Military sanitary doctor. Training of military doctors, pros and cons of the profession. Rights of a military woman related to pregnancy and childbirth

How to become a military man in Russia? How can a girl join the Russian Army? What are the positive and negative sides of military service? Who should absolutely not join the military? And which military universities are considered prestigious?

Military education
There are several ways to become a military man in our country. The shortest and most promising educational trajectory begins with cadet corps, which children enroll from the age of 10. It is worth going to a cadet school when parents and the child are confident in a future military career. Children after 4th grade primary school the road to Suvorov, Nakhimov and other prestigious military schools is open. Cadet schools differ from general education schools in having increased requirements for applicants: children take entrance exams, and competitive selection can be very serious due to large quantity applicants. Unlike secondary school In the cadet corps, much attention is paid to the daily routine, discipline, physical training and moral and volitional qualities of students. It is believed that the level of knowledge among cadets is higher due to military discipline and motivation.

Part military schools(Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan and other VU) accept students after 9th grade. Cadets receive an average professional education military profile, which includes not only a general program, physical training, but also military training.
Training in cadet corps and military schools are provided by the state: accommodation, studies and even travel for students are paid by the Ministry of Defense. Graduates cadet schools and schools have priority rights when entering military universities.

Russian military universities train specialists in military professions in the following areas:
✔ Application and operation of special monitoring tools and systems 05/11/03
✔ Logistics support 56.05.01
✔ Radiation, chemical and biological protection 56.05.02
✔ Service-applied physical training 56.05.03
✔ Personnel management (Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and equivalent bodies of the Russian Federation) 05.56.04
✔ Border activities 57.05.01
✔ And others

When entering a higher military educational institution, not only knowledge in specialized subjects (Unified State Exam scores) is important, but also psychological stability, a “clean history” (no criminal record), high level physical training.

Top 5 military universities
Most prestigious military academies are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg. If you decide to devote yourself to serving your Motherland, then it makes sense to enroll in best universities:
1. Military Academy Strategic Missile Forces (Moscow)
2. Naval Academy(Saint Petersburg)
3. Air Force Academy named after the first cosmonaut Gagarin (Moscow)
4. Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy (St. Petersburg)
5. Academy of the FSB of the Russian Federation (Moscow)

How can a girl enroll in military service?
Military education and contract service are available to both boys and girls. Officially, there are no restrictions for women in military service. But, to be honest, it is difficult for women to get into many military specialties; only enthusiasm and great desire serve the Motherland.
Most often, girls master medical professions– become nurses or military doctors of various profiles. In particular, girls can be found in supply and among military signalmen - qualified IT specialists are in demand in the Army. And if girls have long served in foreign armies on an equal basis with men, then in our country they are not yet in “male” professions (pilots, tank crews, paratroopers).

Pros and cons of military service
The profession of a military man has always been prestigious and respected in society. In many families, the tradition of devoting themselves to military affairs goes back 3-4 generations. However, in the military profession there are both positive sides, and negative. Before entering a military educational institution, you must do conscious choice and weigh all the pros and cons for yourself.

Disadvantages of being a military man:

✔ Risk to life. The military man does not belong to himself, he serves the Motherland. It’s not every day that military personnel risk their lives, and not all specialties are associated with real danger, but if the command orders to fly to a hot spot on the planet, then the military man must be prepared for this both physically and psychologically.
✔ Household difficulties. Life in garrisons and military camps cannot be called comfortable. The understandable hardships of camp life can also be superimposed on the unsettled conditions in Peaceful time. A military man can be “transferred” to different regions country, and if a serviceman has a family, it is not possible to get an apartment and “settle down” right away.
✔ Harmful to health. Constant stress, risk of injury and lack of living conditions - this is what awaits a military man on the front line.
✔ Strict requirements of subordination. Orders given by a senior in rank are not discussed, even if they do not seem reasonable. And if, due to your character, you cannot obey a senior in rank, then military service is not suitable for you - for it you need to have willpower and self-control.
✔ Dependence on the state. The military has many benefits, but since military personnel belong to the category of "state employees", crisis periods It is they who have it more difficult than representatives of other professions.

