Message on the theme of fires and explosions. The consequences of fires and explosions. Brief characteristic and classification of fire-hazardous objects

Examination Grade 8

Fires and explosions

1. The belt is characterized next features:
a) high speed of chemical transformation;
b) a large number of gaseous products;
c) a sharp increase in temperature;
d) a strong sound effect (roar, loud noise, noise, strong cotton);
e) a powerful crushing action.
Find the error in the examples given.

2. The greatest destruction of products of the explosion and shock ox. Noah are subjected to buildings and structures. Destruction is divided into:
a) small;
b) weak;
c) average;
d) large;
e) strong;
e) Full.

Find errors in the examples.

3. Among those listed below agrowing factors Specify those that are characteristic of the explosion:
but) heat;
b) fragmentation fields;
c) a breakthrough wave;
d) strong area gas supply;
e) shock wave.

4. Carefully read the conditions of the task and by the described destruction determine the type of destruction:
a) as a result of an explosion in one of production buildings The partitions, roof, windows and doors are destroyed. In the outer walls, cracks appeared, pipelines damaged, electrical circular. The floors of the building are not destroyed. The building can be restored after overhaul;
b) as a result of an explosion pumping station On the pumping of petroleum products, overlapping is collapsed. The destruction of the pipeline and the electrocabyl should be destroyed, other equipment. Equipment recovery is not subject to.

5. The combustion process takes place when following conditions:

a) the presence of a combustible substance;
b) the presence of an oxidant;
c) the presence of conditions for heat exchange;
d) the presence of a source of ignition. Find the error in the examples given.

6. In which of the listed examples, conditions may be created for the occurrence of the combustion process:
a) gasoline + oxygen;
b) Fabric, moistened in nitric acid + glowing cigarette
c) rake + air oxygen + flame burner;
d) tree + air oxygen + torch;
e) acetone + air oxygen + spark from lighter.

7. Determine by external signs From the examples given fire type:
a) from the windows of the building goes smoke, fire is not visible;
b) from the windows of the building goes smoke, a flame is visible;
c) the stack of timber on the open platform is burning;
d) from the windows of the building goes a small smoke, inside the building of the fire is not visible, but the concentration of smoke is very high;
e) from the windows of the building goes smoke, furniture is burning inside the building

8. Among the affected factors listed below, specify those that are characteristic of fire:
a) open fire;
b) the destruction of buildings and defeat people due to the displacement of the surface layers of the Earth;
c) intensive radiation of gamma rays, striking people; d) toxic combustion products affecting human respiration organs;
e) the formation of an infected air cloud.

9. What conditions contribute to the spread of the starting fire? Select from the answers the correct:
a) incorrect actions of people on fire extinguishing; b) cluster various means fire extinguishing at the focus of sunbathing;
c) the absence or malfunction of fire extinguishing; d) cluster large number combustible substances and materials;
e) the presence of various openings creating the possibility of spreading the flame;
e) the absence of natural lighting;
g) lack of openings (window, door) to remove combustion products;
h) late detection of the emerged fire and the message about it in fire protection;
and) the absence of a sufficient amount of air oxygen.

10. How do you do if you see that small children are burned in the courtyard in the courtyard and throw paper, plastic packaging and spray plasters into the fire? Name the correct answer:
a) Stop and explain to them that it is dangerous; b) go past;
c) try to occupy them with something else; d) Sleep the fire.

.‚ 12. How do you do if clothes caught fire? Name the correct answer:
a) beat and try to break clothes;
b) stop, fall and ride, knocking down the flame;
b) Complete in a blanket or wrapped with a dense cloth.

13. Being on the disco, you heard a fire message in neighted room And the need for evacuation to the street. During the movement along the corridor, you saw ahead of 20 meters from myself, as the partition was burned and the fire shaft was coming on you. Choose your options from the proposed options. next steps And determine their sequence:
a) beat in opposite side (back);
b) to hold the breath until the fiery shaft breaks; c) fall down;
d) seeing the fire extinguisher, use it to extinguish the flame;
e) Close the head of the clothes (jacket);
e) sue the inner fire crane and try to smear the fire with it;
g) suck the window and break it to jump out out;
h) Hide behind the protrusion of the column.

The explosion is a combustion reaction at which the heat release rate exceeds its scattering speed. In other words, an explosion is a sudden formation of a large amount of heat when burning. The explosion leads to the formation of a strongly heated gas with very high pressurewhich at instant destruction has a mechanical impact on the surrounding items. The explosions occur as a result of the release of chemical, electromagnetic, mechanical energies and power of compressed gases. The bomb explosion is most often explosive at explosive objects.

Fire classifications: Separate fires - fires in a separate building or structure. Such fires are dispersed in the area, and there is an opportunity fast organization their extinguishing. Mass fires are a set of separate fires that have covered more than 25% of buildings in this area of \u200b\u200bdevelopment. On the territory of the emergence of a mass fire is impossible to pass or find the relevant units without carrying out activities for localization or fire extinguishing. Fire storm is a special form of fire spread, which has embraced more than 90% of buildings. It is characterized by the presence of a rising upward post of combustion products (smoke) and heated air, as well as an influx from all sides to the boundaries of the storm fresh air with hurricane speed. You can save only by urgently leaving a dangerous zone at the first signs of a fire.

The space covered by the fire area of \u200b\u200bactive burning is the zone in which the fire occurred and the flame is spread. The zone of smoke is space adjacent to the burning area, in which it is possible to distribute combustion products. The heat exposure zone is the space around the combustion zone, in which the temperature reaches the values \u200b\u200bthat cause the destructive impact on the surrounding items and is dangerous for a person.

Fire prevention Remember: the fire is easier to prevent than to repay. For timely prevention of fires, it is necessary to remember the rules fire safety. They are simple: Keep in good switches, power outlets of the power supply system and the plug of electrical appliances, not allow water to enter the power supply. Do not overload the power grid. Do not leave electric heating devices unattended. Leaving the house or apartment, turn off the light, electrical appliances. It is advisable to de-energize the dwellings completely. Do not allow children to play with matches and other flammable items, light gas, breed fires near buildings and cars. Check out the evacuation plan of the institution in which you are.

Fire actions: Take an attempt to independent fire existing means; Report happened in the Ministry of Emergency Situations (101, 01, 112); If in public building The alarm sounded, immediately leave the building according to the evacuation plan; If clothes caught fire, do not run, but try to extinguish the flame by riding, felting on the floor, to lie down with water, the earth; Leave the fire zone in the windward side; Passing through the last minute premises, cover with a wet cloth. Keep self-control, do not give in to panic.