What to do in case of fire. How to act if you suspect a fire. If smoke and flames from a fire in adjacent rooms do not allow you to go outside

MAN IS BURNING

Most often this happens in the kitchen during careless handling of fire and in car accidents, but it is possible in any most unexpected situation.
Remember, in the kitchen you cannot wear clothes made of synthetic materials (nylon, nylon, etc.)

YOUR ACTIONS

1. If a person's clothes are on fire, it is necessary to extinguish the fire as soon as possible. And it is quite difficult to do this, since from the pain a person loses control over himself and begins to rush, thereby fanning the flame. First of all, a burning person must be stopped in any way. Some are affected by a formidable shout: "Stop!"

2. Tear off or extinguish ignited clothing by flooding with water or by throwing snow in winter. In the absence of water, throw any clothing or thick cloth over the victim without covering his head so that he does not burn the respiratory tract and does not get poisoned by toxic combustion products. But keep in mind: the longer and tighter the smoldering clothes are pressed against the skin, the more destructive the heat is on the skin. If nothing is at hand, roll the burning person on the ground to bring down the flames.

3. After extinguishing the flame, take the victim to fresh air, cut the smoldering cloth and remove it, taking care not to damage the burned surface.

4. Apply a bandage or clean cloth to the affected area. In case of extensive burns, wrap the victim in a clean sheet, urgently call an ambulance or take him to the nearest medical institution on a stretcher.

5. If there is no vomiting, give him plenty of drink. Give an aspirin, analgin, or baralgin tablet to relieve pain.

6. Remember: for first-degree burns (when the skin has just turned red), cold water, ice, snow are used to reduce pain and prevent tissue swelling for ten minutes, then smear the affected area with vodka or cologne, but do not apply a bandage. Several times a day, they are treated with anti-burn aerosols or a thin layer of synthomycin ointment is applied, which should always be at hand in your home medicine cabinet. In case of second-degree burns (when bubbles formed and some of them burst), you should not treat the affected areas with vodka or cologne, as this will cause severe pain and burning. Apply a sterile bandage or ironed cloth to the burn area. Burned skin should not be lubricated with grease, greenery, potassium permanganate. This does not bring relief, but only makes it difficult for the doctor to determine the degree of tissue damage. Lotions from urine help well - an old and trouble-free remedy.

7. If you attempt to self-immolate, call the police.

FIRE IN THE APARTMENT

Unattended children play with matches and electrical appliances;

Smoking in bed, especially in drunk;

Careless handling of fire (heating paints, mastics, drying clothes over the stove, etc.);

Placing electrical appliances and lamps close to curtains, wallpaper and wooden structures;

Simultaneous connection to one outlet of a large number of electrical appliances (do not get carried away with tees, since the total power of the wiring is designed for 1.5 kW);

Short circuit of electrical wires (if wet, twisted, nailed or glued with wallpaper);

Using gasoline and solvents for cleaning clothes;

If you cover a table lamp with newspaper or cloth.

If you do not cope with the fire in a few seconds, then its spread will lead to a large fire.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately call the fire department yourself or through your neighbors. Report the fire to the neighbors on the floor, ask them to take children and the elderly to a safe place, and also warn the residents of other floors about the fire.

2. Without waiting for the arrival of firefighters, start with the help of neighbors to extinguish the fire with improvised means (fire extinguisher, thick wet cloth, water from internal fire hydrants on stairwells). staircase in the dashboard). Remember: it is ineffective to extinguish flammable liquids with water. It is best to use a fire extinguisher, and in the absence of one, a wet cloth, sand, even earth from flower pot... Do not open windows and doors to avoid air flow to the fire, do not break glass. But if you need to open or knock out the door to a burning room, cover your face with your hands, stand to the side of doorway so that you do not get burned by the escaping flame.

3. If it is not possible to eliminate the fire source on your own, leave the apartment immediately, closing the door tightly behind you. With the help of neighbors, pour water on the door to prevent the spread of fire across the site. Arrange a meeting of fire departments, indicate the source of the fire and inform about the presence of people in the burning apartment. If it is impossible to evacuate from the apartment through the flights of stairs, use the balcony fire escape, and if it is not there, then go out onto the balcony, close the door tightly behind you and, by shouting or in any other way, attract the attention of passers-by and firefighters. Do not try to move to the adjacent balcony on your own - it is dangerous!

KITCHEN FIRE

It is dangerous to store flammable substances in the kitchen, especially in open containers.

Curtains, wooden cabinets and shelves, etc., must be on safe distance from the stove.

Food left unattended can extinguish gas burner, which will lead to an explosion and fire.

Edible oils ignite spontaneously at temperatures around 450 degrees C.

In no case should you pour burning oil into the sink or fill it with water - you risk causing a fire to spread throughout the kitchen.

When the coil overheats in the electric stove, it is short-circuited, and the furniture in the kitchen ignites from sparks and splashes of molten metal.

Heating mastic, paraffin, etc. on the stove inevitably leads to the ignition of the vapors of these substances and a fire.

Extinguishing with water when an electric stove is on is dangerous.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. If oil catches fire (in a saucepan, in a frying pan), if possible, shut off the gas and electricity supplies. Cover the skillet or pot with a lid, a wet rag, to extinguish the flame, and let it sit until the oil cools down (otherwise the fire will re-ignite).

2. Put a rag made of rough cloth (it should always be in the kitchen) over your hands, protecting them from fire. Then, in order to block the access of air to the fire, carefully, not letting the rag touch the oil, lower it on the burning vessel in an unfolded form.

3. If burning oil or grease gets on the floor or walls, use any detergent (such as powder fire extinguisher), filling them with fire.

4. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire, immediately inform fire brigade, warn the neighbors. Close the kitchen door and water it with water to prevent the spread of the fire throughout the apartment.

TV ON

TV operation for a long time without supervision.

Hit various subjects into the holes in the back wall (usually during children's games).

Using a faulty TV (strong hum, burning smell, smoke)

Installing the TV near a radiator or in furniture wall, i.e. violation natural ventilation.

Power supply of the TV without a stabilizer from a network with a "floating" voltage relative to the nominal.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. If any abnormality occurs on the TV, turn it off immediately and contact the TV service. Until the arrival of the technician, do not try to turn on the TV again and do not entrust its repair to random persons. Do not let children touch or turn it on (a defective TV may light up in 1-2 minutes after being turned on again).

2. If you smell smoke, turn off the power to the TV - unplug it. If access to the outlet is no longer possible, turn off the machine in the electrical panel. Be sure to call the fire department, as the fire spreads quickly and you may not be able to cope with it yourself; call your neighbors for help.

3. If, after disconnecting from the power, the combustion does not stop, then pour water on the TV through the hole in the back wall, while being on the side of the device. Cover the flame thick cloth or cover with washing powder. To avoid poisoning by combustion products, breathe through a damp towel. Immediately remove from the room people who are not involved in extinguishing, especially children and the elderly.

4. After extinguishing the fire, even before the firefighters arrive, ventilate the room, but do not touch anything so that the firefighters can determine the cause of the fire and give you their conclusion. After that, call the technician of the TV studio for repair, as well as the representative of the insurance company to draw up a statement of damages.

IF A NEW YEAR TREE FLASHES OUT

If you want to have fun and without incident to meet New Year:

Install the tree on a stable base and so that the branches do not touch the walls, ceiling and are at a safe distance from electrical appliances and household stoves.

Place the tree trunk in a bucket of wet sand and moisten it as it dries.

If the tree is dry, throw it away, because it might burst into flames like a torch.

Do not light candles, sparklers, and homemade electric garlands on the tree, do not point firecrackers in its direction; remember - especially dangerous on the Christmas tree is the golden-silver rain from aluminum foil(even factory-made), which can close the electric garland if the bulb holder falls out of the socket; do not forget - children can be at the Christmas tree with the turned on garland only in the presence of adults: turn it off if you leave the room.

Put a few bags of sand or a container of water, an old blanket next to the tree and prepare an electric flashlight.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. When the garland lights up, immediately unplug the power plug from the socket (it should be in a convenient place and in plain sight) or turn off the circuit breakers in the switchboard. Call the fire brigade yourself or with the help of neighbors, remove the children from the apartment. Drop the tree to the floor so that the flame does not rise up (wallpaper and curtains may catch fire), throw blankets over it, throw sand on the fire or fill it with water (if it is a living tree).

2. A synthetic tree burns very quickly, while its material melts and spreads, releasing toxic substances (carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid and phosgene) during combustion. It is dangerous to extinguish burning polymers with water due to the possible spread of sparks and molten mass. Do not touch the burning tree with your bare hands, throw a thick blanket over it and cover it with sand.

3. Before the firefighters arrive, try to extinguish the fire with sand and water, or at least prevent the spread of fire by throwing a thick wet cloth or blanket over burning things. As in other cases of a fire in an apartment, do not open windows and doors, otherwise the draft will further fan the flame. If it is impossible to extinguish the fire, close the door to the outside of the burning room and water it with water. Inform your neighbors about the fire and, if necessary, take people outside.

4. In places where children congregate on massive Christmas trees, in order to avoid victims during a crush, it is necessary to provide for actions to prevent panic. Therefore, the duty of firefighters or members of the voluntary fire brigade (DPD) at such events is mandatory.

BALCONY FIRE

Balconies should not be cluttered with unnecessary things, old furniture, waste paper and other items that can serve as food for fire.

Store cleaning agents, flammable substances and aerosols in metal or wooden boxes covered with tight lids or non-combustible materials.

Keep fire hatches and ladders always free, demand the same from the neighbors below - this will save your life during a fire.

Remember - a glazed balcony is a trap for fire and smoke in case of fire. It can make it difficult for you to move to lower floors.

Keep the door to the balcony closed so that young children cannot indulge in fire there in your absence (make an additional lock on the door, inaccessible to children).

Keep sand on the balcony at all times (in a bucket of Christmas tree or easy-to-open bags).

If you smoke on the balcony, put out cigarette butts in a metal can of water so that the wind does not carry sparks, ask the neighbors upstairs to follow your example.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. If you smell smoke, immediately call the fire department, notify your neighbors and call them for help. Extinguish the fire by any means at hand, as the fire in such cases quickly spreads to the apartments of the upper floors and the safety of many people is threatened. After making sure that there are no people or cars under the balcony, you can throw the lit things down, after notifying passers-by.