✔ Prestige of the profession. The military is one of the oldest, traditionally honorable professions. Understanding the benefits that a person brings to the country and its citizens greatly helps to cope with the hardships of military life.
✔ Understandable career. Promotions depend not so much on personal qualities as on length of service - time in service.
✔ Social package. Payment for tuition and living expenses, government benefits, military mortgages and many other privileges are available to military personnel. The state fully provides for the military from the moment of admission to an educational institution. Monetary allowance a student's scholarship at a university is much higher than a student's stipend at a civilian university.
✔ Guaranteed employment. Graduates of military universities, unlike civilian ones, do not have problems with employment in the future.
✔ Opportunities for professional development and training. Additional training is encouraged in the Armed Forces, so a specialist can receive both a second and third higher education at the expense of the state.
✔ Early and decent retirement. For certain military specialties, 1 year of service is counted as 2 or even 3. Therefore, it is quite possible to become a pensioner at the age of 40. After retirement, the life of a military man is just beginning; you can open your own business or go to work in the civil service and at the same time receive a military pension.

Congratulations to all defenders of the Motherland and those who plan to become one!

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There are different types of doctors, among them there are those who have shoulder straps on their shoulders. A military doctor is a difficult profession, but extremely necessary. And certainly the most humane among all military specialties. First of all military doctor- is a person with higher medical education and officer's shoulder straps. In principle, there are more military doctors in the army - these are private orderlies, sergeant-medical instructors, and paramedic-warrant officers. But only officers can hold medical positions; only the phrase “medical service” is added to their rank, for example, “senior lieutenant of the medical service.” In the not so distant past, military doctors were exclusively men. Nowadays, the gender ratio in the medical service has practically leveled out; some women have even risen to the rank of colonel.

What does a military doctor do? The most obvious answer is to heal the wounded. In fact, this is just one of the many tasks of a military doctor, and even then mainly in combat conditions. In peacetime, he has a lot of responsibilities and not all of them are related to medicine. In short, it supports all medical support for the Armed Forces, and this includes medical and preventive work, sanitary and hygienic supervision, anti-epidemic measures, medical supplies, and many other scary words. More to the point in simple language, the military doctor must protect the soldier and officer from everything that could prevent them from fulfilling their combat missions. Actually, this is why doctors have never been in the first roles in the army, but have always been part of units and support units.

There are two large groups of military doctors. The former, in military medical slang, are called “organizers”, the latter – “healers”. How they differ should be clear from the names. The former are mainly engaged in administrative and management activities. The latter, accordingly, treat. The first are various kinds of bosses (chief of a medical post, commander of a medical unit, head of the medical service of a unit, etc.), the second are residents in hospitals, medical specialists, etc.

The primary link of military doctors is also called military. These are doctors and chief medical officers of battalions, brigades, etc. They are part of the staff of military units and live in places of their permanent deployment. It is they who are responsible for the main work of prevention, as well as the earliest possible detection of diseases in soldiers, monitoring the quality of food, water, the proper air temperature in the barracks, the regularity of washing in the bathhouse and changing underwear. They are the first to encounter outbreaks of acute respiratory viral infections or intestinal infections in units, fight infected abrasions and other skin infections, go to night shooting, sound the alarm and leave with units for exercises.

How to become a military doctor? The first option is to go from cadet to lieutenant by entering a specialized military university. True, after Mr. Serdyukov’s reforms, there was only one left in Russia: the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg (VMedA). However, the second option is also possible: from the moment of graduation from a civilian medical university and up to 35 years of age, any a doctor can enter service under a contract.

