How to make an electric motor at home. Do-it-yourself electric motor: instructions for assembling a homemade mechanism. Possible modifications and the simplest models. How to make a motor - the progress of work

How to make an electric motor in 15 minutes

• DIY or DIY

It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble the simplest (but really working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we ourselves will make.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; a secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

Magnet.

1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will spin. To make the coil sufficiently even and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Don't try to wind the spool too tightly and evenly, a small degree of freedom will help the spool retain its shape better.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the free ends of the wire several times around the turns to keep the shape, making sure that the new binding turns are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:


Now it's time for the secret, the feature that will make the motor work. It's a secret because it's a subtle and non-obvious trick, and it's very hard to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about the operation of engines may be surprised by the ability of the motor to work until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of a table. With a sharp knife remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are pointing up at the two free ends of the coil.

What is the meaning of this approach? The coil will lie on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery, so that electricity could pass from one holder through the coil to another holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.

Now you need to make support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to spin. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver an electric current to it.

Just wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have the right part for our engine.

The base of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base, because at installed battery it will be heavy enough to keep the motor from shaking.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet at first). Put a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...


If done correctly, THE COIL WILL START SPINING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

If, nevertheless, the motor does not work, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite large. Just remove the coil and the circuit will be broken.
Let's find out exactly how our the simplest electric motor. When an electric current flows through the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. The electromagnet acts like a normal magnet. It has a north and south pole and can attract and repel other magnets.

Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the uninsulated half of the protruding coil wire touches the uninsulated holder. At this moment, a current begins to flow through the coil, a north pole appears at the coil, which is attracted to the south pole permanent magnet, and the south pole, which is repelled by the south pole of the permanent magnet.

We stripped the top of the wire with the coil upright, so the poles of the electromagnet would point right and left. And this means that the poles will move to be in the same plane as the poles of the lying magnet, pointing up and down. Therefore, the coil will turn towards the magnet. But in doing so, the insulated part of the wire of the coil will touch the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will rotate further by inertia, again touch the non-insulated part of the holder, and the process will repeat again and again until the current runs out in the batteries.

How can you make an electric motor spin faster?

One way is to add another magnet on top.

Bring the magnet up while the coil is spinning, and one of two things will happen: either the motor will stop, or the motor will spin faster. The choice of one of the two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be directed towards the coil. Just remember to hold the bottom magnet, otherwise the magnets will jump to each other and destroy the fragile structure!

Another way is to put small glass beads on the axis of the coil, which will reduce the friction of the coil on the holders, as well as better balance the electric motor.

There are many more ways to improve this simple design, but we have achieved the main goal - you have assembled and fully understood how the simplest electric motor works.

To understand how to make an electric motor with your own hands, you need to remember how it works and how it works.

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If you follow the instructions step by step, it is not so difficult to make an electric motor yourself. The motor will serve for your projects.

The cost of manufacturing an electric motor will be minimal, since you can make an electric motor with your own hands from improvised means.

First of all, you need to stock up on the necessary materials:

• bolts;
• a bicycle spoke;
• nuts;
• electrical tape;
• copper wire;
• a metal plate;
• super and hot glue;
• plywood;
• washers.

You can not do without such tools:

• electric drills;
• stationery knife;
• pliers;
• grinding machine;
• hammer;
• scissors;
• soldering iron;
• tweezers;
• sewed.

Manufacturing process

You need to start work on making an electric motor with your own hands by making five plates, in which you later need to drill a hole in the center with an electric drill and put it on the axle - a bicycle spoke.

Pressing the plates tightly against each other, fix their ends with electrical tape, cutting off the excess with a clerical knife. If the axles are uneven, they need to be sharpened.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the latter creates a magnetic field around itself, which does not differ from the field of an ordinary magnet, but disappears when the current is turned off. This property can be used to attract and release metal objects by turning the current on and off.

As an experiment, you can make a circuit consisting of a button and an electromagnet, which this button will help turn on and off.

