Firefighting plans and cards

A fire extinguishing plan (PTP) is an operational preliminary planning document that establishes the procedure for extinguishing developed fires and rescuing people at the most important and tactically difficult objects.
A methodological plan for extinguishing fires should provide for: preliminary planning of the organization of hostilities of fire brigades arriving at the scene of the fire and the actions of the facility personnel, their interaction; rational alignment of forces and means involved in extinguishing a fire; timely provision of the head of fire extinguishing (RTP) and the fire fighting headquarters with operational and reference information about the features of the facility, the possible scale of the fire development, as well as the use of extinguishing means and ensuring the necessary safety measures.

Basis for development

Fire extinguishing plans should be drawn up for:

Enterprises (objects) of the oil and gas production and oil and gas processing industry: oil pumping stations with a total capacity of tank farms of 10 thousand m3 and more, gas compressor stations; oil and gas refineries; facilities for the production and treatment of oil and gas on the continental shelf; tank farms with a total capacity of tank farms of 20 thousand m3 and more; gas storage stations; oil and gas production and treatment facilities.
Enterprises (facilities) of the chemical and petrochemical industries: enterprises for the production of synthetic rubber; chemical products using explosive and fire hazardous substances and materials; tires and rubber products; processing and production of liquefied hydrocarbon gases; production of mineral fertilizers.
Enterprises (objects) of the electric power industry: thermal power plants, regardless of their capacity; hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of 20 MW and above; stationary diesel power plants and gas turbine plants with a capacity of 10 MW and above; substations of 500 KW and higher; regional heat supply stations (industrial boiler houses) with a total heat capacity of more than 300 G. cal; reservoir parks of power plants and heat supply stations (district boiler houses).
Enterprises (objects) of the machine-building, metalworking and metallurgical industries, regardless of their production capacity.
Stand-alone technological units and terminals with explosive and fire-hazardous production technology.
Industrial buildings of industrial enterprises and non-industrial buildings in residential buildings with a combustible coating with a total area of 1200 m2 and more.
Enterprises for the storage, processing of wood and the production of cellulose with a capacity of: sawing wood - 50 thousand m3 per year and more; for the production of cellulose and paper 100 thousand tons per year and more.
Transport enterprises (objects): automobile (bus stations, auto complexes and vehicle fleets, tram and trolleybus fleets, technical centers and stations for technical maintenance and repair of technical equipment); railway (metro and railway stations); aviation (airports and air terminals, aviation technical bases); waterway (sea and river ports, terminals);
Medical institutions for 150 or more beds, medical and prophylactic institutions for 200 or more beds, outpatient clinics for 250 visitors per shift, social security houses for 200 or more people.
Public and administrative buildings and structures: administrative and administrative and office and clerical purposes with a number of 150 or more employees; shopping centers, supermarkets, department stores, covered markets with a floor area of 1500 m2 or more; hotels, hostels, motels (campings) from 150 beds and more; higher number of storeys (more than 9 storeys); religious buildings.
Educational and children's institutions: general education schools and boarding schools for 150 or more students, educational institutions of secondary and higher education. kindergartens (factories) for 100 places or more; summer sports and health camps and cottages for children for 100 places or more.
Cultural and entertainment facilities: cinema and concert halls, cinemas, circuses and theaters; museums, art galleries, equipment-studio complexes of TV and radio companies, exhibition halls, parks of culture and rest, zoos; palaces, houses of culture and other entertainment and entertainment complexes.
Sports complexes and indoor and outdoor facilities (stadiums, arenas, swimming pools, hippodromes, cycle tracks, etc.).
Especially valuable objects included in the State Code of especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation; - Enterprises of the food, processing industry and fish industry, trade enterprises, warehouses and bases, regardless of purpose.
Agricultural facilities: mills, feed mills, with a capacity of 300 tons / day and more; mills with a capacity of 200 t / day or more; elevators and grain receiving points with a capacity of 5,000 tons and more; livestock complexes with the number of cattle for 2000 heads or more; pigs for 12,000 heads or more; stables for 2,000 animals or more; shepherds for 15,000 heads of sheep and more; poultry complexes for 500,000 birds and more. - Large and unique objects under construction.

For objects that are not included in this list and are not defined by other departmental documents, DTPs are developed by decision of the head of the territorial UGPS.

