Safe boiler house
Boiler houses supply residential, administrative buildings and production facilities. There is centralized (several objects from one source) and autonomous heating. Boiler rooms are located in separate buildings or embedded in the complex of structures (central, autonomous, roof).
Requirements for buildings and equipment
The goal of a complex of fire prevention measures is to ensure the safety and health of people who serve boiler equipment. These activities should cover all areas of the boiler room, the requirements for building, building materials, equipment, fuel storage, operation and repair work should be placed.
Fire requirements for the building of the boiler room are marked in the technical task for construction. Before the construction of the building, the project is coordinated in the territorial department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
The degree of fire resistance of walls, floors, floors, the internal partitions of the boiler room must match. Apply materials that are not burning, do not support burning, no poisonous substances are distinguished during fire.
Doors, at the outlet of the boiler room, open out. Window openings are easily discharged structures in the explosion of the gas-high mixture, must correspond to the calculated area and constructive execution.
The distance in front of the front of the boiler should ensure the safety of the operator during the burner ignition, and provide the ability to evade from uncontrolled flame emissions.
The gas pipeline on the entry into the boiler room is equipped with an electromagnetic valve, which overlaps the fuel supply when the gas analyzer is triggered or disabled electricity.
The power supply of the boiler room is performed in accordance with the requirements of explosion and fire safety. Protection eliminates the risk of fire when short circuit or network overloads. The boiler room includes an emergency lighting device, lightning protection and grounding (oil or gas pipelines, including).
Boilers refer to the category of production of high fire hazard and equip. The fire wardrobe (mounted, built-in or attachment) is installed next to fire cranes and seal. On the cabinet door, the explanatory letter, the tap number and the fire service telephone number, indicate. The location of fire cranes should provide access of two jets (with a given pressure and consumption), in each point of the room.
Safety during operation
The chief engineer organizes the work and controls the compliance with the approved "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation" in the enterprise. The object responsible for fire safety is obliged to hold introductory, primary, repeated, targeted and unscheduled instructions in the workplace with employees.
Fire and technical minimum classes are organized with boiler house workers regularly. Planned fire fighting training is carried out once a year, to work out skills and agreed actions of workers.
The regulations of the enterprise prescribes the procedure for the actions of workers in the event of a fire. Evacuation plan, chambers with emergency call numbers of fire services and instructions on the actions of personnel in a fire are postponed in prominent places.
When operating a boiler room, it is prohibited:
- allow personnel without special training and qualifying certificate;
- operate equipment with faulty burners and fuel supply system (gas, fuel oil);
- work with a disabled or defective automation of instrumentation (control, adjustment);
- serve fuel in the furnace (gas, fuel oil) with an extinct burner;
- to start the boiler without blowing;
- use surfaces of boilers and steam pipes for drying things (overalls);
- store gas cylinders (propane, oxygen), gasoline and other, easily flammable liquids;
- smoking in the workplace;
- carry out temporary fireworks without compliance with the rules (outfit);
- work in oiled overalls.
In the boiler room tools and designate a permitted place for smoking.
Passages in the boiler room provide access to technological equipment. It is impossible to store in the aisles easily flammable and other materials, overlapping the path of evacuation during the fire.
Pure and spent rags are stored in specially designated places, in closed containers. The used wiping material is removed from the boiler room at the end of the shift and utilize.
The flue pipes of boiler rooms that work on corner or firewood are equipped with sparks. Easily flammable residues of combustion products are cleaned to prevent the chimney fire. Sale, from the surfaces of the economizer pipes, is removed by the buckle of steam.
Alarm placement
The fire alarm system is installed in boilers for the timely detection of the focus of ignition, alerts on the danger, disabling equipment and fire elimination. Modular boiler rooms are equipped with an autonomous fire alarm system at the production stage. Selecting the type of autonomous fire alarm system for stationary industrial boilers depends on the type of fuel used in them.
Sensors (smoke, thermal, light, ionized, manual and combined) transmit a signal over the loop to the control panel or the junction box. There are detectors on the ceiling, disposed of air conditioners and ventilation. When the device is triggered, an alarm sound signal is generated.
Fire alarm devices in the boiler room have uninterrupted power supply (220V network and backup power sources).
Using inventory
The procedure for the use of fire inventory depends on the type of fire. For example, powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers can be used to extinguish the fires of class E. The burning fuel oil is thrown by sand, moving from the edge to the center.
The location of the primary means of fire extinguishing is denoted. Fire extinguishers (powder, foam, carbon dioxide) are located near the technological equipment of the boiler room. The required amount and type of fire extinguishers are determined according to the requirements specified in the technical documentation for equipment. Each fire extinguisher make a passport and assign a sequence number.
Maintenance and recharging are carried out by organizations that have a license for this type of activity. The shock reinforcement of the fire extinguisher fell. , felt, stored in metal cases, in places where equipment is needed from sparks and open fire in the fire.
