Complex round flat roofing. Device of flat roofing of various types. Thermal insulation flat roof with their own hands

This embodiment of the upper part of the building is used, as a rule, with the construction of "high-rise buildings", as well as various administrative, production, warehouse and some other buildings: pavilions, demonstration halls, and the like. Despite the fact that a flat roof has a number of disadvantages, it does not reduce the popularity of such a design, including in private house-building.

Benefits of flat roofs

FirstlyThe installation of a flat roof can be done independently, and not to invite helpers or hire professionals, such as, when building a roof of a complex configuration (, four-page, and the like). Therefore, they will not have to pay for their work (it's not about large areas, where it will be problematic alone).

Secondly, the construction of such a roof gives significant savings both by materials (money) and in time (the area of \u200b\u200bthe coating is significantly less than when drunk hardware). It is not necessary to produce numerous calculations or order a project (which will cost it somehow), collect the complex system of rafters, install bodies, nurses, and so on. In addition, there are no restrictions on choosing a roofing type.

Thirdly, a flat surface is much easier to maintain and repair, which also gives a tangible savings in the future.

Fourth, the ability to select options for arrangement. A flat roof can only serve as a traditional "coating" for home, or be used (inversion). For example, greenhouses, summer gardens, solarium and the like are mounted on it. Even the helicopter platforms are arranged. This fully compensates inconvenience due to the lack of an attic room.

disadvantages

Increased waterproofing requirements. Since the roof is horizontally, the water falling out in the form of precipitation on it. You can use, for example.
The garbage will constantly accumulate (for example, fallen leaves), so such a roof will have to serve more often.
Lack of attic (mansard) premises

What to consider

The maximum load that the roof will be tested (for a rafter design). Under this implies the weight of the frame itself, roofing material, layers of insulation and insulation, as well as possible snow cover. In addition, it is necessary to count on the fact that the roofing should withstand and the weight of people who will subsequently walk on it.
Purpose of the structure and the possibility of further use of the surface (for example, terrace equipment). Depending on this, the type of overlapping is determined.

Technology of work

The easiest option of the flat roof - when the railway plates are stacked (for example, garage, shed). Here everything is extremely simple. The so-called "puff pastry" is satisfied on the surface: vapor barrier, if necessary - insulating material, waterproofing layer. For equipment, the latter is most often used rolled materials.

The insulation of the railway plates can be made, pouring a layer of clay and equipping a cement tie. The slag and some other materials are also used.

Traditionally, the rootprooroid is used for waterproofing, which is covered with bitumen mastic top. It is necessary to take into account that this material will last no more than 5 years, and then you have to repair. It is more expedient as a "waterproofer" to lay polymeric materials, such as membranes. Great and liquid rubber.

Since the installation of the plates requires the involvement of special equipment, with an independent device of a flat roof, you can equip the simplest soling system from wood.

First of all, supports - Mauerlats are laid on the top parts of the bearing walls. Most often uses such material like a bar. It must be borne in mind that these design elements should be rigidly fixed to eliminate the possibility of their horizontal displacement.

Therefore, it is pre-along the entire length of the walls in their upper end surfaces, metal pins are immutted. Their length is calculated so that after mounting the Mauerlatov, they tower over the bar about 5 cm. In their ends, a thread should be cut.

If the laying is old, then the "ribbon" from the concrete solution is arranged on top of the walls. After that, in each wooden blank, pre-planned holes with a diameter of a little more cross section of metal "fingers" are dried. First, the rubberoid strips (or similar waterproofing material) are laid on the tape), and then Mauerlates. They are satisfied with the pins, and on top to each hole is put on the washer and with the help of the nuts there is a reliable fixation of the bar at the installation site.

Next stacked overlap beams. It is necessary to take into account that the roof should perform for the dimensions of the house at 50 - 60 cm (the required Svet). It will protect the walls, and the breakfast from the water flowing down from it, as well as from rain drops.
The device of the carrier frame. Depending on the type, it can be either solid (boards, plates), or cellular (case).

Parosolation.

Insulation. For flat roofs there is a nuance. The lack of an attic room deprives such a "airbag" on top. Therefore, insulation is carried out both outside and from the inside. But at the same time it is necessary to take into account the weight of such a material, as it is an additional load on the solo system.

Waterproofing.

Roofing.

Finishing of soles.

This is only a common list of necessary events. The production technology for each item depends on local conditions and from the selected materials.

