Rules for your conduct in the event of a fire

Having met the fiery element for the first time, it is difficult to immediately assess the level of threat. To clearly understand how to behave in a fire, you need to know the signs of its occurrence.

Signs of occurrence

A distinctive rubber odor, thick smoke, and power outages are usually signs that a fire is starting due to overloading the electrical wiring. The insulation then ignites or smolders along with nearby things.

The most dangerous is the occurrence of a fire as a result of a gas explosion or the ignition of flammable liquids, as it quickly covers a large area. Open windows, doors, and working ventilation also contribute to the spread of the flame. A so-called silent fire due to an unextinguished cigarette in bed or a smoldering cigarette butt in a plastic bin at night, or not following others can take many lives.

In most cases, a fire starts with heating, smoldering and the appearance of a small flame. In such a situation, the rules of conduct in the event of a fire will help to cope with the fire on your own with the help of available fire extinguishing means.

The first steps

Actions in the event of a fire largely depend on the place where the fire is detected (apartment, warehouse, garage) and the factors affecting the spread of fire. In any case, in order not to get lost in a critical situation, you need to clearly understand the algorithm of actions in case of fire.

It would seem that everyone knows what to do in case of fire - call the fire department by phone "101" (or by a single number "112"). This action is obvious, but in reality people often ignore this first point of the fire safety plan. Of course, if the area covered by the fire is very small, and you can literally extinguish it with a glass of water, you do not need to resort to the help of firefighters. But if the flame has taken over a vast territory, the rules of safe behavior oblige you to trust professionals in case of fire.

After assessing the degree of danger to yourself and your neighbors, after calling the rescuers, you need to quickly leave the premises and warn others about the incident.

It is important not only to follow the rules of safe behavior, but also to have the correct psychological attitude. Exposure will help to objectively assess the situation and act adequately to the conditions, also calming people nearby. It is much easier to stay calm when you clearly know how to act in the event of a fire.

General plan of action

The general rules of conduct in case of fire are spelled out in the fire safety instructions and the evacuation plan. They are applicable in the event of an emergency, both in a personal apartment and in a production area.

• Call firefighters by phone "01", "101" or "112". Information about the address, characteristics of the place of fire, burning object (object), other clarifying information, as well as the name and surname of the caller, telephone number.
• With a small fire try to extinguish fire with water, sand, thick cloth or special fire extinguishing means. Do not extinguish electrical appliances with water.
• Warn about fire the rest of the people, avoiding panic.
• If there is a significant spread of flame, immediately leave the premises... The elevators are prohibited.
• Smoke on escape routes breathe through a damp cloth, move around, bending down to the floor. Remember that smoke is very toxic!
• If it is impossible to leave the room, stay in the room by closing the windows and doors, attract the attention of eyewitnesses through the glass.
• Meet the firefighters, show the car a convenient route to the fire.

Thinking over how to act in case of a fire in case of its own extinguishing, one should not underestimate the threat of even a minor fire. Under the right conditions, fire can spread very quickly, and thick smoke can penetrate wet tissue, rendering unconscious in a few breaths.

Considering these factors, it is necessary to provide in the plan of extinguishing a fire and smoke free path to the exit. Accurate implementation of this plan will allow avoiding mistakes that can lead to tragic consequences.

Helping firefighters to evacuate people

Evacuation usually begins before the fire department arrives at the scene. The head of the company and security personnel are responsible for following the instructions on what to do in the event of a fire in a production building. According to the order, the leading official reports to the arriving firefighters on the measures taken and the number of people taken out of the building. The guard post, acting in accordance with, opens the doors of emergency exits and directs people to them. Staff can also assist firefighters by staying calm by obeying management instructions and following an evacuation plan.

If a fire has occurred in an apartment, it is necessary to notify the neighbors of the incident, help children, the elderly, and the disabled to leave the premises. In a critical situation, people are susceptible to suggestion, therefore, when explaining what to do in a fire, it is necessary to accompany your actions with a calm, confident voice.

In one of the Russian cities, a taxi driver, hearing cries for help from a burning private house, helped a woman and her child to get out. Although the fire did not allow him to enter through the door, he did not lose his head and, using a ladder, got to the second floor, where the victims were.

First aid

Most likely, the victims will have to provide random people. If among them there are those who are not indifferent to what is happening and who know the elementary foundations of medicine, then the subsequent recovery of the victims will be faster. The damaging factors of fire usually cause poisoning with toxic smoke, burns, and dislocations and fractures in the event of collapse of buildings. Therefore, you should remember some useful actions.

According to the instructions, in case of injury by toxic gases and smoke, the victim is taken out into the clean air, laid with raised legs, freed from clothes, and made sure that the respiratory tract is patented. When vomiting, you must turn your head to one side to prevent suffocation. If spontaneous breathing is absent, artificial lung ventilation is performed.

In case of burns, it is necessary to free the affected part of the body from clothing, excluding the burn itself... Then they cover it with a sterile bandage, disinfect the adjacent tissues, and cover it with bags or bottles with ice or cold water. In case of dislocation or fracture, it is important to limit the mobility of the limb. Bleeding can be stopped with a tourniquet, rubbing alcohol and applying a sterile dressing.