The circuit is powered by a 12V computer power supply. If the axis with the plates is installed next to the electromagnet and the current is turned on, then they will be attracted and one of the sides will turn towards the electromagnet.

If the current is first turned on, and turned off at the moment when the plates came as close as possible to the electromagnet, then they will fly through it by inertia, having made a revolution.

If the moment is guessed constantly, and the current is turned on, they will rotate. In order to do this at the right time, a current breaker is needed.

Making a current interrupter

Again, you need a small plate, which you need to fix on the axis, pressing it with pliers so that the fastening is secure. How it should look, the video will help you understand:

Video: How to make an electric motor

One of the contacts is connected to a metal plate, and an axis is installed on top of it. Since the axis, plate and breaker are metal, current will flow through them. By touching the breaker contact, the circuit can be closed and opened, which will allow the electromagnet to be connected and disconnected at the right time.

The resulting do-it-yourself rotating structure is called in electric motors direct current armature, and the fixed electromagnet interacting with the armature is an inductor.

The armature in AC motors is called the rotor, and the inductor is called the stator. The names are sometimes confused, but this is wrong.

Frame making

It must be done so that the design of the electric motor is not held by hand. The base material is plywood.

DIY inductor

In plywood we will make two holes for an M6 bolt 25 mm long, on which we will place the motor coils later. We screw the nuts onto the bolts and cut out three parts for connecting the bolts (supports).

The supports have two functions: they will rely on the axis of the armature of the electric motor, made by hand, the second - they will serve as a magnetic circuit that will connect the bolts. Under them you need to make holes (by eye, since this does not require special accuracy). The plates are connected together and placed from below, pressing with bolts. Putting the coil on the bolts, we get a kind of horseshoe-shaped magnet.

To fix the motor armature in a vertical position, you need to make a frame from sheet metal(bracket). We drill three holes in it: one along the diameter of the axis and two on the sides for screws (for fastening).

Coil manufacturing

To make them, you will need a strip of cardboard and thin paper (see dimensions on the drawing). Having removed the bolt from the base, we wind a thick strip on it in 4-5 layers, fixing it with 2 layers of electrical tape. The strip stays tight enough. Carefully remove it to wind the wire.

After the wire is wound, we take out the paper from the inside with tweezers, cut off the extra layers so that the coil can be easily put on the bolt. We cut off the excess from the coil, taking into account the fact that there will still be cheeks on top and bottom, which are necessary so that the wire does not slip during operation of the electric motor. In the same way, we make the second coil with our own hands and proceed to the manufacture of cheeks.

How to make cheeks with your own hands?

We put thick paper on the nut, and punch a hole from above with a bolt. Make it easy. Then putting the paper on the bolt, put the washer on top and cut it out, after circling it with a pencil. It turns out it is in the form of a similar puck.

In total, you need to make 4 such parts to install on the bolt from above and below. We wind the nut on the upper cheek, placing a metal washer and fix both cheeks with hot glue. The frame, which is made by hand, is ready.

Now it remains to wind a wire (500 turns) varnished with a diameter of 0.2 mm on it. We twist the beginning and end of the wire so that it does not unwind. Having unscrewed the nut, I removed the bolt - a beautiful little coil remains.

We free the ends of the wire from varnish using a clerical knife, tin, install on the bolt. Do the same with the second coil.

So that the plates and the current interrupter do not scroll on the axis, it is recommended to glue them with superglue.

Now we connect the coils in series to check the operation of the electric motor. Plus, we connect to the beginning of the winding (from the side of the bolt head). With the help of a sliding contact, we find the position in which the electric motor works as efficiently as possible.

Such contacts are called brushes in electric motors. In order not to hold the latter with your hands, you need brush holders that are glued to superglue, lubricating the points of friction of the axis with oil.

By connecting the coils in parallel, we increase the current (since the coils have resistance), therefore, the power of the electric motor will increase. That is, coils can be represented as resistances.