Admission to the Military Medical Academy is significantly different from admission to the civilian medical school. For example, there is a strict age restriction: you can apply only at the age of 16-22 years, and the age is considered as of August 1 of the year of admission. If you turn 16 on August 2nd, you will have to wait whole year, and if the 23rd hits July 31st, you will have to abandon the academy. Another significant difference: admission needs to be decided in advance. The application must be submitted to the local military registration and enlistment office no later than April 20 of the year of admission. Here, at local military registration and enlistment offices, the first round of selection takes place. The most important milestone to be overcome is the medical commission. It is carried out in accordance with the “Regulations on military medical examination”, more precisely, paragraph “d” of the Table of additional requirements for the state of health of citizens. Most often, vision becomes an obstacle to admission; it must be at least 0.8/0.5 for near without correction and at least 0.8/0.5 for distance with correction, and there are no “pros” or “cons” in glasses must exceed 4 dioptres. Allergies to vaccinations and antibiotics will also block the path to the shoulder straps of a military doctor. The most interesting thing is that it is possible to serve as a soldier with all of the above pathologies, but it is no longer possible to become a medical officer. The second stage of selection is carried out based on documents. The reason for refusal could be, for example, a criminal record. Applicants are invited to the third stage from July 1 to July 30 The educational center VMedA in Krasnoe Selo. Here they once again undergo an expanded medical commission, professional and psychological selection in the form of many hours of testing (in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense No. 50 of 2000), and also pass physical training standards - 100-meter run, 3 km cross-country and pull-ups ( Order of the Minister of Defense No. 200 of 2009). The physical training requirements are quite strict, and the point system allows you to screen out an almost unlimited number of candidates. 170 points and above can be considered a relative guarantee. In more understandable numbers: 15 pull-ups (70 points), 3 km in 12 minutes 24 seconds (50 points), 100 m in 13.9 seconds (51 points). Options are possible, say, you can do less pull-ups, but run the three-three mark faster. Or run a hundred meters in 11.8 seconds and get 100 points for it. For girls, who for some time now can also enter military universities, the requirements are softer. It is enough for them to run 1 km instead of 3, and for them pull-ups are replaced with torso bends. And only after all this they look at the Unified State Exam results in Russian, biology and chemistry, and one of them is necessarily a major, i.e. in the event of an equal score, the advantage goes to the applicant who passed better, for example, chemistry, as this year. Determination of final admission criteria (analogous to “ passing score") is determined by the academy annually, so it is impossible to predict in advance what your child’s chances of admission are.

Features of study. In the VMedA, at the faculties of training doctors (and there are three of them: II, where they train landmen, III, flight and IV, sea) they study for 6 years. It takes 6 years to obtain a medical diploma, and another year to complete primary medical specialization (internship). From 1st to 5th year - cadets (with soldier and sergeant ranks), 6th year - lieutenants.

To the complexity of studying at a medical university are added “hardships and deprivations military service" Walking in formation, barracks position for the first 2 courses, early rise, compulsory morning work-out, observance of dress code, daily outfits, etc. Therefore, young men who have big problems with the word “must”, it is better to avoid cadet shoulder straps. Future military doctors regularly run cross-country courses, undergo skiing training, and pass swimming and shooting standards. Please note that if you have excess weight, all this will be problematic.

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Military doctor

A military doctor is a person with a higher medical education who has a military rank.

Military doctors have a special neutral position, which was assigned to them in 1864 by the Geneva Convention. According to the convention, military doctors are obliged to perform only medical duties and provide assistance to victims of hostilities or armed conflicts without exception.

In the army, military doctors are considered the most important figures. Without this category of military, the army could not exist. The doctor monitors the health of the soldiers and provides them with the necessary medical care if necessary.

Responsibilities of a military doctor

A military doctor must have command skills and be able to organize a medical service; the ability to solve the problems of providing medical care, both in peacetime and in armed conflicts or hostilities, is also important.

The doctor must monitor the health of the military and, if necessary, provide medical assistance or refer them to a specialist.

The doctor is obliged to provide assistance to everyone without exception.

Military doctor surgeon

A military doctor and surgeon provides treatment and is responsible for transporting the wounded from the sites of military conflicts.

Modern weapons are capable of causing a large percentage of severe injuries to humans, which leads to some difficulties in the treatment and transportation of victims during military operations.

A military surgeon differs from a civilian in treatment methods in military conflicts. The doctor provides multidisciplinary care, therefore, must understand all areas of surgery.

Modern equipment that military field hospitals are equipped with and new surgical technologies make it possible to provide qualified assistance to victims and save lives.

