Tutorial: Fire Tactics
FEDERAL EDUCATION AGENCY
Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education
"RUBTSOV ENGINEERING TECHNICUM"
Methodical instructions
On the implementation of the course project in the discipline
FIRE TACTICS
Completed by a student of the group
Ivanov I.I.
Checked by the head
course project
Moiseev Yu.I.
Rubtsovsk - 2010
Methodological instructions have been prepared to assist students in the implementation of the course project for the course "Fire Tactics".
Independent work on the implementation of the course project is aimed at improving skills in organizing extinguishing large fires, developing documents for preliminary planning of hostilities and professional training of personnel of fire brigades.
Options for the initial data for the course work are given in Appendix 1. The number of options and actions of the first head of extinguishing the fire (RTP-1) are set by the teacher.
1 General
1.1 Operational and tactical characteristics of the object
1.2 Assessment of the actions of the first RTP
2 Special part
2.1 Forecasting a possible situation and calculating forces and means to limit the development of a fire
2.2 Calculation of forces and means for extinguishing a fire
2.3 Organization of command and control of forces and assets in the conduct of hostilities
3 Conclusion
4 Graphic part
1 General
1.1 Operational and tactical characteristics of the object
Structural and planning solutions of the building: dimensions in plan; height; number of storeys; the composition of the premises; material of building structures and their fire resistance; the presence and type of fire barriers, openings in building structures, their sizes; characteristics of escape routes, smoke protection, heating, lighting and ventilation systems; points of disconnection of ventilation systems and electrical voltage, the degree of fire resistance of the building.
Production technology: the essence of the technological process and its fire hazard; type of fire load and its value; fire hazard of the substances and materials used; the most fire hazardous places; category of buildings and premises for explosion and fire hazard.
Characteristics of fire-fighting water supply
External fire-fighting water supply: internal water supply diameter; the number of internal fire hydrants and their location; the number of fire hydrants that can be used simultaneously in case of a fire; the possibility of increasing the water pressure; the type and diameter of the external fire-fighting water supply network, its pressure and water yield; ways to increase the pressure in the network; distance from fire hydrants and other water sources to the building.
Internal fire-fighting water supply: Number of PCs on the floors; location; consumption from the PC.
General information: communication and signaling, stationary extinguishing means. Fire extinguishing agents and standard rates of their delivery. Extract from the schedule of departures of fire departments on fires.
1.2 Procedure for the first RTP
This establishes:
Correspondence of the calculated area of the fire at the time of the introduction of the trunks by the first unit, the size of the area specified in the assignment (transferred from RTP-1 to the TsUSS). For this, it is required to determine the distance traveled by the combustion front during the time of free development of the fire () by the formula
,
Where is the linear speed of combustion propagation, m / min :
min
; 
min
.
Knowing the place of occurrence of combustion and the value of the distance traveled by the combustion front, determine the form of development of the fire and its area;
Correctness of determining the decisive direction of the conduct of hostilities. Having determined the decisive direction, in accordance with the requirements of the BUPO - 95, it is necessary to compare it with the direction of the introduction of forces and means adopted by the first RTP, and, if necessary, confirm the decision by calculation;
Required consumption of extinguishing agents for fire localization.
It is determined by the formula
Where is the extinguishing area at the time of the introduction of the trunks by the first division,.
- the required (standard) intensity of the fire extinguishing agent supply, (Appendix 7).
The extinguishing area is determined by the formulas:
Where n- the number of directions for the introduction of barrels along the paths of combustion propagation;
a- width of the front of combustion propagation, m ;
- extinguishing depth (for hand-held barrels it is taken equal to 5 m, for monitors - 10 m);
for circular, semicircular and angular fires
,
Where k- coefficient taking into account the shape of the fire (for the circular shape of the fire k= 1, semicircular - k= 0.5, angular - k = 0,25);
R- radius of the fire area at the time of the introduction of the trunks by the first division, m;
- radius of the fire area, to which the extinguishing agent is not supplied, m;
in case of a fire in a building with shelving storage of material values, the required consumption is determined by the formula:
,
- the number of trunks required to limit the spread of the fire;
m- the number of aisles between burning shelves;
n- the number of directions for the introduction of barrels;
A- the number of passages between burning and adjacent non-burning shelves;
q- flow rate from the trunk, l / s.