2. If you cannot cope with the fire yourself before the arrival of the firefighters, tightly close the door to the balcony and the vents so that the fire does not spread into the room, and take people who are not extinguishing them out of the apartment to the site. With the help of your neighbors, remove valuables from the apartment that can be damaged by water and foam when extinguishing a fire. Do not stand close to the window, as the red-hot glass will burst when it gets on it and you risk getting injured or burned.

FIRE IN THE ENTRANCE

Fight the flames yourself without calling the firefighters. If you do not extinguish the fire in a few minutes, its spread will most likely lead to a large fire.

Trying to get out through a smoky long corridor or flights of stairs (smoke is very toxic and hot gases can burn your lungs).

Go down downpipes or from windows with sheets and ropes (falling is almost always inevitable).

Jump out of the window (starting from the fourth floor, every second jump is fatal).

To hammer in tightly, to clutter up with furniture and household property evacuation doors, hatches on balconies (loggias), transitions to adjacent sections and exits to fire escapes. Leaving and closing blinds and openings of air zones in smoke-free staircases, opening and removing fire detectors installed in apartments - this will complicate the timely detection of a fire.

Forget that the main enemy for you is not fire, but smoke, which blinds and strangles.

Give in to panic.

Insure yourself and your property against fire - it's in your best interest.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. You must immediately call the fire brigade, notify your neighbors and go out onto the stairs with them, taking buckets of water with you, a thick cloth, and fire extinguishers.

2. If possible, identify the place of combustion (apartment, mailboxes, garbage chute, elevator, etc.) and what is burning (electrical wiring, garbage, paper, flammable liquids, etc.) doors to prevent smoke from spreading into apartments. Remember that fire and smoke in the stairwell only spreads from the bottom to the top. Try with your neighbors to localize the fire at the very beginning. Extinguish not the fire, but what is burning, use fire hydrants with sleeves on the site or improvised means for this, not forgetting about the safety of people. If it is not possible to put out the fire before the firefighters arrive, notify the residents of the house and, without causing panic, take the children and the elderly out into the street, going down flights of stairs or balcony fire escapes. When passing through smoky areas, try to overcome them by holding your breath or covering your mouth and nose with a damp handkerchief or towel. If you don't have water on hand, dampen a cloth with your own urine. Remember, it is dangerous to use an elevator to evacuate people in the event of a fire.

3. If people get stuck in the elevator, call the GREP dispatcher by phone or a messenger and call the elevator mechanic. To put things in order and prevent possible attempts at theft from the apartments left by the residents, call the police; before she arrives, ask the neighbors to look after the things that the residents have taken outside.

4. If, due to strong fire or smoke, it is impossible to use the stairs, then stay in the apartment. A closed and well-sealed door protects you from high temperature and smoke. In order not to be poisoned by combustion products, close the door slits and ventilation openings with wet towels, blankets, etc. If smoke has already entered the apartment, keep close to the floor: there is always fresh air. When firefighters arrive, grab their attention - open a window and call for help. You can also hide from the fire on the balcony (loggia), while closing behind you balcony door, or in the bathroom, pouring water on the door from the inside.

5. In a smoky room, never use a regular gas mask - it does not protect against smoke.

FIRE IN THE ELEVATOR CABIN

Lost matches, cigarette butts thrown on the floor or in a mine, where there is always debris and lubricating oils.

Short circuit in the wiring.

Children play with fire.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. At the first signs of fire in the cabin or mine, immediately inform the GREP dispatcher about it by pressing the "CALL" button in the cabin. If the elevator is moving, do not stop it yourself, but wait until it stops. After leaving the cab, block the doors with the first object that comes across so that no one can call the elevator again and be trapped. Ask your neighbors to call fire department and help you extinguish the fire, if possible. When extinguishing a fire, do not enter the cab, as it can spontaneously move due to the short circuit of the burning wires. The cabin is energized, therefore it is dangerous to extinguish the fire with water - use a thick dry cloth, carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguisher (read the instructions on the extinguisher), dry sand.

2. If, as a result of a short circuit of wires, the elevator stops between floors, and the fire source is outside the car and it is impossible to extinguish it, shout, knock on the walls of the car, call for help. Try using an umbrella, keys or other objects to move automatic doors lift and get out, calling for help from neighbors. In elevators with non-automatic doors, you can open the door from the inside and press the lever with a roller in outer door floor and open it from the inside. Be very careful when exiting the elevator: don't fall into the shaft.

3. If it is impossible to get out of the elevator on your own before the arrival of help, close your nose and mouth with a handkerchief, a sleeve of clothing, moisten it with water, milk, even urine, keep self-control and calmness.

FIRE IN STOREROOM, BASEMENT OR ATTIC OF A HOUSE

Children play with fire, smoking.

The use of matches, candles by residents when inspecting pantries and attics.

Short circuit of electrical wires when wet as a result of roof leaks or basements flooding with water.

Improper storage and careless handling of flammable liquids, aerosol containers; littering pantries with unnecessary things, waste paper.

Warming with open fire ( blowtorch, torch) frozen pipes, carrying out repair welding works without taking security measures.

Living in utility rooms persons without a fixed abode, especially at night.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately call the fire brigade, notify your neighbors and work with them to prevent the fire from spreading, using fire hydrants with sleeves (on sites) and improvised means. 80% of those injured in the fire suffocate from the smoke and toxic substances released during the combustion, so when the storerooms and basements catch fire, do not try to break through the smoky stairs to the street. If you are not busy extinguishing, stay in the apartment until the firefighters arrive, shouting and waving bright fabrics, attract the attention of passers-by from the window or balcony.

2. If the door of the basement or attic is locked, call or from the elevator car with the GREP dispatch center to call a technician-supervisor with the keys or break the door yourself. Turn on the smoke exhaust system at the entrance to create an air supply that keeps fire from spreading through the floors. Do not break windows on the landing so that the draft does not fan the flames.

3. If you find the persons responsible for the fire, with the help of your neighbors, detain them and call the police.

FIRE IN NEIGHBORHOOD

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Notify the fire brigade and the police, notify the neighbors and together with them go to the place of the fire, taking with you a first aid kit and improvised extinguishing means (fire extinguisher, shovel, bucket, etc.), blanket or tarpaulin.

2. Don't waste time locating the fire and putting it out. Remember: the main thing is to save people.

3. Help the tenants get out of the burning house. When rescuing people jumping through windows, collect 6-8 people ( better than men), unfold a large, sturdy blanket, grip the edges firmly, and walk up to the wall of the house. At your command, the rescued person should jump down. Use this method only when rescuing people from floors no higher than sixth, as otherwise they can be seriously injured. Convincing people not to come down from windows and balconies on their own is dangerous. Provide first aid to the injured, call " Ambulance", keep children away from the fire.

4. Hearing cries for help from apartments, break down doors, take people out, try to prevent the spread of fire. Inform firefighters about the possible presence of people in the fire-cut apartments on the upper floors. Organize watching the windows and balconies of the burning house. If you see people in the house, inform the firefighters immediately.

5. After extinguishing the fire, if necessary, place the injured people in apartments and provide all possible assistance.

FIRE IN YARD

Do not make bonfires in the yard to burn old furniture, containers, garbage, fallen leaves, poplar fluff.
If it is impossible to remove garbage, burn it in a specially prepared place: open, free of grass, prepare fire extinguishers, sand, watering hoses.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately call the fire brigade and the police to report the incident. Together with your neighbors, try to localize the fire source, prevent the fire from spreading to wooden buildings and cars. If there are no car owners, move to a safe distance if possible and water to cool with water to avoid fuel tank explosion.

2. Use watering hoses, buckets of water, sand, fire extinguishers for extinguishing, but remember that watering burning coal and flammable liquids is ineffective. Take children away from the fire, do not forget about your safety.

3. Clear the inner courtyard roads for the passage of fire trucks, do not allow panic. Ask residents to close windows and doors, vents, remove linen from balconies. After extinguishing the fire, clean and tidy up the area with your neighbors.

CHILDREN BURNING BIRDS AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Call fire brigade and police immediately.

2. With the help of neighbors and passers-by, detain children until the arrival of police officers or parents. Put out the fire with the help of available tools. Be careful! There may be flammable or explosive objects in or near the fire (paint, aerosol, aerosol cans, gasoline, explosives, etc.).

3. If you find suspicious objects that may explode, immediately take people to a safe distance and do not let anyone near the fire; report your suspicions to firefighters and police.

CAR ON

Be careful! The smell of gasoline or burnt rubber in the cab, the appearance of smoke from under the hood are factors preceding a fire and a fire.

Careless smoking in the cabin, especially while driving.
Short circuit of the on-board power supply.
Leakage of fuel (oil) and getting it on the heated surfaces of the engine.
Careless handling of fire during electric and gas repair works.
Storing plastic cans of gasoline in the trunk, causing static build-up, arcing and explosion.
Rollover or severe deformation of the vehicle as a result of an accident.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately report the fire to the fire department or ask passers-by or drivers of passing cars to do so and try to extinguish the fire with them.

2. When extinguishing fuel spilled under the car, use a fire extinguisher, blowing foam or powder from the edge to the center of the fire.

3. When extinguishing a fire under the hood, gradually and carefully open it - preferably from the side with a stick or a pry bar, as this may throw out a flame. Aim the fire extinguisher at the center of the most intense combustion or cover the flame with a tarpaulin, cover it with sand, loose earth, snow, fill it with water. Do not start extinguishing if you are in oiled clothing or your hands are wet with gasoline - this is dangerous! If it is not possible to quickly extinguish the fire, move away from the machine to a safe distance - the fuel tank may explode. Never get into a burning2 car or try to start it. There must be no people within the radius of the danger zone - at least 10 m.

4. Water nearby parked cars so that the fire does not spread to them, or roll them aside with the help of passers-by or drivers (manually or in tow). If there is a person in the cabin of a burning car, and the doors are jammed or injured, then break the doors or knock out the glass (with a crowbar, stone , even with your feet). Get the victim out of the car, call an ambulance and provide first aid or send him to the first aid station on the first car you stopped, remembering or writing down its number.

5. After the elimination of the fire, report the incident to the nearest traffic police department or to the police; organize security of the car at the scene of the accident; write down the names and addresses of the witnesses to the incident.