More and more new types of weapons are appearing in the world, in scientific laboratories of military surgery they are studying the damaging effects of modern weapons and developing new surgical devices that can be used in military field conditions with minimal risk to the life of the victim.

Military doctor dentist

A military dentist organizes medical care and treatment for wounded people with injuries to the maxillofacial area.

During the training process, cadets study dental diseases and injuries by observing the condition of patients in the clinic. However, future military dentists do not encounter combat injuries, which makes it difficult to carry out practical classes and mastery of program issues.

Military sanitary doctor

A military sanitary doctor supervises the sanitary condition of the troops, preserves their health, eliminates external unfavorable factors, and also controls the quality of food, which allows increasing the professional capacity of the country's army.

Military veterinarian

A military veterinarian doctor protects the health of animals in the troops, restores their fitness for service, and ensures control over the supply of meat and livestock products.

How to become a military doctor?

A military doctor is not an easy profession; to become a specialist in this field you must, first of all, have endurance, military discipline, and extraordinary knowledge. Many military doctors are accustomed to military life from a young age; most graduate from military lyceums before entering university.

After receiving a high school diploma, a person planning to become a military doctor must enter a medical university.

It takes time to train a qualified specialist - six years of training, and one to two years of internship. In addition, any doctor must regularly improve his qualifications, since medical science does not stand still, one should be aware of new treatment methods.

The first four years of study can take place at any medical institute, but in the fifth year you should transfer to the military medical faculty (for example, to the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy).

Military doctors study in more depth subjects important to the military (surgery, radiology, toxicology, military field therapy), but the diploma is practically no different from a civilian doctor.

The practice of cadets of military medical universities takes place at the place of service; often young doctors have to undergo an internship in conditions of military operations, in remote garrisons.

Where do you study to become a military doctor?

A military doctor can take the first four courses of training at any medical university. In the fifth year, you must submit an application for transfer to an institute that has a faculty for training military doctors. The most famous are the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy named after. Kirov, State Belarusian Medical University, National Medical University named after. Bogomolets in Kyiv.

Training of military doctors

Future military doctors are trained at the Faculty of Military Medicine. In the fifth year, cadets study in more depth the subjects necessary in the work of military medical personnel. Young specialists learn to act and provide the necessary medical care in case of gunshot wounds, poisoning with toxic substances, radiation exposure, etc.

After studying the theory, a young military doctor is sent to practice in military units, where for several years, under the guidance of a scientific supervisor, he will learn to apply the knowledge acquired at the institute in practice, in the conditions of real military service.

Ranks of military doctors

After graduating from the Military Medical Academy or University, a military doctor receives the rank of lieutenant of the medical service.

Military Doctor's Day

A military doctor notes his professional holiday along with other medical professionals. Health Worker's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June.

Conscription of doctors for military service

After graduating from the medical academy, a military doctor is sent to serve under a contract. After the end of the contract, you can either extend your service or leave the armed forces.

Benefits for military doctors

After 10 years of service, a military doctor has the right to sign up for free housing.

Benefits are not provided if the doctor left service after the end of the first contract, however, if the dismissal was due to layoffs or illness, benefits are retained.

Benefits are earned by military doctors throughout their service. After 20 years of service, the doctor has the right to salary after leaving the armed forces, medical care (including family members), etc.

Certification of military doctors

A military doctor undergoes mandatory certification, which is an important form of material and moral incentives for personnel. Certification is carried out according to the national nomenclature, taking into account the requirements and characteristics of doctors.

The first certification takes place at a military medical university, before receiving a diploma. Cadets who successfully pass the certification receive a diploma of higher complete education in their specialty and a master's qualification.

Then, after a certain period of time, doctors undergo certification to be assigned a qualification category and to confirm the qualification category.

Military doctor salary

Besides wages, a military doctor receives salary bonuses for length of service, for special conditions of military service, etc.

A military doctor is a difficult profession; he is responsible for the medical support of the Armed Forces, including treatment and preventive work, anti-epidemiological measures, sanitary and hygienic control, medical supplies, etc.

A military field surgeon performs operations in combat conditions and also organizes the treatment of combat injuries.

