School fire rules

An analysis of the situation with fires and their consequences in the city of Moscow shows that in 2014 there were 30 fires in educational buildings, 10 of them in schools. In the first quarter of 2015, there were already 6 fires in educational institutions of Moscow with significant material damage. The most common causes of fires in schools are violations of the rules for the construction and operation of electrical appliances and careless handling of fire; there are also cases of arson.

Therefore, it is important to know how to act in the event of a fire, the rules for evacuating the school building and the rules for behavior in case of smoke in the main escape routes.

Fire report

First of all, when a fire is discovered, it is necessary to inform the teaching staff, the security service, and any adult in the school. Call the fire brigade by landline number 101 or mobile phone number 112. Before calling, you need to calm down. You will definitely be answered and listened carefully.

Upon hearing the response of the dispatcher: “Fire brigade”, you must provide the following information:

• fire address, school number;
• the presence and nature of the danger to the life and health of people, especially schoolchildren;
• place of occurrence (on which floor the fire occurred, in which room, etc.);
• what is burning or the nature of the emergency, another incident;
• information about the fire that may affect the successful completion of the task of extinguishing it;
• give your last name, first name, patronymic (including your phone number).

Don't rush to turn off your phone. Be prepared to answer additional questions posed by the dispatcher on duty. The dispatcher ends the interview with the applicant with the phrase: “Fire trucks have left - meet!”, After which you can end the conversation. If possible, arrange a meeting of the fire departments and assist in choosing the shortest route to the entrance to the fire.

Evacuation announcement

No need to shout "Fire". There are cases when the cry "Fire" caused a panic with human casualties, although there was no threat to people's lives. There can be several ways to announce an evacuation: voice notification, alarming using manual or electric bells, when the building is equipped with a loud-speaker warning system by turning on the broadcast of a pre-prepared text throughout the building.

Carrying out evacuation

Each teacher and student must be prepared to act in an emergency situation. The first step is to evacuate people from the school.

The school administration develops an evacuation plan in advance in case of fire, studies it with the school staff and periodically works out actions with children. In the event of a fire in the school, it is necessary, at the command of the teacher, to line up in a column of two. Evacuation is carried out along predetermined paths under the guidance of class teachers or teachers conducting classes in the classroom. At the same time, the teacher needs to take a study journal with him to check the availability of students. Closing put the most physically prepared boys. Move quickly, but don't run. If smoke is found on the evacuation routes, it is necessary to cover the respiratory organs with a handkerchief and move bent over.

The main escape routes are stairwells and stationary fire escapes. Sometimes, to remove children from smoky premises to a safe place, non-smoky premises located in the opposite part of the building are used, with their subsequent withdrawal from the building. High school students can help teachers in the evacuation of elementary school children (help get dressed, take them to a warm room, etc.).

The collection of evacuated children is carried out in a predetermined place. This is usually the school yard. After leaving the school for fresh air, do not scatter. Line up in class. You will be checked against the logs and in the absence of any of the students, they will inform the fire department and organize a search. Schoolchildren are placed, especially in winter, in the nearest warm rooms, which must be provided in advance.

No way out

If the main escape routes are cut off by fire or smoke and you are on the upper floors of a school building, don't panic. Don't try to skip. Go to a classroom or any other room with windows where there is no smoke. Care must be taken to isolate the room in which you are from the penetration of smoke and fire into it. Close the door and caulk all cracks in the door and ventilation grille with rags. Rags should be dampened first. As a fabric, you can use curtains from windows, clothing details.

Do not open windows. This can increase draft and smoke inflow. If smoke enters the room, open a window and lie down on the floor. About 15 centimeters from the floor there is a space with clean air. It is better to breathe through a wet cloth or covering the respiratory organs with clothing.

The most important thing is not to panic. You will definitely be rescued. The time limit for the arrival of fire departments in Moscow is no more than 10 minutes. Upon arrival at the fire, firefighters first of all identify people cut off by fire and smoke and direct all forces and means to save them.

When firefighters arrive, you must open the window and call for help with your voice and waving your hands. From the burning and smoke-cut rooms, firefighters rescue students through the windows using manual fire escapes, rescue hoses, and rescue ropes. Pneumatic rescue devices and tension webs can be used.

Extinguishing a fire with improvised means

You can try to extinguish the fire yourself with the help of water supply from a fire hydrant or primary fire extinguishing equipment. Self-extinguishing a fire is justified only if it does not pose a threat to human life and health - the source of ignition (flame) is visible and it can be safely approached to the length of the fire extinguishing jet, that is, at the initial stage of combustion. Otherwise, it is necessary to take measures to isolate the burning room from the entry of fresh air into it (it is necessary to close all windows and doors), turn off the electricity and immediately leave the room. The reduction of oxygen in the air to 17% leads to the cessation of combustion.

Do not attempt to extinguish a fire in a smoky room, even if it is of low density. This can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning (carbon monoxide! The content of only 0.1-0.5% carbon monoxide in the air leads to loss of consciousness and instant death.

The text was prepared based on materials from open sources by life safety methodologists: Antonov N.V., Baklanov O.Yu., Bychkov V.A., Gerasimova S.I., Trukhov P.V.