Having determined the required consumption of a fire extinguishing agent to limit the spread of a fire, the student must analyze the tactical capabilities of the first unit in the supply of a fire extinguishing agent. The consumption of the extinguishing agent that can be supplied by the first unit must be determined taking into account the situation in the fire, the number of personnel and the availability of fire-fighting equipment, as well as the type of combat operations (reconnaissance, rescuing people, etc.);
The correctness and completeness of the commands and orders given;
Optimality of fire extinguishing agent supply schemes;
Correctness of the choice of fire extinguishing agents and the type of barrels for their supply;
Completeness of using the tactical capabilities of the first unit; the possibility of localizing a fire by the first arriving units; the possibility of extinguishing a fire by the first arriving units.
If the units that arrived on call # 1 cannot localize the fire, then it is necessary to determine the situation at the time of the introduction of forces and means by the increased call number.
In the event that the decisions of the first RTP are recognized as erroneous, a new specific solution should be proposed with the presentation of the distribution of forces and means and the statement of the corresponding commands and orders;
Completeness of reconnaissance;
Correct use of water sources;
The correctness of the determination of the call number of forces and means.
2 Special part
2.1 Forecasting a possible situation and calculating forces and means to limit the development of a fire
Prediction of a possible operational-tactical situation in a fire and the calculation of parameters for the development and extinguishing of a fire is carried out until the localization conditions are met according to known formulas and dependencies. To predict and assess a possible operational-tactical situation in a fire, it is necessary to determine: the area of the fire, the area of extinguishing, the degree of smoke of the burning and adjacent premises, the possibility of collapse of the supporting building structures, the required consumption of fire extinguishing agents, the number of trunks, personnel and fire fighting equipment to limit the spread of the fire , provision of fire extinguishing agents, the possibility of fire-fighting water supply.
For the increased call number No. 2, the problem is solved in the following sequence.
The distance traveled by the burning front at the time of the introduction of the trunks by the last unit, who arrived at the increased call number No. 2, is determined by the formula
,
Where 
- the time of fire development from the moment the trunks were introduced by the first subdivision until the moment the trunks were introduced by the last subdivision arriving at the increased call number 2, min:
- the time of fire development before the introduction of the trunks by the last unit that arrived at the fire at the increased call number No. 2, min:
- the time from the moment of the outbreak of the fire to the moment of reporting it to the subdivision, which, on call No. 2, was the last to arrive at the fire, min;
Time to follow the fire of the last arriving fire brigade according to No. 2, min;
Time of combat deployment of the last fire brigade who arrived at the fire on call No. 2, min.
Knowing the distance traveled by the combustion front during the possible development of the fire, and the place of combustion, the shape of the fire and its area are determined. It should be borne in mind that by this time the shape of the fire area may change.
The fire area is determined by the formulas:
For rectangular fire development
For circular, semicircular and angular forms of fire development
When burning spreads to adjacent rooms
Where 
- fire area, respectively, in the first, second and other rooms - the shape of the fire area and its value is determined depending on the distance traveled by the combustion front in each room.
2.2 Calculation of forces for extinguishing a fire
Methodology for calculating the forces and means for extinguishing a fire:
Determine the extinguishing area.
S t = S t (workshop) + S t (roof)
Determine the required water consumption for extinguishing.
Q tr (shop) t = S t (shop) * J tr
Q tr (roof) t = S t (roof) * J tr
I determine the number of trunks to extinguish.
N st (shop) t = Q tr (shop) / q st
N st (roof) t = Q tr (roof) / q st
Determine the number of compartments required to feed trunks for extinguishing
N dt t = N st t / n st dt
n Art dep - the number of trunks that can be fed by one branch.
Determine the required water consumption for protection.
The required water consumption for protection above and below the levels of the object from the level where the fire occurred is calculated by the formula:
Q protection tr. = S prote, [l / s].
where: S prote - the area of the protected area, [m 2];
- the required intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents for protection.
If in the regulatory documents and reference literature there is no data on the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents to protect objects, for example, in case of fires in buildings, it is established according to the tactical conditions of the situation and the implementation of combat operations to extinguish the fire, based on the operational and tactical characteristics of the object, or take a reduced 4 times in comparison with the required intensity of supply for extinguishing a fire and is determined by the formula:
0.25 I tr. , [l / (s * m 2)]
We determine the number of personnel required for the conduct of hostilities.
