How does a Unilos septic tank work? The principle of operation of the station septic tank astra. Treatment plant device

everyone gets into the reception chamber wastewater from the house, bacteria also enter with them. A compressor is installed inside the septic tank, which pumps oxygen into the cleaning chamber in order to process human waste.

High levels of sewage processing are achieved thanks to the principle of biological wastewater treatment used.
This system makes it possible to completely abandon the services of sewage trucks, because at the outlet, technical water is odorless, without impurities, it does not silt the soil, it is well absorbed.

Why an ASTRA septic tank?

Inside the container there is always a liquid of more than 2 cubes, which equalizes the pressure of the soil on the walls of the station body.

During the operation of the septic tank, it is allowed to use everyday household chemicals used for washing dishes, laundry. If household chemicals are exceeded, the bacterial colony will decrease, but continuing to use, the bacteria will again gain the required volume and the station will again enter the mode, giving out clean water.

Our company not only sells and delivers equipment to the site, but also installs a septic tank with high quality and quickly. Our specialists will prepare a pit of the right size, lower the equipment into the pit, fill the gap between the walls of the pit and the walls of the septic tank with sand, spilling water in layers, connect the equipment inside the station (compressor, pump), the pipe through which the already purified water will leave, let the supply from the house pipe through which they will fit sewer drains. The sewer pipe from the house to the station must necessarily go with a strictly defined slope, this is two to a maximum of three centimeters per meter of pipe, sometimes it is done by eye, but it is better to lay a level gauge on a sandy base and accurately determine the level of the slope.

Penoflex insulation is used to insulate the pipe. When the line is ready, it must be carefully wrapped in sand. At the entrance to the septic tank, a hole is cut out for a pipe of 32 diameters, a docking flange is inserted and hermetically scalded with a building hair dryer. When the installation is fully completed, only the cover is visible on the surface of the earth, and when the landscaping of the site is completed, it harmonious design fits perfectly into the overall picture.

The septic tank will start working within a couple of weeks after installation, of course, when it comes to installation, you should not neglect the services of professionals! Although the upper part of the neck is above the ground, in winter period freezing of water in the septic tank will not occur even at a temperature of -40C. Since the septic tank is filled with water in the working position and warm drains are regularly supplied, the water is in constant motion, the biological decomposition process has a positive effect, a large number of compressors generate heat. The ASTRA station is made of polypropylene, it has a minimum thermal conductivity, the cover is insulated, the ground itself gives + 3.4 degrees.

Autonomous sewage Unilos Astra will help create comfortable living conditions in a private house, in the country. You need to think about the selection of a device for processing wastewater already at the stage of designing a house and a plot. Unilos septic tanks differ in their characteristics, the volume of processed wastewater and other important indicators.

Principle of operation, device

A new generation Astra septic tank is not even quite a septic tank, but one that makes life outside the city convenient. It is this device that helps the sewer system cope with its main task: to collect and dispose of wastewater.

Note! Unilos installation with proper maintenance and timely cleaning will last at least 50 years. During this time, some of its elements will have to be replaced.

The Astra Unilos instruction manual will tell you which components and after what time you need to replace. In order to carry out these works in a timely manner, it is necessary to understand what the septic tank consists of, its main working units.

The scheme of operation of the septic tank Unilos Astra

AT general view any autonomous sewage system Astra is a body made of strong plastic. It can have a different volume, which, accordingly, will allow the installation to serve from 3 to 150 people. It is easy to find out for how many people permanently living in the house (using sewerage) this or that model is designed. For example, Astra 5 septic tank is 5 people, Unilos Astra 10 is 10 people.

The unit has a lid, on which a “fungus” enters air through it, which is necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. The container, regardless of size, is divided into 4 compartments. In order for the chambers not to deform under the weight of the soil, especially in the autumn-winter period, there are stiffening ribs. This is especially important for large septic tanks, such as Unilos Astra 10. The design consists of 4 main chambers:

The receiving chamber, here are located: a recirculator pump, a filter for separating large fractions and a regular pump with a plug.
Aerotank. This compartment contains the main pump, circulator pump and.
Secondary clarifier.
Sludge stabilizer.

Above all the partitions there is a control unit - this is the instrument compartment, which is responsible for the automatic functioning of the septic tank.

The principle of operation of the Astra 5 septic tank

Operating principle

Anyone who decides to use such an installation to create sewer system in your home, it is important to understand how a septic tank works. The wastewater treatment process consists of the following steps:

Drains from the house fall into the first compartment. The first filtration occurs through a coarse filter. This is where the primary settling takes place.
Further, they move to the second compartment, where aerobic bacteria come into play, which turn organic particles into activated sludge.
When moving to the third compartment, the sludge settles, and a second settling occurs. Old sludge will precipitate, and the new one, due to the fact that it floats on the surface, will return to the second compartment for re-cleaning.
From the third compartment, the drains, already sufficiently clean, enter the fourth chamber, where the final post-treatment takes place. Now the drains are 98% clean and are quite safe so that they can be used for technical needs.