Any "tree" applied in construction should be well sucked. The moisture in its structure gradually "leaves" (natural destruction of the material), which leads to a change in not only the volume of the workpiece, but also to its deformation (for example, twisting).
Wood has two essential drawbacks - burns and is susceptible to rotting. Therefore, before its use, all wooden parts of the design are pre-processed with antipirens and antiseptics. It is better to spend money on these funds than then to suffer with frequent repairs.
When installing Mauerlatov, you need to constantly monitor their horizontality using a construction level. Otherwise, the roof will succeed with distortion. If necessary, or lines the tape, or the hard lining is made under Maulelat.
To eliminate stagnation of water on the roof, it is advisable to make it with some slope (approximately 3 0 - 5 0). As a rule, the slide goes towards the back of the structure. For this, the height of the front Mauerlatov increases, so the beams of overlapping will be skipped with a slope.

Minimizing the costs and extension of the speed of work has long become relevant trends in the construction industry. The rabid pace of life and production processes makes developers choose those designs that allow you to pass the project as quickly as possible, cheaper. Therefore, for multi-storey residential buildings of typical development, industrial facilities, office buildings are increasingly choosing a flat roof based on rolled waterproofing materials.

Flat roof, which came to replace the intricate designs of two-tie, three-tight and holm roofs, completely utilitarian. Her roofing cake protects the building from the penetration of moisture and maintains the optimal temperature regime inside.

Technology The use of modern roofing rolled materials and installation methods guarantee the highest level of waterproofing and thermal insulation. In what conditions and for what kind of design is a flat roof, we will tell in this article.

Operational characteristics and advantages

The name "flat" has a figurative value, because at least such a flat roofing pie has no rods, a small slope in it still exists. After all, completely flat, even structures will not give toad waters and rain to drain in the designated places.

Without at least a small slope of 2-3 degrees, excessive moisture accumulates on the roof, forms puddles, provokes the appearance of leaks. Unlike other varieties, the technology of mounting a flat roof from rolled materials has the following advantages:

Economy. Comparing the costs of the construction of even the simplest two-tie structures and flat, it is obvious that the scope options lose in the issue of saving material resources. At this article, costs can be saved up to half of money laid down at the estimation of the roof through the use of low-cost rolled materials.
Speed \u200b\u200band simplicity. Due to the lack of need for a rafter system, work on a flat roof flooring is performed very quickly, despite their significant area that requires overlap. In addition, workers performing the installation may not have high qualifications.
High degree of protection against wind and atmospheric precipitation. Especially this item is important for the construction of high-rise buildings. Imagine a skyscraper with a double roof that emerged in the imagination picture, for sure to cause laughter. But, without taking into account the appearance of such a roof, it is impossible to install it because of unsuccession. The higher the overlapping structures, the stronger the wind load on it, the more commonplace should be their roofing.
Rational use of space. Flat multilayer pie of the roof exploited isolate to compensate for the entire area that the building took. Since it can be equipped with parking, swimming pool, recreation area, cafe, even garden or solar batteries. At the time, there are not enough living space in megalopolis, each square meter of the available area must be used as efficiently as possible.

Device of flat roofing

The design in the form of layers of rolled materials is called roofing pie. This cake consists of three types of interlayers:

Base. Depending on the method of using the roof, there are either concrete slabs, or sheets of profiled metal. The main goal of this layer is to make stiffness of the structure. Since one of the features of a flat roof, the fact that it can be used not only for the temporary location of people, but even for parking cars or the pool arrangement.
Screw-ransom. Her task to set the slope of the roof surface, so that it is taarea and rainwater to be seeded in. For this purpose, a concrete mixture or cement-sandy solution is used. In the roofs under construction, they are advised to lay a bias of 2-3 degrees, in restored or repaired - 1 degree.
Waterproofing. The layer preventing the penetration of moisture into roofing pie. It uses bitumen, polymer and bitumen and polymer rolled materials for its manufacture.

Important! The nature of the use makes adjustments to the structure of roofing pie, add special layers, but the base, rebound screed and rolled waterproofing materials are present in the device flat roof of any type.

Species by nature

The design of a flat roof depending on how it will use it is significantly different. The following types are distinguished:

Easy operated roofing

Roofing Pie Operated Flat Roof

If the building project provides for the installation of an operated flat roof, a drawing is drawn up, reflecting the sequence of cake layers. Usually they are posted in the following order:

Reinforced concrete base;
Concrete screed-hole;
Waterproofing film or membrane in the form of a roll material;
Drainage metal grille;
Thermal insulation material;
Sand-cement mortar;
Terraced coating.

As thermal insulation, extruded polystyolster or mineral wool in the form of solid plates is used. Most often cover the exploited flat roof paving slabs, designed for paths and parking.

The main minus of this method of arrangement is that the insulation is located rather close to the surface, which may be deformed, to see, wet, in view of which loses more than 50% of its peat insulating properties.

