Tactical features of extinguishing fires

The work of fire departments must be well-coordinated and effective. For this, an analysis of actions in solving a combat mission, organizational work is carried out, and special calculations are made. Conclusions allow to improve skills and methods of work in order to reduce the time, physical and material costs of completing the assigned tasks. Such data is needed for fire tactics.

Basic concepts and tasks

The tactics of extinguishing fires and, accordingly, depend on the situation at the fire. When using the tool, the area, the rate of development of fires, the degree of smoke and temperature of the fire, the likelihood of a threat to human life are taken into account. The situation at the fire also depends on the location of electrical equipment at the facility, the proximity of water sources, the material and technical equipment of the units and the psychological state of the fighters.

Fire tactics solve several problems. It helps to identify the processes on a specific fire and establish connections between them. The second task is to study the actions of the fire brigade and improve the techniques and methods for all necessary work, including emergency rescue. In addition, fire tactics also affect the area of ​​organizational measures, the psychological state of the fighters.

Subdivisions capabilities

An important role in the elimination is played by the equipment of the fire department and the tactical and technical characteristics of weapons. Therefore, they are carried out to perform a combat mission.

Find out data on the spread of fire, the presence, intensity of supply and consumption of fire extinguishing substances. Their consumption is determined by special formulas based on. For example, the geometric shape of the area of ​​fires. For each of the types of fire extinguishing agents, separate calculation formulas are derived.

Also, after that, the location of the combat equipment and the number of barrels are determined. They create schemes for their deployment and operating time, provided they are connected to various sources.

The tactical capabilities of the fire department determine the maximum possible amount of work when performing a combat mission for a specific period of time. The most important factor is the interaction between all links and management. A clear structure and strong relationships are essential for building fire tactics correctly. Therefore, the organization of actions in the unit, the guard is similar to the military, where there are orders and a rigid hierarchy.

The second parameter on which these capabilities depend is the equipment with weapons and the characteristics of the fire truck. The number of firefighters for solving one combat mission is also included in this list, as is their tactical training. It is closed by the features of the object, which affect the extinguishing of fires, the elimination of smoke and the rescue of people.

Stages of work when performing a combat mission

General actions when extinguishing a fire are reduced to several stages:

1. receiving messages;
2. departure;
3. saving people, material values;
4. deployment of forces and assets;
5. elimination of combustion;
6. special work;
7. collection of forces and funds, return.

At the stage of reconnaissance, the operational and tactical characteristics of the fire are determined. They help to correctly place equipment, predict the development of a fire, determine paths for the movement of combat personnel, find out the location and number of people.

The dispatcher receives messages about the fire, enters the data into the relevant documents and transfers the information further. The speed of processing directly affects the tactical capabilities of the fire department.

Rescue operations are carried out in the event of a probable threat to life, health and other dangerous fire factors. For this, special equipment for high-altitude work, personal protective equipment is used. Work is carried out in the specified cases.

Deployment of forces and means - preparation, installation and connection of fire-fighting equipment to water sources. The final stage is the supply of the fire extinguishing agent to the main pipelines.

Elimination of combustion - work to eliminate a fire and its consequences (smoke, increase in ambient temperature). This stage also includes actions to prevent re-ignition, smoldering, explosions. When the fire is extinguished, they continue to conduct reconnaissance, rescue operations, if necessary.

Special work - lifting or lowering from a height, providing first aid to victims, lighting work, setting up equipment, organizing communications, and the like.

Gathering and returning to the place of permanent residence - checking personnel, military weapons and working with hydrants, hatches and stationary fire hydrants. Before leaving the place of extinguishing, the tank trucks are filled with water. During the return, firefighters should be in touch with the dispatcher on duty.

Extinguishing rules

The peculiarities of various objects lead to additional actions of firefighters when solving a combat mission. In the normative documentation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, special cases and increased danger for people and firefighters are highlighted.

They describe the actions of firefighters, taking into account the important characteristics of various objects. For example, if there is a shortage of water, it is necessary to use other available fire extinguishing agents, and if there is a high probability of an explosion, establish the shape and type of a special signal to alert people and fighters about the danger.

The procedure for extinguishing fires by fire departments provides for the responsibility of officials and describes the hierarchy in departments at all stages of work on a fire. In general, actions are described to determine the main direction, the distribution of forces relative to it.

Object diagrams and cards

Documentation is a useful tool for firefighters. Cards, diagrams contain a description of actions and important data for building the correct operation of fire departments.

Fire extinguishing schemes are made for certain objects.

These include enterprises of the oil and gas processing and mining complex, chemical, electric power, machine-building industries. This list also includes objects, separate equipment with increased explosion hazard, industrial buildings, transport companies, public and administrative buildings.

The diagrams must contain the characteristics of a particular object. They describe the actions of the employees of the enterprise and the relationship of the personnel of the enterprise during extinguishing with the fire brigade. These schematic plans are created for clarity. They depict the object and the nearest buildings, the location of the combat crews, indicate the sources of water that can be used for extinguishing. There are special requirements for the design of such schemes.

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