FIRE IN GARAGE

Careless handling of fire.
Careless smoking in the garage.
Making fires near the garage for burning garbage.
Improper storage of fuels and lubricants, oil rags, etc.
Malfunction of the vehicle's electrical equipment or electrical network garage.
Violation of the rules for using electric and gas welding equipment.
Water or fuel ingress on electrical wiring causing a short circuit when the engine overheats.
Deliberate arson.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately inform the fire brigade and call for help from neighbors and passers-by. Try to work with them to roll the car out of the garage by hand, as the engine may not start and you run the risk of suffocation from the smoke. Check if there are people left in the garage, help them get out of there.

2. Do not let the fire spread to other garages, get close to cans of gasoline or gas cylinders - an explosion is possible. Use fire extinguishers from neighboring garages, sand, snow, water, and improvised means to extinguish. If there are victims, give them first aid, call an ambulance and the police.

3. If your garage is insured, take the opinion of the firefighters on the causes of the fire for subsequent compensation for the damage caused.

Article 46 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

"- set in the amount ... up to one thousand times the minimum wage ..."

FIRE IN THE COTTAGE OR GARDEN AREA

Making fires near summer cottages.
Littering up the territory with building materials and combustible substances.
Careless storage of flammable and combustible substances.
Refueling of kerosene stoves and kerosene stoves with gasoline.
Application for lighting open flames (candles, torches).
Games with fire of children left unattended.
Drinking smoking.
The use of self-made power grids and electric heating devices, leading to a short circuit and fire of the wire insulation.
Violation of the rules for burning stoves (using gasoline, diesel fuel and other flammable liquids to ignite stoves, or a firebox with open doors).
Storage in attics near chimneys of flammable substances and household gas cylinders.
Use of ceramic, asbestos and metal pipes as chimneys.
Installing homemade umbrellas and reflectors on them.
Drying firewood and clothes on or near ovens.
Gas equipment malfunction.
Lack of lightning rod.
Intentional arson to cover up the theft, out of envy, revenge.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately notify residents of nearby houses by shouting and striking the rail, bell. Report the fire by telephone or messenger to the nearest fire department and volunteer fire brigade.

2. Check if there are people in the house, save them from the fire. Be careful - gas cylinders may explode or overlap collapses! When rescuing people, tie a rope around (for belaying outside and orienting in smoke), cover your mouth and nose with a wet handkerchief or cloth and breathe through it, arm yourself with a crowbar or ax to break open the doors.

3. Use fire extinguishers, buckets of water, sand, snow to extinguish the fire. To prevent the spread of fire to other buildings, cool them with water; Destroy walls with hooks or crowbars, pull away burning logs and boards. Ask neighbors not involved in extinguishing to watch neighboring houses (sparks may hit the roofs, roofing materials); take the children away.

4. If a fire caught you in the house and there is no way to go out, try to go down to the basement or cellar, tightly close the door and cracks with clothes to prevent smoke from entering (the cellar will protect you from fire and falling structures). After extinguishing a fire, attract the attention of the firefighters by knocking or shouting.

5. Prior to the arrival of firefighters, inform them about the possible presence of people in the burning house; on the presence and location of gas cylinders, flammable liquids, fire reservoirs, hydrants, etc.

ARTICLE 167 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY

"... committed by arson, explosion, or in any other generally dangerous way, or entailing the death of a person by negligence or other grave consequences, are punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to five years."

FIRE IN PUBLIC AREAS

Panic (unaccountable fear) is a psychological condition caused by threatening exposure external conditions and expressed in a sense of acute fear that grips a person or many people, uncontrollably and uncontrollably striving to avoid a dangerous situation. Panic can arise even when there is no real threat, and people still succumb to mass psychosis. At the same time, for many, consciousness is dulled, the ability to correctly perceive and assess the situation is lost. Panic reactions in children, women and the elderly are manifested in the form of strong relaxation, lethargy of actions, general lethargy, up to an extreme degree - complete immobility, when a person is physically unable to act, to execute commands. The rest of the people, as a rule, move chaotically, trying to leave the danger zone as soon as possible, accumulate at the exits and clog them. Many of the running people, in principle, are capable of an objective assessment of the situation and reasonable actions, however, experiencing unaccountable fear and infecting others with it, they themselves impede their own evacuation. That is why it is important in this situation to find someone who can take over the leadership of the panic-stricken people.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Entering any public place, try to remember your path; pay attention to the location of the main and emergency exits; do not lose orientation; hold the children by the hand.

2. When you hear the cries of "Fire!", Remain calm and self-control and urge people around you, especially women, to do so. Assess the situation, make sure that there is a real danger (perhaps someone wants to attract the attention of people with this cry).

3. Standing still, take a close look around; when you see a phone or a call button for the fire department, report the fire (do not assume that someone will do it for you) and begin to calmly move to the nearest exit. If it is possible to cope with a fire, immediately notify others about it, extinguish the fire, attracting people nearby to help, using improvised and special means.

4. When the room is filled with smoke or there is no lighting, try to walk towards the exit, holding onto the walls and handrails, breathe through a handkerchief or sleeve of clothing, lead the children in front of you, holding them by the shoulders.

5. In any situation, keep your self-control and composure, calming others with your behavior, and do not let panic escalate. Take the lead in saving people! Moving in the crowd, let children, women and the elderly pass forward, together hold back the distraught people. Help those who are shackled by fear and cannot move; to revive them, slap them in the face, speak calmly and clearly, support their hands.

6. Once in a crush, bend your elbows and press them to your sides, clenching your fists; protect your sides from crushing. Lean your body back with your legs in front and try to control the pressure with your back, freeing up space in front and slowly moving as far as possible. Help the knocked down people get up. If you are knocked down, try to kneel down and, leaning on the floor with your hands, push off sharply with the other hand and jerk your body straight. Shield the children with their backs or sit them on your shoulders.

7. If you are in a multi-storey building, do not try to use the elevators, go down the stairs; resist the urge to jump out the window with great height... If it is impossible to get out, retreat to the unoccupied premises and wait for the help of the firemen there.

8. After getting out of the building, help the victims of panic, move them to fresh air, unbutton their clothes and call an ambulance.

FIRE IN BUS, TRAM OR TROLLEYBUS

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately report the fire to the driver and passengers; demand to stop and open the doors (or press the emergency door opener button). Try to use a fire extinguisher in the cabin and other available means to extinguish the fire. Be careful! In trolleybuses and trams, metal parts can become energized as a result of breaking the protective insulation of the wires.

2. When locking the doors, use the escape hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows for evacuation (open according to the instructions on them). If necessary, while hanging on the handrails, knock out the glass with both feet. Save the children and the elderly first. Do not panic, follow all instructions from the driver.

3. In any transport there are materials that emit poisonous gases during combustion, so leave the salon quickly, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve. After getting out of the passenger compartment, move away, as fuel tanks may explode and the high-voltage network may short-circuit.

4. Immediately report the fire to the fire department through the drivers of passing cars or by phone and provide all possible assistance to the injured.

5. Call the police and an ambulance.

FIRE IN THE SUBWAY CAR

YOUR ACTIONS

2. Stay in place while the train moves through the tunnel. After arriving at the station and opening the doors, let the children and the elderly go ahead, then leave yourself, keeping your self-control and calmness. Check if there is anyone left in the carriage, help these people to leave it. Immediately report the fire to the station attendant and escalator. Help metro workers by using fire extinguishers and others to extinguish fire-fighting equipment available at the station.

3. If an open fire appears in the car while driving, try to extinguish it using fire extinguishers under the seats or improvised means. If possible, go to the unoccupied part of the carriage (preferably forward) and restrain the spread of the fire by knocking down the flames with clothing or flooding it with any non-flammable liquids (water, milk, etc.). Never try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane - this will make it difficult to extinguish the fire and your evacuation.

4. When the train stops in the tunnel, do not try to leave it without the command of the driver; do not touch the metal car body and doors until the high voltage is completely disconnected throughout the entire area. After permission to exit, open the doors or kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the carriage and move forward in the direction of the train towards the station. Walk along the track between the rails in single file, do not touch the live busbars (on the side of the rails) to avoid electric shock when the voltage is turned on.

5. Be especially careful when exiting the tunnel at the station, at the intersection of the tracks, at the arrows, as an oncoming train may appear. If the train left by you has moved from its place and is catching up with you, snuggle up to the niche of the tunnel wall. Immediately report the incident to the station attendant and follow all his instructions.

TRAIN FIRE

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately inform the conductor about the fire that has occurred, walk along the carriage and, without raising a panic, loudly, clearly and calmly inform the passengers about the incident. Wake up sleeping passengers and hold the hands of the children. It is safest to evacuate to the front cars, but if this is not possible, then go to the end of the train, tightly closing the doors of the compartment and inter-car passages behind you. Be sure to check with the conductor for the presence of people in the vestibules, compartments, toilets of the burning car.

2. Using fire extinguishers and improvised means (blankets, wet rags, etc.), try to extinguish the fire with the passengers. Close the windows to prevent the wind from fanning the fire. Do not attempt to rescue luggage from fire if it endangers your safety. If the fire cut you off from the exits, then enter the compartment or toilet, closing the door tightly behind you, open the window and wait for the arrival of help, attracting attention to yourself. Do not jump out of the carriage of a moving train and do not try to get out onto the roof - this is dangerous! As a last resort, jump, wearing all available clothes and hugging the mattress.

3. If it is impossible to extinguish the fire and contact the head of the train or the driver, stop the train using the stop crane, remove all people from the carriage by opening the doors or knocking out the windows, and together with the conductor, unhook the carriages, preventing the spread of fire throughout the train. To prevent the cars from moving downhill, place brake pads or other handy items under the wheels.

4. Take passengers away from the burning carriage and send people to the nearest town to report the incident to the fire department. Then proceed as directed by the head of the train and firefighters. If you notice the signals of people remaining in the carriage, immediately report them to the firemen. Prevent panic attacks in any way and provide first aid to the injured.

ARTICLE 112 (2) of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

SMOKING IN NON-ESTABLISHED AREAS ON RAIL TRANSPORT AND ON SHIPS OF SEA AND RIVER TRANSPORT

“Smoking in carriages (including vestibules) of suburban trains, in places not designated for smoking on local and long-distance trains, in subways, as well as ... on ships of sea and river transport- entails a warning or the imposition of a fine on citizens in the amount of up to ... the minimum wage ... "

FIRE ON SHIPS

Despite the abundance of water around, your position is much more problematic than on land.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Having heard about the fire on the ship's radio or from the sailor on duty, at the command of the captain, leave the cabin on the deck to the lifeboats, taking money and documents with you, after putting them in a plastic bag. Hurry to get out, but without fuss and panic. Try to find a life jacket (circle) for yourself. Discipline is the key to success.