Inversion operated roofing

Before the invention of membrane elastic materials, the builders have noted a significant disadvantage of the roof - the rapid wear of the waterproofing layer, which was performed from the rolled bitumen derivatives based on cardboard.

Since it was in the upper part of the cake, its condition is rapidly deteriorating due to the effects of temperature drops, UV rays, mechanical damage. The exit from this position was the invention of an inversion flat roof, the location of the layers of which is different.

She looks as if someone turned the roof roof roofing cake. The concrete slabs lay waterproofing from rolled materials, bitumen or bitumen-polymeric material.

Thereafter, a layer of moisture-resistant insulation is perfectly suitable for extruded polystyrene foam coated with geotextile. The upper layer required to protect, is made, falling asleep gravel. Such technology and placement of rolled materials has three advantages:

The waterproofing roof layer is reliably covered in the thickness of the roofing cake serves longer, since it is not exposed to external influences.
On the insulation, the condensate is not formed on the top of the roof, it does not wet, retains high thermal insulation qualities for 20-25 years.
Close to the surface of the plates of the thermal insulation layer, it makes it easy to carry out their replacement and repair of the roof.

Green roofing

This type of roof exploited turns the top of the building in a blooming oasis, with lawns, flower beds or small beds with kitchen greenery and vegetables. In the conditions of high bubbling of cities, the green roof is not only the decoration, but the means of their recovery and relaxation.

The peculiarity of this type of roof is that on top of the insulation, we lake the geotextile layer to hold the soil layer and actually the land itself, which is subsequently covered with a cereal lawn mixture. It is important to choose high-quality, reliable waterproofing and moisture-proof insulation, for example, polystylene.

Ventilated roofing

The invention of the ventilated roof solves the problems of moisture accumulation in the thickness of roofing pie. It penetrates there with various ways: it settles in the form of condensate on the insulation, accumulates in the concrete tie, remains in the layers of the old roof. The breathable roof gives excessive water output - aerators installed at the rate of 1 piece by 50 square meters. m.

Ventilated roofing

Benefits of ventilated roofs:

For installation, no removal of the previous roofing is required.
Aerators guarantee an effective evaporation of moisture, and the new layer of scrubbing is effectively sewing it through the drainage system.
The method of use of which is possible both during repair and during the primary installation of the roof

Flat roofs of different types opens up many opportunities to implement bold design projects. This is the future of housekeeping, modern technology of careful use of free space, because the arrangement on the roofs of greenhouses, gardens, the placement of solar panels will make the life of urban residents more comfortably and comfortable.

Video instruction

All urban multi-storey and industrial buildings are houses with flat roofs. Moreover, today many who love modern style in architecture, prefer to have a flat roof in their private homes. It really looks stylish, but, among other things, at home with such a roof is more functional - you can equip the winter garden on them or use the roof as a platform for recreation in the warm season. Therefore, we immediately move to the description of the installation stages and consider it in detail it.

Flat roof is perfect for those who use it as an open floor.

Sounds of mounting and design of roofing "cake"

Installation of a flat roof assumes the presence of a roofing "cake". It has high heat-shielding properties that impede the overheating of the attic in the summer and allow you to keep warm in winter. In addition, the roofing "pie" is able to prevent the formation of condensate, the insulation will be protected from moisture, and the roof will not appear icons and icicles. It is important to comply with its correct device.

The design of the roofing "cake" involves the presence of several layers:

bearing base;
a layer of steam isolation;
multi-layered insulation;
hydraulic protection.

It should be started with the preparation of the foundation. It should be aligned, cleaned, cracks in concrete to fill with polyurethane sealant, based on the flow rate of 180 g per 1 p. With a seam width of 5 cm and a depth of 0.3 cm. The next step is priming using epoxy primer. On porous surfaces, 0.2 kg per 1 sq.m is needed, on non-porous - 0.12 kg. The primer is mixed with a low-speed mixer to obtain a homogeneous mass, after which it is divorced by water. It is applied to the surface with a painting roller or brush. After the listed surface of the base, it is amenable to reinforcement. For this, special mastic is applied (14 kg per 1 cubic meter). Before the polymerization, the construction bandage is stacked on it, and after polymerization - one more layer of mastic.

Any roof needs vapor barrier. For this purpose, polypropylene and polyethylene films are used, which are attached to nails or folders or glued. At the same time, you need to save 10 cm of the gap for ventilation so that steam does not accumulate under the film. The thermal insulation material should fit tightly to the surface of the roof, to the pipes and ventilation blocks.

