Emergencies in the boiler room on gas. Gas boiler accidents
An accident is a violation of the normal operation of boilers and other boiler equipment, including auxiliary ones. In the long term, the accident leads to a long downtime of devices, limits the flow of heat and hot water in subordinate facilities, in the most difficult situations it causes injuries to people and destruction of buildings. The accidents of gas boilers are of a serious nature, since such boilers fall under the category dangerous objects and can cause a real disaster.
There are several types of accidents according to the reasons for their occurrence:
- due to the fault of the service personnel;
- through the fault of manufacturers;
- due to the fault of the installation team;
- for other reasons.
At the same time, malfunctions caused by operational violations are called " regime", and accidents due to material defects, illiterate installation, factory defects -" constructive". For example, one of the most common causes of accidents in boiler rooms with cast iron boilers- the presence of cracks in them: they can either form due to improper operation and cause operational problems, or be delivered from the factory in poor quality, and then the accident that occurred for this reason will be constructive.
How to behave in case of a gas boiler accident?
The most common causes of accidents in gas boilers are violations in the operation of burners, gas supply systems, damage to boiler and screen pipes, lining of gas ducts and the combustion chamber.
When emergency the boiler unit immediately stops, and information about the emergency is transmitted to the responsible person - the head of the boiler room or his deputy. It is especially important to do everything right in a situation where the boiler is significantly damaged physically, cracks have formed on the lining, a fire has started or an explosion has occurred, abnormal noise comes from the boiler, the safety shut-off valve has worked.
In order to act smoothly and quickly during a gas boiler accident, the responsible persons must draw up before operation localization and liquidation plan possible accidents in the boiler room, which describes in detail the nature of the problem, the actions of the operator and the responsible person, as well as the possible consequences of the problem. The document is signed by the employee responsible for the gas industry. In the event of an emergency, everyone undertakes to act in strict accordance with the information from the plan.
An example of a paragraph from such a plan:
"The flow of carbon monoxide into the premises where employees are located"
- Possible consequences: carbon monoxide poisoning of employees; explosion.
- Operator actions: stop the gas supply to the damaged boiler; close the shut-off and control devices of the boiler, open the taps on the blow-out candles and safety candles; close gas valves; intensively ventilate the room; provide medical assistance to the injured, in which case - call ambulance; notify responsible person.
- Actions of the responsible: identify and eliminate the causes of carbon monoxide ingress into the room; carry out commissioning work in the boiler room of the repaired boiler and record the incident in the log.
A boiler is a device that uses the heat released during the combustion of fossil fuels and the heat of exhaust gases to produce steam or heat water.
The boiler plant consists of the boiler itself and auxiliary equipment. The purpose of the boiler plant is to produce hot water or steam.
Working with such equipment is quite serious. Emergence of emergencies is not excluded. The actions of the boiler room operator must be extremely accurate and thoughtful; for preparation, it is effective to use a computer operational personnel simulator.
So, if there was a decrease in the water level in the drum below the permissible level, the boiler can be fed. Otherwise, the boiler must be switched off immediately. If the safety automatic does not work, the operator carries out an emergency stop of the boiler.
If a water leak is detected, it is necessary to identify the cause and take the following measures:
- cut off fuel supply
- stop the ventilation of the furnace by stopping the smoke exhauster and the fan
- stop purge
- turn off the power to the boiler
- close the steam shut-off valve of the boiler.
Boiling water is an emergency situation. In this case, the operator must:
- cut off fuel supply
- turn off the power to the boiler
- stop smoke exhauster and fan
- blow out the water-indicating columns and determine the water level.
If the water level of the steam boiler rises above the permissible level, the water can be drained through the purge valves, otherwise the boiler must be completely stopped.
If the boiler has been overfilled and the water level has risen to the protection setting, the operator must turn off the automatic power supply and remotely reduce the water flow until the average level is restored. After that, check the correctness of the readings of the water-indicating instruments and verify the readings of the water-indicating columns and the reduced level indicator.
