The main requirement for warehouses and warehouses. Requirements for warehouse equipment

Warehouses are intended for reception, short-term storage and leave of semi-finished products, raw materials, products delivered from suppliers. They can occupy separate areas, stationed in basements, on the first and ground floors. Key demand for warehouses - ensuring convenient connection with other main workshops.

General

The layout of the premises is carried out towards the movement of raw materials and products while ensuring the most convenient and most rational execution of operations and loading and unloading measures. In large companies that combine some smaller firms, as a rule, there are central warehouses. From there, raw materials are sent to enterprises. Warehouse premises of this type can be used for storing the goods of one company or lease to legal entities and citizens under lease conditions. Square can also be shop. Such warehouses serve specific enterprise divisions in which and are placed.

Complex of operations

In any storage room flows 3 types of material flows: internal, output and input. The presence of the latter means the need to unload transport, check the quality and amount of raw materials or goods. The output stream involves loading or vacation in production. Internal movement - moving materials and goods indoors. The operation of operations include:

Unloading.
Acceptance.
Storage deposit.
Transfer to destination.
Interior movement.

What are the requirements for warehouses installed by law?

For all areas used for the reception, placement and vacation of raw materials and goods, there are special norms. The requirements for warehouse premises ensure the safety of objects, and are also aimed at protecting the health and life of enterprise personnel, its property. First of all, there are norms on the areas under consideration, the execution of which prevents the occurrence of fire. Fire safety requirements for warehouses provide special measures in accordance with which instructions are developed for each object. Each employee when enrolling in the state or when translating from one unit to another should familiarize themselves with them under the painting.

Documentation

Fire safety requirements for warehouses include:

In the instructional regulations.
Manuals for action for employees in the event of a fire.
The procedure for working with combustible materials and substances and their disposal.
Rules of interaction with oils and work with oiled overalls.
Maximum allowable volumes and requirements for storage of fuel.
Schemes of plots allocated for smoking and other open-fire uses.
Terms of inspection of objects, premises, power outages upon completion / shift.

In prominent places there must be plates with the safety telephones.

Key provisions

The following fire requirements for storage facilities are established by regulatory acts:

Smoking within the specified areas is unacceptable.
Places of unloading / loading, storage, vacation and internal movement of raw materials and goods should undergo a mandatory classification into categories of fire and explosion safety. When installing electrical installations, zoning sections is carried out.
It is prohibited to place any objects within fire prevention distances.
On the categories of categories A, B, in the entry of locomotives.
The admission of lifting equipment to hazardous materials is carried out in the presence of and a good state of the sparks.
Fireguard employees should be aware of the presence of flammable materials and substances in warehouses.
Events associated with releasing, eliminate small malfunctions, preparation of workplace mixtures are carried out isolated from storage areas.
The placement of any materials and substances is made taking into account their properties, fire hazard features, the ability to combine the stewed means. Autoresina and rubber must be contained separately from other objects.

In fire requirements for warehouses, the duty of responsible persons is also included to de-energize electrical equipment at the end of the shift / day. In place storage should not be attending duty lighting, gas stoves, plug sockets, electric heating appliances.

Storage should be carried out in the extensions / buildings are separate from farm buildings. The main requirements for warehouse premises containing coarse feed:

1. Partitions / overlaps / walls must be deaf and made of non-combustible materials. The limit of fire resistance is not less than 0.75 hours. Stacks / Skirds, stacks and canopies are located at a distance:

to LEP - more than 15 m;
to roads - more than 20 m;
constructions and buildings - more than 50 m.

2. Plots where stacks / skirds are placed, fall off the strip of 4 m wide throughout the perimeter. Its edge should be removed at a distance of at least 15 m.

3. The area of \u200b\u200bthe base of the stack does not exceed 500 m 2, and for 1 stack / skyrida - 150 m 2.

4. Fire distances constitute no less than 20 meters. In the case of pairwise placement of stacks and canopies between them, there should be no less than six, and between pairs are at least 30 meters.

5. The entrance of tractors-tractors to the skirds / stacks is carried out at a distance of at least 3 meters. At the same time, the cars must be equipped with the sparks.