N l / s = N t RS-70 (shop) * 3 + N RSK-50 protection * 1 + N t RS-70 (roof) * 2 + N raz * 1 + N PB * 1 = 3 * 3 + 1 * 1 + 3 * 2 + 4 * 1 + 3 * 1 = 23
N t RS-70 (shop) - the number of RS-70 barrels supplied for extinguishing a fire in the shop
N RSK-50 zash - the number of barrels submitted for protection
N t RS-70 (roof) - the number of RS-70 trunks supplied for extinguishing the roof
N div - the number of branches
N PB - the number of security posts
Construction of a combined graph of changes in the area of the fire, the area of extinguishing, the required and actual consumption of the extinguishing agent in time
The combined schedule for the development and extinguishing of a fire is recommended to be performed in compliance with certain rules:
1. The ordinate axis (vertical axis) is plotted:
on the left - the area of the fire in m 2;
on the right - the consumption of fire extinguishing agents in l / s.
2. Along the abscissa axis (horizontal axis) the astronomical time is plotted in hours (or minutes), depending on the extinguishing time.
3. The required consumption of the extinguishing agent is determined by multiplying the size of the fire area taken at the moment from the table "Organization of extinguishing a possible fire with the first RTP", by the intensity required for the given object. If the extinguishing agent was supplied to the extinguishing area, then it is necessary to determine its value and draw a line of the extinguishing area and the required flow rate when it is fed to the extinguishing area.
4. The actual consumption of the extinguishing agent at a certain point in time is taken according to the table "Organization of extinguishing a possible fire by the first RTP".
When drawing up a combined schedule, the required and actual costs of supplying fire extinguishing agents for various periods of time are taken from the calculation of forces and resources and the table "Development and extinguishing of a fire in a building". (p. 221 RTP)
The graph of the change in the fire area (area, perimeter and extinguishing front)
it is inappropriate to show separately from the graph of changes in the required consumption of the extinguishing agent. The graphs should be combined, since in these cases the change in the fire parameter is equally matched by the change in the required consumption of the extinguishing agent. All graphs are performed with solid lines, and the graph of the actual consumption of the extinguishing agent is stepped.
The combined schedule should be performed in combination with the universal table of combat actions, which coincides with the schedule on the abscissa axis (time). This table indicates the tactical concept of the firefighting plan using the conventions adopted in the BUPO and SRTP
a) by area of fire
2. - the size of the extinguishing area and the required consumption of the extinguishing agent when feeding it over the extinguishing area; for a rectangular fire - a solid line; with a circular (or sectorial) fire area - a dotted line;
1 - area of fire.
2 - extinguishing area.
3 - the actual consumption of the extinguishing agent.
b) by the area of extinguishing the fire
2.3 Organization of command and control of forces and assets in the conduct of hostilities
Management of forces and means of fire protection units in the event of a fire and attached forces includes the activities of the RTP and the operational headquarters, carried out in order to successfully conduct hostilities. This means forecasting and assessing the operational-tactical situation in a fire, making decisions on the conduct of hostilities, developing a tactical extinguishing plan, setting combat missions for units and organizing their interaction, monitoring the implementation of assigned tasks, organizing interaction with city services and other attached forces ...
Decision-making on the conduct of hostilities is carried out on the basis of an assessment of the situation in the fire. At the same time, the required number of forces and means for localizing a fire is established, the decisive direction of the conduct of hostilities is determined, a decision is made on the need to organize an operational headquarters and combat areas, the choice of a fire extinguishing agent, the method and methods of its supply, is organized the alignment of forces and means, their interaction, communication, etc.
The work should cover the following issues:
The procedure for changing leadership in a fire;
Organization of reconnaissance in case of fire at the facility;
Determination of the decisive direction of hostilities;
Justification of the need to organize an operational headquarters in the event of a fire and its composition;
Setting specific tasks for the operational headquarters (chief of staff (NS), chief of logistics (NT), representatives of city and facility services);
Justification of the need to organize combat areas and their number;
Setting specific tasks for each department and determining the amount of forces and resources they need;
Organization of the work of the GDZS units, if they need to be used when extinguishing a fire;
Organization of hostilities at an outside air temperature of 10 and below;
Building a joint schedule for changing the area of the fire, the area of extinguishing, the required and actual consumption of the extinguishing agent in time;
Safety precautions when extinguishing a fire at the facility.