If the level continues to rise, then the operator should reduce the boiler supply, close the shut-off valves on the supply line. Then carefully open the purge line of the drum. If even after purging the level starts to rise again, then it is necessary:
- cut off fuel supply
- disconnect the boiler from the steam line
- close the main steam stop valve
- ventilate the furnace for 10 minutes
- stop fan and exhauster
- drain the water to the middle level by opening stop valves on the intermittent blowdown line.
When working on the simulator, all actions of the boiler operator are recorded in a log and can be replayed and checked against the contingency plan. The work of each operator in an emergency thus receives an objective assessment, and the management of the unit sees the general level of personnel preparedness for emergencies.
AGREED: I APPROVE:
Head of Atyashevsky Director of PSSH No. 1
_______________ yov
Deputy Chief
PCh No. 9 FGKU "1 detachment
Federal Border Guard Service of Russia for the Republic of Moldova "
Chief Physician of MUZ
"Atyashevskaya CRH"
PLAN
localization and elimination of possible accidents in the boiler room of the MBOU "Poselkovskaya secondary school No. 1" in the village of Atyashevo, Atyashevsky municipal
The nature of the accident
I. Complete separation of the burner flame.
Possible consequences:
1. The appearance of unburned gas in the boiler furnace, gas ducts.
2. Explosion of the gas-air mixture in the furnace or boiler flues.
Operator actions
1. Press the "STOP" button on the automation units of 4 operating boilers.
2. Close working No. 1 control gas valve No. 2,3,4, 5.6 open valve No. 7.
3. Ventilate boiler furnaces, flues.
4. Record the time of the boiler stop in the operational log.
5. Call the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation boilers (hereinafter referred to as the responsible person).
Actions of the responsible person
1. Determine and eliminate the cause of the complete separation of the flame from the burner, start the gas in accordance with the operating instructions, ignite the burners in accordance with the “Operation Rules” (together with the operator) and make an entry in the operational log “On starting the boilers”.
2. If the responsible person cannot establish and eliminate the cause of the flame breaking off from the burner, he must call the representatives of the Atyashevsky gas section on, or 04. After finding out and eliminating the cause of the flame breaking off from the burner (burners), the gas is started and the burners of the boiler (boilers) are ignited according to the "Operation Rules" and an entry is made in the master's journal. In the event of an explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace, before the arrival of the employees of the Atyashevsky gas section, the responsible person must:
Keep the situation and equipment (boilers, burners, gas pipelines) in the condition that turned out to be after the accident, if such a condition of the equipment does not threaten the lives of people around, until the arrival of the commission and representatives of the Volga-Oka Administration federal service on environmental, technological and nuclear supervision in the Republic of Moldova;
Organize duty at the entrance to the boiler room, prevent unauthorized persons from entering the boiler room;
Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after the commission investigates the circumstances of the accident.
Attention: The start-up of the jacket after the accident and the ignition of the boiler burners can only be carried out after the repair work is completed, the relevant technical documentation is provided to the employees of the Atyashevsky gas section, and the permission of the commission investigating the cause of the accident.
II. Violation of the integrity of the gas pipeline and other non-densities in the gas pipeline after the inlet gas valve.
Possible consequences
1. Gas leakage and air pollution in the boiler room. Formation of explosive concentrations of gas-air mixture.
3. Ignition of the gas-air mixture and the occurrence of a fire.
4. Explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler room.
Operator actions
2. Close the gas valve No. 1, control No. 2,3,4, 5.6, shut-off devices of the boilers.
5. Close the access of the gas-air mixture from the boiler room to the furnaces and gas ducts in order to prevent the explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnaces and gas ducts.
6. Call the responsible person, inform the principal of the school or call the representatives of the Atyashevsky gas section by phone -16-94 or 04.
7. Keep unauthorized persons out of the boiler room. In case of ignition of the gas-air mixture, call the fire brigade at tel. or 1-11-43.
9. Record the boiler shutdown time in the operational log.
10. If the attendants feel unwell, then it is necessary to call an ambulance by tel. or 2-14-34.
2. In the event of an explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace, inform the representatives of the Volga-Oka Department of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the Republic of Moldova. Call the principal of the school to participate in the commission to investigate the accident.