For the functioning of the station deep biological treatment Unilos needs electricity, because it is it that starts the pumps, which in turn provide the bacteria with oxygen, without which they could not exist.

Advice! The tubes through which the air moves are recommended to be changed every year, and cleaned of deposits every 3 months. In this case, the system will work without interruption.

Such important bacteria

The principle of operation of the Astra septic tank is closely related to the process of vital activity of bacteria. They recycle waste. You do not need to buy them separately, often, they arise during the operation of the installation. In order for them to originate, it takes from 2 to 4 weeks, but only on condition that the sewer uses the necessary, according to its technical capabilities, the number of users. That is, in order for the Unilos Astra 5 septic tank to work normally, at least 4-5 people must constantly dump waste.

But if the number of users is not enough for the natural generation of aerobes, this process can be started artificially. To do this, buy them in packaged form. The bottle should be marked "start". They should be diluted in water and flushed down the toilet, so they will immediately get to their habitat. In the future, you will no longer have to renew the supply of bacteria.

Septic Astra

Service specifics

In order for the installation to work smoothly, it needs care. Maintenance of the Astra septic tank can be carried out independently or use the services of specialists. It is worth remembering that without regular care any installation of this type will quickly fail.

For professional maintenance, you will have to conclude a contract with specialists, they will control the timing of cleaning and replacing individual components of the installation. But Unilos maintenance cannot be called super complicated, all you need to know is correct sequence process and frequency.

Maintenance steps

Reviews from users confirm that do-it-yourself maintenance of the Unilos septic tank is not such a difficult task. In general terms, the essence of the process comes down to cleaning and washing pipes, nozzles, compartment walls. You will also need to pump out sludge from the sump.

Important! Open the lid every month and check the condition of the system. There should not be any odors. If they are, this indicates that the installation is not working properly, as errors were made during installation.

Every 3 months you need to clean:

Mamut pump.
Walls of the secondary sump.
blower filter.
Remove sludge from the sump.
Remove all removable elements and rinse well, after that there will be no problems with installing them in their places.

Regularly every 5 years it is necessary to clean the aerotank from the stabilized sludge and the surge tank. These elements will have to be replaced after 10 years of operation. Other standards for the replacement of individual parts:

The compressor can work 5-10 years.
The compressor diaphragm must be replaced every 3 years.

Astra septic tank, view on the site

The lineup

Septic tank for a summer residence or country house Unilos is an excellent solution, but it is important to choose the right model so that it provides efficient drainage, depending on the number of permanent residents.

Unilos 3

The Astra 3 septic tank is the most compact representative in the VOC line (). It is perfect for a summer cottage, or for a family of 3 people. The Unilos Astra 3 septic tank has small dimensions: length - 1.12 m, width - 0.82 m, height - 2.03 m; weighs 120 kg. The installation has it all. necessary elements, which help to clean drains efficiently and quickly. The wastewater treatment plant of the Astra 3 type processes up to 600 liters per day. It is possible to install the installation if the depth of laying sewer pipes from the house does not exceed 60 cm.

The body of Astra septic tank 3 is made of durable plastic, which is absolutely environmentally friendly, and, what is very important, airtight material. Due to the increased strength, it is possible to save on installation - no need to fill the pit with concrete. The Astra 3 sewerage system will withstand a salvo (one-time) discharge of up to 150 liters.

Advice! Since such an installation is most often mounted for summer cottages, it is advisable to insulate it. Astra 3 septic tank must be preserved for the winter if it is not to be used.

Unilos 4

The Astra 4 septic tank is designed for operation by 4 users. It is somewhat more powerful than the previous type and larger in size. Specifications:

Length - 1.12 m.
Width - 0.94 m.
Height - 2.28 m.
Weight - 120 kg.

The productivity of such an installation per day is 800 liters, and a salvo discharge is 180 liters. Pipes must have the same depth - 60 cm.

Unilos 5

Station Astra 5 is the most popular for domestic use, since the ability to divert wastewater when living in a house of 5 people is optimal solution for the average family. The installation of the popular Astra 5 septic tank can be carried out for maintenance country house, cottage. Its wastewater treatment capacity is 1 m³ per day. In this setting, you can reset:

Drainage from the kitchen.
Toilet paper.
Drainage from bathroom, shower, washing machine.
In a small amount of drain after washing the toilet. It is in a small one, because often aggressive chemicals are used for this process, which can destroy bacteria.

Various types of septic tank Astra 5

Astra 5 septic tank is not designed for discharge:

Compounds that cannot be biodegraded.
Construction waste.
Aggressive chemicals, acids, oils.
Rotten food.
Animal fur.
Medicines.
chlorine-containing substances.