And when they are connected in parallel, the total resistance decreases, which means that the current increases. When connected in series, everything happens exactly the opposite.

And, since the current through the coil increases, then the magnetic field is greater, and the armature of the electric motor is more strongly attracted to the electromagnet.

Video: Electric motor in a few minutes

Still don't know how to entertain the kids? Then try experimenting with a magnetic motor! It seems that this cannot be done at home. But you will be surprised at the ability to create an engine from simple items that are always at hand. In this article you will find a motor diagram, as well as detailed instructions by assembly.

How to make a motor - necessary materials

To assemble a simple motor with your own hands, you will need the following items and tools:

• Wire. For crafts, take a copper wire with a diameter of not more than 1 mm. and a length of 80 cm. Try to stick to this size, as a longer wire will not be able to rotate from one battery.
• Sandpaper. Choose one with less grit, as you will have to strip the wire cuts. Finer sandpaper will make your job easier.
• Battery. You will need one 1.5 volt battery. You can use both a regular device and a battery.
• Paper clips. In total, you need two pieces. These will act as spool holders, so choose paperclips big size and durable metal.
• Scotch. For the experiment, it is best to use masking tape, as it has paper base and has a stronger adhesive layer.
• Magnet. Take a small piece of magnet. It should be smaller in diameter than the wire ring and the width of the battery.
• Cardboard. Thick cardboard will act as a base to which you attach the motor. With it, you can carry the craft.
• Auxiliary materials. Additionally, prepare wire cutters and a simple pencil or pen.

When all the tools and items are prepared, you can begin to assemble the structure of the magnetic motor.

How to make a motor - the progress of work

• If your wire is in a coil, then pinch off the length of the workpiece 80 cm with wire cutters. You need to make a ring with several turns from it. Use the surface of the battery as a base. Align one edge and after 3-5 cm, start winding the wire onto the battery. Leave the second edge free and even.

• The wire ring will be a coil, so tie the edges into a knot. But at the same time leave a small part free. Make it even. Here's what you should get.

• Thoroughly clean the ends of the wire with sandpaper. For convenience, hold the workpiece with one hand, and process the edge of the wire with the other.

• After processing one edge, you will get a light-colored wire. Strip the other end of the wire in the same way.

• Next, you will need two large paper clips and a pencil.

• Pick up one end of the paper clip with a pencil and unfold it in opposite side from the base. In this case, you should get a small loop in the center of the workpiece. Attach one end of the paper clip to the battery so that it inner part the fold was located around the ledge.

• In the same way, attach a second paper clip and secure it to the battery with masking tape. Then put the blank on the cardboard and secure with adhesive tape as shown in the picture.

• Place a wire ring over the battery. Pass the free edges through the loops on the paper clips. Try not to bend the wire. If this happens, then be sure to align it.

• Put the magnet on top of the batteries, but under the circle of wire. When the magnet sticks, the ring should spin on its own. In case the circle has not started to spin, slightly push it with your hand. That's all, the simplest electric motor is ready for the experiment!

Important! Do not leave the device idle for a long time. During this time, the battery with the coil will heat up, which will lead to a malfunction of the device.

In just half an hour you can make a magnetic motor with your own hands. At the same time, you will need the most simple materials who will always be at home. Surprise your friends!

You can see how to make a more complex model of a simple motor in the video:

What do you do when the electricity goes out at night? Most likely, you light candles and spend the evening waiting for the power to come on. And you can make good use of this time. For example, to light up a room with an ordinary magnet and wire, which will allow the lamp to work without electricity. Or make a motor that can work autonomously.

DIY electromagnetic motor

This homemade electric motor is easy to make from improvised materials at home. It should be noted that such a device can be used not only as good example, but also for its intended purpose, for example, by attaching a fan to the rotor.

For manufacturing you will need:

• Spoke;
• Thin metal plates;
• Bolts with nuts;
• Copper wire;
• Piece of plywood.

