Define a decisive direction on a fire. Decisive direction. Firefighting plan concept

It is also necessary to closely monitor the work in the immediate vicinity of the frontal system of enemy trenches, which were subjected to artillery fire. Under the right conditions, bombardment of gas shells can be very effective. These casings can be used advantageously in different ways, provided that the weather conditions are not unfavorable for their use and that they are consumed in sufficient quantities. P. 134 "Instructions for the use of the lethal and lacrimal membrane". It should always be remembered that the gas envelope will have the greatest effect against living objects that, due to their duties, cannot leave the infected area.

For this reason, gas bombardment is such an important part of battery life. The continued bombardment will prove to be the most exhausting for the pistol squads and will ultimately lead to their impotence. In this regard, it can be noted that the bombardment of batteries located near roads or other main routes of approach with gas shells often leads to a double effect, neutralizing the batteries, as well as abandoning the road, etc. To traffic for some time now. The gas projectile will also be effective against troop concentrations in prefabricated formations or in blanks and bivouacs, especially in valleys, forests, quarries and other places where the influence of the wind is reduced.

To get the greatest effect, the bombardment of the gas shells should always start as much as possible, as a surprise; but, in addition, the gas bombardment at all times forces the enemy troops to put on their masks and thereby interferes with their activities and has a tendency to exhaustion.

Gas bombardment at night is surprising, usually conducive to weather conditions, and is particularly effective in denying sleep or rest to those under attack. As in offensive operations, the infantry must cooperate with the artillery through direct and indirect machine gun fire. Special measures must be taken to tackle any known or suspected landforms or gatherings of troops or tanks. In all fires of this kind, the use of traps and sections should be used to the maximum.

This primarily refers to the pursuit of fire in the front zone of the enemy, but the greater the degree to which this principle can be adopted, the less the enemy will be able to neutralize the weapon that irritates and loses him. Careful organization is the question that without this it will inevitably happen that some targets will receive an unnecessarily large amount of fire, while others are neglected.

Destruction of enemy defensive infantry. To what extent is the defender's destruction of the trenches and strengths adversary matters, this is a matter that requires proper discussion. The destruction of selected points in the enemy's defensive organization, generally speaking, is a necessity for the attacking force, so that the material obstacles in the path of the infantry attack can be sufficiently reduced.

Where defense is involved, the goal of destroying enemy trenches and strengths is based on other considerations. Wholesale destruction of opposite trenches is out of the question; partial destruction will not impede the delivery of the attack. Therefore, any ammunition intended for such tasks must be expended with a specific target.

An enemy preparing to attack can be materially damaged in three ways through fire against his trench system. By bombardment, calculated to have a good effect on his garrison trenches. It follows that the bombing of unoccupied trenches must be carefully avoided. The destruction of forces intended to assist in his attack on the infantry, that is, such machine guns, trenches, forward guns, tanks, gas installations and similar objects that can be definitely located. Destruction of assembly trenches and other work specifically designed to facilitate the delivery of the assault. For these purposes, zones, areas or stripes should be allocated for artillery defense in the same way as for the preparation of offensive operations.

Shooting accuracy and, therefore, observation, have paramount importance in defensive conditions, since it is imperative that the defending artillery, which, as a rule, turns out to be numerically inferior, must compensate for any such inferiority with technical superiority of fire. Therefore, destructive fire at night will rarely be warranted, although short and sharp flashes of fire designed to damage living objects must be constantly used.

Destruction of enemy infantry. The casualties caused by enemy troops by bullying fire and bombarding their infantry defenses would be commensurate with the foresight and precision with which such artillery fire is used. But as soon as an attack is threatened, special measures must be put in place with the aim of creating enemy infantry while assembling to attack such casualties that the attack will not be carried out at all, or at least only mercilessly. Destructive fire must be directed immediately at these trenches, dugouts, communication trenches and sinkholes where attacking troops, and possibly tanks, are or are considered to be solid.

Careful and continuous observation, both from the ground and from the air, enemy lines and rear areas are essential so that any multiplication of troops by the enemy can be spotted in time and fire is immediately opened at such targets with observation, if possible.

However, the threat of attack does not depend solely on the actual observation of enemy forces, which may be due to the approach of an abnormal number of aircraft, the presence of tanks or intense bombardment. Again, the alleged attack could be relayed by prisoners, deserters, or listeners.

It should be borne in mind that attacks on a large scale, especially if accompanied by tanks, are likely to develop around dawn. If, therefore, an enemy attack occurs soon, outbursts of devastating fire shortly before dawn, and sometimes before dusk, can lead to great results, especially if they are accompanied by an intensification of the pursuit of fire during the hours of darkness.

Obviously, violent fire cannot be sustained indefinitely, and hence the destruction of fire must be reserved for moments of maximum stress. In other cases, the bombardment of the enemy must be carried out by the measures described in the previous paragraphs.

Destruction of fire, in order to have its full effect, must be concentrated in both time and space, and therefore must consist of short bursts of rapid fire. The principle of concentration, in turn, requires careful organization. Areas or zones should be allocated to the different nature of the artillery and, as far as possible, targets should be pre-allocated to batteries. Destruction patterns must deal with a general attack along the entire front of the Corps, as well as attacks divided into divisional and brigade sectors.

Additionally for certified

Although premature interruption of battery operation should be avoided, in times of extreme tension, engaging enemy batteries becomes secondary, and the full force of defensive artillery must be devoted to overwhelming enemy infantry. At the same time, it should always be possible to use immediately especially favorable or dangerous targets such as columns in motion in rear decks or prefabricated tanks or to provide support to adjacent sectors. It is also imperative that the destruction of the fire should be able to immediately switch to firing if the enemy infantry manages to leave their trenches.

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The above considerations very strongly illustrate the need for flexibility in artillery defense. This flexibility should ever be seen as a cardinal principle, since without it the ability of the artillery to fulfill its many obligations would also be desirable.

The firefire object primarily destroys the enemy during the actual delivery of his attack, and secondly, to prevent the advance of his supports and reserves, thus paralyzing the attack. The essence of effective firefighting is that it should be as close as possible, accurately positioned, and automatically available under all circumstances and at all times. The amount of field artillery allocated to a particular front during periods of normal trench warfare is such that the density of the barrage, which can be set aside to crush an attack on a large scale, will not be sufficient for the entire front.

Therefore, artillery defensive deviations should be aimed at denying the enemy an advance on the more important tactical characteristics of the defense, and not establishing a single and, therefore, relatively weak squall along the entire front. To protect the intermediate parts, the support lines should be placed on the machine gun and fire rocket.

It follows that the choice of which fronts to be covered with defensive fire rests mainly with the division commanders and that cooperation between divisional artillery and machine gun should be as close as possible. The appearance of artillery reinforcements will naturally increase the front, which can be quite serrated.

It should be clear that at a critical moment, when enemy infantry leaves their trenches to attack, every defense weapon must be dedicated to destroying them. The counter battery should now be discontinued. Artillery, infantry, machine guns and rocket mortars must combine with the subject of squeezing the advancing waves and destroy those who are waiting in the rear.

Give a definition of * -fire

Field jump. Basically, shooting from firearms must be placed as close to the front line of the defender as possible, but the safety of the front line garrisons must of course be guaranteed. If the opposing trenches are so far apart that the enemy's front trench does not lie within 100 percent of the barrier zone on its original delivery line, then the barrier should seek forward to the enemy's front line and then return to the original line.