time rate per 100 m 3 of concrete mix for workers:

(100´1) / 15.6 = 6.4 man-hours;

for the driver 100 / 15.6´1 = 6.4 machine-hours.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF THE FORMWORK OF A MONOLITHIC COVERING PLATE

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

1.1. The technological map was developed to organize the work of workers engaged in the installation and disassembly of the formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete floor slabs.

1.2. The flow chart includes the following works:

- installation of formwork;

- dismantling of the formwork.

1.3. The composition of the work considered by the technological map includes:

- slinging and supply of formwork elements (frame supports, racks, tripods, uniloks, wooden beams, plywood) to the mounting horizon;

- device of formwork under the beam;

- arrangement of formwork for a balcony slab;

- the device of the formwork for the "tooth";

- the device of the formwork under the floor;

- the device of the formwork of the end face of the floor slab;

- arrangement of temporary barriers;

- device of projectors;

- dismantling of the formwork;

- cleaning, lubrication, storage and transportation of formwork elements.

1.4. The formwork must meet the following requirements:

- strength, invariability, correctness of shape and size;

- reliable perception of vertical and horizontal loads;

- surface density (no cracks), exclusion of cement laitance leakage through it;

- the ability to provide the required quality of the concrete surface;

- the possibility of multiple use;

- manufacturability, ease of use, the ability to quickly install and disassemble.

2. Technology and organization of work

2.1. Requirements for prior work

2.1.1. Before starting the installation of the formwork, the following works must be completed:

- prepared the base for the installation of the formwork;

- the structures of columns and walls were completed, acts of their acceptance were drawn up on the basis of an executive geodetic survey;

- elements of floor formwork were delivered and stored in the assembly area of ​​the tower crane;

- the presence, marking of formwork elements was checked;

- prepared and tested mechanisms, inventory, devices, tools;

- lighting of workplaces and construction site is arranged;

- all measures have been taken to fence openings, staircases, and the perimeter of a reinforced concrete slab in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction, part 1";

- the elevation was transferred to the floor.

2.2. Work technology

Formwork installation

2.2.1. The slab formwork device begins with the supply of frame supports, telescopic racks, tripods, uniloks, wooden beams, plywood sheets to the mounting horizon, to the workplace.

2.2.2. At first, the formwork is made at a lower elevation. We begin the work with the device of the formwork for the beams.

2.2.3. In connection with the chosen formwork method, the device of a double deck, at the same time the formwork is arranged under the beam, balcony slab, "tooth".

2.2.4. The installation of the formwork begins with the installation of ID15 frame supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the slab in accordance with the placement diagram, sheets 2 and 3 of the graphic part.

Pre-set the height of the frame support (distance from the floor to the bottom of the main beam) according to the template by adjusting the screw heads and screw feet.

2.2.5. Install the main beams (wooden beam 2.9 m) on the screw heads (crown).

In accordance with cuts 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (sheet 5, 6 of the graphic part) and the layout of the beams (sheet 4 of the graphic part).

2.2.6. Install secondary beams (wooden beams 4.2 m) on the main beams at 400 mm spacing.

In the axes Г-Д / 1, Е-Ж / 7, where the "tooth" passes, if it is impossible to use a beam of 4.2 m (the distance between the clean walls in these places is 2900 mm and 2660 mm), install two paired beams 2 , 5 m.

2.2.7. Lay 18 mm thick laminated plywood sheets on the installed secondary beams. Thus, the lower deck is formed (mark +6.040). Nail the plywood to the wooden beams. For the plywood layout scheme, see sheet 4, as well as sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.8. Level the lower deck.

2.2.9. With the help of geodetic devices, bring out the lines of the edges of the concreted beam to the lower deck for the device of the vertical deck.

2.2.10. The vertical beam deck is formed from laminated plywood strips, 300 mm wide. For dimensions and layout, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

Connect the plywood strips with a 50x50 bar. The beam is also used to be able to nail to the lower deck and to the upper deck, see node A, sheet 5 of the graphic part.