Wage

30,000–40,000 rub. (spb.rosrabota.ru)

Place of work

Military hospitals, hot spots, military units.

Responsibilities

The main task of a military field surgeon is to provide timely medical surgical care on the battlefield and help the wounded recover from injuries and injuries. The surgeon performs operations and develops new treatment methods. True, in this case the emphasis, first of all, is on preserving life at any cost and moving the wounded to a military hospital.

In fact, the work of a military surgeon is similar to the profession of an emergency doctor, but much more difficult due to high percentage severe injuries caused by military weapons. In addition to operations, a military field surgeon organizes care for the wounded and determines the feasibility of providing medical care.

Important qualities

The following qualities are important in the profession: courage, willingness to work for a long time in hot spots, a sense of compassion, communication skills, leadership skills, stress resistance and the ability to find informed decisions in emergency situations.

Reviews about the profession

“I was the first to introduce sorting of the wounded at Sevastopol dressing stations and thereby destroyed the chaos that prevailed there. I am convinced from experience that to achieve good results in military field hospitals, it is not so much scientific surgery and medical art that is needed, but efficient and well-established administration... Without stewardship and proper administration, there is no benefit from a large number of doctors, and even if there are more of them little, then most of the wounded are left without help at all.”

N. I. Pirogov,
founder of military field surgery.

Stereotypes, humor

The profession is associated with a great risk to life, which leaves its mark on the character. Representatives of the profession are courageous, have a persistent character and are ready for any difficulties. You can often meet a man in a position.

Education

To work as a military field surgeon, a higher medical education is required, obtained at a military university, for example, at the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.

Medical universities in Moscow: Moscow State University. Lomonosov, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, Russian National Research Medical University RNRMU named after N.I. Pirogov.

A military doctor is not just a soldier with a medical education, but a person regardless of external conditions, impartially and with full dedication, driven by the desire to provide assistance to all those affected by armed conflicts and wars. A profession that originated back in the days Ancient Egypt, does not lose its relevance in the 21st century, which is due to the many hot spots on the map of the earth.

Responsibilities

A military doctor is also a medic who, due to his duty of service, is able to provide medical assistance to military and civilians, regardless of rank and status, but at the same time possesses commanding skills. The peculiarity of his work is the need to act not only in peacetime, but also in situations with a risk to life, during hostilities or armed conflicts, when it is necessary to competently organize a medical service.

The main task of a military doctor is medical support and equipment of the armed forces. In peacetime, they also do not remain idle, performing the following duties:

prevention of diseases among military personnel, prevention of epidemics;

control and monitoring of implementation sanitary standards composition;

training military personnel in basic first aid skills;

medical examinations, surgical treatment sick and carrying out emergency operations on wounded soldiers and, if necessary, evacuating them;

supply of medications and dressings, instruments, and equipment.

Thus, the functions of military doctors are not limited to one treatment; they are much broader and include a set of measures to provide the military unit with everything necessary, i.e., to eliminate all kinds of barriers that prevent soldiers and officers from carrying out assigned combat missions.

Requirements

Not all applicants who want to find a job as a doctor in military unit will be able to do this. Applicants for this vacancy are subject to a number of requirements and conditions:

1. Availability of higher medical education.
2. The applicant and his close relatives have no criminal record.
3. Emotional stability, mental health.
4. Military training, physical development.
5. Absence of any diseases (health contraindications).

Compliance of the applicant with all the stated criteria speaks not only of his qualifications, but also of his psychological potential, which helps to quickly and easily adapt to combat conditions and begin to carry out assigned tasks.

It is important to note that this position does not imply any restrictions on potential candidates depending on gender, except for the presence of education and special military training, so a female military doctor is no exception.

Military ranks for military medics

The medical service of the armed forces includes the following categories of workers:

Military doctors: surgeon, dentist, sanitary doctor.

Pharmacists, pharmacists, laboratory assistants.

Paramedics, nurses, orderlies.

Sanitary instructors.