6. Quarters from no more than 20 skirds / stacks should be located at a distance of one hundred meters from each other.

7. In the case of high humidity, the temperature control is required.

Storage of grain

Before harvesting, crop content should be tested for health and compliance with existing standards. The first requirement for warehouses for storing grain concerns design features. For the content, individual structures with gates opening out and not subject to clutter must be isolated. During the storage, the distance from the top of the embankment to the electrical appliances should be more than 0.5 m. Requirements for storage facilities for grain storage are as follows:

Mobile aggregates are not allowed when the gates are closed on both sides.
It is forbidden to sink the dryers with flammable and combustible fluids, as well as with the help of torches.
In the process of work, the friction of tape and constructs of the conveyor should be excluded.
It is not allowed to perform operations on dryers with defective devices.
The furnaces must be arranged so that the spark is completely excluded. In the flue pipes, sparks are installed, and in the sections of their passage through combustible elements and structures - fire cutting cutting.
Mobile drying units are located at a distance of more than 10 m from the grain storage.
Fans are removed by more than 2.5 m from the walls, which are made of combustible materials.

If security requirements for storage of grain storage are not fulfilled, areas are considered unprepared. During operation it is necessary:

The first requirement for warehouses concerns their design. For storage of more than 10 thousand m 3 forests, appropriate technical standards of construction are used. To keep the smaller volume of materials, develop and coordinate with the structures of Mrs. Plans for installing stacks. The documentation indicates:

Maximum amount of forest.
Fire travel and distances. These gaps should not be clogged under any circumstances.

Another important requirement for warehouses is the availability of an extinguishing plan. It is clearly established by the sequence of personnel actions. In areas of storage of materials, primary means of extinguishing should be present. In addition, special posts must be equipped in accordance with the fire safety plan. For the heating of utility areas, electric heating devices of factory manufacture are used. These premises must be in separate buildings. Workplaces for winches must be cleaned of combustible waste and garbage. They must be removed into special containers. Winches that work on the engine must be located from stacks at a distance of more than 15 m. In closed warehouses:

Partitions and official places are excluded.
Passages opposite the doors - no less than 1 m.
Floors are performed from non-combustible materials.
The distance from the walls to stacks is at least 0.8 m.

Storage peat and coal

Warehouses should be planned so that they are not flooded with soil or flood waters in the spring season. Do not:

Implement coal to old dumps lying more than a month.
Take on storage raw materials with detected foci of self-ignition.
Shipping and transporting a burning peat and coal.
Place the raw materials near the electrical appliances and other heat sources.

The storage of different brands of peat and coal is carried out in separate stacks. At the same time, the raw material is checked for the absence of extraneous inclusions that create a threat to ignition. Loading and unloading are held no more than two days. The same time is allocated for laying peat and coal in a stack for continuous storage.

Systematic control of the temperature mode is carried out by installing in the slopes of thermometers and iron pipes. In case of ignition, coal is removed from the stack. After that, it is stealing with water. With an increase in temperature to the level of more than 60 degrees, a stack seal in the corresponding foci is carried out. At the same time, the excavation of the heated raw materials is made. It is allowed to use other safe ways to reduce temperature. In the event of a slicing peat in the stacks, foci is thrown raw mass or poured with the addition of a wetter. The affected part after that disassembled. Milling peat In case of ignition, you must delete. In place of the excavation should be placed and the raw mass. It is not allowed to return the self-seamless peat or coal in the stack after the completion of their extinguishing.

Production warehouses: Sanpine requirements

Storage of raw materials, goods, materials should be carried out in compliance with the norms established both for the objects themselves and their maintenance, personnel, aggregates and devices, structures / buildings. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for warehouses are divided into 3 groups. Norms developed:

For perfumery and cosmetics.
Refrigerators.
Foods.

Foodstuffs

Existing rules establish the requirements:

Organization of warehouses. The norms are regulated including layout and storage locations.
Sanitary state.
Food raw materials and goods. In particular, the requirements for racks in warehouses are determined.
To the storage conditions of objects.

Food products that are accepted on the warehouse must have accompanying documents. They confirm the quality, origin and safety of objects. In addition, the product is tested for compliance with technical standards. Sanitary requirements for warehouse premises include the rules for storing frozen and perishable goods. Such products, in particular, are stored in an amount that corresponds to the volume of work refrigerators. Perishable goods for which no more rigid mode is provided, contained at temperatures up to +6 degrees.