You can install an autonomous sewage system Astra Unilos 5, which provides forced drainage. Its configuration differs from the basic one due to the presence of a pump for pumping wastewater. In this case, during installation, you will also have to equip drainage well, and liquid treated effluents are discharged there.

Unilos 6, 8

Septic tanks with the ability to serve 6 and 8 people are not as popular as the previous type. Characteristics of the Astra 6 septic tank:

Length - 1.12 m.
Width - 1.15 m.
Height - 2.36 m.
Weight - 210 kg.
Productivity - 1 m³.
Volley discharge - 280 l.

The septic tank Unilos Astra 8 has the following parameters:

Length - 1.5 m.
Width - 1.16 m.
Height - 2.36 m.
Weight - 320 kg.
Productivity - 1 m³.
The maximum salvo discharge that the Astra 8 septic tank can withstand is 350 liters.

In the model line of the Astra 8 septic tank, there are variations that have similar specifications, but with deeper piping. If for the standard version it is 60 cm, then for "midi" and "long" - more than 80 cm.

Unilos 10

Unilos Astra 10 is the most productive model for domestic use. The station is quite large: length - 2 m, width 1.16 m, height - 2.36 m. It weighs 355 kg. The Astra 10 septic tank has a capacity of 2 m³ per day, and a volley discharge of up to 550 liters.

Since the dimensions, and hence the soil pressure area, are larger, there are stiffening ribs that will not allow the compartments to deform. Due to the large bandwidth, Unilos Astra 10 can be connected to:

Kitchen drains.
Drains from the bathroom, shower.
Bath, jacuzzi.

This setting can also be used for the device autonomous sewerage for small cafes, restaurants, if there is no possibility of tie-in to a centralized system.

Other models

Unilos Astra is also offered in other models. The number of people served and the disposal of wastewater from their life activities varies from 3 to 150. The most massive and productive installations may well be used for entire residential areas, hotels and other commercial purposes.

Connection

The connection diagram for all models of septic tanks is the same. Order:

Site preparation. To do this, you need a pit, its dimensions depend on the parameters of the station itself. At the bottom of the pit there should be no stones, rubble. Concrete pouring of the place for installation is optional, but during the installation of the septic tank, it is advisable to arrange the formwork.
At the bottom of the pit, make a sand embankment, its thickness is 15-20 cm.
Next, set up the station. Depending on its dimensions, special equipment may be required.
After installation, fill with water up to the marks on the body.
Only when filling with water has been carried out, it is possible to fill the space between the walls of the pit and the station with sand to the level of the incoming pipe.
Bring the sewer pipe, cutting a hole in the receiving compartment, the joints must be sealed.
The final stage is the cabling and installation of the compressor.
The final backfill, after which a lid and about 20 cm of body height will remain on the surface.

Installation in the pit of a septic tank Astra 5 midi

A septic tank for a summer residence or for a country house Unilos is a modern, ecological solution. This setup will allow you to process water, which can later be used for irrigation. Moreover, it will not pollute the soil near the house and drinking water.

During construction country houses and dachas often install an autonomous sewer system, because it is not always possible to connect to the central sewer, it happens that financial opportunities do not allow it. Such an installation includes the Astra septic tank. This treatment mechanism is a VOC (local treatment system) that operates by deep biological wastewater treatment. Let us consider in more detail the technical characteristics of the device.

Peculiarities

For more than 10 years, the domestic company "SBM-group" has been manufacturing biological wastewater treatment structures under the common trademark "Septic Unilos". During that period of time that has passed since the release of the first Astra design, the system has undergone numerous improvements. As a result, the productivity, efficiency and reliability of the mechanism increased.

The main differences between the Astra septic tank and similar devices are: the power of the system and the strength of the case. The uncontrolled septic tank "Unilos Astra" effectively solves the problem of wastewater disposal.

Device and principle of operation

The body of the system is made of durable propylene, such a building material does not corrode and is able to withstand heavy loads. The cleaning mechanism is placed under the layers of soil and does not take up useful space on the site.

The installation of a cleaning station has rectangular shape and mounted so that the housing cover is above the ground. Thanks to this placement, it becomes possible to access the working mechanisms, which facilitates the process of system maintenance.

The whole structure is placed inside the case, which ensures its compactness.

Technological welding makes the seam areas completely hermetic, excluding leakage of drains and the release of thermal energy. Purified wastewater from a septic tank can be discharged into the soil layers, because water purification is 95-98%.

The Astra septic system has a ribbed surface that ensures the reliability of the body. Inner space structure is divided into 4 chambers:

receiving chamber;
aeration compartment;
silt collection chamber;
secondary sump.

To this type septic tank offers additional mechanisms that are purchased separately.

In order to secure wastewater not only by the biological method, but also to carry out the maximum purification from harmful substances, a post-treatment unit is used. Such a system consists of several devices:

liquid transfer pump;
a mechanism for the destruction of harmful microorganisms and fungus through UV radiation;
block for cleaning wastewater by ultrasonic method;
final filtration device.

