Placement of fire shields: basic requirements
There are certain requirements for fire shields that must be observed for safety reasons. These requirements relate to the size, equipment and location of the boards. Where should they stand to be able to use the tools in the event of a fire? Are there size limits? What material are they made of?
Location requirements
The rules on the fire regime list the requirements that must be observed for the safety of property and people's lives. Appendix 5 lists the installation standards for fire shields. They depend on the fire and explosion hazard of the room. In accordance with the norms, at least one fire shield is installed:
- in premises of category A, B and C on an area of 200 sq. m;
- in premises of category B on an area of 400 sq. m;
- in premises of category D and D on an area of 1800 sq. m.
It is also necessary to consider which can be installed in one place or another. They, in turn, depend on the possible type of fire. At enterprises where electrical appliance fires occur, shields of the ShchP-E type are placed in accordance with safety requirements. On the elevators where the grain is located, and in the premises for storing other crops, shields of the SHP-CX type can be installed at the rate of 1 shield per 1000 sq. m.
If welding, soldering and other work related to the formation of an open fire is regularly carried out in the room, then it is necessary to install a mobile shield of the ShchPP.
| The name of the functional purpose of the premises and the category of premises or external technological installations for explosion and fire hazard | Maximum protected area by one fire shield, m2 | Fire class | Shield type |
|---|---|---|---|
| A, B and C | 200 | A V E |
SCHP-A SCHP-V SCHP-E |
| V | 400 | A E |
SCHP-A SCHP-E |
| D and D | 1800 | A V E |
SCHP-A SCHP-V SCHP-E |
| Premises and open areas of enterprises (organizations) for the primary processing of agricultural crops | 1000 | — | SCHP-CX |
| Premises for various purposes, in which | — | A | SCHPP |
There is a requirement for appearance. All fire fighting equipment should be painted red. It is clearly visible in a smoky environment and indicates the purpose of the tools. It is prohibited to take out firefighting equipment unnecessarily, to use it for extraneous purposes not related to firefighting. Each item must be in good condition.
Requirements for design and dimensions
Shields are made hinged or mounted on racks. A hinged fire shield is a plywood (wood) or metal sheet to which hooks for inventory are attached. You can also find a more rational model, in which only a solid metal frame is made. Attached to it are fasteners. If the frame is painted red and hung on a white wall, then it will meet all the design requirements.
Closed shields are made in the form of boxes with lattice or glass doors. This allows you to see the content, but protects against unwanted intrusion. The depth of the box should be such that it does not obstruct the passage, while at the same time accommodating all the necessary tools.
The edging of the fire shield has a width of 3 ... 10 cm and is also painted red or red and white stripes running at an angle of 45 ° ... 60 °. The field on which the tool is attached is white. On white, red and black details are visible from afar.
According to the requirements, in addition to tools for fighting a fire, telephone numbers are placed on the shield by which you can call the Ministry of Emergency Situations or the contact details of the nearest fire department. There is also an inventory of tools.
The height and width of the fire shield does not exceed 1.5 m. Each item is placed on the shield separately, therefore, depending on the configuration, the dimensions may vary.
Tools must not be screwed on or nailed down tightly. They are hung on hooks so that they can be easily removed. You can do this yourself by purchasing separately the inventory and the shield. You can also buy all the necessary firefighting tools included.
Fire shield signs
The location of the fire shields should be indicated on the evacuation plan. There is GOST R 12.4.026-2001, which lists the requirements for signal signs and colors. A red rectangle or square is used to indicate the locations of fire-fighting tools. To indicate the location of several protective equipment, a white semicircle is depicted on a red background. This is how not only shields can be determined, but also fire hydrants and fire extinguishers installed in one place.
Fire shield is optional. If desired, it can be placed next to or on the doors of a closed stand.
There are requirements for the design of direction signs. A directional sign, which is hung on the walls of premises to show where the firefighters are located, is a white arrow on a red background. There is also a sign with red letters ПЩ and the serial number of the shield on a white background. This designation must correspond to the actual numbering of the shields.
Indoor installation standards
According to the requirements of the fire regime, the shield must be installed in an easily accessible place. Main locations:
- warehouses where no internal water supply is provided;
- buildings near which there are no water intake points from an external water supply.
The term “near” means a distance of less than 100 m. In other words, if there are no water sources that can be quickly used in case of fire, then shields with fire-fighting equipment are installed.
Most often, fire shields are found in garage complexes, at agricultural facilities, in workshops of enterprises, in trade and transit warehouses. The complete set is compiled depending on the features of the fire safety requirements at the facility.
There are no special installation requirements. The shield is hung on the wall or attached to it, observing a stable position. Open shields are placed inside the premises, the doors in which are locked.
Closed models can be installed in public places and outdoors, after pre-sealing the doors. In any case, the installation should be such that precipitation and bright rays of the sun do not fall on the inventory.
Inventory requirements
Can be installed next to the fire shield. It also has its own requirements. The stock of sand is 0.5, 1 or 3 cubic meters. m.
A shovel is included with the sand. In its absence, bulk material can be collected. 500 sq. m premises of the highest categories of explosion and fire hazard (A, B, C), one box is installed. For lower categories (D, E), the requirements are less stringent. It is enough to install only one drawer per 1000 sq. m. The boxes are placed in such a place that moisture does not get inside. By design, they should be simple and as convenient as possible for extracting sand.
If the shield is equipped with barrels of water, then their capacity must be at least 2 cubic meters. m. Along with the barrels, according to standard requirements, there are 2 buckets. Fire fighting equipment should not interfere with the movement of people. This is especially important during evacuation. At the same time, it must be easily accessible and visible so that anyone can use it.
The basic requirements for shields and components are listed in GOST 12.4.009-83, which also contains links to other important regulatory documents.
Manual firefighting tools are periodically checked, cleaned of dust and traces of corrosion, if they began to appear, lubricate if necessary. Where the paint has peeled off, it is restored so that the tools meet the requirements of GOST.
After use, the firefighting tool is inspected, the shovels are sharpened, the crowbar and the hook are straightened if they are bent. Refined and repaired items are returned to the shield. Replenish missing components if they have been lost.
With the judicious use of fire extinguishing agents, they are quite enough to cope with the resulting fire source. If you notice a fire in a timely manner, then it can be quickly extinguished even before the arrival of the fire department.
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