The development of the DTP should be preceded by a deep analysis of the operational and tactical features of the facility and its fire-prevention state with forecasting the place of occurrence and development of possible situations, as well as the scale of their consequences, materials of large fires at similar facilities. The developed PTP should be adjusted with the facility's emergency response plan for joint use in the elimination of fires and accidents. When developing a DTP for life support objects of a city (district), the requirements for maintaining a continuous mode of operation of the maximum number of pieces of equipment to provide consumers and participants in fire extinguishing, as well as ensuring the necessary safety measures, must be taken into account.

Composition of plans.

The PTP must be drawn up as a separate book in a hard cover, on paper of a single format with a size of at least 210 x 297 mm (A4 (M11)) and consist of a text part, a graphic part and annexes. The structure and content of the PTP sections should be strictly regulated and determined by this instruction. The textual part of the TPP should consist of the following main sections:

title page (Appendix 4);
table of contents;
forecast of the most probable places of occurrence and development of fires; - calculation of the required amount of forces and means;
organization of interaction between the units of the State Border Service with the life support services of the facility and the territorial services of the city (district);
recommendations of the RTP and officials of the fire fighting headquarters, requirements for compliance with labor protection and safety regulations.

The textual part of the PTP sections should contain:

operational and tactical characteristics of the object;
features and forecast of fire development;
fire-fighting water supply of the facility and the adjacent territory;
water data for calculating the required number of forces and means for each option for extinguishing a fire, the order and possible time of their concentration; - recommended extinguishing agents.

Additionally, specific recommendations should be attached to the RTP, the operational headquarters of firefighting and the rear in the fire; instructions for the interaction of the operational headquarters with the life support services of the facility, city (region) and other organizations; the main duties and procedure for the operation of the facility's maintenance personnel in the event of a fire; necessary design and reference materials related to the development and extinguishing of a fire at this facility.

The graphic part of the TPP should include:

a plan-diagram of an object on the ground (general plan), indicating the gaps to neighboring buildings, options for the rational placement of fire fighting equipment, as well as indicating all water sources;
floor plans, and, if necessary, sections of the main buildings and structures of the facility, with the drawing of roads and driveways;
a scheme for the head of the rear for the placement of fire fighting equipment at water sources (indicating the supply of a possible number of technical extinguishing devices, a scheme for supplying water to pumping or delivering it from remote water sources);
communication organization diagrams in the event of a fire.

On the plan diagram, highlighted contours show: an object of possible fire, adjacent buildings (open technological installations, structures) with an indication of the degree of fire resistance and ruptures; water sources are applied that can be used to extinguish a fire, their volume and distances along the routes of laying hose lines; denote the arrangement of fire trucks arriving at the facility according to the established number (rank) of the fire.

On the floor plans, they show the locations of fire extinguishing media: internal fire hydrants, sprinkler system control units, pumping stations, stationary gas and foam extinguishing installations, smoke protection ventilation units and local electrical control panels, places of power outages, installation of valves on the internal fire-fighting water supply system, the presence of elevators, emergency exits from the premises to the corridors, foyers, lobbies and paths along them to the exit to the staircase or directly outside, the location is indicated: the main technological equipment (indicating its main technical characteristics and operating parameters); direct and reverse technological streams (with an indication of their nominal cross-sections, productivity and operating parameters), inter-block shut-off valves (with an indication of its type, design, speed); fire protection systems (indicating their main characteristics); reduced radius of zones of intensity of impact of a shock wave during an explosion; places of possible formation of a fire and explosion hazardous environment; areas of possible accidents and their causes; probable ignition sources; paths of fire propagation in case of fire; measures to protect areas, assemblies and apparatus from fire and explosion provided for by the project.

The graphic part of the DTP must be made in two copies (one copy for use in a fire as a working material NSh) on a scale, on separate sheets, of a single A4 (M11) format with a size of at least 210 x 297 mm. Recommended formats: master plan - A3 (M12), floor plans and sections - A4 (M11) - A3 (M12). It is allowed for large and operationally complex objects to increase the size up to 594 x 420 mm A1 (M24) format. The sizes of copies of layouts and other schemes should be clear and no more than the established format. The scale is allowed within the range of M1: 50 - M1: 200. All materials of the graphic part and recommendations for participants in extinguishing the fire must be protected from damage. At the same time, large format sheets should be able to fold up to the established format of the fire extinguishing plan.