2. If the exit from the cabin is cut off by fire and smoke, then stay in place with the door tightly closed. Break the window glass and climb out through it. If this is impossible and there is no chance of help, then, wrapping a wet cloth around your head, break through the fire and smoke.

3. Having let the children, women and the wounded to the boats, jump overboard yourself. Swim away from the ship, trying to draw attention to yourself as much as possible, give signals. If you can, then hook on some floating object. Throw off clothes and shoes that bother you if you could not do this in advance. If it is far from the shore, then stay on the water, do not waste extra energy and wait for help.

ARTICLE 113 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

VIOLATION OF FIRE SAFETY RULES ON RAILWAY, SEA, RIVER AND AIR TRANSPORT

"... shall entail the imposition of a fine on citizens in the amount of up to ... the minimum wage ..."

ARTICLE 270 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Failure to provide assistance by the ship's captain to those in distress

"... on the sea or any other waterway, if this assistance could be provided without serious danger to one's ship, its crew and passengers, - is punished ... by imprisonment for a term of up to two years ..."

FIRE AT WORKPLACE

Violation of the technological process.
Overload of the power grid.
Using non-standard fuses.
Fire during electrical and gas welding.
Electric boilers, heaters, televisions and other electrical appliances left plugged in.
Smoking in unequipped places, cigarette butts and matches.
Drying oiled clothes on heating pipes and over electric heaters.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Anyone who detects smoke, fire or fire, announces the alarm and immediately calls the fire brigade by phone or with the help of fire alarms, clearly communicates the address (street, house, building, floor) that is lit and his name.

2. Tells the responsible person on duty of the enterprise the location of the fire source to call the calculation of the DPD.

3. Commences to extinguish the fire with the available fire extinguishing means (fire extinguisher, fire hydrant).

4. The chief of the crew organizes the gathering of the DPD members to the place of the fire, supervises the extinguishing according to the report card of the combat crew and organizes a meeting of the fire brigade.

5. Before the firefighters arrive, try to create water curtain to prevent the fire from spreading to adjacent rooms and other floors.

6. Upon arrival of the firefighters, indicate the location of the people cut off by the fire, as well as the location of flammable substances, electrical panels, hydrants.

7. Obey all orders of firefighters.

ARTICLE 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

VIOLATION OF LABOR PROTECTION RULES

"... committed by a person who had the obligation to comply with these rules, if this entailed by negligence ... the death of a person, is punishable ... by imprisonment for up to five years ..."

ARTICLE 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

VIOLATION OF FIRE SAFETY RULES

"... committed by a person who was responsible for their observance, if this entailed by negligence ... the death of a person ... - is punishable by imprisonment for up to ten years ..."

FOREST FIRES

Most often, forest fires occur:

Due to the fault of people leaving unfired fires or cigarette butts in places of rest.
As a result of the play of children with fire.
When burning garbage, the owners of summer cottages and garden plots at the edges of the forest.
In rare cases, natural causes are to blame:
Lightning strike.
Spontaneous combustion of peat bog.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. When going to the forest on vacation or on a hike, take an ax, a folding shovel, a bucket or a large plastic bag with you. When you smell smoke, come closer and find out what is burning, which way the wind is blowing, what is the danger of the fire spreading, whether there are children in the area where the fire moves. Assess the situation - is it worth trying to extinguish the fire on your own, or is it better to hurry up for help, so as not to waste time and prevent the fire from gaining strength. Report the incident on the nearest phone or through the messenger to the fire brigade.

2. Fill the fire with water from the nearest reservoir, cover with earth. Use for extinguishing bunches of branches from deciduous trees or saplings 1.5 - 2 meters long, thick cloth, wet clothes. Apply sliding blows along the edge of the fire from the side towards the hearth of the fire, as if sweeping away the flame; turn the branches, the fabric after each so that they are cooled in this way and do not catch fire. Trample a small fire with your feet, do not let it spread to the trunks and crowns of trees. If the fire spreads to the crowns, bring down trees untouched by the fire in its path (with the crown from the place of the fire).

3. After extinguishing a small fire, do not leave until you are sure that the fire does not ignite again. Inform the forestry or fire department about the place and time of the fire, as well as about its possible causes. If it was your careless actions that led to the outbreak of the fire, do not try to hide this fact and run away - sooner or later the culprit will be identified, but the amount of compensation for damage from an untimely extinguished fire will be immeasurably greater than the one you pay by stopping the fire in time.

4. If a peat bog is on fire, do not try to extinguish the fire yourself, go around it. Move against the wind so that it does not overtake you with fire and smoke, does not hinder your orientation, carefully examine the road in front of you, feel it with a pole or a stick. Remember: when burning peat bogs hot earth and the smoke coming from under it shows that the fire has gone underground, the peat burns out from the inside, forming voids into which you can fall through and burn.

ARTICLE 261 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGE OF FORESTS

"... is punished with imprisonment for a term ... up to eight years."

THE BREAD FIELD IS BURNING

Remember! No grain field is worth a human life. Don't try to extinguish it alone. Before stewing, evaluate your strength.

Sources of ignition can be:

Outstanding cigarette butts, bonfires.
Sparks from broken high-voltage wires.
Defective spark arresters and mufflers on cars, motorcycles and tractors.
Children's pranks with fire.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Immediately send someone to the nearest town for help, call the fire brigade and try to localize the fire by determining the direction of the wind. Ripe bread burns very quickly, shifting from ear to ear, so try to knock the ears to the ground in the path of fire with a scythe, stick or with your feet, forming a strip 2 - 3 m wide, preventing the spread of fire from above.

2. Shoot down the fire with branches, wet clothes, do not let it flare up. Use the shovel you brought, digging the earth along the edge of the fire in a continuous strip 6-8 cm high, 40-60 cm wide. Rak up straw on the path of the fire, leaving a cleaned strip at least 0.5 cm wide.

3. With the help of people and technology, try to block the path of the fire by digging a ditch or making a furrow in its path. Do not try to extinguish the fire yourself with oncoming fire - leave this to the firefighters, since if you fail, you risk being trapped in a fire. If agricultural machinery is in the fire, move further away so as not to suffer from the explosion of fuel tanks.

"KAMIKADZE" WITH A CIGARETTE
(SMOKING IN BED)

According to the UPO Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the country, on average, about nine thousand people die annually from careless handling of fire. Of these, about four thousand are victims of an addiction: smoking in bed, and even drunk. The smoker is a potential arsonist. If a person lives with you who has a habit of smoking in bed, then sooner or later he will burn out not only himself, but also bring grief to your family.

A person who has fallen asleep with a cigarette in bed no longer wakes up, as he is poisoned by carbon monoxide and toxic substances released during the combustion of synthetic materials: nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, hydrocyanic acid, phosgene, etc.

YOUR ACTIONS

1. Having felt the smell of smoke from a neighboring apartment, immediately call the fire brigade and the police (even if the fire can be prevented, you cannot leave the "arsonist" unattended), call other neighbors for help, call an ambulance.

2. If the doorbells and knocks are not answered, break the door, but be careful - a flash and flame may be emitted due to the inflow fresh air... Upon entering the apartment, breathe through a damp handkerchief or towel (the air contains carbon monoxide), leaving someone at the door for safety net.

3. If possible, try to find the victim and take him to fresh air. Together with your neighbors, pour water on burning objects using a fire hydrant on the site or buckets of water until the combustion completely stops and smoke is emitted.

4. When the bed is burning or smoldering, roll it up and quickly take it to the bathroom, fill it with water from the shower. Submerge the mattress completely in water. Feeling weak and dizzy, immediately go out into the corridor, closing the door behind you. The main thing is to save people, therefore, in case of strong smoke, after evacuating the victim, do not enter the burning apartment again until the firefighters arrive; water the front door outside with water.

5. If necessary, give the victim an indirect cardiac massage, administer artificial respiration before the doctor arrives.

V residential buildings and outbuildings, a fire can quickly cover large area only in cases where spilled flammable liquids ignite in the room (for example, kerosene gas falling onto the floor). In gasified homes, this can occur with an explosive gas flash. In residential buildings, a fire most often begins with the appearance negligible flame, which is preceded by a more or less prolonged period of heating or smoldering of solid combustible objects. The presence of the smell of an overheated substance and the appearance of a light, at first barely noticeable, and then more and more thickening and acting on the eyes, are the first sure signs of a fire. Electric wires gradually heating up during overload, they first "signal" about this with a characteristic smell of rubber, and then the insulation ignites and burns or smolders, setting fire to nearby objects. Simultaneously with the smell of rubber, the light may go out or the electric lamps will start to burn in full, which sometimes is also a sign of the imminent danger of ignition of the insulation of electrical wires. When in the room where the fire started, there is enhanced ventilation (open window, door to the balcony) located in adjacent rooms people sometimes learn about a fire that has started, not by the smoke or the smell of burning, but by the crackle of a burning tree, similar to the crackle of dry wood burning in a stove. A whistling sound is sometimes heard and reflections of a flame can be seen. The burning of soot in a chimney is sometimes recognized by a humming sound similar to the howling of the wind, and by the resinous smell of burning soot.

Knowing the signs of an incipient fire in a residential building helps to timely detect and take measures to eliminate it.

Having discovered an incipient fire, it is necessary, first of all, to notify the fire department of this as soon as possible. It should be borne in mind that the sooner the firefighters arrive, the easier and with less damage the fire will be stopped. The fire brigade must also be called when even a small amount of smoke appears in the house, when there is a risk of fire in a place inaccessible for inspection, or if it is impossible to establish the cause of the smoke. The spread of a fire in a residential building can most often be facilitated by ventilation ducts, windows and doors through which fresh air enters, giving an additional flow of oxygen, contributing to the development of a fire. That is why it is not recommended to break glass in the windows of a burning room and leave open doors to adjacent rooms. If a fire is noticed late and the available extinguishing media are insufficient, measures must be taken to stop the spread of the fire. To do this, it is necessary to close all doors and windows in the room where the fire started as tightly as possible. You can fill in the gaps between the floor and the door with a wet cloth, turn off the gas, turn off the electricity. If a house or apartment is filled with smoke, breathe through a wet cloth and move as close to the floor as possible (there is less smoke). It should be remembered that children, frightened by fire or smoke, may hide in secluded places (under the bed, in the closet) and not respond to unfamiliar voices. Before opening a closed door in a burning house, touch it with the back of your hand. Do not open it if you feel that the door is warm - there is a fire behind it. Try to get people out of the burning house (apartment). Do not try to take valuables and other property with you. Choose the safest escape route possible and try not to panic. Do not use elevators during a fire. Go down the stairs only. Never run at random. When firefighters arrive, obey their commands completely. Do not go back into the burning room until the firefighters say that the danger is over. But what if the fire cut off the path to the exit? The main thing is to try to stay calm. Go to the room farthest from the burning room, tightly closing all the doors behind you. Open the window and try to attract the attention of passers-by by shouting for help. When they hear you, they will call the fire department. If your apartment is not high and you are in immediate danger, then get out through the window. At the same time, get out with your feet forward, holding on to the window with your hands, lower your body as close as possible to the ground, and then jump.