From a metal sheet 0.2 mm thick, cut out 5 rectangular plates 40 by 15 mm. We make holes in the center of all plates and put them on the prepared knitting needle. Next, you need to fix the plates together with electrical tape.

For better rotation of the rotor, the ends of the spokes are sharpened, thereby ensuring the least contact with the surface.

Then, on the axis, it is necessary to fix a home-made current breaker, which is made of the metal from which the plates are made. The dimensions of the interrupter are 3 by 1 cm. This plate is folded in half and put on the axis.

Next, we make the base of plywood. To do this, on a piece of plywood measuring 50 by 50 mm, we drill three holes (two for bolts along the edges and one in the center for installing the rotor). We make a U-shaped holder for the upper part of the rotor from a metal plate. And we drill a hole in the center.

After that, for the manufacture of the stator, we cut out three plates from metal that will connect the bolts in the lower part of the structure and make two holes for the bolts in them. We put these plates on the bolts, and insert the bots into the holes on the wooden platform.

Further, the bolts are wrapped with electrical tape, and 500 turns of copper wire are wound around it. At one of the corners of the wooden structure, a holder for a contact breaker is attached. Electricity is connected to the coils with a voltage of 12 volts.

How to make a motor out of a battery

This electric motor is more of a demonstration character. In order to make the simplest motor, it will take a certain amount of time and improvised materials.

Essential elements:

• Battery 1.5 V;
• Small magnet;
• pins;
• Scotch;
• Plasticine.

First of all, it is necessary to make a coil, which will act as a rotor. To do this, we wind enameled copper wire around the battery (6 turns). We thread the ends of the wire into the resulting coil and fix it with knots.

To stiffen the structure, it is better to use a wire with a cross section of at least 0.5 mm.

We bite off the ends of the coil with pliers (they should turn out to be about 4 cm each). We clean one end of the varnish completely, and the second only on one side (it will act as an interrupter).

Next, using adhesive tape, attach the pins to the contacts of the battery. To do this, you just need to attach pins and wrap the battery with tape. Then, a magnet is installed on the battery using plasticine.

We insert the coil into the ears of the pins. In this coil, a magnetic field is formed, due to which the rotation of the movable structural element occurs. If rotation does not occur, swap the coil contacts.

Magnet from the speaker, copper wire and a lamp for making a lamp

by the most in a simple way lead in working condition a fluorescent lamp is to place it in the electromagnetic field of a conventional magnet, which is used to work in old Soviet speakers.

The device consists of:

• Round magnet;
• Copper wire.

To make this device, you first need to remove the magnet from the speaker. Further, using a hammer, without applying great force, beat off the metal plates from the magnet with light blows.

Note! If the plates do not move away from the magnet, you can soak it for a while in a solvent.

After the plates are removed from the magnet, it must be cleaned of contaminants. To do this, use a regular rag or rag.

Next, the winding is manufactured. To do this, take a piece of copper wire in insulation. The length of the wire should be long enough to fold it in half and wind the magnet with five turns. The double end of the wire is threaded into the resulting wire eye.

After the magnet is wrapped, an ordinary fluorescent lamp is inserted into the central part of the magnet. This design can be equipped decorative materials and use as a standalone lamp.

The best homemade magnets

The use of magnets in everyday life is so wide that it would take a long time to list them all. But since many are rather entertaining, let's take a closer look at listing the widely used ones.

Magnets are used:

• During installation work;
• Washing windows;
• as holders.

First of all, it is worth noting that the search for magnets is not a very difficult task. Small magnets, you can find in old headphones. More powerful neodymium magnets can be removed from old computer hard drives.

Let's assume you are working with wooden structure. In one hand you hold a hammer, and in the other an element of this design. In this case, holding an armful of nails is not very convenient. To do this, you just need to place a magnet in your breast pocket and glue nails to it.

There are situations when you have to tighten the screws in hard-to-reach places in which it is not possible to hold the screw. To do this, simply attach the magnet to the metal part of the screwdriver. A magnetized screwdriver allows you to hold a bolt or self-tapping screw on its own.