If necessary, the Astra cleaning mechanism can be equipped with KNS (built-in sewerage station). This is necessary if the treated wastewater needs to be taken to another area located at a certain distance from the septic tank.

The Astra septic tank is equipped with only one hatch, but this is enough to carry out a permanent Maintenance and pumping. Pumping out is necessary 1 time in 6 months.

To understand how it works this species septic tank, you need to familiarize yourself with the principle of operation of the mechanism.

Receiving chamber- This is the container into which effluents enter first. It performs the primary purification of the liquid from large residues that cannot be further processed. Such purification takes place by means of a filter, which is mounted together with the pump. And also in the receiving compartment, wastewater is enriched with oxygen due to the functioning of the aerator.
aeration compartment represents the most overall and functional capacity of the cleaning system. It mixes the waste coming from the first chamber with activated sludge, which is a mixture of aerobic bacteria and a nutrient medium. Microorganisms can only function with a constant supply of oxygen. For this purpose, an aerator and compressors are designed.

The system has a special mode switch. The signal from the float enters the control unit, as a result of which the operation modes of the Astra septic tank change. If the liquid level in the device is not constant, then the float will all the time give signals about changing modes.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wastewater treatment plants of the Astra model range have their own advantages in use.

High levels of wastewater treatment. Without the use of additional aftertreatment mechanisms (infiltrator, filtration fields), effluents are cleaned by 95-98%. This efficiency of the station is determined by the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.
Automated cleaning process.
Low consumption of electrical energy.
Absence unpleasant odors. This allows you to mount the structure next to living quarters, baths, saunas. The working processes of the system will not interfere with the habitual lifestyle of homeowners.
Long service life (about 50 years).

The cleaning mechanism does not contain mechanized parts and assemblies.
The septic tank is equipped with compressors of a Japanese manufacturer, which have high quality materials.
A wide range of models of the cleaning mechanism. You can choose a model that meets the needs of any homeowner. There is an installation not only for small families, but also for large ones - with a population of 7-15 people.
Attractive appearance. The design cover has compact dimensions, and it is also able to fit into the terrain of the site. It protrudes only 15-20 centimeters above the soil level.
Working degrees are maintained inside the compressor, which allows the system to be used all year round. The main thing is that the microorganisms are fed. In the absence of access to electrical network bacteria do not die, and the purification process does not stop.
Environmental Safety.

Despite numerous positive sides septic tank "Astra", there are also negative reviews of the owners about this mechanism.

The functioning of the system depends on the electrical network.
High installation cost.
AT winter time structure must be insulated.
From time to time it will be necessary to purchase filters, aerators, pumps and other auxiliary kits for the sewer system. Each mechanism has its own service life, such information can be found in the instructions for the equipment.

The lineup

The Astra septic tank has a rather large the lineup. The number indicating the type of model is also an indicator of the number of residents that this mechanism is designed to serve.

"Astra 3"

The compact device is suitable for a summer residence or a small living space. The productivity of the installation is 600 l / day, and the maximum discharge is 150 liters. Due to the small parameters of the station (1.12x0.82x2.03 meters) and a weight of 120 kg, it can be mounted independently.

"Astra 5"

Best Option for a family living in a private country house, is the use of the Astra 5 septic tank. The productivity of the system is 1 m3, the maximum discharge is 250 liters. The reliability and tightness of the design is determined by the thickness of the walls of the case (20 mm). When installing the device on clay soil, it is equipped with a pump for forced pumping of water. The presence of modifications allows the use of a septic tank when laying outlet pipes at a depth of up to one meter.

Settings options:

midi - 1.03x1.12x2.505 meters (depth 60-90 cm);
long - 1.16x1x3.03 m (depth 90-120 cm).

"Astra 8"

To serve a large number of residents, the Astra 8 septic tank is used, the capacity of the system is 1.6 m3. The design is made in 3 variations:

with normal installation of the supply line at a depth of 60 cm;
for areas where the sewer system is located at a level of 90-120 cm;
the device is recommended for construction where sewer pipes located at the level of 60-90 cm.

The maximum discharge is 350 liters. Dimensions: 1.5x1.16x2.36 m. When mounted in sandy soil water is drained by gravity into a drainage well.

Installation

According to the rules, the septic tank should be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the house and no more than 10 meters, in which case it will be necessary to equip the cleaning mechanism with a manhole. This can increase financial costs as well as time and extra effort.

The control mechanism will need to be mounted in places where sewer pipes are located under a sharp turn. It is important to choose a method of disposal of domestic wastewater. They can be discharged into a filter well, ravine or ditch, which must be located outside your site.

