Standards for completing fire shields of buildings and structures

In accordance with Fire safety regulations of the Russian Federation (clause 108 PPB 01-03) all premises, buildings and structures must be provided primary fire extinguishing equipment... Fire-fighting water supply systems must be in good working order, auxiliary equipment for primary fire extinguishing is placed on, access to which must be as simple as possible.
Shields with firefighting equipment are placed in such a way that completely cover the entire area of buildings and structures... With the help of shields, all tools for extinguishing a fire are collected in one place. They will help eliminate small fires or contain the spread of a fire before the arrival of fire services.

Standards for completing fire shields of buildings and structures

All tools on the fire shield must be hanging from hooks. It is strictly forbidden to rigidly fix (fasten, nail) inventory or use it for household needs.

Shields are for sale fully stocked, but you can also purchase the inventory separately and complete the shield yourself. To do this, you need to know the requirements of fire safety - the complete set and the number of shields and varies depending on the compliance of the object with the fire hazard class according to ISO N 3941-7... The fire inspectorate issues significant fines for improper installation or set of tools.
The complete set of the shield is determined based on fire class(the presence of certain flammable substances).

Fire class. Hot spots

A1- With the involvement of solid combustible substances and materials, mainly organic. Burning is accompanied by smoldering (wood, fabric, paper, etc.)
A2- Solids, no smoldering (artificial materials - plastic, plastic, etc.)
B1- Water-insoluble liquids (petroleum products, gasoline) and fusible substances (paraffin, stearin)
B2- Water-soluble liquids (ethyl alcohol, etc.)
C- Gases, including household gases (propane, etc.)
D1- Light metals (Al, Mg, etc.)
D2- Alkali metals (Na, K)
D3- Alloys and metal compounds
E- Electrical installations
F* - Radioactive elements and waste *

* as a reference

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A set of the same name has been developed for each class of fire. Enterprises agricultural direction(primary processing and storage of agricultural crops) use shields with markings SH... Fireman's shield mobile (SHPP) it is used in "field" work and during individual welding works or other irregular flammable operations.

It is not enough to equip the fire shield correctly - it is important to place the tools correctly:

PS should stand out from the interior - it cannot be repainted;
The PS is located in the most accessible places (exits, corridor intersections, etc.).

In addition, fire shields must cover the entire protected area.

Fire-technical classification of buildings - Maximum area covered by one shield - Fire class - Type of shield:

A, B and C (flammable gases and liquids) 200 А ЩП-А
V SCHP-V
(E) SHP-E
B (solid combustible substances and materials) 400 A ShchP-A
E SCHP-E
Г and Д 1800 А ЩП-А
V SCHP-V
E SCHP-E
Agricultural objects 1000 SCHP-SH
Welding or other irregular hot work A ShchPP

The class and number of fire extinguishers is determined based on their technical characteristics (properties for fire extinguishing), the area of the premises that must be serviced and the class of combustible substances.
are not interchangeable - for each class of fire, a specific type of fire extinguisher is used.
Depending on the expected scale of the fire, preference is given to manual or mobile type fire extinguisher... In the presence of a large amount of flammable or flammable substances, preference is given to more powerful mobile structures.
If there is a chance of a mixed type of fire, the fire shield is equipped with the most universal model.
Regardless of the class of fire hazard in public buildings and should be at least two hand-held fire extinguishers on each floor.

Enterprises and organizations related to logging, pulp and paper industry or located near woodlands and forest belts are in a special risk zone. The slightest hotbed of fire threatens to grow into a large-scale fire.
Negligence or malicious intent can provoke the complete combustion of vast areas of the forest or kilometers of forest belts. Extinguishing forest tracts requires the involvement of colossal forces and threatens with unimaginable losses to the management of the enterprise and the state.
It is important to consider the main purpose of the forest belt - it delimits agricultural land and prevents soil erosion. The fire from the plantation can spread to crops (especially in summer, during the grain harvest season) and disrupt the ecosystem.
The fire shield in enterprises located close to the forest zone must necessarily include, and. You must also include at least two fire extinguishers (or). The sand box should be of the maximum size - 1m3. A fire shield must be installed at each facility of the enterprise at the rate of one shield for every 100 m2.

Fire shield at the construction site

Construction objects can be rationally attributed to the category of fire hazard D. Possible types of ignition - A, B and E. Thus, the number and configuration of shields can be calculated according to the tables.
In accordance with PPB 01-03, on the territory of the construction site or during repair work, the fire shield includes:

ax - 2 pcs;
scrap - 2 pcs;
shovel - 2 pcs (bayonet and shovel);
iron hook - 2 pcs;
bucket - 2pcs;
2 fire extinguishers;
fire-fighting cloth;
sand box (from 0.5 m3);
container with water (from 0.2 m3).

In accordance with hazard class D, the distance to the nearest fire extinguisher should be no more than 70 m, while the shield provides an area of no more than 1800 m2.
Fire shields are located in places of maximum concentration of people - near the entrance, warehouses, directly to construction sites and workers' cabins. At least two shields are dispersed on each object.

Firefighter shield in kindergarten

;

two barrels for water 0.25 m3 (in winter they are replaced by 0.25 m3).

According to the fire safety requirements of Russia, at least two fire extinguishers must be installed on each floor so that the distance to the nearest one from any point is no more than 20 meters.
Disregard for fire safety standards threatens the lives of children. The fire inspectorate is attentive to the quantity and quality of firefighting equipment. Failure to comply with the law threatens with huge fines and license suspension.