Every medical worker as stated in the Regulations on Service, regardless of whether he is in the reserve or in the Armed Forces, he must have a personal military rank. Thus, a number of military ranks are provided for military personnel, which were introduced back in 1943 by the USSR NGO, depending on where the doctor performs his duties. Moreover, the conditions of appointment apply to both military medical and military veterinary personnel.

If you have medical or veterinary military specialties, apply to the corresponding military ranks add the words "medical/veterinary service".

Junior officers of the medical (veterinary) service:

• Ensign;
• lieutenant;
• senior lieutenant;
• captain.

Senior officers of the medical (veterinary) service:

• major;
• lieutenant colonel;
• colonel.

Senior officers of the medical (veterinary) service:

• Major General;
• Lieutenant General;
• Colonel General.

However, from 1935 to 1943, the titles of military doctors had a different name. Among them were the ranks of military doctors.

Thus, according to the resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, military doctors could be awarded the following titles:

1. Military paramedic.
2. Senior military paramedic.
3. Military doctor of the 3rd, 2nd, 1st rank.
4. Brig doctor.
5. Divdoctor.
6. Korvrach.
7. Arm doctor.

At the same time, the title “Military Doctor of the 3rd Rank” was awarded to persons with a higher medical education who had just entered or were drafted into the army.

Peculiarities

The career of a military doctor begins with the rank of lieutenant. The assignment of subsequent ranks is carried out in accordance with the basic rules that apply to other military personnel. If a candidate for the position of a military doctor has only an education with a diploma from a civilian university, after which he also completed military service, then the rank of sergeant is the maximum that is possible.

The presence of such introductory notes only allows you to apply for the position of orderly (rank of private), paramedic (ensign) or nurse (sergeant).

In this case, a career ladder awaits only if you receive an education at a special military university, upon completion of which you will be awarded the lowest officer rank.

It is the full-time students of a medical paramilitary university who undergo both medical disciplines and a combat training course. Higher educational establishments This plan is used to receive both boys and girls. Thus, the principle of gender equality is implemented.

Moreover, interest in this profession among representatives of the fairer sex is much higher than among boys. Thus, the competition among girls at the Kirov Military Medical Academy amounted to 35 people per place, as opposed to young people, when their number did not exceed 12 people per place.

Thus, if previously military doctors were exclusively men, today women’s names also appear among the names of colonels of the medical service.

Having received the rank of lieutenant, citizens who graduated from a university in mandatory They must register at the military commissariat, where they will be issued a military ID. Failure to comply with this condition may result in administrative sanctions being applied to them.

Training of specialists

The main forge of military medicine personnel, starting from Soviet times, is the VmedA named after. Kirov. Three faculties (flight, sea, land) train specialists this direction. The duration of training is 6 years, after which the graduate receives a diploma and the rank of lieutenant. The next stage in education is internship.

Unlike honey. Civil universities have a strict age limit of 16-22 years for admission to the Military Medical Academy, and the full age of 16 at the time of admission must already be on August 1. An applicant who is 23 years old on July 31 will not be able to enter the academy.

The future military doctor will learn all the hardships of military service while still a student. How do cadets at the Military Medical Academy undergo training at other military departments? drill training, in the first two courses they have a barracks situation and get up early. In addition, students wear a compulsory uniform and perform daily assignments. Moreover, the entire process is based on compliance with military discipline, physical training(ski training, running, shooting and swimming standards).

Demand and prospects

The demand for qualified specialists in the military doctor profession remains consistently high. Moreover, this is typical not only during military conflicts, but also in peacetime. A combat-ready army, along with weapons, also requires medical support to be effective.

This specialty promises great opportunities and career growth. At the same time, the activity of a doctor is not at all limited to medical practice alone and allows him to engage in purely scientific activities.

Having concluded a contract, usually for 5 years, a military doctor can go into civilian medicine. To do this, you only need to undergo requalification, and even before the end of the contract. The only condition is the payment of a penalty. This includes all costs incurred by the state. A significant part of them goes to the issuance of clothing allowances, and this is a considerable amount.

The profession of a military doctor is not easy and requires not only medical knowledge, but also endurance. Moreover, military discipline is often cultivated from a young age, when the majority, starting from military lyceums, get used to military life, before entering a university.