Fire safety rules at the enterprise

In its quest to save on fire-fighting equipment or special electronic devices that control the concentration of smoke, heat and fire in a room, an enterprise risks not only production, the lives and health of its employees, but also environmental pollution. At the same time, the organization of fire safety is often one of the last places in importance for owners.

That is why the owners and managers of each enterprise need to take a responsible approach to fire safety issues, install the necessary equipment and conduct regular training for their staff.

Measures aimed at implementing fire prevention

Organization of fire safety at an enterprise includes:

Monitoring the correct operation of entrusted machines and machines, production vehicles and territories, as well as conducting regular instructions on fire safety.
Regulatory measures are aimed at prohibiting smoking in places not intended for this, as well as a ban on carrying out work involving open fire or the risk of sparks in rooms where flammable substances are stored.

Technical fire safety measures at an enterprise require compliance with all established norms and regulations at the building design stage, as well as professional, correct installation of electrical equipment, wiring, ventilation and water supply.
Operational measures include timely inspection and repair of equipment owned and disposed of by the enterprise.

Basic fire safety requirements for an enterprise

The company must meet the following requirements:

Identification of persons providing control and supervision over compliance with fire safety rules and establishment of their job responsibilities.
Introduction of fire safety regime.
Equipping the territory with fire-fighting devices, alarms, fire extinguishing facilities, fire extinguishers, water taps and fire hoses.
Organization and training of fire safety rules for company employees. Maintaining a log of trainings carried out. Notifying subordinates about the location of emergency exits, alarm switches and alarm buttons.
Approval of the procedure for notifying personnel in the event of an accident or fire, familiarizing employees with this system. Installation of fire safety signs, signs with emergency numbers and telephones for calling them on the territory of the enterprise and in the premises.

General rules

Management's responsibilities include organizing fire safety at the enterprise, placing and installing special fire extinguishing equipment.
At all production facilities, regardless of their field of activity, instructions and control are carried out on the safe storage, release and receipt of flammable materials.
The management of the enterprise must appoint persons responsible for organizing the training of newly hired employees in fire safety rules.
It is mandatory to carry out training and repeated periodic briefings with recording of their implementation in special log books, as well as verification of the acquired knowledge by a special commission and issuance of a certificate of compliance.
The enterprise must be equipped with fire alarms, fire extinguishing equipment, and emergency exits.
If flammable liquids leak, fill the spill area with sand and then remove it to a safe place. The spill area is neutralized with compounds specifically designed for each specific substance.
Fire safety precautions at an enterprise involve cleaning office and production premises at least once per work shift. The use of flammable or flammable liquids is prohibited.
Walkways, flights of stairs, service rooms, emergency exits should not be blocked by any objects or vehicles.
It is strictly forbidden to use the space under stairwells to organize storage rooms and warehouses.
Employees belonging to the administrative part must also strictly observe fire safety at the enterprise. Documents and papers must be stored away from possible sources of ignition.
Channels and trays of production premises must be separated by fire-resistant plates, which can be easily removed if necessary.
It is prohibited to use open flame sources for heating or lighting premises on the territory of enterprises.
Smoking on the territory of the enterprise is strictly prohibited, with the exception of specially equipped areas or areas marked with appropriate signs.
Entrances to hydrants and fire equipment panels must always be clear. It is prohibited to pile objects and materials in front of them or block approaches with equipment.

Rules for working with equipment

When working with equipment it is prohibited:

produce heating using open fire sources;
commission faulty equipment;
repair or maintain equipment connected to the power supply network;
clean equipment or its parts with flammable and flammable liquids;
Work in explosive industries is carried out only with tools that prevent sparking.

Fire safety rules for employees

Employees who have not undergone fire safety training and entered data into a special log book against signature cannot be allowed to work.
Fire safety at the enterprise prohibits employees whose work involves fire risks from being in the workplace without special clothing made of non-flammable material.
The enterprise is obliged to issue employees whose work involves risks of fire or the use of flammable materials, protective clothing that is protected from melting and fire, and also meets fire safety requirements.
It is prohibited to wash workwear with flammable or flammable products.
The work suit should be stored in individual closets.
Oily rags used in work should be stored in a tightly closed metal container.
At the end of the work shift, containers with oily rags must be emptied and the contents removed to safe places specially designated for this.
Do not touch or wash your hands with solvents.
Employees are strictly prohibited from engaging in work for which they do not have access or special training and safety instructions.