Before installation, you need to determine the level of soil freezing. The inlet and outlet pipes must be installed below this level. If this cannot be done, then the pipeline must be insulated thermal insulation materials. When the place for installation is selected, you can proceed with the installation.

First, they dig a pit, the parameters of which must take into account the height of the sand or concrete support, as well as the size of the septic tank. The gap between the walls of the pit and the outer walls of the treatment plant should be about 20 centimeters.
Now they begin to prepare the pit, at the bottom of which a sand cushion 20 centimeters thick is poured. The sand cushion is rammed and leveled by means of a building level. If installation is carried out in soils with high level soil water, then a concreting base is additionally poured at the bottom of the pit, to which the installation will be fixed in the future. If the soil layers are loose, then the inner walls of the pit are fixed with wooden formwork.
If you do not want to drain runoff into the soil layers, but equip wastewater collection, you need to build a separate pit for a storage well. It can be bought at ready-made in any hardware store or make your own. Concrete rings can be used for this purpose.
Holes for sewer pipelines are made in the wall of the cleaning mechanism.

The septic tank is placed at the bottom of the pit. For this purpose, you will need 3-4 people. The tank is installed horizontally.
A sewer pipe with a slope of 5 mm is laid in a pre-dug trench so that the drains flow into the mechanism by gravity. The width of the trench is basically 50 cm, and the depth should be such that the pipes are located below the freezing level of the soil. Under the pipe is also installed sand cushion 10 centimeters thick.
Now you can start connecting the septic tank to the sewer system and the electrical network. When connecting to the sewer, it is enough to connect the outlet of the primary compartment to the pipeline of the external sewer system. It is better to entrust the connection of the mechanism to the power supply to professionals, because for this purpose it will be necessary to run a cable from the house to the septic tank.
When the system is connected, you can check the functioning of the mechanism. A small amount of water is poured into the primary chamber, after which the mechanism is connected. After a few minutes of operation, wastewater from the primary compartment enters the aerotank.
The first 24 hours of operation, a mixture of aerobic microorganisms is poured into the sludge stabilizer of the cleaning mechanism. In the future, such an addition will not be required, the system provides itself with bacteria.
Upon completion, you need to fill the cover of the station with earth.

The first 1-2 months the station will operate in the mode of its incomplete effectiveness. This is due to the fact that microorganisms are just starting their activity in the system, their functioning requires the flow of wastewater, which is food for them.

How to use correctly?

Consider what the operating instructions for treatment facilities look like.

After the first start of the installation, special maintenance of the mechanism will be required in a year. All requirements for system maintenance are described in detail by the manufacturer in the instructions for the equipment. During operation, a visual inspection of the state of the system will be necessary.

Do-it-yourself service includes several stages.

Restoration of colonies of microorganisms. This will increase the effectiveness of the aeration filter.
Elimination of thick accumulated sludge, which does not contain chemicals in its composition and can be used as fertilizer. If the sludge concentration exceeds 30 percent, pumping must be performed.
The filters are cleaned 1-2 times a year. Mechanisms are removed and washed running water. But you also need to clean the walls of the case from contamination.
It is necessary to open the cover of the mechanism once a month to see how the system functions. If there are unpleasant odors, then a mistake was made during installation and connection.

It is forbidden to discharge into the sewer system:

construction garbage;
petroleum products (diesel fuel, gasoline, engine oil);
medications;
food waste (stubs from vegetables and fruits);
detergents containing acids, alkali, solvents, alcohol;
a large number of disinfectants containing chlorine;
lots of hair.

In order to radically solve the problem of pollution of soils and aquifers with sewage, you can use the Unilos autonomous sewage system, which is one-stop solution. Unilos is a station that is capable of producing deep biological wastewater treatment. Water purification is 98%.

This article will discuss why so many consumers give their preference to this autonomous sewage system, on what principle this septic tank is operated and how to mount it yourself.

Characteristics of Unilos septic tanks

The Unilos treatment plant has a fairly large number of advantages, including:

Quick integration of this system on the site and its low cost.
Fully automated cleaning process (the degree of wastewater treatment is more than 90%).
The power consumption of this system is very low.
Due to the tightness of the tanks, the absence of odors is guaranteed.
All parts of the system have a long service life.

For use in a private house, Unilos septic tanks, which belong to the ASTRA, Cyclone and SCARABEY series, are the best solution. These models can handle daily volumes of wastewater from 0.6 to 30 m3, and they are also able to treat wastewater from buildings with a large number of users - 3-150 people.