THE PROCEDURE OF CALLING THE FIRE PROTECTION

The fire department telephone number is "01".
It must be remembered that correct and complete reporting of a fire will enable the fire brigade to anticipate the possible situation and accept necessary decisions giving the opportunity to shortest time to concentrate at the place of the fire the appropriate forces and means for its elimination. In addition to information about the object of the fire and its address, it is necessary to indicate the place of occurrence, external signs of a fire, the presence of a threat to people, convenient travel, and also provide your name. There is a rule: calling firefighters must arrange their meeting and indicate the shortest route to the fire. If a fire breaks out at home, it may be necessary to evacuate in the dark and with other difficulties. It will be much easier to get out of a burning room if you plan and think over your escape route in advance: - make sure that the escape route you have planned has no obstacles, the floor covering has no defects that you can trip over; - if there are serious difficulties with movement (disability), it is desirable that your room is on the ground floor or as close to the exit as possible; - if assistance is needed when moving around the bed, there should be a warning device (call or telephone). Many home fires start at night. Here are a few simple things you need to do every night to keep yourself and your family safe from fire: - Turn off all electrical appliances that are not intended for permanent use;
- turn off all gas appliances;
- make sure that you do not leave smoldering cigarettes;
- turn off temporary heaters;
- install a fence around an open fire (stove, fireplace).
IF A FIRE OCCURS YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT TO DO IN THE FIRE
Immediately call the fire brigade by phone "01", giving your exact address, the object of the fire and meet the fire brigade. Children:
- if there are adults nearby, immediately call them for help;

If the combustion has just begun, you can easily extinguish it with water, cover it with a thick blanket, a blanket, throw it with sand, earth;
- in no case extinguish with water burning electrical wiring and electrical appliances that are energized - this is dangerous to life;
- if you see that you cannot cope with the fire, and the fire is rampant, urgently leave the premises;
- never hide in a smoky room in secluded places.
And remember that it is easier to prevent a fire than to extinguish, and that a small match can turn into a big disaster!

IF THE TV IS ON

1. Disconnect the TV or completely the apartment (room);
2. Report the fire to the fire brigade;

3. If the TV continues to burn after turning it off, fill it with water through the openings on the back wall, while being on the side of the unit, or cover it with a thick cloth. If the burning, despite attempts to extinguish, continues, then the last thing remains - to throw the TV through the window onto the street. But before you quit, be sure to look down.
4. In order to avoid poisoning with combustion products, immediately remove from the room people who are not involved in extinguishing, especially children;
5. After extinguishing the fire, call a TV technician. If the property is insured, then do not forget to report the accident to the State Insurance Inspectorate within three days.
6. Proceed in the same way when other household appliances catch fire. Note. If the TV exploded and the fire intensified, do not endanger your life, leave the room by closing the door and windows.

BALCONY FIRE (LOGGIA)

2. Try to extinguish with available means (water, washing powder, wet thick cloth, earth from flowers, etc.). If the fire is gaining strength and your efforts are in vain, then immediately leave the balcony, tightly closing the door behind you so that fire does not enter after you. Close all vents and doors, do not create a draft! During extinguishing, you can throw burning things and objects down, making sure that there are no people there.
3. Warn upstairs neighbors that you are on fire.

SMOKE IN THE ENTRANCE

1. Call the fire brigade.
2. If the smoke is not thick and you feel that you can breathe, then try to determine the place of combustion (apartment, letter box, garbage can, etc.), by smell - what is burning (electrical wiring, rubber, flammable liquids, paper).
3. Remember that fire and smoke in the stairwell spreads only in one direction - from bottom to top.
4. If you managed to find the hearth, then try to extinguish it yourself or with the help of neighbors using improvised means.
5. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire, then notify the residents of the house and, without creating panic, try to get out, using flights of stairs or through the fire escapes of the balcony. Passing through the smoky areas, try to overcome them by holding your breath or covering your mouth and nose with a damp handkerchief or towel.
6. If the smoke comes from the apartment and screams are heard from there, then it is necessary, without waiting for the firemen, to knock down the doors. Remember that it can burn in the hallway, and there is a possibility of fire going out into the staircase, that is, right at you. And secondly - by breaking open the door, you thereby increase the flow of air and, accordingly, combustion.
7. If, after leaving the entrance, you find yourself in thick smoke, then you must immediately return to the apartment and close the door tightly. And door slots and ventilation openings, into which smoke can penetrate, must be plugged with wet rags. If the smoke still penetrates, then leave the hallway and lock yourself in the room. And the last thing you can do is go out onto the balcony and try to attract attention to yourself.
8. If injured, call an ambulance.
9. If you live in a high-rise building (10th and higher), then in case of fire, additional measures are provided to ensure your safety. These are smoke-free external staircases, smoke exhaust systems and internal fire hydrants, automatic fire alarms in apartments. The specified equipment should be monitored and, in the event of a malfunction, call the dispatch office of the REU to take technical measures to eliminate it. In 9-storey houses on loggias, metal stairs are provided for evacuation in case of fire, so we remind you that it is prohibited to hammer and block hatches on the loggias, as well as to dismantle the stairs.

FIRE, SMOKE IN THE BASEMENT

1. Call the fire brigade.
2. In no case do not try to enter the basement yourself, it may end tragically for you.
3. If you live on the ground floor and smoke begins to appear in your apartment, then open the windows (but not the door to the staircase), and then leave the apartment, notifying the neighbors. Wait for the arrival of firefighters on the street. On the higher floors, we recommend opening the windows too.
4. But if you nevertheless entered the basement or found yourself there at the time of the fire, then we advise you to wade either crouching low or crawling. Try to breathe through a cloth, rag. If you get lost, then try to determine in which direction the smoke draws more, which means, most likely there is a doorway. Note: during a fire in the basement, due to the weak air flow, a very high temperature occurs, so you can navigate by the air temperature and by touching the walls. Nevertheless, if a way out is not found, then do not despair, lie down in the passage, where the temperature is relatively not very high, and try to cover yourself with something. Sooner or later, you will be found anyway.

FIRE IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDING
First of all, when entering any unfamiliar building, try to remember your path, pay attention to the location of the main and emergency exits.
1. If you heard the cries of "Fire!" either smell smoke or see flames - call the fire department.
2. Try to remain calm and self-control, reassure the people around you, especially women. Assess the situation, make sure that there is a real danger, find out where it comes from, then calmly, without panic, start moving in reverse side heading for the exit. Moving in the crowd, let children, women and the elderly go ahead, stop alarmists. Help those who are shackled by fear and cannot move, talk to them calmly and clearly, support them by the arms.
3. Once in the crowd, bend your elbows and press them to your sides, clenching your fists. Tilt your torso backward with your feet forward and try to control the pressure with your back, freeing up space in front and moving slowly. Shield the children with their backs or sit them on your shoulders.
4. Do not enter where there is a high concentration of smoke! V modern buildings a lot of plastic, synthetics, which, when burned, emit highly toxic substances. It is enough to take a few breaths - and you can die right there on the spot.
5. When filling the premises, corridors with smoke, go to the side of the non-smoky stairs or to the exit, but not to the elevator. It is strictly forbidden to use the elevator during a fire! Hold onto walls, handrails, and breathe through a handkerchief or clothing. If the concentration of smoke increases, then bend over or crawl. If you feel a rise in temperature, it means that you are approaching the danger zone, and it is best to turn back in this situation.
6. If, due to thick smoke, high temperature and fire, you cannot go out onto the stairs or into the corridor, you must immediately return back, tightly closing the door behind you. And plug the door slots and ventilation openings with wet rags. Create a supply of water in the bathroom.
7. If a dangerous concentration of smoke and elevated temperature is formed in the apartment (room), you should go to the balcony, loggia, tightly closing the door. Take with you a wet blanket, carpet, or other thick fabric that you can use to protect yourself from fire if it penetrates through the door and window openings, but this protection will not last long. In the absence of a balcony, your last, risky chance is to stand on the windowsill (ledge, cornice), holding on to the wall.
8. If there is no fire below you and it is dangerous to stay in the room, then try to go down to the floor below using tightly tied sheets, curtains, ropes, etc. You can also use a fire hose for self-rescue. We recommend saving one at a time, insuring each other. Of course, such self-rescue is associated with a risk to life, but you have no other way out. And if you started to fight for your life, then fight to the end, and do not jump down, as more than 40 people did during one of the most catastrophic fires of the century in the 30-story "Autodafe" (office building) in the Brazilian city of São Paulo ... They all died.
9. And the last thing. If you nevertheless decide to escape through a heavily smoky corridor, which is extremely dangerous, then we advise you to grab a wet, dense cloth, which you should cover and move crouching or crawling. The thick fabric will keep you out of smoke and will allow you to slip through small areas with open flames and high temperatures. If a fiery shaft is approaching you, then fall without hesitation, covering your head with a cloth, at this moment do not breathe so as not to get burned internal organs... FIRE IN PERSONAL CAR

The three most important things to always have in your car are a first aid kit, a fire extinguisher and a non-synthetic cape. If the car catches fire, then:
- stop the car and turn off the engine;
- put the car on the brake and block the wheels (an unstable position can aggravate the incident);
- put signals on the road;
- take care of the victims;
- call for help (medical and technical), firefighters, police;
- make sure that there is no gasoline leakage: a cigarette or even a small stone that can cause friction can cause a fire. A fire in a car almost always starts under the hood of an engine due to a rupture of a pipeline that supplies gasoline, or as a result of ignition in a carburetor or gas cylinder. The first thing to do is to disconnect the contacts by removing the key from the ignition switch. If the car is running on gas, two taps located in the trunk on the fuel tank close. After that, direct the stream of the fire extinguisher to the base of the flame; if there is no fire extinguisher, use sand, earth, cloak, clothing. A water bag thrown forcibly onto parts of a car enveloped in flames is also effective. Further:
- if the fire affected only the carburetor, it is enough to turn on the engine at maximum speed, which will help extinguish the fire;
- if there are any wounded, they must be taken to a safe place;
- if the fire engulfed the back of the car, where the gas tank is located, the only thing that remains to be done is to quickly move away from the car. Scenes from films where a car explodes are quite rare in life; this can happen if the gas tank is almost empty or the car is running on gas installation;
- if a fire engulfed the car's interior, be aware: the danger is great, the fire quickly spreads along the upholstery, consisting of fabric, plastic.