For the stability of the vertical deck, arrange a brace from a 50x50 bar.

2.2.11. Install 2.5 m wooden beams on the lower deck.

Place a beam 82x82 under these beams (for climbing).

Under the balcony slab, wooden beams are positioned perpendicular to the concreted beam with a pitch of 400 mm, under the "tooth" along the concreted beam.

For the layout of wooden beams, see sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.12. Lay laminated plywood sheets on the installed wooden beams, in accordance with the layout diagram, sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.13. For the device "tooth", where the wall goes, use a bracket.

The bracket is secured with a tie.

A 100x100 bar is laid on the bracket.

Laminated plywood is attached to the timber.

For a diagram of the deck device, see section 6-6 and 7-7 sheet 7 of the graphic part.

For a diagram of the placement of brackets for forming a tooth, see sheet 2 of the graphic part.

2.2.14. Formwork device under the floor slab.

In accordance with the layout diagram (sheet 2 of the graphic part) measure with a meter and mark with chalk the places where the racks are installed.

Start by installing the outermost racks under the main beams, at a distance of 4.0 m along the letter axes.

The distance between the posts along the digital axes corresponds to the spacing of the main beams.

2.2.15. Insert the univil into the rack. Push the rack apart according to the template to the length set by the height to the main (lower) beam. Place the stand and unfasten it with a tripod.

2.2.16. Install the main beams (4,2 m wooden beams) on the installed and unfastened racks using a mounting fork. The spacing of the main beams is 1.5 m.

2.2.17. Install the secondary beams (timber beams 3.3 m) on the main beams using a mounting fork without fixing. The pitch of the secondary beams is 0.40 m.

2.2.18. Lay laminated plywood sheets on the secondary beams, close to each other so that the gaps between them are no more than 2 mm. The first plywood sheets are fed from the concrete floor, after laying at least 12 sheets, the plywood is fed to the arranged deck.

Sheets and strips of plywood along the outer perimeter are fastened with nails to the secondary beams in order to avoid overturning.

Plywood layout diagram, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.19. Plywood sheets suitable for the under-beam formwork should be laid last after the vertical beam deck has been installed.

2.2.20. For the convenience of formwork installation (as well as dismantling), cut a standard plywood sheet into pieces of 2440x610 mm.

2.2.21. In non-multiple places, it is recommended to use ordinary plywood impregnated with an emulsion for lubrication.

2.2.22. The cut points of film faced plywood become susceptible to moisture and are subject to moisture resistant treatment (melted paraffin wax, two coats of primer).

2.2.23. The deck surface must be leveled.

2.2.24. After installing the deck of the floor slab, balcony slab, "tooth", arrange a side with a height equal to the thickness of the ceiling.

The slab end formwork is performed as follows.

The line of the end of the slab is carried out, strips of plywood with a width equal to the height of the ceiling are attached to the deck along the line. In order to avoid overturning of the end, arrange a brace from a 50x50 bar.

2.2.25. Use universal fences that are attached to timber beams to create a temporary fence. Install the fence posts, with a step of not more than 1200 mm, insert the fence boards into the posts of the posts.

2.2.26. The device of the projectors. The projectors are made of film faced plywood. The size of the openings on the outer edges corresponds to the dimensions of the opening in the floor slab. The projectors are installed in the design position and nailed to the deck of the floor slab.

Individual and industrial construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings, bridges and overpasses is carried out using formwork ceilings. They are easy to install and allow the construction of buildings of various shapes and sizes in various climatic zones with an ambient temperature of +45 to -40 degrees C.