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage Unilos

Wastewater that enters the Unilos Astra septic tank is mixed in a receiving tank with activated sludge. This sludge is formed with the help of bacteria that are contained in the drains. The receiving tank performs the following functions: inside the tank there is an interaction of wastewater and activated sludge, as well as their preliminary oxidation and anoxic-anaerobic treatment; inside the installation, the level of effluents is leveled; large inorganic debris settles.
After that, water with sludge enters the aerotank with the help of an airlift, and already there the effluents are oxidized and aerated, followed by the decomposition of the organic parts of the effluents into oxidized carbon and nitrites.
Then the waste water from the aeration tank flows by gravity into the secondary sedimentation tank, where oxygen is completely absent. In it, activated sludge is deposited, and a process is underway to restore nitrite and nitrate nitrogen to molecular nitrogen.
Activated sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary clarifier, and purified and clarified water flows by gravity or is forced out of the installation.
When the water level drops in the secondary clarifier, the recirculation phase begins there.
Activated sludge partially settles in the aeration tank, and its residues for further stabilization and disposal fall into a special activated sludge stabilizer using airlifts. The recirculating water and some of the activated sludge enter the receiving tank. It produces aeration and mixing with activated sludge. Also, there is a splitting of the largest particles of all organic debris.
When new effluents arrive, the level in the surge tank rises and the entire cleaning process is repeated again.

Choosing a septic tank model

Before you buy an autonomous Unilos sewer, you need to decide on a septic tank model, since there are currently a great many of them: from Astra 3 to Astra 150. The number at the end of the name indicates how many people this or that model is designed for. The cost of a septic tank depends on the volume.

Comparison of the most popular septic tank models:

station Astra 3 is the most compact model with low power. It is great for a small to medium size home.
station Astra 5 is optimal combination price and power, it is optimal for a family of five.
Currently, the Astra 8 station is increasingly used for wastewater treatment in luxury housing.

If the house has a lot of water processing equipment, and you don’t know what to choose - Unilos or Topas, then it is better to opt for the Astra 10 septic tank. It is able to purify 2 m3 of water per day and withstand the number of discharges up to 550 liters. This model is simply necessary in those houses where there are several bathrooms and Jacuzzis or dishwashers are installed.

Installation of a treatment plant

If you decide to opt for the Unilos system, then be aware that its installation must begin with the choice of a place where it will be located. In this case, it must be assumed that the supply sewer should go straight and not have any turns.

The station should not be located more than 15 meters from the house, otherwise you will need to install rotary wells and revisions on turns.

After you decide on the location, you can begin the installation itself, which consists of the following steps:

In order to install a station for five people, it is necessary to dig a pit measuring 1.5 by 1.5 meters and a depth of 2.3 meters. After the pit is ready, you can start making a gravel-sand substrate, the thickness of which should be 15 cm.
The weight of the Astra 5 septic tank is 250 kg. In order to lower it to the bottom of the pit, at least three people will be required. The septic tank must be placed near the pit, tied up with ropes by the upper stiffeners and then lowered to the bottom of the pit.
Using a level, the station should be leveled in the pit so that it is strictly horizontal. After that, in accordance with the instructions, it is necessary to pour water inside to the marks that are on the walls. In parallel, it is necessary to sprinkle with sand, which must be watered so that it is better compacted.
Installation of supply pipes:

- in a trench, the bottom of which has a sandy base ten centimeters thick, you need to lay a pipe that has a diameter of 110 mm and a "brick" color. The width of the trench should not be less than half a meter.
- in the place of the septic tank where the pipe fits, it is necessary to make a hole and solder a hermetically sealed polypropylene pipe.
- with the help of polyethylene foam, it is necessary to insulate the entire supply pipeline.

The Unilos septic tank is a volatile structure, therefore it is necessary to lay a cable in a trench, which in turn must be led into the compressor tank. The cable must be connected in accordance with the diagram that comes with the station.

Removal of purified water

After all the work described above, the Unilos autonomous sewage system is almost ready for work, you just have to organize a system through which treated effluents will be discharged.

A well made of concrete rings. To do this, it is necessary to lay a “brick” color pipe along a trench with a sandy base from a standard outlet pipe, the diameter of which is 110 mm, and insert the ring. It is necessary to seal the insertion point with a waterproof mixture and then backfill the trench. Upon completion of these works, the Unilos septic tank can be used.

In order to install the Unilos autonomous sewage system, you do not need any special training. Even without experience and training, you can install such a station in an average of 2-3 days, after which the treatment system will serve you efficiently and reliably long years. Naturally, for the normal operation of the station, it is necessary to observe all the features of the technology during installation.

In my article, I am going to introduce the reader to the Unilos company and its products, in particular, to local treatment facilities. We have to study the principle of their work, device, prices and explore several samples from different price categories. Let's get started.

Manufacturer

Products under the Unilos brand are produced by Russian company SBM-Group. All products are manufactured according to full cycle, without ordering components from other manufacturers.

Representative offices of the company are located in several major cities Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Yaroslavl, Novosibirsk) and abroad - in Kazakhstan (Alma-Ata) and Azerbaijan (Baku).

Septic tanks and other products of the company are supplied by the manufacturer and numerous dealers throughout Russia and exported to neighboring countries.

Stand of the company's products at the exhibition "Oil and Gas 2014".