FIRE IN THE APARTMENT What should NEVER be done in case of fire in the house (apartment):

Fight the flame on your own without calling the firefighters (if you do not cope with the fire in a few seconds, its spread will lead to a big fire);
- try to get out through a smoky corridor or stairs (smoke is very toxic, hot air can also burn the lungs);
- to descend along drainpipes and risers with the help of sheets and ropes (if this is not the most urgent need, because a fall here without special skills is almost always inevitable);
- jump out of the window (starting from the 4th floor, every second jump is fatal). Necessary:
1. Report to the fire department by phone "01".
2. Take the children and the elderly out into the streets.

3. Try to extinguish the fire yourself, using available means (water, washing powder, thick cloth, from internal fire hydrants in high-rise buildings, etc.).
4. If there is a danger of electric shock, turn off the electricity (automatic machines in the panel on the staircase).

5. Remember that it is ineffective to extinguish flammable liquids with water. It is best to use a fire extinguisher, washing powder, and if not available, a wet rag.
6. During a fire, refrain from opening windows and doors to reduce the flow of air.

7. If the apartment is heavily smoked and it is not possible to eliminate the fires on your own, immediately leave the apartment, closing the door behind you.
8. If it is impossible to evacuate from the apartment through the flights of stairs, use the balcony staircase, and if there is none, then go to the balcony, closing the door tightly behind you, and try to attract the attention of passers-by and firefighters.
9. If possible, arrange a meeting of the fire departments, point to the source of the fire. IF YOU CANNOT (OR DO NOT RISK) LEAVE THE APARTMENT
Necessary:
- close the windows, but do not lower the blinds;
- plug up all the gaps under the doors with wet rags;
- turn off the electricity and turn off the gas;
- prepare the room as a "last refuge", as this may be necessary;
- fill a bathtub and other large containers with water;
- remove the curtains, as the glass can crack under the influence of heat and the fire will easily find something to switch to;
- move away from the windows all objects that can catch fire;
- pour water over the floor and doors, thus lowering their temperature;

If stairs cannot be used, and the only way to escape may be a window, you need to try to reduce the height of the jump by tying sheets or something else, or jump onto the canvas covers of the truck, the roof of the car, the flower garden, the shed; - before jumping, you need to throw down mattresses, pillows, carpets to soften the fall;
- if you live on the lower floors, you can go down using the balconies.
A fire on various floors of a building mainly affects the interior, well-burning parts of the ceiling, floor, etc. It is necessary to remember about the high toxicity when burning plastic, which is present, as a rule, in every home.
FIRE AT WORKPLACE (OFFICE)
Necessary:
1. Report to the fire department.
2. Notify all colleagues around you about the fire.
3. Try using fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, improvised means, to extinguish the fire.
4. If you see that there is not enough strength to extinguish, then leave the danger zone.
5. When the firefighters arrive, explain what is burning and where.
CLOTHES ON A PERSON IS BURNING

1. Do not let us run - the flame flares up even more (exposure to the flame of burning clothes for 1-2 minutes will lead to severe burns with death).
2. Knock it over to the ground, if necessary, make a step, and then extinguish the fire with a thick cloth, water, earth, snow, etc., leaving the head open so that it does not suffocate by combustion products. There is another option - try to take off your burning clothes, but very quickly.
3. Call an ambulance, notify the fire department.
4. Provide all possible first aid. (If you try to self-immolate, also call the police.)
SCREAMS OF "FIRE!", PANIC IN A PUBLIC AREA

1. Hearing the cries of "Fire", try to remain calm and self-possessed, call the standing people to this. Assess the situation, make sure that there is a real danger (perhaps someone wants to attract the attention of people with this cry).
2. While standing still, look around carefully. Seeing a phone or a button fire alarm, report a real fire to the fire department (do not assume that someone will do for you) and begin to calmly move to the nearest exit. If it is possible to cope with the fire, ask for help from nearby people and, using fire extinguishing equipment and improvised means, extinguish the fire, immediately notifying others about it.
3. When filling the room with smoke, turning off the lights, try to go to the exit, holding onto walls, handrails, etc., breathe through a handkerchief or sleeve of clothing, lead children in front of you, holding them by the shoulders.
4. In any situation, maintain self-control and composure, calming others with your behavior, do not let panic grow (if you can, take over the leadership of people). When moving in the crowd, hold back the distraught people. Help those who are shackled by fear and cannot move, to bring them to their senses, hit your cheeks with your palms, talk calmly and clearly, support them by the arms.
5. After getting out of the crowd, help the victims, move them to fresh air, unbutton their clothes, call an ambulance.
FIRE IN TROLLEYBUS, BUS, TRAM
1. Immediately report the fire to the driver, try to stop and open the doors (use the emergency open button). Try using a fire extinguisher and other tools to extinguish a fire. BE CAREFUL! In trolleybuses and trams, metal parts can become energized as a result of burning of the protective insulation of the wires.
2. When locking the doors, use the escape hatches in the roof and through the side windows for evacuation. If necessary, knock out the glass with both feet (or with a hard object). If you have successfully freed yourself without serious injuries, then, as far as possible, help those who remain and, first of all, children and the elderly.
3. In any transport there are materials that emit poisonous gases during combustion, so leave the salon quickly, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve. After getting out of the salon, move away, because fuel tanks may explode or short-circuit of the high-voltage electrical network may occur.
4. By phone or through the drivers of passing cars, report the fire to the fire department. Help the victims.
FIRE IN THE SUBWAY CAR
Your actions:

1. Having felt the smell of smoke, immediately inform the driver about the fire on the intercom and follow all his instructions. Try to prevent panic in the carriage, calm people down, take the children by the hands. For heavy smoke, close your eyes and breathe through a damp handkerchief, respirator, or gas mask.
2. Stay in place while the train moves through the tunnel. After arriving at the station and opening the doors, let the children and the elderly go ahead, then leave yourself, keeping calm and self-control. Check if there is anyone left in the carriage, help these people to leave it. Immediately report the fire to the station attendant and escalator. Help metro workers by using fire extinguishers and other fire-fighting equipment available at the station to extinguish.
3. If an open fire appears in the car while driving, try to extinguish it using fire extinguishers under the seats or improvised means. If possible, move to an unoccupied part of the carriage (preferably forward) and contain the spread of the fire by knocking down the flame with clothing or flooding it with any non-flammable liquids (water, milk, etc.). Never try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane - this will make it difficult to extinguish the fire and your evacuation.
4. When the train stops in the tunnel, do not try to leave it without the command of the driver; do not touch the metal body of the car and the doors until the high voltage is disconnected throughout the entire area. After permission to exit, open the doors or kick the glass with your feet, get out of the carriage and move forward along the train towards the station. Walk along the track between the rails in single file, without touching the live tires (on the side of the rails) to avoid electric shock when the voltage is turned on.
5. Be especially careful when exiting the tunnel at the station, at the intersection of the tracks, at the arrows, as an oncoming train may appear. If the train left by you has moved from its place and is catching up with you, snuggle up to the niche of the tunnel wall. Immediately report the incident to the station attendant and follow his instructions.
TRAIN FIRE
In the event of a fire on the train:

1. Immediately inform the conductor about the fire, walk along the carriage and, without raising a panic, loudly, clearly and calmly announce the incident to the passengers. Wake up sleeping passengers and hold the hands of the children. It is safest to evacuate to the front cars, but if this is not possible, then go to the end of the train, tightly closing the doors of the compartment and inter-car passages behind you. Be sure to check with the conductor for the presence of people in the vestibules, compartments, toilets of the burning car.
2. Using fire extinguishers and improvised means (blankets, wet rags, etc.), try to extinguish the fire with the passengers. Close the windows to prevent the wind from fanning the flames. Do not try to save luggage from the fire if it threatens your safety (take only the essentials - documents, money, valuables, etc.). If the fire cut you off from the exits, then enter the compartment or toilet, closing the door tightly behind you, open the window and wait for the arrival of help, attracting attention to yourself. Do not jump out of the carriage of a moving train and do not try to get out onto the roof - this is dangerous! As a last resort, jump, wearing all available clothes and hugging the mattress.
3. If it is impossible to extinguish the fire and contact the head of the train or the driver, stop the train with the stop crane, remove all people from the carriage by opening the doors or knocking out windows, and together with the conductors, unhook the carriages, preventing the spread of fire throughout the train. To prevent the cars from moving downhill, place brake pads or other handy items under the wheels.
4. Take passengers away from the burning carriage and send people to the nearest settlement to report the incident to the fire department. Then proceed as directed by the head of the train and firefighters. If you notice the signals of people remaining in the carriage, immediately report them to the firemen. Prevent panic attacks in any way and provide first aid to the injured.
FIRE ON SHIPS
Despite the abundance of water around, your position is much more problematic than on land. Your actions:

1. Having heard the announcement of a fire on the ship's radio or from the sailor on duty, at the command of the captain, leave the cabin on the deck to the lifeboats, taking money and documents with you, after putting them in a plastic bag. Hurry to get out, but without fuss and panic. Try to find a life jacket (circle) for yourself. Discipline is the key to success.
2. If the exit from the cabin is cut off by fire and smoke, then stay in place with the door tightly closed. Break the window glass and climb out through it. If this is impossible and there is no chance of help, then, wrapping a wet cloth around your head, break through the fire and smoke.
3. Having let the children, women, and the wounded go to the boats, jump overboard yourself. Swim away from the ship, trying to draw attention to yourself as much as possible, give signals. If you can, then hook on some floating object. Throw off clothes and shoes that bother you if you could not do this in advance. If it is far from the shore, then stay on the water, do not waste extra energy and wait for help. IF YOU NOTICE PEOPLE IN A HOT ROOM
1. Call the fire brigade.
2. If you rely on your strength, then try to knock out the door or windows in case of fire on the ground floor. When you open the door, then stand to the side of the opening, as fire can be whipped out on you, which goes to the wind. If, after opening it, you find only smoke, then, if possible, covering the respiratory organs with a wet cloth, bending over, try to enter the room. If breathing is difficult, move on all fours or crawl. You can, of course, draw air into your lungs, try not to breathe, as long as your capabilities are enough.
3. Don't waste time locating the fire and putting it out. Remember: the main thing is to save people!
4. Before entering a room (premises), you must find out exactly who and how much should be there. It should be remembered that children, frightened by a fire, may hide in the most secluded places, for example, under the bed, and almost always do not respond to unfamiliar voices. The elderly (sick) should be found on beds or on the floor.
5. Having found people, take (carry) them out as quickly as possible.
6. Provide the victims with competent, feasible assistance before the arrival of the health workers.
FIRE IN FOREST AND ON PEAT

Mass fires in forests and peatlands can occur in hot and dry weather from lightning strikes, careless handling of fire, cleaning the earth's surface by burning dry grass and other reasons. Fires can ignite buildings in populated areas, wooden bridges, power lines and communications on wooden poles, warehouses of oil products and other combustible materials, as well as the defeat of people and farm animals. Most often, ground fires occur in forest areas, during which forest litter, undergrowth and undergrowth, grassy-dwarf shrub cover, dead wood, tree rhizomes, etc. are burned out. During a dry period, with the wind, crown fires can occur, in which the fire also spreads along the tops of trees, mainly conifers.
The speed of propagation of a ground fire is from 0.1 to 3 meters per minute, and of a top one - up to 100 meters per minute in the direction of the wind.
Burning peat and plant roots may cause underground fires spreading to different sides... Peat can spontaneously ignite and burn without air access and even under water. Above burning peat bogs, the formation of "columnar vortices" of hot ash and burning peat dust is possible. strong wind can travel long distances and cause new sunburn or burns in humans and animals.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
To protect the population and reduce damage in case of massive fires, measures are taken in advance to lay and clear openings and ground strips 5-10 meters wide in continuous forests and up to 50 meters in coniferous forests. In settlements, ponds and reservoirs are arranged, the capacity of which is taken at the rate of at least 30 cubic meters per 1 hectare of the area of the village or settlement. In case of fires in forests and peat bogs in settlements:
- a duty of fire-fighting units is organized to monitor the fire situation in forests, near settlements;
- clearing of soil strips between buildings and adjacent forest areas is carried out;
- fire reservoirs are filled at the rate of at least 10 liters of water per 1 meter of length of the forest edge, adjacent to the boundaries of the development of settlements and summer cottages; - wells and ponds are being restored; cotton-gauze dressings, respirators and other respiratory protection are manufactured; the regime of visiting forests during the dry period of summer is limited (especially by cars). IF YOU ARE NEAR THE FOCUS ON
HEAT
IN THE FOREST OR ON THE PEAT BAG If you find yourself near a fire in a forest or a peat bog and you do not have the opportunity to cope with its localization, prevent the spread and extinguish the fire on your own, immediately warn all nearby people about the need to leave the danger zone. Organize their access to a road or clearing, a wide clearing, to the bank of a river or reservoir, in a field. Move out of the danger area quickly, perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fire. If it is impossible to escape the fire, enter the pond or cover yourself with wet clothing. Out on open space or a clearing, breathe air near the ground - there it is less smoky, while covering your mouth and nose with a cotton-gauze bandage or rag. After leaving the fire zone, report the location, size and nature of the fire to the administration of the settlement, forestry or fire service as well as the local population. Know the warning signals when a fire zone is approaching locality and take part in the organization of extinguishing fires. Flame small ground fires you can knock it down, overwhelming it with branches of deciduous trees, flooding it with water, throwing it with wet soil, trampling it with your feet. Peat fires are extinguished by digging up burning peat with watering. When extinguishing a fire, act with caution, do not go far from roads and clearings, do not lose sight of other participants, maintain visual and sound communication with them. When extinguishing peat fire keep in mind that deep funnels can form in the combustion zone, so you should move carefully, having previously checked the depth of the burnt layer.

Situation: FIRE IN THE APARTMENT

* games of unattended children with matches and electrical appliances;
* smoking in bed, especially when drunk;
* careless handling of fire (heating paints and mastics, drying clothes over a stove, etc.);
* placing electrical appliances and lamps close to curtains, wallpaper and wooden structures;
* simultaneous inclusion of a large number of electrical appliances into one outlet (do not get carried away with a tee, since the total power of the wiring is designed for 1.5 kW);
* short circuit of electrical wires (if they are wet, twisted, nailed or glued with wallpaper);
* use of gasoline and solvents for cleaning clothes;
* if you cover the table lamp with newspaper or cloth.

If you do not deal with the fire in a few seconds, its spreading will lead to a large fire.

YOUR ACTIONS

* Immediately call the fire department yourself or through your neighbors. Report the fire to the neighbors on the floor, ask them to take children and the elderly to a safe place, and also warn the residents of other floors about the fire.

* Without waiting for the arrival of firefighters, start with the help of neighbors to extinguish the fire with improvised means (fire extinguisher, thick wet cloth, water from internal fire hydrants on staircases). If there is a danger of electric shock, turn off the electricity in the apartment (an automatic machine with a switch - in the panel on the staircase). Remember: it is ineffective to extinguish flammable liquids with water. It is best to use a fire extinguisher, and in the absence of one, wet cloth, sand, even earth from a flower pot. Do not open windows and doors to avoid air flow to the fire, do not break glass. But if you need to open or knock out the door to a burning room, cover your face with your hands, stand to the side of the doorway so that the escaping flame does not burn you.

* If it is not possible to eliminate the fire on your own, leave the apartment immediately, closing the door tightly behind you. With the help of neighbors, water the door outside with water to prevent the spread of fire across the site. Arrange a meeting of fire departments, indicate the source of the fire and inform them about the presence of people in the burning apartment. If it is impossible to evacuate from the apartment through the flights of stairs, use the balcony fire escape, and if it is not there, then go out onto the balcony, tightly close the door behind you and, by shouting or in any other way, attract the attention of passers-by and firefighters. Do not try to move to the adjacent balcony on your own - it is dangerous!

in case of sudden evacuation in case of fire.

Situation: KITCHEN FIRE

* It is dangerous to store flammable substances in the kitchen, especially in open containers;
* curtains, wooden cabinets, shelves, etc. must be kept at a safe distance from the stove;
* or food left unattended can extinguish the gas burner, resulting in an explosion and fire;
* edible oils at a temperature of about 450 C ignite spontaneously;
* in no case should you pour the burning oil into the sink or fill it with water - you risk causing the spread of fire throughout the kitchen;
* when the coil overheats in the electric stove, it is short-circuited, the furniture in the kitchen lights up from sparks and splashes of molten metal;
* heating mastic, paraffin, etc. on the stove inevitably leads to the ignition of the vapors of these substances and fire;
* extinguishing with water from a switched on electric stove is dangerous!

YOUR ACTIONS

* If oil catches fire (in a saucepan, in a frying pan), if possible, shut off the gas and electricity supply. Cover the skillet or saucepan with a lid, a wet rag, to extinguish the flame, and let it sit until the oil cools down (otherwise the fire will re-ignite).

* Put a rag made of coarse fabric (it should always be in the kitchen) over your hands, protecting them from fire. Then, in order to block the access of air to the fire, carefully, not letting the rag touch the oil, lower it on the burning vessel in an unfolded form. If burning oil or grease gets on the floor or walls, use any detergent (like a dry powder fire extinguisher) to extinguish it, covering the fire with it.

* If the stove overheats, you must first turn it off, and then cover the spiral with a wet rag.

* If it is not possible to extinguish the fire, immediately inform the fire brigade, warn the neighbors. Close the kitchen door and spray water from the hallway to prevent the spread of the fire throughout the apartment.

Situation: TV ON

* Use of non-standard fuses;
* TV work for a long time without supervision;
* hit of various objects into the holes in the back wall (as a rule, during children's games);
* use of a faulty TV (strong hum, burning smell, etc.);
* installation of a TV set near a heating battery or in a furniture wall, i.e. violation of natural ventilation;
* power supply of the TV set without a stabilizer from a network with a "floating" voltage relative to the nominal.

YOUR ACTIONS

* If any abnormality occurs on the TV, turn it off immediately and contact the TV service. Until the arrival of the technician, do not try to turn on the TV again and do not entrust its repair to random persons. Do not let children touch or turn it on (a defective TV may light up in 1 to 2 minutes after being turned on again).

* When you smell smoke, turn off the TV - unplug the plug. If access to the outlet is no longer possible, turn off the machine in the electrical panel. Be sure to call the fire department, as the fire spreads quickly and you may not be able to cope with it yourself; call your neighbors for help.

* If, after disconnecting from the power, the combustion does not stop, then fill the TV with water through the hole in the back wall, while being on the side of the device. Cover the flame with a thick cloth or powder with detergent. To avoid poisoning by combustion products, breathe through a damp towel. Immediately remove people who are not involved in extinguishing, especially children and the elderly, from the room.

* After extinguishing the fire, even before the firefighters arrive, ventilate the room, but do not touch anything so that the firefighters can determine the cause of the fire and give you their opinion. After that, call the technician of the TV studio for repair, as well as the representative of the insurance company to draw up a statement of damages.

Situation: BALCONY FIRE

* Balconies should not be cluttered with unnecessary things, old furniture, waste paper and other items that can serve as food for fire;
* store cleaning, flammable substances and aerosols in metal or wooden boxes covered from above with tight lids or non-combustible material;
* keep fire hatches and ladders always free, demand the same from the neighbors below - this will save your life during a fire;
* remember: glazed balcony- it is a fire and smoke trap in case of fire. It can make it difficult for you to move to lower floors;
* always keep the door to the balcony closed so that young children cannot indulge in fire in your absence (make an additional lock on the door, inaccessible to children);
* keep sand on the balcony at all times (in a bucket from a Christmas tree or in easy-open bags);
* if you smoke on the balcony, extinguish the butts in a metal can of water so that the wind does not carry sparks; ask the neighbors upstairs to follow your example.

YOUR ACTIONS

* If you smell smoke, immediately call the fire department, notify the neighbors and call them for help. Extinguish the fire by any means at hand, as the fire in such cases quickly spreads to the apartments of the upper floors and the safety of many people is threatened. After making sure that there are no people or cars under the balcony, you can throw the lit things down, after notifying passers-by.