Insulation of the roof and materials of thermal insulation

The insulation is responsible for saving in the house of heat and comfort. Properly chosen materials of thermal insulation will not only contribute comfort in its walls, but also will allow to significantly save on heating. Therefore, it is always necessary to pay attention to the quality of the roof insulation, as low thermal conductivity, fire safety, vapor permeability required for good room ventilation; Resistance to moisture and various mechanical damage.

It is very important that the material from which the insulation consists, was resistant to point loads. In 80% of cases damage to the roofs, they are the causes of many problems. The main ones are:

impairment of waterproofing, as a result of which moisture reaches roofing "cake" and destroys it;
applying serious damage at thaw due to the altitude of snow;
the appearance of "cold bridges", increasing heat loss.

To protect the roof from such troubles, it is necessary to ensure that it happened in accordance with all the rules and regulations of construction, and also need to control the quality of the materials used. One of the most common materials, without which thermal insulation and, - stone wool. It is very easy in laying and withstands the temperature of 1000 ° C. In addition, polyurethane foam, foam concrete, foam-glass and extrusion polystyrene are often used as roofing thermal insulation material. Let us dwell on each form of the material.

Polyurethane foam (PPU) is highly manufacturable and has additional waterproofing properties. However, it cannot be left as an finishing coating, since the hopping of Ultraviolet will make it fragile and reduce the service life, insulation is its main purpose. But this material has good maintainability and is easily amenable to local repairs. On 1 cubic meters it will take 60-80 kg of PPU. Such a number is due to the fact that the polyurethane is inclined to burning, but its use is in this ratio reduces its combustible qualities. When exposed to direct fire, the PPU melts, and when the source of fire is eliminated - instantly fades.

Foam concrete has a higher thermal conductivity coefficient in comparison with the PPU, so reliable insulation will turn out if its thickness and cost of material will be higher, on average, 250 kg per 1 cubic meter. However, due to this, the load on the roof over the roof increases.

Extrusion expanded polystyrene refers to the plane materials of thermal insulation. Warming with its use has become very massive and is very popular thanks to the simplicity of laying. The plates are tightly stacked over the entire surface and glued together, after which the roof is considered completely insulated.

Thermal insulation using stone wool implies an identical to the previous way of laying. The difference consists in the material itself. Stone wool plates usually have two degrees of density. The side with elevated density is often marked with a black stripe. It is this side of the stove should lie upstairs.

The foam glass is placed on a smooth dry surface, sprung by molten bitumen. The foam glass blocks are superimposed at some distance from adjacent blocks and move to them diagonally. To lock the position of the plate and remove the excess bitumen from under it, you need to press the middle foot. The foam glass is high strength, resistant to high temperatures and exposure to many acids, has a low thermal conductivity than ensures maximum insulation. However, its high cost often makes it less attractive for use as thermal insulation material.

It can be carried out in many ways, but the most popular one is bituminous. On it and stop. Bituminous mastic stir the drill with a nozzle for 5 minutes. The first layer is made more liquid than the next. It is applied with a density of 90-120 g per 1 sq.m. The next bitumen layer is applied after drying the previous one, after about 10-12 hours. The more layers will be, the higher the protection.

Features of the device of a flat roof

The device of flat roofing divides them to exploited, non-exploitable, inversion and traditional. The device of the inversion roof is characterized in that the layer of thermal insulation is located above the waterproofing, and not under it. This allows you to protect it from ultraviolet, mechanical damage, temperature drop. Does not imply additional roof use, its installation is most accessible at a price. Expands the active use of the roof surface (the presence of a sports or helicopter platform, cafe). In this regard, its device is more expensive than the device of non-exploitable roofs, but also more durable.

Despite the fact that the roof is called flat, it still has a small bias (1-4%). This design allows the sediment to go on their own. The device of any roofing design must withstand a load of 200 kg per 1 sq. M, its weight and weight of the roof covering. Therefore, it is placed on durable reinforced concrete plates with a width of 4-5 cm and 40 x 40 cm sizes to increase reliability.

The final and one of the most important stages of construction is the construction of a roof. The classical decision is the scope structures, but in recent years there has been an explicit tendency to the device of flat roofs. The secret of their popularity is the mass of advantages. Previously, flat, or, as they are also called, combined roofs were erected on the buildings of administrative, civil, medical, sports purposes. Today, the scope of their application has significantly expanded and includes residential and country construction.

Features of flat roofing

The main difference of this type of roof is the use of sheet and piece materials that form when laying a solid carpet. These include materials of bituminous and bitumen-polymer type, mastic. To increase resistance to temperature fluctuations and mechanical deformations, such carpets must have increased elasticity. The base of the base for the carpet is performed by bearing plates, the surface of the heat insulating layer and screed. Mounted one on another layers as a result form roofing pie.

