Fire elevators: Appointment and rules of use
The emergence of fire in a modern building is a situation that requires firepad elevators to quickly move the brigade of rescuers and fire units on the floors, as well as the accelerated evacuation of people.
The fire elevator is called the device, with which the quick movement of the fire calculation is provided on the floors to rescue people and to detect or extinguish the fire focus.
The usual elevator in this situation can not be used because of its low lifting capacity, as well as small stability before the influence of fire and humidity. The carrying capacity of the modern firefighter elevator is 630 kg.
Installation in buildings
The elevator for moving fire units is equipped with the following types of buildings:
- any buildings with the exception of apartment buildings in height exceeding 28 meters;
- apartment modern houses having a height from 50 meters;
- children's educational institutions having a height from 5 meters;
- hospitals, height exceeding 5 meters;
- specialized centers for elderly people and disabled with a height of 5 meters;
- steel corps of various institutions for children whose height is more than 5 meters.
Installation of a fire elevator requires compulsory accounting of some nuances. Before it is installed, the ways of movement of rescue calculations arriving in case of an emergency in the case of fire are pre-studied. It provides their direct access from the elevator cabin to all possible points of the building.
The fire elevators of this type are most often installed in a specially dedicated lounge or are located near the cabins for the transport of passengers. At the same time, they are combined into a single-controlled group. In a quiet time, these elevators can be used to transport goods and passengers.
Devices are necessarily equipped with horizontally sliding doors having automatic control. The established elevator must be functioning regularly even when an excess pressure appears in the mine due to the mine. The floor of the elevator cabin has an anti-slip coating, and there is a evacuation exit to the staircase near the location of the fire elevator.
Features of structures
Elevators for moving the fire brigade by type of control differ from simple elevator cabins. The roof of the fire device is equipped with a hatch for the evacuation of people, and the elevator itself is controlled only with the help of pressure buttons, since the use of the touch-type buttons is not allowed. In case of fire, the doors of such an elevator are very slowly open after the served team located in the inside of the fire center. This is done to quickly appreciate the main situation on the floor and instant closure of the doors of the elevator cabin.
The fire elevator has a special advanced control system operating during fire. When fire appears, all cabins immediately descend to the first floor of the building and open before the appearance of firefighters.
With a fire-fighting system, they are blocked. Unlock requires the keychain used. Today, each modern elevator manufacturer uses its own key activating the mode of moving fire calculations. Therefore, special safes are equipped in the building, in which for rescue units are placed suitable keys to a certain model.
In accordance with the generally accepted requirements, the elevator for the movement of firefighters is equipped with strong fire-resistant doors, withsting the impact of the flame for at least an hour.
Application area
The elevator installed to move the fireplace calculation is set in the inside or outside the building. It is necessarily protected by a special design created from non-combustible materials, as well as equipped with door peters, various equipment and ventilation system.
Today, the installation of elevators from the street side of the building is most often refused, since the aesthetic component decreases and the installed device is often not suitable for the surrounding architecture, although this installation is more convenient for the actions of fire units during fire.
Rules of work and documentation
The work of modern firefighter elevators is governed by the following documents:
- GOST 52382-2010 "Elevators for moving passengers and elevators for the action of fire services";
- GOST 53296-2009 "Installation of modern firepressure elevators in buildings";
- GOST 22.9.11-2013 "Safety at the occurrence of fire. The use of rescue tools for the evacuation of people from modern buildings ";
- GOST 28911 "The design of modern elevators to move firefighters must fully comply with the established standards and rules";
- GOST 3047.1 "The fire elevator is necessarily equipped in a separately fenced mine, a fenced design with a high degree of fire resistance";
In accordance with the adopted standards for the manufacture of firepad elevators, non-combustible materials are applied. This equipment can withstand at least 1000 kg of weight and create at least 1100 mm wide, as well as 2100 mm depth for better placement of stretcher in the inside of the cab. A modern firefighter elevator is equipped with a backup power type and a padded cable that provides communication with a fire service. In the building of various heights, a modern firefighter elevator rises to the top floor for a minute.
Its cabin is equipped with a ceiling hatch for a quick evacuation of rescuers stuck in the mine, as well as a durable lady, allowing problems to quickly rise to the next floor. Also in the inside of the mine, the brackets are installed that the ladder is replaced. The elevator mine has a high level of fire resistance and at least two hours after the fire appears it allows the cabin safely to move. The cab doors are held in the open state by pressing a special button. After it is released, the door is immediately closed, which ensures the necessary safety when the cab is stopped on the flooding floor.
In the lobby, on the main floor, near the location of the entrance to the elevator cabin, a special niche or a metal wardrobe with a placed portable staircase is necessarily equipped. They are equipped with a metal door closed by a special key that allows you to transfer the elevator to the working mode to carry out the carriage of the fire calculation.
The mines of modern firefighters, located in the underground and basement room of the high-rise building, are necessarily equipped with modern ventilation systems, with the help of which smoke quickly spreading on the floors is eliminated.
In modern buildings, when the fire appears, the elevators for moving firefighters greatly facilitate their actions and help to quickly evacuate people. Mandatory equipping by such cabins of some high-rise structures is provided for by Russian legislation.
1, Average: 5.00