4. Keep unauthorized persons out of the boiler room.
5. Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after the commission investigates the circumstances of the accident
III. Violation of the integrity of the gas pipeline and other leaks in the gas pipeline after the inlet gas valve in the boiler room.
Possible consequences.
1. Gas leakage and gas contamination of the room and boiler room.
2. Suffocation of attendants.
3. Formation of explosive concentrations of gas-air mixture.
4. Ignition of the gas-air mixture, the occurrence of a fire.
5. Explosion of the gas-air mixture into the boiler room.
Operator action.
1. Shut off the gas supply to the boilers using the valve of the gas control device.
2. Close the gas valve No. 1, control No. 2,3,4,5,6, shut-off devices of the boilers.
3. Open valve No. 7 of the purge plug.
4. Intensively ventilate the room (open windows, doors).
5. Close the access of the gas-air mixture from the boiler room to the furnaces and gas ducts in order to prevent the explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnaces and gas ducts. Release scrapers on gas ducts.
6. Call the person in charge, inform the principal of the school.
and call representatives of the Atyashevsky gas section by phone-16-94 or 04.
7. Keep unauthorized persons out of the boiler room.
8. Do not allow the use of fire.
9. If the gas-air mixture ignites, call the fire brigade at tel. or 2-11-43. Take fire extinguishing measures.
10. Record the boiler shutdown time in the operational log.
11. If the attendants feel unwell, then it is necessary to call an ambulance by tel. or 2-14-34.
12. If an explosion of the gas-air mixture occurs in the boiler furnace, the operator must completely disconnect the boiler from the gas supply in accordance with the rules for emergency shutdown of the boiler, call the responsible person.
Attention: The start-up of the boiler house after an accident and the ignition of the boilers can only be carried out after the completion of work, submission of the relevant technical documents employees of the Atyashevsky gas section with the permission of the commission that investigated the accident
Responsible action.
Prior to the arrival of employees of the Atyashevsky gas section, the responsible person must:
1. Ensure the safety of maintenance personnel, the building and equipment of the boiler room, if necessary, provide first aid to the injured and call an ambulance by phone. or 2-14-34.
2. Organize duty at the entrance to the boiler room of unauthorized persons.
3. Notify the representatives of the Volga-Oka Department of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the Republic of Moldova and call the principal of the school to participate in the commission to investigate the causes of the accident.
5. Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after the commission investigates the circumstances of the accident.
Attention: Start-up of the boiler house after the accident and ignition of the boiler burners can only be carried out after completion of work, submission of the relevant technical documents to the employees of the Atyashevsky gas section with the permission of the commission that investigated the accident.
IV. Fire in the boiler room or fire near the boiler room.
Possible consequences
1.Possible burns of service personnel.
Operator action
1. Stop the gas supply to the boilers using the gas control device valve.
2. Close the gas valve No. 1, control No. 2,3,4, 5, 6, shut-off devices of the boilers.
3. open valve No. 7 of the purge plug.
4. Call the fire brigade by phone 01 or 2-11-43, call the person in charge, inform the principal of the school.
5. Start extinguishing the fire with the available fire protection equipment.
Actions of the responsible person
1. Take part in extinguishing the fire.
2. Render first aid to service personnel, if necessary, call an ambulance by calling 03.
3. After eliminating the consequences of the fire, call representatives of the Atyashevsky gas section to start and ignite the boilers.
V. Lack of draft (blockage of gas ducts, destruction of the chimney)
Possible consequences.
1. Burn service personnel when choosing a flame.
2. Poisoning of service personnel.
3.Explosion in the boiler furnace, chimneys of boiler units.
Operator action
1. If there is no draft in the boilers, press the "STOP" button of the automation, stop the gas supply to the boilers using the valve of the gas control device.
3. Close the valves along the gas flow to the boilers - No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, open the valve No. 7 of the purge candle.
6. Intensively ventilate the boiler room by opening windows and doors.
Actions of the responsible person.
1. Identify the cause of the lack of traction.
2. Call the VDPO representatives, clean and, if necessary, repair the boiler flues.
3.VDPO representative after repair work draws up an act on the serviceability of the gas ducts, after which the boilers are started up in the presence of a representative of the Atyashevsky gas section.