Pros of flat designs

More recently, many have avoided the devices of the roofs of a flat type, without being confident in the feasibility of such a solution. However, in reality, these structures have a number of obvious advantages:

Flat roofs allow you to get an additional useful area that can be used as a recreation area, turn it into the pool, garden, etc.
An important advantage is the ability to save on the material, because with the same architectural basis, the plane coating is much smaller on the area.
It is increasingly more convenient to lay the flat roofing of roofing: all materials can be placed nearby and work in a safe position.
Significantly simplified maintenance of flat roofs and repair work.
Additional area is added without increasing or changing the contours of the structure, which is very important in conditions of large cities, where the lack of territory and ecology is listed in the list of the most pressing problems.

disadvantages

One of the minuses of flat bobbing roofs is considered to be regularly observed for the degree of humidifier of the insulation and the preservation of the tightness of the waterproofing coating.
With frequent and strong snowfalls on a flat roof a large snow mass accumulates, increasing the load provided to the design and often leading to leaks.
There is a certain risk of blockage of blockages in the inner system of drainage or its freezing.
To avoid damage to the roofing coating, it is necessary to clean the surface from snow clusters from time to time.

Roofing nodes

For reliable protection of roofing pie from external influences with special care, it is necessary to perform areas of its adjoining to such building structures as parapets, walls, pipes, external parts of ventilation systems, etc.

The main nodes of a flat roof are:

adjoining assembly;
svax assembly;
a node of passage through the roof.

The installation of the nodes is made on the reinforced concrete basis in those areas where the cutting cake is adjacent to vertical designs. Often, the manufacturers of roofing materials are developing their own systems: each of them can have certain design features.

The main requirement that is presented to the nodes is to ensure the sealing of the joint and its heat shields.

Main components of flat roofing of different types

Operated and non-exploited roofs

The roofing device of the type of exploited type is justified on buildings providing for the periodic output of people to the roof or the location on it heavy items.

A constructive feature of such roofs is the need to create a rigid base or a special screed over the waterproofing layer. Such a measure is necessary to increase the strength of the structure and the uniform distribution over it. Increased rigidity of the base will preserve the integrity of the waterproofing layer and warn it.

A distinctive feature of the roofing of non-exploitable type is the absence of the need to lay a rigid base over waterproofing. In this case, uses a soft insulation. Creating this type of roofs is advisable in the case when there is no need for the maintenance of the structure, since there is no pressure on the roofing surface. In cases where there is a need to care for such a roof or conducting certain works, the issue is solved by mounting special transitional bridges or traps, due to which a uniform distribution of pressure on the surface occurs.

Having arrange the non-exploitable roof, you can spend much less finance than when the device is operated, but it should be noted that it will serve much less.

Other types of flat roofs

The design features of flat roofs have formed the basis of their separation into the following types:

classic;
inversion;
ventilated.

Traditional solution is classic variety of flat designs. Otherwise, they are called soft.

In the classic version of the base function, the bearing stove performs. By its vapor barrier coating, laying of heat-insulating material is made - in many cases, plates based on mineral wool are used. Since the heat insulation layer also needs protection (in particular, on the effects of atmospheric precipitation), a waterproofing carpet is satisfied, the basis for which bitumen-containing rolled materials is served.

The structure of flat inversion roofs is fundamentally different from the classic type: in this case, the insulation layer is located above the waterproofing membrane, and not under it. Such specificity allows you to protect waterproofing from the negative effects of ultraviolet rays, from the loss of high-quality characteristics as a result of freezing and subsequent thawing, with a sharp change in the temperature regime. Such a location also warns mechanical damage to the waterproofing membrane, due to which the duration of the operational period of the roof is significantly increased.

Inversion structures are very convenient to use as operated. They can land plants, grass, put light furniture, etc.

The ventilated roofing device allows you to solve the problem of moisture accumulation in the insulation plates and overlap, which often becomes the cause of bubbles, leading to subsequent leaks and breaking the roofing carpet. The specifics of the plane roofs of the ventilated type is partially fixing the first layer of carpet using glue to the roof or laying on mechanical locks. Such a feature allows you to create an air gap between the roof and the base, eliminating the significant pressure of the water vapor. The message with the outer air is carried out through the roof contour adjoining or by means of a device of special exhaust deflectors.

The base is one of the meaningful components of flat designs.