If you stick small magnets to computer desk(in any convenient location), then you can use them as holders for various USB or other types of wires. To do this, small springs are put on the wires (springs from handles can be used), which are a metal magnetized structure.

The force of attraction of a magnet depends not only on its size, but also on the time of its operation.

As an integral element of decor, magnets can be used as fasteners for a puzzle located on the refrigerator door. For this, any photograph is taken, which is drawn on certain elements. A small magnet is glued to each element using ordinary glue. The photo is divided into constituent elements. After that, it is assembled on the refrigerator door in the form of a puzzle.

What can be done from a battery (video)

In order to assemble an almost eternal electric motor at home, it is enough to have ingenuity and ordinary knowledge in the field of electrical engineering. Which in some cases will undoubtedly come in handy.

This video is for all novice ham radio experimenters who would like to make a simple mini motor from available radio components. Very good way to keep your child occupied and accustomed to technical knowledge. Be sure that your child will show his knowledge in physics lessons at school.

Let's assemble a simple electric motor

Let's repeat the old school experiment. What you need to prepare for homemade:
Battery 2a. Enamelled wire with a cross section of 0.5 mm. Magnet. Two pins, stationery tape, plasticine. Tool. First, let's make a coil. We wind it from enameled wire. We make 6-7 turns around the battery. We fix the ends of the wire with knots. Now you need to properly clean the varnish on the coil. This important point- the performance of the engine depends on the correct execution. One end is completely cleared of insulation. The other is on one side. This side must match bottom coils.

We fix the pins on the battery with tape. We check the contacts with a tester. Install the magnet. In this case, it's weak. Therefore, you have to lift it closer to the coil. We fix the structure on the table with plasticine. The coil must be installed correctly. When it is set, the bare ends should touch the pins.

The principle of operation of the simplest micro motor

A magnetic field is generated in the coil. It turns out an electromagnet. The poles of the permanent magnet and the coil must be the same. That is, they must repel. The repulsive force turns the coil. One of the ends loses contact and the magnetic field disappears. By inertia, the coil turns. The contact reappears and the cycle repeats.

If the magnets are attracted, the engine will not spin. Therefore, one of the magnets will need to be turned over.

We start the motor. We can give a little practicality to this product. Attach a hypnotic coil to one end of the coil. Fascinating! You can make a famous thaumatrope with a bird in a cage.

Channel “OlO”

A more advanced homemade engine for studying electromagnetic phenomena

Video “99%DIY”.


We need a wine cork. First of all, we make a hole in the center. On both sides we cut out small planes. Insert the knitting needle into the hole. Fix with superglue. We wind electrical tape on the knitting needle. We install two pieces of copper wire inside the cork.

You will need insulated thin copper wire to create a mini motor. The master used a length of 5 m and a diameter of 0.4 mm. We wind in the 1st direction on the motor rotor. We remove the insulation from the terminals of the winding. We connect the wires to the contacts. We fix the winding with superglue. We give contacts the following form. The motor rotor is ready.

Now let's make the body. This will require wooden base and two small bars in which we make holes. Bars and glue on the base. Install the motor rotor.

From two pieces of copper wire we will make brushes for a mini motor.

Why do you need two magnets. Glue on small wooden blocks. We glue the blanks on the base, leaving a minimum gap between the magnets and the winding. The electric motor is ready. Now let's move on to testing.

As you can see in the filmed video, this miniature engine has a lot of backlash and does not have much power. But this is not important for such a homemade product, it is designed to study electromagnetic phenomena that often take place at school superficially, without the use of special experiments. It is impossible to study a subject without visual and practical action especially when it comes to electricity. Here the imagination is a weak helper.
However, as you may have also noticed, you can attach some kind of drive to the motor shaft. For example, the fan will work. When you have mastered this video tutorial, you can proceed to a more advanced motor. Use bearings to reduce friction. Then the efficiency of a do-it-yourself device can compete with industrial products of this kind.