Each decision must be justified or confirmed by normative documents, references to fire-technical literature. The decisions made by the students are drawn up in the form of tables (Appendices 2,3,4 to BUPO-95).
The decisive direction of hostilities is determined for different periods of time: for each of the RTP, at the time of the arrival of the DSPT, at the time of the submission of the barrels by the units that arrived at the increased call number, at the time of the localization of the fire.
Methods for the arrangement of forces and means are selected based on the specific situation prevailing in the fire. At the same time, the area of fire, the decisive direction of hostilities, the number of forces and means, the remoteness of water sources, the layout of the building, the degree of smoke, etc. are taken into account. when placing units that have arrived at an increased call number at water sources, one should take into account the possibility of connecting them to fire vehicles of the first units in order to make optimal use of the tactical capabilities of fire fighting equipment and reduce the time for the introduction of barrels. Combat deployment schemes for the forces and assets that have arrived must be optimal. When organizing the supply of water or its pumping, water supply schemes and their calculation should be provided.
When using special fire-fighting vehicles and equipment, it is necessary to take into account their tactical and technical characteristics. The description of the organization of communication and lighting on a fire should be illustrated with diagrams.
3 Conclusions
Based on the results of the analysis of the situation and calculations, conclusions are drawn about the capabilities of the fire brigade to extinguish fires at the facility and measures that can increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing.
4 Graphic part
The graphic part is executed in scale on an A1 sheet and includes:
The plan of the facility indicating the required dimensions, access roads, schemes of water sources;
Scheme, arrangement of systems and equipment (in colors, in accordance with the call numbers: 1st number - blue; 2nd number - green; other arriving units - black) indicating the decisive direction of hostilities, the area of the fire, combat areas, the place of the firefighting headquarters , a checkpoint and security post, a reserve of equipment at the time of localization of a fire, communication and lighting schemes, the boundaries of a smoke zone. The area of the fire on the diagram is shaded in red with the designation of the place of the fire and with the indication of the size of the area. The boundaries of the area are shown at two points in time: the introduction of the trunks by the first arriving units and the localization of the fire. In this case, the area of each time interval is hatched with a grid of different frequencies. If the combustion has spread to other floors and it is difficult to show the distribution of forces and means on one floor, explanatory diagrams are drawn;
On the combat deployment diagrams, it is necessary to indicate the diameters of the sleeves of the main lines, the number of sleeves in them and the heads on the head and intermediate pumps of fire trucks;
Combined graph of changes in the area of the fire, the area of extinguishing, the required and actual consumption of the extinguishing agent in time;
Summary data on the parameters of development and fire extinguishing (Table 2).
When performing the graphic part, the requirements of the ESKD must be observed, the symbols must comply with the documents (1, 3, 4).
Summary data of parameters of development and extinguishing of fire
Literature
1. Combat regulations of the fire department. - M: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995, 50s.
2. 2. Charter of the fire protection service. - M: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995, 59s.
3. GOST 12 1 004 - 85 "Fire safety" General requirements ", -
M.: USSR State Committee for Standards, 1985, 77 p.
4. The training program for the personnel of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia.
5. Manual on the gas and smoke protection service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Appendix 1 to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 04/30/96, No. 234.
6. Rules for labor protection in the subdivisions of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters (POT RO-2002).
(approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2002 N 630)
7. Instructions for tactical training of the commanding staff of the fire protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, - M: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1988, 64 p.
8. Methods for the development of standards for fire drill training. - M: GUPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1989, 21 p.
9. Plekhanov V.I. Organization of work in the rear in a fire, - M,: Stroyizdat, 1987, 120 p.
10. Fire tactics. Edited by Ya.S. Povzika - M,: VIPTL Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1984, 480 p.
11. Manual on the communication service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, annex to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 30, 2000 No. 700.
12. Manual on the technical service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated January 24, 1996 N 34.