Range

The list of products under the Unilos brand includes:

Non-volatile septic tanks;
Tanks for sewage and fecal water (they are not quite accurately called storage septic tanks) and for water;
Grease traps for drains;
SPS for forced pumping of domestic and industrial wastewater;

Stations for deep biological wastewater treatment for private and apartment buildings.

Theory

Operating principle

To begin with, let's figure out what sewage treatment technology is used in septic tanks and other VOCs (local treatment facilities).

The most structurally simple single-chamber septic tank works like this:

Effluent enters a volumetric sump, where they spend several days. During this time, they settle: heavy silt settles at the bottom, where it is gradually processed by anaerobic bacteria; lighter faeces, fat, paper and other organic waste form a dense fermenting crust on the surface. Relatively pure water remains in the middle of the tank;

For the sump to function, the incoming flow must not mix its contents throughout the volume.

Through an overflow of a special shape, which takes water below the crust, the water enters the soil post-treatment(in other words, it is absorbed into the soil in the filter or on the filtration field).

In the photo - overflow and filter well.

As an overflow to makeshift septic tanks a conventional sewer tee in a vertical position is used. The lower outlet is used to take water, the upper one is for cleaning, the middle one is for draining wastewater from the sump.

Solid fractions accumulate in the sump, and it requires periodic cleaning. However, it is needed only once every one or two years, since domestic sewage is 98 - 99% water.

Calculations

In order for the septic tank to work, the volume of its sump must be equal to or exceed the three-day volume of effluents (with a daily flow rate of more than 15 m3 - the volume of effluents in 2.5 days). During this time, wastewater undergoes complete gravitational separation: everything that can sink - sinks, that can float - rises.

Calculating the daily volume of wastewater is extremely simple: it corresponds with a minimum error to changes in the readings of the water meter. An exception is the situation when water is used for irrigation. Then it is easier to focus on sanitary standards - 220 liters per person per day.

For a filtering well or filtration field (drainage laid in the ground), the area of \u200b\u200bthe absorbing surface is important. It is determined by both the flow of effluents and the absorbency of the soil. Here are the values of the latter for different soils:

Efficiency is everything

The quality of wastewater treatment in a properly designed single-chamber septic tank is 70-80%. Simply put, 1/3 - 1/5 of the pollution remains in the settled water and the air, frankly, does not ozonize.

Fortunately, there are a number of ways to increase the quality of cleaning.

Here they are:

Increasing the number of settling tanks connected in series with overflows;
Sump aeration. The rapid reproduction of aerobic bacteria leads to a decrease in the amount of pollution in the drains: all organic matter serves as food for the fauna of the septic tank;

Biofilters are flow chambers filled with plastic brushes or other material with a large surface area. On loading the biofilter, again, bacteria devouring organic matter multiply.

Practice

Here is how the septic tank "Cedar" from Unilos works:

Effluent flows by gravity into the first settling chamber. In it, a division occurs into the silt remaining at the bottom, the surface crust and relatively pure water;
In the second chamber, the water is clarified in the process of settling and vital activity of anaerobic bacteria;
In the third chamber, the water passes through a biofilter (the notorious plastic brushes), where the surviving organic residues are eaten up by aerobic bacteria;
In the fourth and last chamber, the water is finally clarified. A drainage pump is also installed in it (in the event that the treated drains need to be raised to the ground level).

Unilos Astra deep cleaning stations complete the cycle:

Aeration of drains;
Recirculation of activated sludge between settling tanks (this allows you to speed up biological processing organic matter colonies of bacteria);
Aerobic stabilization of sludge accumulating in the sump. Simply put, when air is blown through it, bacteria eat up the remains of organic compounds and die from starvation.

In the future, I'm going to give close attention namely the VOC Astra line as the most interesting for a potential consumer. Gravity septic tanks from Unilos structurally practically do not differ from products from other manufacturers and from home-made designs.

What does such a scheme of work of LOS give?

Autonomous sewer Unilos Astra provides a degree of purification of 95%. The outlet water is completely odorless. Of course, it is not worth using it as a drink, but it is quite acceptable to use it for irrigation of a site or simply dump it on a relief.

In addition, the principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system of a private house with aeration of wastewater and biofilters ensures that the solid sludge does not smell. Sludge can be removed from the VOC compartment drainage pump and used as a fertilizer.

How profitable is the installation of Unilos Astra?

Here is the overhead calculation for storage septic tank(read - sealed cesspool) in 2016 prices relevant for Crimea:

With appropriate sanitary standards water consumption of 220 liters per person, a family of 5 people will consume 1100 liters per day, or 401 cubic meters per year;
Calling a sewage truck with a tank volume of 4 cubic meters currently costs about 2000 rubles (with a slight variation depending on the company offering the service);

During the year, in the ideal case (that is, if the tank will leave filled to capacity), 401/4 = 100 (rounded down) calls for sewers will be needed;
They'll get by family budget in 100*2000=200000 rubles.

