How to distinguish genitive from dative. Accusative. How to distinguish accusative from genitive

Changing the endings of parts of speech that have a case category makes it possible to use the necessary forms of words for communication in a sentence. Accuracy and literacy of speech depends on the ability to correctly use words in the right case. Distinguishing genitive from accusative is not difficult if you know what each of them serves.

Genitive:

indicates that the subject of speech belongs to someone or something (the nest of the oriole; advice of a friend; city streets);
reflects the ratio of part and whole (a cup of tea; a loaf of bread; a lock of hair);
used if there is a comparison without indicating the subject of comparison (harder than steel, softer than silk, colder than ice);
indicates a connection with the verb that is used with the particle not (do not be afraid of the dark; do not see the horizon, do not love your neighbor);
indicates a connection with a verb denoting desire or intention (wanting good; wish good luck, evade responsibility).

In each of these cases, genitive nouns are dependent words. From the main questions to them, you can ask: there is no one? or not what?

Accusative means:

action aimed at the subject of speech (reading a book; stroking a dog, eating a sandwich);
spatial and temporal relationships (overcome an obstacle; take a barrier; work a week).

From the main word to the accusative noun, one can ask the questions: see who? or see what?

Conclusions site

Inanimate nouns have different endings and answer the question (no) what? in the genitive case, (see) what? in the accusative case.
For example:
I can do without (what?) An umbrella. (R. p.)
I'll plant (what?) A tree. (V. p.)
The endings of animate nouns in the genitive and accusative cases can be the same. Distinguish between cases in this case should be within the meaning of the sentence.
For example:
I cannot do without my father's help. (who? ancillary question: no one? - R.P.)
We remember our father as young and energetic. (who? auxiliary question see who? - V.P.)
The case of immutable nouns is also determined by context.
For example:
I want to buy a new coat. (who? what? - V.P.)
The cage was without a kangaroo. (who? what? - R.P.)

The genitive case answers the questions of whom? what?

and the accusative case answers the questions of whom? what?

Confusion arises, since animate nouns answer in both cases to the same question who ?.

In order to correctly determine the case or ending in the case, we learn to distinguish with the help of auxiliary words.

For genitive this is there is no one, what? no son, home, family, snow maiden,

for accusative case this is see who, what? I see my son, home, family, Snow Maiden.

If you substitute these helper words when declining a word or determining a case, then everything will be easy and correct.

Hello. Please tell me how to write it correctly!

In our case, the consumer is an inanimate noun.

Option 1: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 2: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Option 3: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 4: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Which of the options are correct?

Compare with the sentence:

The hard drive has seals.

Here everything seems to be unambiguous.

to come back to the beginning

Probably, here you need to be able to distinguish the action or the form of what is happening. Most of them confuse the question Who? , which is in both the nominative and accusative cases.

So here is the genitive question Who? differs from the accusative Who? an auxiliary word that is recommended to be remembered.

For the genitive case there is the word no and for the accusative case there is the word that. Asking a question with an auxiliary word, we get a noun with a different ending. Example - no sister, no hamster, rye - genitive. I see a sister, a hamster, rye - the accusative case.

Here is a table with auxiliary words for each case, which make it easier to determine the case.

To determine if accusative or genitive, you need to first determine whether a given noun is animate. The fact is that animate nouns in both genitive and accusative cases answer the question who? . If the noun is inanimate, it answers in the genitive case to what? , but in the accusative case to what? - a question that matches the nominative question word.

The noun needs to be checked - whether it is combined in the genitive case with the word no. For example, in the question No what? . The accusative case is checked by compatibility with verbs in the first person, singular, present tense, for example I know, I see;. I see what? - chair or I see who? - student . As we can see, the accusative and genitive forms are the same for animate and masculine nouns of the second declension.

Instead of an animate masculine noun in the second declension, substitute any word of the first declension. For example, No one? - student, I see who? - student. The first declension for the genitive case is y, and for the accusative case у.

We replace the plural noun with an inanimate noun of the same form, after which we determine the case in the same way. For example - I know (whom?) People need to be replaced with I know (what?) names. It turns out that names is a noun in plural in the accusative case.

If we take an example with the genitive case - we replace I know the address (whom?) Of friends on I know the addresses (what?) of firms. Firm is in genitive plural.

Try to determine the case of non-inflected nouns (coffee, coat, etc.) using key questions. If it is difficult to determine by questions, use the option with a replacement for any noun (declension).

Once upon a time I was confused with this too. So, the genitive case answers the question of who and what, and the accusative - who, what. The simplest thing in this case can be done to distinguish the case, is to substitute the word see or not. If the word no is suitable, then the case is genitive; if I see it, it is accusative.

The problem with determining the case arises only for animate nouns, because inanimate nouns answer in the genitive and accusative cases different questions and hence have different endings. In the genitive case, is it a question of what? and in the accusative what? Therefore, the easiest way to deal with animate nouns is to kill them, sorry for that expression. It will look something like this: Brought home a rabbit, the question of Whom ?, an animated noun, so we kill it in this way: Brought home the carcass of a rabbit, the question turns out to be What?, And therefore the accusative case. Likewise, I don't have a rabbit. Again the question of Whom? and an incomprehensible case We kill, we get I do not have a rabbit skin and the question turns out What?, and therefore the genitive case. So we were taught at school, a little brutally, but easy to remember.

To distinguish the accusative from the parent case, one must ask the question:

For the accusative case - Who (or what) should you blame for your troubles? answer: yourself, your laziness, TV.