Fire safety rules in emergency situations

All premises, regardless of their purpose, must be equipped with fire extinguishing means.
The use of fire extinguishing equipment for purposes other than its intended purpose is strictly prohibited.
When transferring a shift, the maintenance personnel of the enterprise are required to make notes in the logbook about the presence and integrity of fire extinguishing equipment.
Each employee must report equipment breakdowns, sparks or fires to their immediate supervisor.
The employee must know and remember telephone numbers and other methods of communication with emergency services and be able to use them.
Employees must know the purpose of different types of fire extinguishing agents and be able to use them.
Before the arrival of emergency services, workers are required to take measures to eliminate the accident or fire, as well as provide assistance to the victims.
If a fire or accident occurs, the employee must leave the building through emergency exits. Directional signs should be placed in aisles and above doorways.

Risks arising from non-compliance with fire safety

Industrial facilities are very vulnerable to the possibility of fire, since both small and large facilities are equipped with a large number of high-power electrical appliances and use liquid and solid flammable substances in their work. According to statistics, there are several most common causes of industrial fires:

Violation of instructions for use and operation of equipment – 33%.
Untimely repair of electrical equipment – 16%.
Improperly organized workplace, poor staff training – 13%.
Spontaneous combustion of flammable substances and oily rags – 10%.

The source of ignition can be an open flame, hot parts of electrical equipment, sparks and static electricity. Careless handling of open fire, smoking in undesignated places, ignorance of basic fire safety rules, lack of control by management - all this entails fire and, as a consequence, fires in production facilities.

Competent fire safety at the enterprise, instructions that clearly define its implementation for each employee, will protect the team and the entire production as a whole.

Fire Safety Checks

Every company is periodically inspected to ensure compliance with fire safety regulations. There are several types of inspections that are carried out by emergency services and fire inspectors. The study of an enterprise for fire safety includes many points that take into account both the organization of fire extinguishing and the verification of ongoing documentation, the presence and condition of fire equipment and emergency exits, as well as the correctness of the category calculations made.

Even during construction planning, the category of the building is calculated, all communications and equipment are laid out to comply with fire safety. Fire safety equipment depends on which category the building in use belongs to. An extraordinary inspection must be carried out in production workshops, and, if necessary, assistance must be provided with the fire safety system of the occupied premises. At the same time, you should not expect penalties, troubles with services and the law.

Types of Legal Fire Safety Inspections

Fire safety inspections at an enterprise can be scheduled, documentary, on-site, repeated or unscheduled.

Scheduled inspections are carried out once every three years. They include an inspection of all fire safety facilities and the territory of the enterprise, as well as the study of a package of documents.

Documentary inspection is similar to planned inspection. Before it starts, an official warning comes - no later than three days before the scheduled inspection. During such an inspection, it is not so much fire safety at the enterprise that is subject to control, but a package of documents related to it.

On-site inspections are usually ordered in response to a complaint or suspected violations or fire safety issues. The company will be notified in advance of such inspections. They can last up to 20 calendar days, during which a thorough investigation will be carried out, all aspects of fire safety will be studied, as well as tests and examinations will be carried out.

Unscheduled inspections can be carried out with notification to the enterprise one day before the start or upon the arrival of the inspector. Such measures can be justified by the receipt of a complaint, and also be carried out as control over compliance with the fire safety rules of the enterprise.

Repeated inspections are carried out subject to the detection of violations during previous inspections. As a rule, they are carried out after the expiration of the period allocated for correcting errors.

Fire safety at the enterprise. Documentation

Documentation that must be present and stored at the enterprise:

Orders on the appointment of persons responsible for fire safety.
Order on the procedure for conducting special briefings and monitoring the knowledge of employees.
Programs for introductory and primary fire safety briefings.
A checklist of questions used to test employee knowledge.
Logbook for registering fire safety briefings for enterprise employees.
Expert opinion on the correctness and completeness of fire safety. Availability of design estimates for construction, reconstruction, technical equipment.
Permission to carry out the activities of the enterprise, lease of all premises, buildings and structures, as well as commissioning of electrical equipment.
Certificate of conformity for all types of fire fighting equipment and equipment.
List of job responsibilities assigned to those responsible for fire safety.
Directives, orders, instructions on establishing a fire safety regime at the enterprise.
Plans and diagrams of emergency exits, duplicates of which should be located in production premises.
Fire safety rules at the enterprise, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation.
Instructions for employees of the enterprise and security service on fire safety.
Rules for the operation of equipment and production facilities taking into account fire safety.
Work orders and special permits for hot work.
Schedules and reports of repair and maintenance work performed.

Regardless of what form of ownership the enterprise belongs to, as well as what kind of work it is engaged in, all employees, in accordance with the order of the management, undergo initial and repeated training and instructions on fire safety at work. Violation of these rules entails liability for both the employee and the manager. Only if all established standards are observed can fire safety in an enterprise be guaranteed.