* If you cannot cope with the fire yourself before the arrival of the firefighters, tightly close the door to the balcony and the vents so that the fire does not spread into the room, and take people not involved in extinguishing from the apartment to the site. With the help of your neighbors, remove valuable items from the room that can be damaged by water and foam when extinguishing a fire. Do not stand close to the window, as the hot glass will burst if it gets on it and you risk injury or burns.

Situation: FIRE IN THE ENTRANCE

* fight the flames on your own without calling the firefighters. If you do not extinguish the fire in a few minutes, its spread will most likely lead to a large fire;
* try to get out through a smoky long corridor or flights of stairs (smoke is very toxic, and hot gases can burn your lungs);
* go down drainpipes or from windows using sheets and ropes (falling is almost always inevitable);
* jump out of the window (starting from the fourth floor, every second jump is fatal);
* to hammer tightly, to clutter up with furniture and household property escape doors, hatches on balconies (loggias), transitions to adjacent sections and exits to fire escapes. Leaving and closing blinds and openings of air zones in smoke-free staircases, opening and removing fire detectors installed in apartments - this will complicate the timely detection of a fire;
* forget that the first enemy for you is not fire, but smoke, which blinds and strangles;
* give in to panic.

Insure yourself and your property against fire - it's in your best interest.

YOUR ACTIONS

* You must immediately call the fire department, notify the neighbors and go out onto the stairs with them, taking buckets of water, thick cloth, fire extinguishers with you.

* If possible, identify where the fire is (apartment, mailboxes, garbage chute, elevator, etc.) and what is burning (electrical wiring, trash, paper, flammable liquids, etc.). In case of strong smoke, turn on the smoke exhaust system, close the doors tightly to prevent the spread of smoke into the apartments. Remember that fire and smoke in the stairwell only spread from bottom to top. Try with your neighbors to localize the fire at the very beginning. Do not extinguish the fire, but what is burning, use fire hydrants with sleeves on the sites or improvised means for this, not forgetting about the safety of people. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire before the arrival of the firefighters, notify the residents of the house and, without creating panic, take the children and the elderly out into the street, going down the stairs or fire escapes of the balconies. Passing through the smoky areas, try to overcome them by holding your breath or covering your mouth and nose with a damp handkerchief or towel. If you don't have water on hand, dampen a cloth with your own urine. Remember: it is dangerous to use an elevator to evacuate people in case of fire.

* If people are stuck in the elevator, call the GREP dispatcher by phone or a messenger and call the elevator mechanic. To restore order and suppress possible attempts to steal from the apartments abandoned by the tenants, call the police; before she arrives, ask the neighbors to look after the things that the residents have taken outside.

* If, due to strong smoke and fire, it is impossible to use the stairs to go outside, then stay in the apartment. A closed and well-sealed door will protect you from heat and smoke for a long time. To avoid poisoning by combustion products, cover door slits and ventilation openings with wet blankets, towels, etc. If smoke has already entered your apartment, stay near the floor: there is always fresh air. When firefighters arrive, grab their attention - open a window and call for help. You can also hide from the fire on the balcony (loggia), while closing the balcony door behind you, or in the bathroom, pouring water on the door from the inside.

* In a smoky room, never use a regular gas mask, as it does not protect against smoke.

Situation: FIRE IN THE ELEVATOR CABIN

* outstanding matches, cigarette butts thrown on the floor or in a mine, where there is always rubbish and lubricating oils;
* short circuit of electrical wiring;
* children playing with fire.

YOUR ACTIONS

* At the first signs of fire in the cabin or mine, immediately inform the GREP dispatcher about it by pressing the "CALL" button in the cabin. If the elevator is moving, do not stop it yourself, but wait until it stops. After leaving the cab, block the doors with the first object that comes to hand so that no one can call the elevator again and be trapped. Ask your neighbors to call the fire department and help you extinguish the fire, if possible. When extinguishing a fire, do not enter the cab, as it can spontaneously move due to the short circuit of the burning wires. The cabin is energized, therefore it is dangerous to extinguish the fire with water - use a thick dry cloth, carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguisher (read the instructions on the extinguisher), dry sand.

* If, as a result of a short circuit in the wires, the elevator stops between floors, and the fire source is outside the car and it is impossible to extinguish it, shout, knock on the walls of the car, call for help. Try using an umbrella, keys or other objects to open the automatic elevator doors and get out, calling for help from your neighbors. In elevators with non-automatic doors, you can open the inner doors, press the roller lever in the outer floor door and open it from the inside. Be very careful when exiting the elevator: don't fall into the shaft.

* If it is impossible to get out of the elevator on your own before the arrival of help, close your nose and mouth with a handkerchief, a sleeve of clothing, moisten it with water, milk, even urine, keep restraint and calmness.

Situation: FIRE IN THE STOREROOM, BASEMENT OR ATTIC OF THE HOUSE

* children playing with fire, smoking;
* use of matches, candles by residents when inspecting pantries and attics;
* short circuit of electrical wires when they get wet as a result of roof leaks or flooding of basements with water;
* improper storage and careless handling of flammable liquids, aerosol packages; littering pantries with unnecessary things, waste paper;
* warming up frozen pipes with an open fire (blowtorch, torch), carrying out repair welding without taking safety measures;
* living in back rooms of persons without a fixed abode, especially at night.

YOUR ACTIONS

* Call the fire brigade immediately, notify your neighbors and work with them to prevent the fire from spreading, using fire hydrants with sleeves (on sites) and improvised means. 80% of those injured in the fire suffocate from the smoke and toxic substances released during the combustion, so when the storerooms and basements catch fire, do not try to break through the smoke-filled stairs to the street. If you are not busy extinguishing, stay in the apartment until the firefighters arrive, shouting and waving bright fabrics, attract the attention of passers-by from the window or balcony.

* If the doors of the basement, attic are locked, call the GREP dispatcher by phone or from the elevator car to call the caretaker with the keys, or break the door yourself. Turn on the smoke exhaust system at the entrance to create an air supply that keeps fire from spreading through the floors. Do not break windows on the landing so that the draft does not fan the flames.

* If you find persons who are responsible for the fire, with the help of your neighbors, detain them and call the police.

REMEMBER! IT IS VERY IMPORTANT!

During combustion, other poisonous gases are also released: hydrocyanic acid, phosgene, etc., and the oxygen content in the air drops. That is why not only and even not so much fire is dangerous, but smoke and fumes from it.

In addition, take into account the possible reactions of the human body when the concentration of combustion products increases:

carbon monoxide: 0.01% - mild headaches; 0.05% - dizziness; 0.1% - fainting; 0.2% - coma, quick death; 0.5% - instant death;

carbon dioxide: up to 0.5% - no effect; from 0.5 to 7% - increased heart rate, the onset of paralysis, respiratory centers, over 10% - paralysis of the respiratory centers and death.

Fire safety rules for children and adolescents

If you or your neighbors have a fire at home, the first thing to do is call the fire department immediately!

When calling firefighters, you must be ready to inform the "01" service dispatcher important information for firefighters:

street name, house and floor number where the fire occurred;
place of fire (apartment, attic, basement, corridor, dump near the house);

If time permits, you need to say who is calling, give your phone number and clearly answer the dispatcher's questions.

If a household appliance catches fire, try to de-energize it. If it is a TV, computer, iron - first of all, unplug if it can be safely approached or de-energize the apartment through the electrical panel if you know how to do it.

Remember! An electrical appliance that has caught fire can emit many substances hazardous to breathing, so people, especially small children and elderly grandparents, must be immediately removed from the premises.

When lighting up on TV - first of all you need turn off the TV by pulling out the plug from the power outlet. Cover the TV with a thick cloth so that there is no air access, then through the holes in the side or rear panels, in small portions flood the TV with water without allowing water to enter the screen. At the same time, it is necessary to be on the side as the TV screen may explode. Check if all windows and vents are closed, otherwise the access of fresh air will add strength to the fire.

If others are on fire electrical devices or wiring, then you need to turn off the package switch on the electrical panel (switch, switch) or unscrew the electrical plugs, if you know how.

If a fire starts and spreads in one of the rooms, close the doors of the burning room tightly - this will prevent the fire from spreading throughout the apartment.

Seal the door with wet rags, first from the bottom, if there is a gap between the floor and the door, so that smoke does not penetrate into the rest of the rooms.

If the smoke has managed to spread through the house, you need to crawl or bend down to the floor.

If a fire started in a neighboring apartment and the fire does not give you the opportunity to exit through the staircase, seal the front door to the apartment. Water it with water before the firefighters arrive.

If you intend to pass through a burning room, you need to take off flammable clothes, pour water over yourself, cover yourself with a wet blanket (blanket), draw air into your lungs, hold your breath and quickly overcome the dangerous space.

Putting out a fire with plain water is not always easy. You still need to have time to collect it in some kind of bucket, or another suitable container, for example, a basin. It is best to use a fire extinguisher if you have one at home, and if you don't have one - wet cloth... It is best to wet the sheet, clothes, bath towels, i.e. what absorbs water best.

You can use the land from flower pots, in order to knock down the flames.

It is very important to act quickly and dexterously! If you see that it is not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, do nothing else and leave immediately yourself.

Take documents, money, if it doesn't take a lot of time to find them. If the path to front door cut off by fire and smoke - escape through the balcony. The safest place in a burning apartment is on the balcony. Here firefighters will find you faster!

You should quickly dress warmly, if it's cold outside, you can take a blanket with you. Open the door to the balcony carefully, as the flames from the large influx of fresh air can intensify. Remember to close the balcony door tightly behind you.

If the balconies of your house have a built-in fire escape, try to go to the lower floor or along the adjacent balcony to the neighbors, if there is a passage for this.

But remember: it is extremely dangerous to descend from the balcony on ropes, sheets, drainpipes, and using other improvised means.

Another way of salvation is through the window of the room where there is no fire. If you are on the ground floor, you can go out through the window to the street. If you are on the second, or even higher, close and seal the door to the burning room with rags. It doesn't matter that you didn't get them wet. The main thing is that there is no air flow.

As soon as you are sure that your call for help through an open window or window has been heard, lie down on the floor. There is less smoke. Thus, you will have enough time in stock before the arrival of rescuers and firefighters.

See also: Rules of conduct in case of fire in a multi-storey building

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