Chimney malfunction
Operator action
1. Shut off the supply to the boilers using the valve of the gas control device.
2. Turn off (close) the gas valve No. 1.
3. Close gas valves - No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
4. Record the boiler shutdown time in the operational log.
5. Call the person in charge, inform the principal of the school.
Action of the responsible person
1. Eliminate faults and fire up the boiler together with the operator.
2. Record the start time of the boiler in the log.
YI .Stopping the gas supply to the burners (the brushes of the gate valve have sunk).
Possible consequences.
Sudden extinction of the burner flame
Operator actions
1. Shut off the gas supply to the boilers using the valve of the gas content control device, close the valves No. 1, and control valves No. 2,3,4,5,6. Open tap #7 of the purge plug.
2. Call the person in charge, call the duty brigade of the Atyashevsky gas section by phone 04 or 2-16-94.
3. Record the time of the boiler stop in the operational log.
Actions of the responsible person
1. Install and organize work to eliminate the sudden extinction of the burner flame. Start the gas in accordance with the operating instructions, ignite the boiler in accordance with the Operating Rules (together with the operator). Make an entry in the operational log to report to the principal of the school.
2. If the responsible person cannot establish, and the on-duty team of the Atyashsky gas section eliminate the cause of the accident, then call representatives of the Mordovgaz association. After clarification and elimination of the cause of the extinction of the torch of the burners, the gas is started and the boiler is ignited in accordance with the Operating Rules and an entry is made in the operational log.
VII. Explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace, in the flue.
Possible consequences
1. Destruction of the integrity of the boiler.
2. Gas pipeline explosion.
3. Ignition of the gas-air mixture in the boiler room.
4. Explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler room.
5. Injury to service personnel.
Operator action
1. Shut off the gas supply to the boilers using the valve of the gas control device.
2. Turn off (close) the gas valve No. 1.
Open tap #7 of the purge plug.
4. Call the person in charge, call the duty brigade of the Atyashevsky gas section by phone 04 or 2-14-94, inform the principal of the school.
Action of the responsible person
1. Ensure the safety of the service personnel, if necessary, provide first aid to the injured and call an ambulance by calling 03.
2. Inform representatives of the Volga-Oka Department of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the Republic of Moldova, call a person who will take part in the commission to investigate the causes of the accident.
4. Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after investigating the cause of the accident.
5. In case of fire, call the fire brigade by phone 01, extinguish the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.
Attention:
VIII. Leak in boiler sections .
Possible consequences
1. Possible steam generation in boiler furnaces.
2. Burner damping.
3.Explosion in the boiler furnace.
Operator actions
1. The operator is obliged to immediately stop the gas supply to the boiler burners.
2. Turn off the boiler, for which close the valves at the water inlet to the boiler.
3. Record the boiler shutdown time in the operational log.
4. Call the person in charge.
Actions of the responsible person
1. Call a team of mechanics from the Atyashevsky gas section to disconnect the boiler from the gas pipeline by calling 04.
2. After performing repairs and submitting an act of the technical condition of the gas ducts signed by a representative of the VDPO, call the team of the Atyashevsky gas section to start gas to the boiler.
Note: If an explosion of the gas-air mixture occurs in the boiler furnace or in the hog, the operator must completely turn off the gas supply to the boiler room, call the responsible person, inform the Atyashsky gas station and the principal of the school.
Prior to the arrival of employees of the Atyashevsky gas section, the responsible person must:
1. Ensure the safety of the operating personnel, the building and equipment of the boiler room, if necessary, provide up to medical assistance injured and call an ambulance by calling 03.
2. Inform representatives of the Volzhsko-Oka Department of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the Republic of Moldova, call a person who will take part in the commission to investigate the causes of the accident.
4. Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after investigating the cause of the accident.
Attention: Start-up of the boiler house after an accident and ignition of the boiler burners can only be carried out after the completion of repair work, the submission of relevant technical documentation to the employees of the gas section, and the permission of the commission that conducted the investigation.
IX. Destruction of building structures
Possible consequences
1. Destruction of the boiler, gas ducts.
2. Destruction of the integrity of the boiler.
3. Suffocation of service personnel.
4.Possible injury to service personnel.