For the genitive case, ask the question: The culprit has no one? - a lawyer. The culprit has nothing? - protection.

The genitive answers the questions: Whom? Quot ;, What? The accusative answers the questions: Whom? , What? Example: I got (Who? What?) Brother, a mug .

It can be difficult distinguish genitive from accusative in a sentence. The fact is that for animate nouns they both answer the question whom?... You can replace an animate object with an inanimate one in such a sentence and see what question you can ask: if what?, then this is the genitive case, if what? accusative.

For example:

I see an elephant (who?). Replace the word elephant on table... I see a table (what?). Hence, this is the accusative case.
There is not a single elephant (who?). By analogy, we get: There is not a single table (what?). This means that in the given sentence the genitive case is used.

Case declensions refer to the section of the Russian language Genitive case answers the questions -NO- who? what?, and the accusative case - I SEE who? what?. That is, when determining the cases, it is enough to substitute the corresponding words and check whether the checked word corresponds to the corresponding case. Then you don't have to remember a bunch of all the rules.

Schoolchildren usually confuse and poorly distinguish between accusative and genitive cases. I myself remembered that it was difficult at school until I was prompted efficient way, which consists in the fact that you need to substitute the word see... I see (who? What?) Window, street, mom, magazine.

And the genitive case has questions of whom? what? To determine the genitive case, you can also substitute the word No... There is no (who? What?) Window, street, magazine.

You will need

Nouns in genitive and accusative cases.
Knowledge of case definition.
Knowledge of case determining issues.

Instructions

Genitive
According to the definitions in, the genitive case means:
Belonging to someone or something, for example, "Arctic fox skin", "teacher's journal";

If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, "magazine page (R.p.)";

Displaying the attribute of a subject in relation to another subject, for example, "survey results (RP)";

The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle "not", for example, "does not eat meat (R.p.)";

The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or withdrawal, for example, "to wish for happiness (R.p.)", "to avoid responsibility (R.p.)";

If there is a comparison of objects, for example, "stronger than oak (Rp)";

If the noun is the subject of a measurement, or a genitive date, such as "spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune."

Accusative
According to the definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means:
Transition of the action to the subject completely, for example, “leaf through the magazine”, “drive the car”;

Transfer of spatial and temporal relationships "walk a mile", "rest";

In rare cases, it is formed as a dependence on, for example, "offensive for a friend."

In order to never confuse a noun, it is important to remember that each case in the Russian language corresponds to a universal question, asking which to a given noun, as a result, we get the corresponding case.
The genitive case corresponds to the question "there is no one?" for the animate and "there is nothing?" for inanimate nouns.
The accusative case corresponds to the question "see who?" for the animate and "see what?" for inanimate nouns.
It is extremely difficult to determine the cases of nouns according to its definitions. Let's say that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide.
Here's an example using an animated plural noun:

Nearby I noticed people (see who? - V.p.)

There were no people around (was there anyone? - R.p.)
As you can see, the word is declined in both cases the same.

But, in order to finally make sure of the correctness of the case definition, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animated noun.
For example:

Nearby I noticed a pillar (see who? - V.p.)

There were no pillars around (was there anyone? - R.p.)
The example shows: an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, in contrast to the same noun, which has a genitive case.

From here we can draw conclusions:
1. To distinguish genitive from accusative, ask the noun a defining question.

2. If you define the case of an animate noun, tk. the question "who?" applies to both cases, substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a defining question. For the genitive it will be "what is not?", And for the accusative "see what?" If the word looks like in, then the case of your noun is accusative.

In most cases, the distinction between genitive and accusative forms is not difficult: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, you need to proceed according to the following algorithm.

Instructions

If in front of you is inanimate, then you should ask a question to this. Nouns in

How to distinguish accusative from genitive and nominative?

Perhaps the most interesting of all the cases of the Russian language is the accusative. Because all the rest answer themselves calmly to their questions and do not cause difficulties. With the accusative case, everything is different. It can very easily be confused with nominative or genitive. After all The accusative case answers the questions “Who? What?" The accusative case denotes the object of the action. A noun, being in the accusative case, experiences the effect of another noun, which in this sentence is a predicate. Everything becomes clear on the example: "I love my brother." The noun "brother" will be in the accusative case. And he will experience the feeling of love from the pronoun "I". What you should pay attention to when determining the case, so as not to confuse it with the nominative, is the endings. Below is a table:

To distinguish accusative from genitive, we will use auxiliary words and questions. For the genitive - no (who, what), for the accusative - I see (who, what). As you can see, the questions are different for animate and inanimate objects. Let's play on this.

Let's consider an example:

"Grandma is not at home." Let's substitute an inanimate object - "there are no keys to the house." No one, what? Grandmothers, keys. Genitive.

"I don't see a plate on the table." Let's substitute an animated object - "I don't see my brother on the table." I don't see who - my brother, I don't see what - a plate. Who, what is the accusative case.

Features of the accusative case.

The accusative case is used with such prepositions as “B, for, pro, on, through”. With the accusative case, difficulties can still arise in the case when temporary concepts are indicated in sentences. Let's give an example "To rewrite the abstract all night". The nouns "night" and "abstract" are in this sentence in the accusative case. With such proposals, you need to be extremely careful. Along with the confusion between accusative and nominative, it can also be confused with genitive. Let's give an example: "Wait for mother" and "Wait for message". In the first case, the case will be genitive, and in the second case, the accusative. Here the difference is due to the declination of animate and inanimate objects, as we already wrote above.