To obtain a high-quality, functional and durable roof, it is necessary to plunge the plan for a flat design in advance. Such a measure will significantly simplify the installation process itself. In many cases, the main nodes of a flat roof are:

the carrying design - its functions can perform a monolith, overlapping on a professional foot or carrier concrete plate;
layer of thermal insulation;
layer of waterproofing;
the incident layer whose function is water removal;

The initial stage when creating a flat design is the preparation of the base. The coating coating of such a roof in most cases is the profiled steel sheets or solid wood-based coatings.

In the case of an uneven surface of the reinforced concrete base, it is required to create an aligning screed from a sandy-cement solution or sandy asphalt concrete. The thickness of the screed is determined by the basis of the base:

on a concrete base - from 10 to 15 mm;
on rigid insulation plates - from 15 to 25 mm;
soft insulation plates - from 25 to 30 mm.

With the magnitude of the roof of the roof, less than 15%, the screed is first located on the rash, after which - on the rods.

With an indicator, more than 15% of the action must be carried out in the reverse order: first of all, to align the rods, after which go to work with endowers and rash.

All the elements protruding above the roofing surface (parapet walls, chimneys, etc.) are treated with plaster at a minimum of 25 cm. Over the plastered surface, special rails are installed. Their function is to fix the rolled carpet type.

To improve the quality of the adhesion of the base and rolled carpet, the roofing of the roof screed is made. Prior to operation, the surface is thoroughly cleaned.

Soft roofing materials

In the device of flat roofs at the initial stage, all roofing materials are necessary to prepare for further use.

If rolled materials are used, their careful inspection is performed for the presence of different types of defects: cracks, irregularities, oil spots. After that, they are rolled and withstand in this form or expanded inside out.

Roofing mastic performs two functions at the same time:

Used as independent material to provide seamless coating and for repair work.
It is used as an adhesive for connecting a roll type with a base. Bituminous mastic are used both in cold and hot.

Mastic as an independent roofing material

The composition of flat designs does not always include rolled materials: they can only be applied with mastic.

Masty essentially is a liquid material made on the basis of pure elastic hydrophobic polyurethane resins. After applying a flat roof to the surface under the influence of moisture contained in the air, the process of its polymerization begins, as a result of which the material is transformed into a rubber-shaped solid membrane with excellent waterproofing and protective properties.

By virtue of a number of features, the mastic is almost the perfect material for the device of flat designs. Her main advantages:

reliability;
safety;
resistance to ultraviolet irradiation;
resistance to atmospheric precipitation and development of microorganisms;
beautiful adhesion to the construction surface of any type;
preservation of the initial volume (it does not change even as a result of polymerization);
easy to use: Liquid mastic can be applied by manually - using a roller or brush, or a special way of airless spraying.

Roll Materials for Roof Coating

An important part of a flat roof is the roofing material itself. The most suitable for flat designs are rolled materials. Their styling is carried out on the surface of the brass. With the magnitude of the roof slope, more than 5% in the inner carpet layers, the nest must be 70 mm, in external - 100 mm. With a bias, less than 5% of the overtrown width in all layers is 100 or more than millimeters. Roll strips are stacked in a certain (one) direction.

In the case when the cloth dismissed the cloth in the process of sticking to the side, you must try to move it, and at the same time not to rejoice. In the absence of a result or its insufficiency, the glued part is cut off and glued with a 100-millimeter adhesive.

Laying rolled cloths is carried out in layers. When they are fixed on cold mastic between layers glides, it is necessary to observe a 12-hour interval.

Heat insulation in soft flat roofs

The layer of heat-insulating material can be mounted in two ways: external or internal.

An external (outdoor) method is easier, as a result of which received more distribution. In addition, it can be used in the insulation of the building both at the construction stage and after its end, in the exploited state.

Depending on the number of mounted layers, flat structures include two types of heat insulation:

single-layer;
two-layer.

The choice of a particular type is determined by the heat engineering and the strength requirements that are presented to the roof. When laying on the top of the carrier construction, the so-called "seams of rotation" principle is used.

In the case of a two-layer coating of the junction of the upper and lower plates, also pass "the rotational". In the sections of the insulation of thermal insulation plates to walls, lanterns and parapets are arranged transition heat insulating sides. Thermal insulation is fixed in the following ways:

mechanical, in which the fastening of the professional flooring is carried out with the help of self-tapping screws, and reinforced concrete base - with the help of plastic dowels with a core;
adhesive;
with the help of ballast: it can serve paving slabs or pebbles;
on the basis.

Horizontal ventilation

During the operation of the roof, damage to the vapor barrier layer may occur, as a result of which the moisture enters the insulation, which leads to its freezing during the cold season. All this significantly reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the material. For this reason, the device of the ventilated roof is of great importance.