Formwork on volumetric racks

Types of slab formwork

The use of various types of formwork depends on the main technical characteristics of the object under construction - its withstand load, dimensions, floor heights:

• recommended for floors up to 5 meters high. They are the most economical of all formwork types and can be erected within a short period of time. The tripod base is reasonably stable and supports the main strut securely. Moisture-resistant plywood panels are placed on beams made of wood or metal profiles.
• Volumetric slab formwork props are erected at a height of up to 20 meters. Ease of installation is ensured by vertical posts connected with crossbars, flange and jack systems. By the method of installation, they are subdivided:

1. on wedge-shaped scaffolding - with a frame of horizontal and vertical racks, which can be installed at different angles, depending on the complexity of the work performed in different areas of construction. The scaffolding and working ladders provide the necessary level of safety for the working personnel.
2. with cup scaffolding - allowing to install up to 4 structural elements at one level.

The device of volumetric racks

The main starting post is mounted on the jack, onto which additional posts of different lengths are attached to the flanges. In the same flanges, horizontal girders are installed, fastening the formwork sections. Additional posts and crossbars of different lengths allow the construction of sectional groups of various sizes. The top of the structure is crowned with a jack with a fork, on which wooden or metal deck beams are attached.

The starting and additional posts are made of metal, which provides the necessary rigidity of the structure. It can be reinforced with additional special flanges installed one meter apart. Ease of installation is provided by one tapered end of the rack. The uniformity of the load distribution is guaranteed by the wedge clamps, which also increase the reliability and strength of the entire structure.

Specifications:

• Maximum height limit, m - 20.
• The minimum height limit, m - 1.5.
• Rack pitch, m - 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0.
• The maximum limit of the distributed load on the girder, kg - 1200.
• Allowable turnover - 100 cycles.
• The maximum turnover is 200 cycles.
• Section height, m ​​- 0.5.

The calculation of the formwork for construction depends on the total area of ​​the building being erected and the load on the axles. For ease of installation, the distance between the racks is from 1 to 3 meters in half-meter increments. The plywood sheet is selected taking into account the trimmings for fit on the installed sites.

The advantages of volumetric slab formwork props:

• Operational safety due to rigid and reliable fastening.
• The ability to move individual units without disassembling them using lifting devices.
• Ease of assembly and disassembly with universal fasteners for the entire system.
• Most effective when working at high altitudes.
• It can be used for finishing works.
• Long-term - up to a maximum of 200 cycles.
• The ability to develop individual design solutions in construction.

Manufacturers of bulkhead formwork floor formwork offer not only standard sizes of all components, but also manufacture structures for construction organizations. It is possible to purchase a ready-made set or rent it, which will significantly reduce the monetary costs of construction.

Regulatory documentation for slab formwork

Each manufacturer prepares its own internal standards for the production of structural elements. All components of the formwork must comply with the requirements related to products of hazard class 2 in accordance with GOST R 52085 - 2003, which must be confirmed by a certificate from the regional agency Rosstandart. The technological process of production is strictly regulated by the company's specialists at every stage.

When installing the structure and working at height, the safety requirements must be observed. All actions must be carried out in special protective clothing and using personal protective equipment. Employees must be familiar with the basic technical documentation and have work permits.

How to make volumetric formwork yourself

It is much more economical to make the formwork with your own hands when building a private house. But at the same time, the following nuances should be taken into account:

• Particular attention should be paid to the installation of support legs that carry the main load. Metal supports provide reliability, but working with them is a little more difficult than with wooden ones.
• Ensure the rigidity of the installation of the base. For this, the installation is carried out on a carefully prepared site - irregularities are tamped and wooden gaskets are laid along the axes.
• The longitudinal beams are attached to the uprights on metal corners using bolted connections.
• The cross beams do not need to be secured, but simply stacked on the longitudinal beams. This helps to facilitate the dismantling process after all work has been completed.
• With the help of braces, the support posts and longitudinal beams are fixed.
• Plywood should be laid tightly to each other, carefully watching the joints, which should be strictly on the floor beam.
• The most optimal distance between the posts is 1.5 meters.
• The alignment of the entire structure is carried out using a level or a level and a plumb line.
• Installation of each subsequent tier should be carried out after carefully fixing and checking the previous one.

