Classification of fire trucks. Basic, special and auxiliary vehicles

Major fire trucks fall into two specific subcategories: general purpose fire trucks and targeted fire trucks.

Fire fighting vehicles for general use.

These cars include tank trucks, auto pumps, and first aid vehicles.

Tank trucks are equipped with special fluid tanks and pumps. This special equipment is used to transport extinguishing substances, various devices and equipment directly to the fire site. Water or foam can be used as the extinguishing liquid.

Tank trucks are the most common type of fire fighting equipment. There are several types of matching fire trucks:

lightweight, the capacity of which does not exceed 2000 liters. An example of such a vehicle is a tank truck of the АЦ30 (53А) brand;
medium, the capacity of which is 2-4 cubic meters. An example of such vehicles are tanks of grades АЦ30 (130), АЦ40 (375);
heavy, the capacity of which exceeds 4 cubic meters.

It is worth noting that tankers are made on the basis of ZIL vehicles (the volume of the water tank is 3.5 m3, the volume of the foaming agent is 210 liters, the pump capacity is 40 liters per second). Also used are KamAZ vehicles (water tank - 5m3, foaming agent 350l, pump capacity - 40l / s) and Ural (water tank volume - 15m3, foaming agent - 900l, pump capacity - 100l / s).

Auto pumps have a design similar to tank trucks. However, they are equipped with a large number of appropriate equipment. Also, the installations are equipped with enlarged containers for the transportation of the foaming agent. Such cars are used together with the AC or independently. Most often, such vehicles are performed on the basis of the KamAZ chassis. In this case, the diameter of the sleeve through which the extinguishing substance is supplied can be 51 or 77 millimeters. The total length of sleeves on a car can be 3500-5000 meters. The pump capacity is 100 liters per second.

First aid vehicles are used for prompt delivery of crews, small equipment and fire extinguishing substances to the fire site. With the help of these vehicles, the fire is localized until the arrival of more powerful equipment. First aid vehicles based on the GAZ chassis are being executed. At the same time, the volume of the water tank is 500 liters, the volume of the foaming agent is 50 liters, the pump capacity is 0.8 l / s.

Targeted fire vehicles.

Foam extinguishing installations. This special equipment is used to deliver extinguishing substances, equipment and accessories to the fire site. These machines differ from tank trucks by the presence of two portable devices that provide lifting of foam generators to a certain height (up to thirteen meters). Also, such a structure may include the following units and devices:

stationary fire monitor (combined);
two dispensing inserts;
foam generators (six pieces).

The technique is performed on the basis of the Ural chassis. The volume of the container for the transportation of the foaming agent is 180 liters. Pump capacity - 2400 l / s.

Powder extinguishing installations. This special equipment is used to eliminate fires at various industrial facilities (oil refineries, chemical industry, nuclear power). Such vehicles were discontinued in 1986, however, in some fire departments they are still used today.

Gas extinguishing installations. This type of technique is used to extinguish burning electrical equipment that is energized. Also, appropriate vehicles are used to extinguish fires in archives and museums. With the help of these units it is possible to extinguish flammable and combustible liquids spilled on the surface or in tanks.

Such special equipment is carried out on the basis of the ZIL, KamAZ, Ural chassis. The main functional mechanism of the car is the installation of gas extinguishing. Also in the design of the vehicle there are cylinders with carbon dioxide. The extinguishing agent is supplied through a special barrel.

Gas-water extinguishing vehicles. This technique is equipped with a turbojet engine. Thanks to this, a powerful gas flow is created, which has a high coefficient of kinetic energy. Such machines are used to extinguish gas and oil fountains. Cars are created on the basis of the KamAZ chassis. The capacity of the pump supplying the gas-water mixture is 150 liters per second.

Combined extinguishing installations. Such special equipment provides a consistent supply of special foam and OPS directly to the fire site. The complete set of the corresponding machines is determined by the type of the base chassis and the installation of the superstructure.

The vehicle can be executed on the KamAZ chassis. The volume of the water tank is 6m3. The mass of extinguishing powder is 1000 kilograms. Pump capacity - 80 l / s.

Aerodrome cars. This technique is used in the rescue of crews and passengers of air transport, as well as in the elimination of fires in air transport and the consequences of related accidents. Airfield vehicles are divided into two types:

starting cars located directly near the runways. An example of such a technique is the AA40 (131) vehicle based on the ZIL chassis;
the main vehicles located in the fire department. An example of such a machine is a car model AA60 (7310), made on the basis of MAZ.

Also, aerodrome fire-fighting equipment can be executed on the KamAZ chassis. The vehicle has a pump capacity of 40 liters per second. The volume of the water tank is 5m3. The mass of transported carbon dioxide is 50 kilograms.

Pumping stations. This technique is used to supply fluid through highways to mobile trunks or fire engines. Pumping stations are carried out on the ZIL chassis, as well as on trailers. The pump capacity of such installations is 110 liters per second.

Special fire trucks

This group of machines includes the following vehicles:

Sleeve car. The technique is used to transport a certain number of hoses to the fire site or to lay highways on the go. The vehicles are carried out on the basis of the ZIL chassis. The number of transported sleeves depends on their diameter.

The speed of laying out the hoses in one line is 9 kilometers per hour.

Lighting and communication machines. The technique is used to illuminate the area near a burning object. In addition, the units make it possible to establish a full-fledged connection between the working brigade and the central headquarters. An example of such a machine is the ASO12 (66) 90A unit. The power of the generator of special equipment is 12 kW. The set includes radio stations (portable stationary), loudspeaker, telephone, searchlight. The installation was mounted on the GAZ chassis.

Fire ladders. The devices are used to lift fire service personnel to the upper floors. The classification of these machines is carried out taking into account the length of the ladder itself and the type of drive michanism:

short ladder. An example is a car AL18 (52A) L2. Length - no more than 20 meters;
medium ladder. An example is a car AL30 (131) L21. Length - up to 30 meters;
long ladder. An example is a car AL45 (257) PM109. Length - 30 meters or more.

Ladder drives are electric, hydraulic, mechanical, combined.

Auxiliary fire trucks

This group of fire trucks includes cars that are used to transport staff from headquarters and units. Also included are cargo vehicles, often used to transport a variety of inventory, valuables and other things. In addition, auxiliary special equipment includes fuel trucks, mobile workshops, mobile laboratories, truck cranes, excavators and tractors, as well as other vehicles.