Flat design ventilation is a system of aerators (plastic or metal tubes), which are located above the membrane of the roof. The system goes to the surface of the roof in the form of umbrellas protected by grids. They should be located in the most towering roof points.

Watercondition system

The magnitude of the roofing slope is very important in the process of drainage - it should be at least 2%. Even a slight slope prevents moisture penetration inside.

In the case of flat design, the drainage system is very important.

Its components are the reception funnels, pipes (water is moving into sewage, special accumulative tanks or to the ground).

The drainage is carried out in two ways:

On the internal system - in this case, the fittings (funnels) are on the surface of the roof, they collect aqueous streams, after which they are sent to the pipes: they are mounted inside the building and are completely isolated from residential premises.
According to external drainage - fastening of pipes is carried out on the outer surface of the walls of the house, so that they can easily be cleaned from the accumulated dirt.

The disadvantage of the outdoor system is the frequent freezing of pipes in winter.

The specific number of funnels, the magnitude of their diameter, the location areas are calculated taking into account the characteristics of the architecture of the building, the conditions of operation of the roof and the maximum amount of precipitation in the region. As a rule, funnels are equipped with filters to prevent penetration into the system of leaves, small birds, etc.

Materials for the drainage system are polyvinyl chloride or metal funnels. The first is more popular because they are not subject to corrosion.

CONCLUSIONS:

The main difference of flat roofs is the use of sheet and piece materials.
According to the structure, the flat roof resembles a multilayer pie.
Such designs allow you to obtain an additional useful area that can be used at your discretion.
The main nodes of the flat roof are: adjoining assembly, node of the sweep, the passage node through the roof.
The constructive feature of the operated roofs is the need to create a hard base or a special screed over the waterproofing layer.
A distinctive feature of the roofing of non-exploitable type is the absence of the need to lay a rigid base over waterproofing.
The design features of flat roofs became the basis of their separation into classical, inversion, ventilated.
The initial stage when creating a flat design is the preparation of the base.
Flat roofs can be arranged using rolled materials or only mastic.
The most suitable roofing coating for flat designs are rolled materials.
The thermal insulation is placed one-layer or two layers.
Ventilation of flat structures is a system of aerators over a roof membrane.
Flat roofs can have an inner and external drainage system.

What requirements are presented to the flat roof under the coating roll materials you can learn from the video.

Flat roofs their types and designs can be classified:

For the purpose of the surface. It can be operated and non-exploited.
By way of laying roofing pie. May be traditional and inversion.
By type of construction. It may be an attic and nonsense.
Separately allocate ventilated and non-ventilated designs.

Operated roof

The operated flat roof can be used as parking, helipad, tennis court, swimming pool, green roof and just a terrace. In any case, it is necessary to calculate the possible load on the roof.

Load from operation (human weight, auto, water in the pool, etc.).

In some cases, the roof is exposed to a pressure of 20 tons per square meter.

Also, due to the peculiarities of the device of a flat roof, it is strongly exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Together, these factors mean that the choice of building materials for such a roof should be suitable with special care.

The roofing cake of the roof of the roof is as follows:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap.
Singing layer. It is performed from slag, concrete, ceramisit, wedge-shaped mineral insulation and other similar materials. Top is fixed with a concrete tie. Angle angle up to 3%. We are necessary for high-quality water removal in the required direction. The bias is always suitable for waterproofing to ensure the flow of water on it.
Aligning concrete tie.
Waterproofing. It is performed from bitumen, polymer, PVC materials and sealants. Regularly use the runneroid, laying it into two layers, while it is important that the joints of the upper and lower rows do not coincide.
Heat insulation. Keeps in the room warm in winter and cool in the summer. Requires a thorough approach to the calculation of thickness. In case of error, the formation of condensate indoors is not excluded. If not an inversion type of roof is used, and the traditional, the insulation must be resistant to a pair. If, on the contrary, resistance to water absorption should be present.
Drainage layer. Given the technology of a flat roof, water should flip over the surface into drainage trays. But in other cases, the moisture can enter the joints between the tile used as the finishing element of the pavement, or soaked into the ground when using a green roof. So that the elements of the roofing pie are not wet, are suitable for a drain layer, which takes water in the desired direction.
Next, it all depends on the type of roof exploited. If this is a green roof - stacked geotextiles, which will not give the roots of plants to destroy the roofing pie. If this is a roof terrace, or parking - the drainage layer is a concrete screed under the tile, or another finishing material.

We note that when using the traditional roof, the order of the elements of the roofing cake is changing. Parosolation, then the insulation, and only then waterproofing are stacked by the succumbing layer.

On the advantages and disadvantages of this method just below.