5.Explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler room.
6. Fire in the boiler room.
Operator actions
1. Disconnect the boiler house from the gas supply by CLOSING THE VALVE No. 1.
2. Call the person in charge, call the duty brigade of the Atyashevsky gas section by phone 04 or 2-16-94, the principal of the school. In the event of a fire, call the fire brigade at 2-01.
Actions of the responsible person
1. If necessary, provide first aid, call an ambulance by phone 2-03.
2. Call representatives of the Volga-Oka Department of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the Republic of Moldova and the chief physician to participate in the work of the accident investigation commission.
3. Organize duty at the entrance to the building, prevent unauthorized persons from entering the boiler room.
5. Organize work to eliminate the consequences of the accident after investigating the cause of the accident.
Attention: Start-up of the boiler house after an accident and ignition of the boiler burners can only be carried out after the completion of repair work, submission of the relevant technical documentation to the employees of the gas section, permission of the commission that conducted the investigation.
X. Lack of pressure in the main water supply.
Possible consequences
1. Leakage of water.
2. Vaporization of water in hot water boilers.
3. Failure of boilers, pipelines.
Operator actions
1.Switch the operation of the boiler room to non-reserve water supply.
2. Inform the principal of the school about the lack of pressure in the water supply.
3. Call the person in charge.
4. Report the lack of pressure in the water supply to the head of the Atyashevsky RPUZHKH by phone 2-24-76.
If there is no reserve supply of water in the boiler room
1. Stop the gas supply in the boiler room.
2. Close the gas valve No. 1.
3. Close gas valves No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .
5. Close the valves at the inlet and outlet cold water, close the valves on the make-up line in order to prevent network water from entering the water supply system.
6. Notify the principal of the school, call the responsible person.
7. The time of stopping the boiler house should be recorded in the operational log.
Actions of the responsible person
1. Identify the reason for the lack of water pressure in the water supply.
2. Organize the supply of water to the existing tank and feed the heating networks through it.
3. After raising the pressure in the network, start the gas and ignite the burners of the boilers in accordance with the "Operation Rules" (together with the operator) and make a note in the log about starting and ignition.
XI. Lack of electricity
Operator actions
1. Stop the gas supply to the boiler room.
2. Close the gas valve No. 1.
3. Close gas valves No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .
4. Open valve No. 7 of the purge plug.
5. The time of stopping the boiler house should be recorded in the operational log.
6. Call a responsible person, an electrician to inform the principal of the school.
7. Increase the air supply to the boiler and increase the vacuum in the furnace to open the gate and air dampers.
8. Monitor the water pressure and temperature using the boiler pressure gauge and thermometer.
Vaporization occurs at the following values:
Boiler pressure (kg/cm2) Saturation temperature (C)
Actions of the responsible person
1.Together with an electrician, find out the reason for the lack of electricity.
2. When voltage is applied to the boiler room and steam formation in the boilers continues, turn on the make-up pump with the valve on the discharge line closed and slowly open it, avoiding water hammer.
3. After the steam generation in the boiler has stopped, turn on the circulation pumps.
4. Start the gas and ignite the boiler burners in accordance with the "Operation Rules" together with the operator and make a note in the log about the start of gas and ignition of the boiler.
XII. The flow of carbon monoxide into the boiler room
Possible consequences
1. Poor health of the attendants.
2. Carbon monoxide explosion.
Actions of service personnel
1. Stop the gas supply.
2. Close gas valve No. 1.
3. Close gas valves No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
4. Open the valve of the purge plug No. 7.
5. Intensively ventilate the boiler room, open windows and doors.
6. To provide medical assistance, go outside or adjacent room to ventilate. Smell ammonia and rub their temples. Drink strong tea or coffee. If the condition does not improve, then call an ambulance by calling 03.
7. Call the person in charge.
Action of the responsible person
1. After finding out the reasons for the ingress of carbon monoxide into the boiler room, eliminate the malfunctions.
2. After troubleshooting, start the gas and ignite the burner of the boilers in accordance with the "Operation Rules" and make an entry in the operational log.
Developed by: Director of MBOU Poselkovskaya secondary school№1»»