Recommendations (instructions) for officials must be drawn up in two copies: one is included in the fire extinguishing plan, and the second is issued to each official for guidance in the process of extinguishing the fire.

Calculation and reference materials for the chief of the operational headquarters of firefighting and other officials of the State Fire Service should be attached as annexes to the PTP. For example, a scheme for organizing communication at a complex object; a diagram indicating the number of trunks (manual and stationary) that can be entered from vehicles installed at the water sources closest to the fire site, taking into account the work of several compartments from one vehicle, the layout and organization for the effective use of ladders and articulated car lifts; schemes for organizing the work of a filling point near a reservoir and supplying water to cars powered by supply water; schemes for organizing the use of auxiliary equipment, etc.

Fire extinguishing card (KTP) is a document containing basic data about the facility, which allows the RTP to quickly and correctly organize the actions of fire departments to rescue people and extinguish the fire. The fire extinguishing card is drawn up for objects not included in the list of objects for which fire extinguishing plans are drawn up, as well as for technological installations; electrical substations with voltage from 110 kV to 500 kV with constant presence of service personnel, cable compartments of power facilities; to nurseries, kindergartens and industrial complexes, boarding schools, schools; medical, cultural and entertainment institutions, public and administrative buildings, high-rise residential buildings, as well as settlements in rural areas. By the decision of the heads of the SBS divisions, the KTP can be drawn up into objects that represent specific features in operational and tactical terms. KTP should be placed on the established printing forms of a single format 150 x 200 mm, developed in the garrisons of the fire brigade. The title page of the KTP is made in a drawing font, in capital letters, 8-12 mm high. KTP should contain information about the object, which is developed in the form of a table. The KTP should determine the order of interaction between the units of the State Border Service with the service personnel of the facility. The graphic part of the KTP includes the general scheme of the facility and floor plans. They must be performed on a scale from 1: 200 to 1: 500, which is indicated on the drawings, in compliance with the rules of construction drawing and conventional operational and tactical designations. The scale should match the size of the card. With significant building sizes, it is recommended to carry out floor layouts on the scale of an unfolded insert measuring 200 x 300 mm.

The graphic part should be visual and not cluttered with secondary elements. The object diagram shows: the selected contours of the object; adjacent buildings with an indication of the ruptures and the degree of their fire resistance; the nearest streets and entrances to the object; water sources included in the plan-schemes, with distances along the route of laying the hose lines; places of installation of ladders, articulated car lifts and other elements of interest when organizing hostilities by fire departments.

On the floor plans, the following should be presented: layout, characteristics of structural elements of the building, entrances and exits, locations of inter-apartment crossings, stationary fire escapes, the number of places for accommodating people in each room, the location of the service personnel. Rooms on the plans are signed or numbered with their names on the footnote. In KTP, for childcare facilities, bedrooms where children are accommodated at night are highlighted in red. The insert of the document should contain data received daily by the fire department on the number of children at night. On the front side of such cards, diagonally, from right to left, a red stripe 10-15 mm wide is applied.

For warehouse and retail facilities, in addition to general requirements, fire extinguishing cards must contain data on material values, methods of their storage and evacuation, properties of fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials, typical hazardous situations in a fire and complications in the course of combat operations, used fire extinguishing agents.

On the plans of buildings, the corresponding conventional signs indicate the places of storage of hazardous substances, possible explosions, poisoning, electric shock. In KTP for cable tunnels, it is necessary to indicate the cable compartment, section; the procedure for switching on stationary fire extinguishing installations; measures to create safe conditions for the work of personnel and fire departments to extinguish a fire (connect grounding devices, issue dielectric boots and gloves); the procedure for issuing a written permit for extinguishing a fire to the first RTP, in the graphic part of the KTP, a plan of the cable compartment should be presented with the application of entrances and hatches, sectional partitions, a stationary fire extinguishing installation, cable branches to adjacent rooms and ventilation devices

Scheme 1: An example of the alignment of forces, means and the choice of a decisive direction for extinguishing a fire

Scheme 2. An example of a tactical disposition of forces and means for extinguishing a fire

Scheme 3. Scheme of extinguishing an aviation fuel fire