Non-exploited roof

The non-exploitable flat roof is characterized by its economy. It is not intended to withstand any loads except snow. This allows less thoroughly suitable for the choice of building materials.

The device of roofing pie of this type of roof the following:

Iron-concrete slab overlap. Instead, the use of profiled sheets with high wave height, type H-153 and H-158 is allowed.
Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation.
Heat insulation.
Waterproofing.
Ballast gravel layer. The thickness of such a layer should be from 10 to 20 centimeters. We are necessary to protect waterproofing from the effects of ultraviolet rays and fire prevention.

Once again, we draw your attention that layers of steam, heat and waterproofing can vary in places depending on the type of roof used.

Traditional roof

The device of a flat roof along the traditional type is used for a very long time. At the same time, roofing cake will look like this:

Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation. It is necessary to protect the insulation from steam outgoing from the room. Otherwise, even in the case of single-rise humidification of the heat-insulating layer, there is a significant increase in thermal conductivity. It is performed from specialized vapor insulation membranes and films.
Heat insulation. It is allowed to use almost all types of insulation, even with a low percentage of moisture resistance.
Further on the traditional drawing of the roof of a flat roof should be laid a layer of waterproofing. Consider, it must be certainly high-quality, as it is absolutely not protected from temperature drops.

The advantages of the traditional roof is that it guarantees the protection of the heat-insulating layer from wetting. First, it allows the use of the entire range of insulation for the roof. Secondly, the insulation will not lose its characteristics of thermal conductivity, it means that there will always be a comfortable temperature regime in the room.

At the same time, such a flat roof design puts under the waterproofing. It is maximally exposed to temperature drops, which leads to its accelerated aging. Also, the insulation does not protect the waterproofing from external power loads, which again adversely affects its service life. In general, this kind of roof is less durable and requires enough frequent repair work.

Inversion roof

It is a more progressive view of a flat roof device. Presses the device of the next roofing cake:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap, or professional flooring.
Layer of bias formation.
Aligning concrete screed.
Primer under waterproofing, for better fitness. During this process, a screed for cracks and water bubbles is carefully examined. Cracks are lubricated with mortar, water bubbles are removed.
Waterproofing.
Heat insulation.
Next, either the drainage or ballast layer, depending on whether the roof will be operated or not.

Inversion roof has the following advantages:

Protection of the waterproofing film from temperature drops. As a result, it extends the life of the film in particular, and the service life of the roof as a whole.
The insulation redistributes power loads on waterproofing in such a way that it is not reflected on it.
The extruded polystyolster, which is customary to use as thermal insulation in this form of the roof, is cheaper than mineral wool used for the traditional roof.
The inversion design of a flat roof allows you to produce more repairs, if necessary, replace, or add insulation.

There are cons who belong to:

It is permissible to use insulation only with closed cells to prevent their excessive wet.
The need to install a more complex design of the drainage gutters.

Children's roof

The technology of the device of a flat roof with a attic implies the possibility of using two types:

The dumping roof is a light superstructure, and the attic overlap acts as the main supporting structure.
An attic overlap and the abduction roof is independent of each other and are capable of equally well to withstand power loads.

The advantages of the roof with the attic is:

The ability to continuously control the tightness of the waterproofing layer.
The ability to regularly monitor the state of the insulation.
Insulation can be laid after the roof was mounted.
The attic itself performs the functions of thermal insulation.

The disadvantages include:

The impossibility of mechanical cleaning from snow, subject to the use of an abduction roof as an easy superstructure. Instead, the attic is blocked by hot dry air, which provides tapping snow from above and its gradual gathering.
This kind of roof is more expensive.

Bescaneous roof

The more popular is the Bescaneous roof. She is:

It is cheaper than an attic.
Simply mounted.
Provides melting of snow due to heat from the room.

Bescaneous flat roof has a significant drawback:

There is no possibility to timely determine the violation of the waterproofing layer. Damage data is manifested as a wet spot on the ceiling, due to which it is impossible to determine the exact location.

Ventilated and non-ventilated roof

Roof ventilation is arranged between insulation and waterproofing layer. Thus, a constant circulation of air is achieved, which ensures constant dryness of the insulation. Used with the traditional type of roofing pie.

When ventilating device, it is important to adhere to the following recommendations:

The height of the ventilation opening is at least 1/30 of the width of the building.
The diameter of the opening is at least 1/150 total roof area.
Air inlets should be located lower than the output.
Holes are evenly distributed over the width of the entire building.

In turn, the non-ventilated roof does not require the creation of additional elements of the roof of flat roofs. But this slightly reduces the life of the heat-insulating material.