It is not allowed to drag products from the packaging of the supplier. The packaging should be a whole, dry, clean, not to have extraneous smells. Labels and labels on the packaging of the supplier are stored until the expiration date of the product. Sanitary requirements for warehouses establish rules for compliance with temperature, light regime and humidity in accordance with the technical documentation. Monitoring of indicators is carried out daily using appropriate devices. They are installed in prominent sites, away from evaporators and doors.

Norms of freight neighborhood

Technical regulations establish the following requirements for warehouses of alcoholic and food products:

Products with specific smells are contained separately from objects absorbing them.
The joint storage of raw semi-finished products and finished goods, benign and spoiled products is not allowed. Economic materials, trolleys, containers and non-food objects are made separately from food.
Pallets, racks, sublinks must be disinfected, easily detergent. They must be placed at a distance of at least 15 cm from the floor.
It is not allowed to store foods near sewer, plumbing pipes, heating devices and outside the warehouse. Inadequate foods are not placed on the floor in bulk.

Separate hygienic requirements for warehouses for storing different types of food products are also developed. So, the content of meat, bread, fish has a number of nuances. In particular, these products cannot be stored in one stock.

Refrigerators

In distribution units, the processing of perishable products, storage of cooled and frozen products is carried out. Usually refrigerators are used at catering and trade enterprises. In this regard, special sanitary and hygienic requirements are applied here. Instructions developed for each type of goods, as well as regulatory and technical documents apply to warehouses. All products, with the exception of chilled meat and cheeses without packaging, are stacked in stable stacks tightly, without protrusions. For each batch there is a shortcut of a special form. It remains until the end of the party is completed. To check the mass and quality of products, they are applied to the "K" stamp.

These products are placed separately on pallets or stacks with a face with a pass to aisle or pass. Control sections must be saved until the completion of the implementation. The products are placed on the rails / pallets in the stack at a distance from the floor at least 10-15 cm. Must be installed. Their width is at least 1.6 m, including the distance from walls, batteries and wall columns to stack. The height of the stack is determined in accordance with the strength of the packaging and the maximum allowed loads per 1 kV. m overlapping and conditions of extremely possible use of the inner height of the refrigeration chamber.

It is not allowed to store products on the floor of the corridor, a camera or platform, moving with wolves by floor. In the process of loading batches of products with different storage time, those parties that have a smaller period are placed near the discharge place. To keep the objects of improper quality, a special chamber is highlighted or other separate room. In the process of issuing products, quality is checked by experts according to standards and that. For each batch must be issued a certificate. The document should present the physico-chemical parameters of goods and quality indicators. Sanitary state of cameras, storage conditions of products are controlled in accordance with departmental technological instructions.

Perfumes and cosmetics

In the process of admission to the warehouse of any parties of materials, raw materials, the reagents should be checked by checking the integrity of labels and packages, the availability of certificates. All products are registered. The received parties are contained in special premises isolated from the main production workshops in compliance with the conditions for storing goods throughout the deadlines. At the same time, measures should be taken, preventing pollution and mixing raw materials, materials and reagents, as well as ensuring the convenience of access. Received buses need to be labeled to exclude their production. Any packaging should ensure the safety of product properties, the convenience of using them for the established expiration periods.

Conclusion

The power of any warehouse must comply with the volume of that products that will be stored in it, as well as the principles of rational placement of products. In addition, when planning it is necessary to take into account the need for cleaning and other mandatory technical operations. Plots of reception and placement of products should be separated. For storing flammable and toxic compounds, separate rooms are allocated. In the storage sites, the presence of foreign entities is not allowed without the appropriate permission from the enterprise administration. The device of any warehouse must provide:

Absolute qualitative and quantitative safety.
Proper content conditions.
Rational sequence of operations.
Normal working conditions.

The enterprises also provide for sites for containing containers, inventory, linen, etc. Equipment of warehouses depends on power and type of production, stock price standards. The specificity of the enterprise activity is important. For public and trade organizations, sufficiently strict requirements are provided. This is due to the fact that such enterprises work with food products implemented by the population. Control of the state of warehouses is carried out by the responsible persons of the organization appointed by the order by the leader, as well as representatives of authorized supervisory services.