For comparison: the Unilos Astra 7 deep cleaning station with a capacity of 1.4 cubic meters of wastewater per day costs 90,100 rubles. With the declared consumption in kilowatt-hours per day, the annual electricity consumption will be 365 kWh. The price of a kilowatt-hour of 4 rubles gives us a total cost of 1460 rubles.

Mounting

What does the installation of Unilos Astra or any other deep wastewater treatment plant look like?

The instruction was kindly posted by SBM-Group on one of the sites dedicated to their products.

At the place of the future location of the VOC, a pit is torn off, with dimensions slightly larger than the size of the station (for example, for Astra 5 with its size 1120x1120x2360 mm, a pit of 1.5x1.5x2.3 meters is needed);

Unlike traditional septic tanks, a deep cleaning station can be installed at a minimum distance from the house (in particular, right next to the blind area).

The bottom of the pit is covered with a 10-cm layer of sand. It allows you to level the bottom and prevents frost heaving of the soil, performing the function of drainage for ground water;
Unilos station is placed on the pillow. The dimensions and weight of VOCs up to Astra 7 (capacity 1.4 cubic meters per day) allow you to install them manually. For more massive and productive septic tanks, you will have to involve loading equipment;

A trench comes off from the house to the pit, into which, with a slope of 2 cm, running meter sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 mm and a power cable are laid;

Sewerage is laid below the freezing level of the soil. Where this is not possible, the pipes are thermally insulated and supplied with a heating cable.

Sewerage is connected to the VOC filler pipe;
The body is covered with sand (again, performing the function of drainage for groundwater). The station is ready to go.

Questions and answers

Are there any restrictions associated with the operation of VOCs and Unilos septic tanks?

Forbidden:

Dispose of rotten vegetables, sand, construction and household waste into the sewer;
Dispose of potassium permanganate and other oxidizers and antiseptics (including chlorine and oxygen-containing laundry bleach in large quantities);
Drain the wash water from the pool filters;
Pour solvents, fuels and lubricants, antifreezes, alkalis, acids, alcohol and other liquids into the toilet that can destroy bacteria colonies in the septic tank biofilters.

How will the operation of the Unilos station be affected by a power outage?

When disconnected for up to 4 hours - no way. With a longer blackout, the primary sump may overflow due to a pump stop. As a result, untreated water may be discharged.

In addition, when aeration is stopped, unpleasant odors may appear due to a slowdown in the life processes of aerobic bacteria.

Kamrad! The lights went out - turn off the water!

What kind of maintenance does the Unilos Astra station need?

Once a week, a visual inspection of the cleaning quality is desirable. To do this, just open the VOC cover and look into the last compartment. Water should be clear and odorless.

Every three months you need:

Cleaning the sump from sludge using a regular pump (the so-called mamut pump);

With the same success, you can use any other fecal-drainage pump.

Cleaning the pump itself and the inlet filter, designed to trap large impurities and foreign objects;
Cleaning the walls of the second compartment of the sump;
Cleaning the aerator filters.

Once every six months, you need to clean the hair filter located in the section with the aerator.

How long do Unilos stations serve?

Housing plastic - at least 50 years;
Aerator - 10 years;
Compressor - 5-10 years.

Once every couple of years, the compressor needs a preventive replacement of the membrane responsible for pumping air.

Is it necessary to pump out effluent from VOC sedimentation tanks for equipment maintenance?

No. For free access to any serviced nodes, it is enough to tilt the cover.

Does Unilos Astra need additional insulation in a cold climate zone?

During work, no. Its body is made of foamed polypropylene, which provides high-quality thermal insulation. In addition, a fairly large amount of heat is released during the vital activity of aerobic bacteria, which maintains a positive temperature inside the VOC.

With a long absence of wastewater consumption during the cold season (for example, if you are not going to visit all winter Vacation home) VOC canned:

Part of the water is pumped out of the aeration and stabilization compartments;
The lid is insulated with foam or other material with low hygroscopicity.

When the VOC is put into operation, a volume of water is drained through the sewer, sufficient to fill the stabilizer and the aerotank.

Sample study

Towards the end, the reader and I will have to study several deep cleaning stations and one Unilos septic tank - their prices, sizes, performance and other characteristics.

Astra 3

Astra 5

Astra 10

Astra 50

Cedar

Retail prices vary markedly depending on the region of the country (and, accordingly, the cost of shipping equipment) and on ... let's say, the immodest seller. The same Cedar is offered by a certain Moscow company for 79,900 rubles. Agree that the dealer margin of 30% is a clear overkill.

Conclusion

I sincerely hope that my article will help the dear reader to choose the best solution for own house. The video in this article will help you learn more about Unilos branded products. I look forward to your additions and comments to it. Good luck, comrades!