For the manufacture of formwork, you can use the available lumber, but they must not be rotten and thoroughly dried from coniferous wood. The bars of the racks must have a cross section of at least 12 * 12 cm, and the beam 16 * 16 cm.

Dismantling the formwork

Dismantling work depends on the drying time of the concrete or the completion of the necessary finishing activities. In hot summer weather, the formwork can be removed after 3 - 4 days. All work is carried out in the reverse order that was carried out during assembly. The formwork can then be reused. For this, all elements should be labeled, sorted and cleaned from all contaminants.

Installation and dismantling of volumetric slab formwork is a rather troublesome and complicated matter. The utmost attention and concentration is required during assembly, on which the life and health of workers can depend. But with some knowledge of the technology and the required materials, it is possible to carry out all the required work on its own in the planned time frame.

GOSSTROY USSR

CENTRAL RESEARCH
AND DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL
INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION
(TsNIIOMTP)

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK
WALLS AND COVERINGS

The album contains a technological map for the production of formwork during the construction of monolithic walls and ceilings of a typical floor using the example of a 16-storey building in Leningrad.

The technological map is intended for engineering and technical workers of construction organizations.

The technological map was developed by employees of TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Ph.D. B.V. Zhadanovsky, N.I. Evdokimov, L.A. Zueva, Yu.A. Yarymov, etc.).

The technological map is intended to determine the technical and economic indicators of the erection of monolithic structures at the design stage, as well as for a comparative technical and economic assessment of the structural and technological solutions of residential buildings in normal construction conditions.

Technical and economic indicators (labor costs, wages and output per worker per shift) are compiled for formwork when constructing walls and floors of different thicknesses using large-panel formwork for walls or small-panel and large-panel formwork for floors based on the developed technological maps for a 16-storey (typical project 1-528KP-82-1v) houses in Leningrad.

All indicators determined according to the current ENiR for the conditions of erection of buildings with a height of 50 m are recalculated for buildings of a different number of storeys using coefficients that take into account the change in the labor intensity of work.

When developing the map, the most characteristic monolithic structures were selected, therefore the data presented can be used to develop a technology for the production of work in the construction of buildings of various architectural, planning and design solutions.

MOUNTING AND DISMANTLING OF WALL AND COVERING FORMWORKS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1... The technological map was developed for the production of formwork during the construction of monolithic walls and ceilings of a typical floor using the example of a residential 16-storey building in Leningrad.

1.2... The composition of the works considered by the map includes: enlargement of formwork panels; delivery of the formwork to the installation site; installation of formwork; dismantling of the formwork.

1.3... The work is carried out in 2 shifts.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1... Before the installation of large-panel formwork, the following work must be performed: breakdown of the axes of the walls; leveling the surface of the floors; checking the completeness of the delivered formwork; enlarged assembly of panels; cleaning the floor from debris.

2.2... The elements of the large-panel formwork are transported in the following positions:

modular panels - by size in a horizontal position, 10 - 15 pcs. on wooden pads;

brackets, railings, ties - in a special wooden container;

small units and details - also in wooden containers.

2.3... The elements of the large-panel formwork that arrived at the construction site are placed in the crane's operating area.

2.4... The wall formwork is installed in two stages: first, the formwork is mounted on one side of the wall to the entire height of the floor, and after the reinforcement is installed, on the second side.

2.5... Small-panel formwork on telescopic racks and large-panel formwork were used for the construction of floors.

2.6... The finished formwork is checked and accepted by the foreman or the contractor. Upon acceptance, the following are subject to mandatory verification: conformity of the shape and geometrical dimensions to the working drawings; the coincidence of the axes of the formwork with the center axes of the structures; the accuracy of the marks of the individual formwork planes; vertical and horizontal formwork panels; correct installation of embedded parts and wooden plugs; the density of the docking of the shields.

The correctness of the position of the vertical planes is verified with a plumb line, and horizontality - with a level or level.

Deviations in the dimensions and position of the formwork elements should not exceed the tolerances specified in SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures".

riggers 2 bit - 2